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1. Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology.

Author: Suzuki, Ken, Suzuki, Ken, Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos, Southam, Lorraine, Taylor, Henry, Yin, Xianyong, Lorenz, Kim, Mandla, Ravi, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, Melloni, Giorgio, Kanoni, Stavroula, Rayner, Nigel, Bocher, Ozvan, Arruda, Ana, Sonehara, Kyuto, Namba, Shinichi, Lee, Simon, Preuss, Michael, Petty, Lauren, Schroeder, Philip, Vanderwerff, Brett, Kals, Mart, Bragg, Fiona, Lin, Kuang, Guo, Xiuqing, Zhang, Weihua, Yao, Jie, Kim, Young, Graff, Mariaelisa, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Nano, Jana, Lamri, Amel, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Moon, Sanghoon, Scott, Robert, Cook, James, Lee, Jung-Jin, Pan, Ian, Taliun, Daniel, Parra, Esteban, Chai, Jin-Fang, Bielak, Lawrence, Tabara, Yasuharu, Hai, Yang, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Grarup, Niels, Sofer, Tamar, Wuttke, Matthias, Sarnowski, Chloé, Gieger, Christian, Nousome, Darryl, Trompet, Stella, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Long, Jirong, Sun, Meng, Tong, Lin, Chen, Wei-Min, Nongmaithem, Suraj, Noordam, Raymond, Lim, Victor, Tam, Claudia, Joo, Yoonjung, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Raffield, Laura, Prins, Bram, Nicolas, Aude, Yanek, Lisa, Chen, Guanjie, Brody, Jennifer, Kabagambe, Edmond, An, Ping, Xiang, Anny, Choi, Hyeok, Cade, Brian, Tan, Jingyi, Broadaway, K, Williamson, Alice, Kamali, Zoha, Cui, Jinrui, Thangam, Manonanthini, Adair, Linda, Adeyemo, Adebowale, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer, Anand, Sonia, Bertoni, Alain, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Buchanan, Thomas, Burant, Charles, Butterworth, Adam, Canouil, Mickaël, Chan, Juliana, Chang, Li-Ching, Chee, Miao-Li, Chen, Ji, Chen, Shyh-Huei, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Chen, Zhengming, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Cushman, Mary, Suzuki, Ken, Suzuki, Ken, Hatzikotoulas, Konstantinos, Southam, Lorraine, Taylor, Henry, Yin, Xianyong, Lorenz, Kim, Mandla, Ravi, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, Melloni, Giorgio, Kanoni, Stavroula, Rayner, Nigel, Bocher, Ozvan, Arruda, Ana, Sonehara, Kyuto, Namba, Shinichi, Lee, Simon, Preuss, Michael, Petty, Lauren, Schroeder, Philip, Vanderwerff, Brett, Kals, Mart, Bragg, Fiona, Lin, Kuang, Guo, Xiuqing, Zhang, Weihua, Yao, Jie, Kim, Young, Graff, Mariaelisa, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Nano, Jana, Lamri, Amel, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Moon, Sanghoon, Scott, Robert, Cook, James, Lee, Jung-Jin, Pan, Ian, Taliun, Daniel, Parra, Esteban, Chai, Jin-Fang, Bielak, Lawrence, Tabara, Yasuharu, Hai, Yang, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Grarup, Niels, Sofer, Tamar, Wuttke, Matthias, Sarnowski, Chloé, Gieger, Christian, Nousome, Darryl, Trompet, Stella, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Long, Jirong, Sun, Meng, Tong, Lin, Chen, Wei-Min, Nongmaithem, Suraj, Noordam, Raymond, Lim, Victor, Tam, Claudia, Joo, Yoonjung, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Raffield, Laura, Prins, Bram, Nicolas, Aude, Yanek, Lisa, Chen, Guanjie, Brody, Jennifer, Kabagambe, Edmond, An, Ping, Xiang, Anny, Choi, Hyeok, Cade, Brian, Tan, Jingyi, Broadaway, K, Williamson, Alice, Kamali, Zoha, Cui, Jinrui, Thangam, Manonanthini, Adair, Linda, Adeyemo, Adebowale, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer, Anand, Sonia, Bertoni, Alain, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Buchanan, Thomas, Burant, Charles, Butterworth, Adam, Canouil, Mickaël, Chan, Juliana, Chang, Li-Ching, Chee, Miao-Li, Chen, Ji, Chen, Shyh-Huei, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Chen, Zhengming, Chuang, Lee-Ming, and Cushman, Mary
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes1,2 and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type3,4. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores5 in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.
Published: 2024

