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In the past, hepatic blood flow in cows was invasively characterized to investigate different pathologies and physiological conditions. However, hepatic blood flow can be easily evaluated with transabdominal Doppler ultrasound. Sixteen healthy adult non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein-Friesian cows were examined using B-mode and Doppler ultrasound between the right flank and 9th intercostal space to establish the best approach to the different parts of the portal and hepatic vein systems, and determine normal blood flow characteristics. The main portal vein was characterized by a turbulent, high-velocity flow due to the opposing confluence of the splenic and cranial mesenteric veins, while hepatic and caudal vena cava veins have laminar blood flow, in which the phasicity is considered mainly respiratory in origin. Reference values were determined in relation to the anatomical point of observation. In conclusion, transabdominal Doppler ultrasound of the portal system is a simple technique that allows non-invasive characterization of portal and hepatic blood haemodynamics in cows

The liver is the largest gland in the digestive system. Most parts of the liver are placing in the right region of the abdominal cavity and fixed by special ligaments, arteries and veins. The blood of the digestive system is drained into the liver by the portal vein. In this survey, the relationship between portal vein with hepatic veins, types of hepatic veins, manner of drainage of hepatic veins and also manner of drainage of the portal vein into caudal vena cava are studied. Thirty healthy livers of buffalo are selected from Urmia industrial slaughterhouse and biometrical studies performed on them. Also, the latex injection is used for observation of anastomosis of different veins in the liver. Results of liver biometry are followed: Average of weight of liver = 4380±1173/30gr, average of length of liver = 467.5±47/00972mm, average of wide of liver = 270.8±38/90934 mm270.8±38/90934 mm, average length of gallbladder = 109.66±13/7673mm, average of wide of gallbladder = 70.4±17/7426mm, average of caudal vena cava canal = 151.06 ±28.6854, Average of diameter of portal vein = 30.93±4.4430 and average of caliber of portal vein in entrance to liver = 39.26±6.2098. The liver veins were short veins, which are occupied parenchyma of the liver. These veins are received more branch of small veins. All of these veins were draining into abdominolateral wall of inter hepatic part of the portal vein. Results of this research are showed which inter hepatic veins have a different diameter. Rang of this diameter was from 0.5 to 3 mm or more. Interhepatic veins were classified according to the size of their calibre into three groups, large intrahepatic veins (they were generally more 3mm in diameter), intermediate interhepatic veins (they were 1to 3 mm in diameter) and small interhepatic veins (they were less 0.5 to 1 mm in diameter). Results of this study are showed which the average number of large foramen were 3.8, the average number of medium foramen was 8.3, and an average numb