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Abstract Although most actions aimed at promoting the use of active transport means have been conducted in ‘large’ cities, recent studies suggest that their cycling dynamics could hinder the efforts put into infrastructural, modal share, and cycling culture improvements. Aim The present study aimed to assess the role of city sizes on riding behavioral and crash-related cycling outcomes in an extensive sample of urban bicycle users. Methods For this purpose, a full sample of 5705 cyclists from >300 cities in 18 countries responded to the Cycling Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), one of the most widely used behavioral questionnaires to assess risky and positive riding behaviors. Following objective criteria, data were grouped according to small cities (S; population of 50,000 or fewer), medium cities (M; population between 50,000 and 200,000), large cities (L; population between 200,000 and one million), and megacities (XL; population larger than one million). Results Descriptive analyses endorsed the associations between city size, cycling behavioral patterns, and mid-term self-reported crash outcomes. Also, it was observed a significant effect of the city size on cyclists' traffic violations and errors (all p < .001). However, no significant effects of the city size on positive behaviors were found. Also, it stands out that cyclists from megacities self-reported significantly more violations and errors than any of the other groups. Further, the outcomes of this study suggest that city sizes account for cycling safety outcomes through statistical associations, differences, and confirmatory predictive relationships through the mediation of risky cycling behavioral patterns. Conclusion The results of the present study highlight the need for authorities to promote road safety education and awareness plans aimed at cyclists in larger cities. Furthermore, path analysis suggests th

This Data in Brief (DiB) article presents the differences in cycling behaviors related to violations, errors, and positive behaviors by region. The study data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire applied to a full sample of 7,001 participants from 19 countries, distributed over 5 continents. This paper proposes descriptive statistics, as well as common statistical tests. The aim is to enable authors to make their own analyses, not to provide precise interpretations. For further information about the macro project supporting the collection of these data, it is advised to refer to the paper titled “Cross-culturally approaching the cycling behavior questionnaire (CBQ): Evidence from 19 countries”, published in Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behavior.

While promoting urban cycling has shown to represent several benefits for public health, risky behaviours might endanger cycling safety outcomes and discourage people from shifting to active transportation. Therefore, examining the relationships among riding behaviour, safety, and country-based figures seems valuable for promoting a safer and sustainable development of urban cycling worldwide. For this study, 7,001 urban cyclists from 19 countries provided data on their mobility patterns, cycling behaviours and safety outcomes. The results show that positive behaviours are overall more prevalent than risky ones. However, behavioural patterns largely vary depending on riders' demographics and country-based indexes. It supports the idea that cycling behaviour remains a key contributor to cycling outcomes, as well as the need to fill many gaps endangering riding safety across many countries.

This study investigates the combined effect of the Effort/Reward Imbalance (ERI) model of stress and work intensification within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health (general and work-related fatigue, and psychological strain) of cargo drivers, one of the most demanded workforces during the first year of this pandemic. For this cross-sectional research, the data provided by n = 1,013 professional drivers from the different 17 autonomous communities (regions) of Spain were analyzed. Participants answered a questionnaire composed of the short version of the Effort Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire, a Work Intensification Scale (WIS) designed for this study, the fatigue subscale of the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS), the Need for Recovery after Work Scale (NFR), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).

The last few years have brought about a series of substantial changes for mobility on two wheels, especially if the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is considered as a relevant fact for transportation dynamics [1,2]. Social distancing recommendations have promoted the use of individual transportation systems instead of massive transportations means. Consequently, riding a bike for urban trips has become increasingly prevalent in many countries [3-5]. Besides an opportunity to make urban mobility more active and sustainable, this panorama poses the challenge to prevent that, along with its growing use, bicycle crashes ---and their consequences-might continue to increase. In this regard, recent studies have emphasized the role of individual differences and personality-related factors as potential issues influencing both cycling behaviors and traffic crashes suffered while riding [6,7].

Given different advances in applied literature, risky and positive behaviours keep gaining ground as key contributors for riding safety outcomes. In this regard, the Cycling Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ) represents one of the tools available to assess the core dimensions of cycling behaviour and their relationship with road safety outcomes from a behavioural perspective. Nevertheless, it has never been psychometrically approached through a cross-cultural perspective. Therefore, this study aimed to perform the cross-cultural validation of the CBQ, examining its psychometric properties, reliability indexes, validity insights and descriptive scores in 19 countries distributed across five regions: Europe, America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. For this purpose, it was used the data retrieved from a full sample of 7,001 urban cyclists responding to a large-scale electronic survey. Participants had a mean age of M = 36.15 (SD = 14.71), ranging between 16 and 83 years. The results of this large-scale study empirically support the assumption that the 29-item version of the CBQ has a fair dimensional structure and item composition, good internal consistency, reliability indexes, and an interesting set of validity insights. Among these results, there can be highlighted that: (i) Structurally speaking, the questionnaire works better under a three-factor dimensionality, keeping all its 29 items, whose factor loadings are >0.400 in all cases; (ii) The CBQ shows greater reliability indexes than in previous applications using smaller samples, with good Cronbach's alphas [0.768 - 0.915], McDonald's omegas [0.770 - 0.913] and Composite Reliability Indexes [981 - 0.994]; and (iii) Robust tests comparing riding behaviours of riders with different levels of risk perception and crash involvement support the concurrent validity of the Cycling Behaviour Questionnaire. These outcomes endorse the usefulness of the CBQ to assess both risky and positive riding behaviours of cyclists in dif