2. Investigating note-taking in consecutive interpreting : using the concept of visual grammar

Author: Chang, Li-Wen
Subjects: 418.02, consecutive interpreting, note-taking, social semiotics, multimodality
Abstract: Interpreting studies has so far tended to concentrate on simultaneous interpreting over the consecutive mode. Note-taking – an integral part of consecutive interpreting – has therefore received very little scholarly attention. As an indispensable tool in consecutive interpreting, note-taking plays an important role in supporting the interpreter’s memory. This study argues, however, that the interpreter's notes should not be viewed merely as a memory storage tool, but as a third visual language with its own logic and meaning-making practices that need interpreting. The way in which interpreters read their notes is explored here from the perspective of Social Semiotics for two reasons. Firstly, Social Semiotics conceptualises signs as meaning-making resources which are realized in specific communicative contexts to convey specific communicative intentions – unlike previous approaches to note-taking, that have tended to categorise signs as static constituents of relatively finite sign codes. Secondly, Social Semiotics not only accounts for how written language is used in notes, but also how the pictorial component of communication is encoded and interpreted through interpreter’s notes. The interpreter, as a viewer, has to make use of semiotic resources deployed in the notes in order to reconstruct the information given by the speaker and to produce the target speech for the audience. Therefore, the interpreters’ note-reading stage, based on the interaction between signs, can be conceptualised by reference to the concept of visual grammar. This study draws on visual grammar (Kress and van Leeuwen 2006) to analyse interpreter’s notes with a view to gaining a better understanding of how linguistic and visual semiotic resources are deployed in the process of note-taking. Insight into interpreters’ meaning-making practices and note-taking patterns is gained through an experimental study of the notes produced by nine qualified, practising conference interpreters, during a consecutive interpreting task from English into Chinese. The patterns identified in my data set are then compared with the established prescriptive approaches to note-taking training – which are typically based on relatively stable correspondences between note-taking signs/symbols and their meaning. The analysis focuses on certain elements of the source speech (concepts that can be noted down through the use of vectors, geometrical shapes, specific classificational structures, margin, and salience) as reflected in the notes. The way in which interpreters read their notes involves the interaction between two core modes, such as image and language, and a range of sub-modes, such as vectors, geometrical shapes, composition, framing, salience and calligraphy. The results of the analysis indicate that the way in which interpreters arrange the contents of their notes reflects the depth of the information processing effort required by the note-taking process. The findings suggest that the narrative structure in notes seems to assist interpreters in retrieving information at a micro, lexical level, whereas the visual structure would appear to assist interpreters in retrieving information at a macro, contextual level, e.g. in representing the hierarchies of information value, constructing the structure of rendition, and showing the importance of specific signs.
Published: 2015

3. Mentalizing in an economic games context is associated with enhanced activation and connectivity in the left temporoparietal junction.

Author: Chang, Li-Ang, Chang, Li-Ang, Armaos, Konstantinos, Warns, Lotte, Ma de Sousa, Ava Q, Paauwe, Femke, Scholz, Christin, Engelmann, Jan B, Chang, Li-Ang, Chang, Li-Ang, Armaos, Konstantinos, Warns, Lotte, Ma de Sousa, Ava Q, Paauwe, Femke, Scholz, Christin, and Engelmann, Jan B
Abstract: Prior studies in Social Neuroeconomics have consistently reported activation in social cognition regions during interactive economic games, suggesting mentalizing during economic choice. Such mentalizing occurs during active participation in the game, as well as during passive observation of others' interactions. We designed a novel version of the classic false-belief task (FBT) in which participants read vignettes about interactions between agents in the ultimatum and trust games and were subsequently asked to infer the agents' beliefs. We compared activation patterns during the economic games FBT to those during the classic FBT using conjunction analyses. We find significant overlap in the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, as well as the temporal pole (TP) during two task phases: belief formation and belief inference. Moreover, generalized Psychophysiological Interaction (gPPI) analyses show that during belief formation, the right TPJ is a target of both the left TPJ and the right TP seed regions, whereas during belief inferences all seed regions show interconnectivity with each other. These results indicate that across different task types and phases, mentalizing is associated with activation and connectivity across central nodes of the social cognition network. Importantly, this is the case for both the novel economic games and the classic FBTs.
Published: 2023

4. Silicon rich silicon carbide for integrated photonic applications

Author: Chang, Li-Yang, Yu, Paul1, Chang, Li-Yang, Chang, Li-Yang, Yu, Paul1, and Chang, Li-Yang
Abstract: Silicon photonics is a rapidly growing field of technology that focuses on the use of silicon-based materials to manipulate light in order to transmit information. By leveraging the unique properties of silicon-based materials, silicon photonics offers several advantages over conventional electronic-based technologies. Silicon is a mature CMOS material and is one of the most widely used integrated photonic platforms. However, silicon has a relatively smaller band gap, which limits its power handling capabilities due to two-photon absorption, making it unsuitable for high-intensity nonlinear optical processing.In this dissertation, I will show our effort in developing silicon rich carbide (SRC) as a new photonic material that addresses the limitations of silicon. By increasing the silicon content, SRC offers enhanced nonlinearity while maintaining a wider band gap than silicon. Results demonstrate a 7-fold increase in nonlinearity compared to stoichiometric silicon carbide. Additionally, preliminary work on a Si/SRC hybrid waveguide modulator is presented, utilizing the quadratic EO effect (DC Kerr effect).Another important active photonic building block is the phase shifter. Many photonic applications, including optical modulators and all-optical switches, rely on tunability to control the optical properties in PICs. One of the common mechanisms that is used for circuit tuning is the thermo-optic effect. The dissertation will show our work on exploring the thermo-optic coefficient (TOC) of the SRC material and demonstrates a 3-fold improvement in the TOC with respect to the stoichiometric silicon carbide. An efficient thermo-optic phase shifter is also demonstrated using SRC.In conclusion, SRC, with its high nonlinearities, high power handling capability, high TOC, and compatibility with CMOS processing, shows great potential as a promising material candidate for integrated photonic applications.
Published: 2023

5. Revealing fundamental aspects of size effects in ferroelectrics through experiments on fiber single crystals

Author: Chang, Li-Wu
Subjects: 537
Published: 2010

6. Acting it out : children learning English through story-based drama

Author: Chang, Li-Yu
Subjects: 371.3, LB1501 Primary Education, PE English
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore why and how stories and drama can encourage children’s participation in class and also affect their learning of English as a foreign language in Taiwanese primary schools. The author takes a strong interest in both fields, English for Young Learners (EYL) and educational drama, and attempts to propose a solution, story-based drama, to two of the more common problems faced by teachers at primary level—mixed ability classes and limited teaching hours. The key methodological approach was action research in a case study format, using mixed methods and gathering quantitative as well as qualitative data in order to evaluate the impact of the author’s teaching on the children’s English learning. The quantitative research data was gathered with the aid of questionnaires responded to by one hundred and nine teachers and thirty-two fifth graders, while the qualitative data was collected from interviews, participant observation, fieldnotes, journals, artefacts, and video and audio recordings. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses revealed that the incorporation of stories and drama into the existing school curriculum was workable, and the story-based drama assisted the pupils to have greater participation in class and a higher degree of improvements than before in terms of their four language and non-verbal communication skills. This was corroborated by questionnaire results, interviewees’ responses, the co-teacher’s observations, and the pupils’ written work. The author recommends that a collaborative approach to curriculum design and research methodology could be adopted by teachers themselves or between teachers and researchers in order to stimulate more research on the use of story-based drama in similar contexts, while deepening our understanding of this resourceful teaching approach.
Published: 2009

7. The role of landscape design in improving the educational functions of botanic gardens in Taiwan

Author: Chang, Li-shin
Subjects: 630, Visitors, Environmental
Abstract: This thesis investigates the relationship between landscape design and effectiveness of environmental education in botanic gardens in Taiwan. Beginning with a review of the historical development and changing role of the botanic garden, botanic gardens have been shown to react to the development of plant sciences and to reflect contemporary human demands, such as commercial trade, collecting habits and recreation. The conclusion is reached that after the Rio Earth Summit the most important role of the botanic garden in the 21 st century lies in enviromnental education. l. Interviews with educators and those involved in design of botanic gardens in the • UK reveal that botanic gardens have been actively producing educational programmes for different age groups of people and they have ingeniously incorporated interpretation techniques into the sites and plant collections to send enviromnental messages. The results of interviews with educators of Taiwan botanic gardens reveal that efforts have been made to improve the educational function while serving strong recreational demands of the Taiwanese people. Surveys of visitor distribution in two Taiwan botanic gardens identify attractive landscape features and popular activities conducted by users which lead to uneven distribution of visitors on the site. A questionnaire survey of visitors' responses to an exhibition focuses on the detailed relationships between exhibition design and the effectiveness in attraction and informing people. The results shows that "attractive" landscapes do not always need to be beautiful. A panel with an intriguing theme title could directly create a sense of mystery to arouse visitors' interests to explore and participate in the activity. In order to maximise the educational outcome the holistic approach should start from a collaboration of educators and garden designers. Carefully making landscape attractive and narrative has the potential to assist educators to tell stories and send enviromnental messages to the public in Taiwan.
Published: 2001