Sergio A Useche,1,2 Francisco Alonso,1,2 Boris Cendales,3 Javier Llamazares4 1Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; 2DATS (Development and Advising in Traffic Safety) Research Group, INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; 3Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia; 4Department of Technology, ESIC Business and Marketing School, Madrid, SpainCorrespondence: Sergio A UsecheDATS, Carrer del Serpis 29, 3rd Floor, Valencia, 46022, SpainTel +34 611317890Email sergio.useche@uv.esIntroduction: Recent evidence consistently highlights the adverse work environment of long-haul professional drivers, whose task structure typically involves the performance of extensive shifts, driving under stressful working conditions. In this regard, job stress and fatigue – that are highly prevalent in this workforce – seem to play a crucial role in explaining this group’s negative traffic safety outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess whether work-related fatigue is a mechanism that mediates the relationship between job stress, health indicators and occupational traffic crashes of long-haul truck drivers (LHTD).Methods: The data used in this study were collected from 521 Spanish long-haul truck drivers (97% males) from all 17 regions of Spain, with a mean age of 47 years.Results: Utilizing structural equation models (SEM), it was found that work-traffic crashes of long-haul truck drivers could be explained through work-related fatigue that exerts a full mediation between job stress (job strain), health-related factors and traffic crashes suffered during the previous two years.Discussion: Overall, the findings of this research support that a) stressful working conditions and health issues of drivers have significant effects on traffic crashes, and b) fatigue is a mechanism relating stress-related factors and work-traffic crashes of long-haul drivers. Thi

This research examined whether there are significantly different groups of students according to their selfperceptions (self-efficacy, self-concept) and attitudes towards statistics and if the interactions between specific group membership (self perceptive-attitudinal profile in statistics), sex and academic programs influences statistics achievement and statistic anxiety. In a sample of undergraduate students (178 women, 154 men), clusters analysis revealed two distinguishable self perceptiveattitudinal profiles: profile-1 reports higher levels in the grouping variables than profile-2. Analysis of variance and covariance showed that student’s self perceptiveattitudinal profile has a significant effect on statistics achievement and statistical anxiety, and that this effect varies by gender and academic program. The results contrast with findings from other studies that examine the same constructs separately, Se examinaron factores auto-perceptivos (autoconcepto,autoeficacia) y actitudinales referentes a la estadísticapara determinar si las interacciones entre el perfil autoperceptivo/actitudinal del estudiante, el sexo y el área detitulación se asocian con el rendimiento académico y laansiedad estadística. En una muestra de estudiantes universitarioscolombianos (178 mujeres, 154 hombres), losanálisis de conglomerados revelaron dos perfiles autoperceptivos/actitudinales significativamente distintos,según los niveles bajos (perfil-1) o altos (perfil-2) en lasvariables de agrupación (autoconcepto, autoeficacia yactitudes hacia la estadística). Los análisis de varianzay de covarianza mostraron que el perfil auto-perceptivo/actitudinal de los estudiantes tiene un efecto significativoen el rendimiento y la ansiedad estadística, que varía porsexo y área de titulación. Los hallazgos contrastan conlos de otros estudios que examinan los mismos constructosseparadamente., Foram examinados fatores de auto-percepção (autoconceito,autoeficácia) e atitudinais referentes à aprendizagemda estatística, para determinar se as interaçõesentre o perfil auto-perceptivo/atitudinal do estudante, assimcomo o sexo e a sua área de titulação se associavamcom o rendimento acadêmico e os níveis de ansiedadeestatística. Numa amostra de estudantes universitárioscolombianos (178 mulheres, 154 homens), as análises deconglomerados revelaram dois perfis auto-perceptivos/atitudinais significativamente distintos, segundo níveisbaixos (perfil-1) ou altos (perfil-2) nas variáveis de agrupação(autoconceito, autoeficácia e atitudes em relaçãoà estatística). As análises de variância e de covariânciamostraram que o perfil auto-perceptivo/atitudinal dosestudantes têm um efeito significativo no rendimento ena ansiedade estatística, que varia por sexo e por áreade titulação. Os resultados contrastam com os de outrosestudos que examinam os mesmos constructos de maneiraseparada.