8. Clinical and Pathological Features of Hydroa Vacciniforme-Like Lymphoproliferative Disorder Along with Risk Factors Indicating Poor Prognosis

Author: Chang,Li, Zhang,Chaoyin, Lu,Jingjing, Shen,Jiahui, Hamal,Krishna, Liu,Donghua, Chang,Li, Zhang,Chaoyin, Lu,Jingjing, Shen,Jiahui, Hamal,Krishna, and Liu,Donghua
Abstract: Li Chang,1,2 Chaoyin Zhang,1 Jingjing Lu,1 Jiahui Shen,1 Krishna Hamal,1 Donghua Liu1,2 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Peopleâs Republic of China; 2Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Nanning, Peopleâs Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Donghua Liu, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuang Yong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, Peopleâs Republic of China, Tel +86 771-5356752, Email ldhgxmu@163.comPurpose: To examine the clinical and pathological features, laboratory markers, therapeutic options and risk factors indicating poor prognosis of hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoproliferative disorder (HVLPD).Patients and Methods: Seven patients with HVLPD had their clinical and pathological data collected. Immunohistochemical staining, Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization experiments, T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement, RT-PCR tests and the Elisa assay were carried out.Results: The main clinical manifestations were papulovesicular lesions and ulcers on the face, neck, or trunk. Five cases had systemic symptoms. Three of the deceased patients had significant facial edema, deep body necrosis, and ulceration. The pathological results demonstrated that lymphocytes infiltrated blood vessels and sweat glands in addition to the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. All patients tested positive for CD3 and EBER. Six cases tested positive for TCRÎ²F1, but none tested positive for TCRÎ´. TCRÎ³ monoclonal rearrangement, strongly positive expression of TIA-1 and a Ki67 proliferation index of 40% occurred in 3 fatal cases. When compared to the survival group, the plasma EBV DNA in the deceased group was considerably higher (P< 0.05). IFN-Î³ and TNF-Î± cytokine levels in patients were higher than in the control group, particularly in the deceased group (P< 0.05). The sk
Published: 2023

9. Mycorrhizal feedbacks influence global forest structure and diversity.

Author: Delavaux, Camille, Delavaux, Camille, LaManna, Joseph, Myers, Jonathan, Phillips, Richard, Aguilar, Salomón, Allen, David, Alonso, Alfonso, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina, Baker, Matthew, Baltzer, Jennifer, Bissiengou, Pulchérie, Bonfim, Mariana, Bourg, Norman, Brockelman, Warren, Burslem, David, Chang, Li-Wan, Chen, Yang, Chiang, Jyh-Min, Chu, Chengjin, Clay, Keith, Cordell, Susan, Cortese, Mary, den Ouden, Jan, Dick, Christopher, Ediriweera, Sisira, Ellis, Erle, Feistner, Anna, Freestone, Amy, Giambelluca, Thomas, Giardina, Christian, He, Fangliang, Holík, Jan, Howe, Robert, Huaraca Huasca, Walter, Hubbell, Stephen, Inman, Faith, Jansen, Patrick, Johnson, Daniel, Kral, Kamil, Larson, Andrew, Litton, Creighton, Lutz, James, Malhi, Yadvinder, McGuire, Krista, McMahon, Sean, McShea, William, Memiaghe, Hervé, Nathalang, Anuttara, Norden, Natalia, Novotny, Vojtech, OBrien, Michael, Orwig, David, Ostertag, Rebecca, Parker, Geoffrey, Pérez, Rolando, Reynolds, Glen, Russo, Sabrina, Sack, Lawren, Šamonil, Pavel, Sun, I-Fang, Swanson, Mark, Thompson, Jill, Uriarte, Maria, Vandermeer, John, Wang, Xihua, Ware, Ian, Weiblen, George, Wolf, Amy, Wu, Shu-Hui, Zimmerman, Jess, Lauber, Thomas, Maynard, Daniel, Crowther, Thomas, Averill, Colin, Gilbert, Gregory|Greg, Delavaux, Camille, Delavaux, Camille, LaManna, Joseph, Myers, Jonathan, Phillips, Richard, Aguilar, Salomón, Allen, David, Alonso, Alfonso, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina, Baker, Matthew, Baltzer, Jennifer, Bissiengou, Pulchérie, Bonfim, Mariana, Bourg, Norman, Brockelman, Warren, Burslem, David, Chang, Li-Wan, Chen, Yang, Chiang, Jyh-Min, Chu, Chengjin, Clay, Keith, Cordell, Susan, Cortese, Mary, den Ouden, Jan, Dick, Christopher, Ediriweera, Sisira, Ellis, Erle, Feistner, Anna, Freestone, Amy, Giambelluca, Thomas, Giardina, Christian, He, Fangliang, Holík, Jan, Howe, Robert, Huaraca Huasca, Walter, Hubbell, Stephen, Inman, Faith, Jansen, Patrick, Johnson, Daniel, Kral, Kamil, Larson, Andrew, Litton, Creighton, Lutz, James, Malhi, Yadvinder, McGuire, Krista, McMahon, Sean, McShea, William, Memiaghe, Hervé, Nathalang, Anuttara, Norden, Natalia, Novotny, Vojtech, OBrien, Michael, Orwig, David, Ostertag, Rebecca, Parker, Geoffrey, Pérez, Rolando, Reynolds, Glen, Russo, Sabrina, Sack, Lawren, Šamonil, Pavel, Sun, I-Fang, Swanson, Mark, Thompson, Jill, Uriarte, Maria, Vandermeer, John, Wang, Xihua, Ware, Ian, Weiblen, George, Wolf, Amy, Wu, Shu-Hui, Zimmerman, Jess, Lauber, Thomas, Maynard, Daniel, Crowther, Thomas, Averill, Colin, and Gilbert, Gregory|Greg
Abstract: One mechanism proposed to explain high species diversity in tropical systems is strong negative conspecific density dependence (CDD), which reduces recruitment of juveniles in proximity to conspecific adult plants. Although evidence shows that plant-specific soil pathogens can drive negative CDD, trees also form key mutualisms with mycorrhizal fungi, which may counteract these effects. Across 43 large-scale forest plots worldwide, we tested whether ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibit weaker negative CDD than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. We further tested for conmycorrhizal density dependence (CMDD) to test for benefit from shared mutualists. We found that the strength of CDD varies systematically with mycorrhizal type, with ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibiting higher sapling densities with increasing adult densities than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. Moreover, we found evidence of positive CMDD for tree species of both mycorrhizal types. Collectively, these findings indicate that mycorrhizal interactions likely play a foundational role in global forest diversity patterns and structure.
Published: 2023

10. High risk of renal outcome of metabolic syndrome independent of diabetes in patients with CKD stage 1–4: The ICKD database

Author: Lin, Hugo Y‐H, Lin, Hugo Y‐H, Chang, Li‐Yun, Niu, Sheng‐Wen, Kuo, I‐Ching, Yen, Chia‐Hung, Shen, Feng‐Ching, Chen, Phang‐Lang, Chang, Jer‐Ming, Hung, Chi‐Chih, Lin, Hugo Y‐H, Lin, Hugo Y‐H, Chang, Li‐Yun, Niu, Sheng‐Wen, Kuo, I‐Ching, Yen, Chia‐Hung, Shen, Feng‐Ching, Chen, Phang‐Lang, Chang, Jer‐Ming, and Hung, Chi‐Chih
Abstract: AimsTo investigate whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) could predict renal outcome in patients with established chronic kidney disease (CKD).Materials and methodsWe enroled 2500 patients with CKD stage 1-4 from the Integrated CKD care programme, Kaohsiung for delaying Dialysis (ICKD) prospective observational study. 66.9% and 49.2% patients had MetS and diabetes (DM), respectively. We accessed three clinical outcomes, including all-cause mortality, RRT, and 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate events.ResultsThe MetS score was positively associated with proteinuria, inflammation, and nutrition markers. In fully adjusted Cox regression, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval) of MetS for composite renal outcome (renal replacement therapy, and 50% decline of renal function) in the DM and non-DM subgroups was 1.56 (1.15-2.12) and 1.31 (1.02-1.70), respectively, while that for all-cause mortality was 1.00 (0.71-1.40) and 1.27 (0.92-1.74). Blood pressure is the most important component of MetS for renal outcomes. In the 2 by 2 matrix, compared with the non-DM/non-MetS group, the DM/MetS group (HR: 1.62 (1.31-2.02)) and the non-DM/MetS group (HR: 1.33 (1.05-1.69)) had higher risks for composite renal outcome, whereas the DM/MetS group had higher risk for all-cause mortality (HR: 1.43 (1.09-1.88)).ConclusionsMetS could predict renal outcome in patients with CKD stage 1-4 independent of DM.
Published: 2023