This research examined whether there are significantly different groups of students according to their selfperceptions (self-efficacy, self-concept) and attitudes towards statistics and if the interactions between specific group membership (self perceptive-attitudinal profile in statistics), sex and academic programs influences statistics achievement and statistic anxiety. In a sample of undergraduate students (178 women, 154 men), clusters analysis revealed two distinguishable self perceptiveattitudinal profiles: profile-1 reports higher levels in the grouping variables than profile-2. Analysis of variance and covariance showed that student’s self perceptiveattitudinal profile has a significant effect on statistics achievement and statistical anxiety, and that this effect varies by gender and academic program. The results contrast with findings from other studies that examine the same constructs separately, Se examinaron factores auto-perceptivos (autoconcepto,autoeficacia) y actitudinales referentes a la estadísticapara determinar si las interacciones entre el perfil autoperceptivo/actitudinal del estudiante, el sexo y el área detitulación se asocian con el rendimiento académico y laansiedad estadística. En una muestra de estudiantes universitarioscolombianos (178 mujeres, 154 hombres), losanálisis de conglomerados revelaron dos perfiles autoperceptivos/actitudinales significativamente distintos,según los niveles bajos (perfil-1) o altos (perfil-2) en lasvariables de agrupación (autoconcepto, autoeficacia yactitudes hacia la estadística). Los análisis de varianzay de covarianza mostraron que el perfil auto-perceptivo/actitudinal de los estudiantes tiene un efecto significativoen el rendimiento y la ansiedad estadística, que varía porsexo y área de titulación. Los hallazgos contrastan conlos de otros estudios que examinan los mismos constructosseparadamente., Foram examinados fatores de auto-percepção (autoconceito,autoeficácia) e atitudinais referentes à aprendizagemda estatística, para determinar se as interaçõesentre o perfil auto-perceptivo/atitudinal do estudante, assimcomo o sexo e a sua área de titulação se associavamcom o rendimento acadêmico e os níveis de ansiedadeestatística. Numa amostra de estudantes universitárioscolombianos (178 mulheres, 154 homens), as análises deconglomerados revelaram dois perfis auto-perceptivos/atitudinais significativamente distintos, segundo níveisbaixos (perfil-1) ou altos (perfil-2) nas variáveis de agrupação(autoconceito, autoeficácia e atitudes em relaçãoà estatística). As análises de variância e de covariânciamostraram que o perfil auto-perceptivo/atitudinal dosestudantes têm um efeito significativo no rendimento ena ansiedade estatística, que varia por sexo e por áreade titulação. Os resultados contrastam com os de outrosestudos que examinam os mesmos constructos de maneiraseparada.

Foram examinados fatores de auto-percepção (autoconceito, autoeficácia) e atitudinais referentes à aprendizagem da estatística, para determinar se as interações entre o perfil auto-perceptivo/atitudinal do estudante, assim como o sexo e a sua área de titulação se associavam com o rendimento acadêmico e os níveis de ansiedade estatística. Numa amostra de estudantes universitários colombianos (178 mulheres, 154 homens), as análises de conglomerados revelaram dois perfis auto-perceptivos/ atitudinais significativamente distintos, segundo níveis baixos (perfil-1) ou altos (perfil-2) nas variáveis de agrupação (autoconceito, autoeficácia e atitudes em relação à estatística). As análises de variância e de covariância mostraram que o perfil auto-perceptivo/atitudinal dos estudantes têm um efeito significativo no rendimento e na ansiedade estatística, que varia por sexo e por área de titulação. Os resultados contrastam com os de outros estudos que examinam os mesmos constructos de maneira separada., Se examinaron factores auto-perceptivos (autoconcepto, autoeficacia) y actitudinales referentes a la estadística para determinar si las interacciones entre el perfil autoperceptivo/ actitudinal del estudiante, el sexo y el área de titulación se asocian con el rendimiento académico y la ansiedad estadística. En una muestra de estudiantes universitarios colombianos (178 mujeres, 154 hombres), los análisis de conglomerados revelaron dos perfiles autoperceptivos/ actitudinales significativamente distintos, según los niveles bajos (perfil-1) o altos (perfil-2) en las variables de agrupación (autoconcepto, autoeficacia y actitudes hacia la estadística). Los análisis de varianza y de covarianza mostraron que el perfil auto-perceptivo/ actitudinal de los estudiantes tiene un efecto significativo en el rendimiento y la ansiedad estadística, que varía por sexo y área de titulación. Los hallazgos contrastan con los de otros estudios que examinan los mismos constructos separadamente., This research examined whether there are significantly different groups of students according to their selfperceptions (self-efficacy, self-concept) and attitudes towards statistics and if the interactions between specific group membership (self perceptive-attitudinal profile in statistics), sex and academic programs influences statistics achievement and statistic anxiety. In a sample of undergraduate students (178 women, 154 men), clusters analysis revealed two distinguishable self perceptiveattitudinal profiles: profile-1 reports higher levels in the grouping variables than profile-2. Analysis of variance and covariance showed that student´s self perceptiveattitudinal profile has a significant effect on statistics achievement and statistical anxiety, and that this effect varies by gender and academic program. The results contrast with findings from other studies that examine the same constructs separately.