11. Mycorrhizal feedbacks influence global forest structure and diversity

Author: Delavaux, Camille S., LaManna, Joseph A., Myers, Jonathan A., Phillips, Richard P., Aguilar, Salomón, Allen, David, Alonso, Alfonso, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J., Baker, Matthew E., Baltzer, Jennifer L., Bissiengou, Pulchérie, Bonfim, Mariana, Bourg, Norman A., Brockelman, Warren Y., Burslem, David F.R.P., Chang, Li-Wan, Chen, Yang, Chiang, Jyh-Min, Chu, Chengjin, Clay, Keith, Cordell, Susan, Cortese, Mary, den Ouden, Jan, Dick, Christopher, Ediriweera, Sisira, Ellis, Erle C., Feistner, Anna, Freestone, Amy L., Giambelluca, Thomas, Giardina, Christian P., Gilbert, Gregory S., He, Fangliang, Holík, Jan, Howe, Robert W., Huaraca Huasca, Walter, Hubbell, Stephen P., Inman, Faith, Jansen, Patrick A., Johnson, Daniel J., Kral, Kamil, Larson, Andrew J., Litton, Creighton M., Lutz, James A., Malhi, Yadvinder, McGuire, Krista, McMahon, Sean M., McShea, William J., Memiaghe, Hervé, Nathalang, Anuttara, Norden, Natalia, Novotny, Vojtech, O’Brien, Michael J., Orwig, David A., Ostertag, Rebecca, Parker, Geoffrey G. ('Jess'), Pérez, Rolando, Reynolds, Glen, Russo, Sabrina E., Sack, Lawren, Šamonil, Pavel, Sun, I-Fang, Swanson, Mark E., Thompson, Jill, Uriarte, Maria, Vandermeer, John, Wang, Xihua, Ware, Ian, Weiblen, George D., Wolf, Amy, Wu, Shu-Hui, Zimmerman, Jess K., Lauber, Thomas, Maynard, Daniel S., Crowther, Thomas W., Averill, Colin, Delavaux, Camille S., LaManna, Joseph A., Myers, Jonathan A., Phillips, Richard P., Aguilar, Salomón, Allen, David, Alonso, Alfonso, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J., Baker, Matthew E., Baltzer, Jennifer L., Bissiengou, Pulchérie, Bonfim, Mariana, Bourg, Norman A., Brockelman, Warren Y., Burslem, David F.R.P., Chang, Li-Wan, Chen, Yang, Chiang, Jyh-Min, Chu, Chengjin, Clay, Keith, Cordell, Susan, Cortese, Mary, den Ouden, Jan, Dick, Christopher, Ediriweera, Sisira, Ellis, Erle C., Feistner, Anna, Freestone, Amy L., Giambelluca, Thomas, Giardina, Christian P., Gilbert, Gregory S., He, Fangliang, Holík, Jan, Howe, Robert W., Huaraca Huasca, Walter, Hubbell, Stephen P., Inman, Faith, Jansen, Patrick A., Johnson, Daniel J., Kral, Kamil, Larson, Andrew J., Litton, Creighton M., Lutz, James A., Malhi, Yadvinder, McGuire, Krista, McMahon, Sean M., McShea, William J., Memiaghe, Hervé, Nathalang, Anuttara, Norden, Natalia, Novotny, Vojtech, O’Brien, Michael J., Orwig, David A., Ostertag, Rebecca, Parker, Geoffrey G. ('Jess'), Pérez, Rolando, Reynolds, Glen, Russo, Sabrina E., Sack, Lawren, Šamonil, Pavel, Sun, I-Fang, Swanson, Mark E., Thompson, Jill, Uriarte, Maria, Vandermeer, John, Wang, Xihua, Ware, Ian, Weiblen, George D., Wolf, Amy, Wu, Shu-Hui, Zimmerman, Jess K., Lauber, Thomas, Maynard, Daniel S., Crowther, Thomas W., and Averill, Colin
Abstract: One mechanism proposed to explain high species diversity in tropical systems is strong negative conspecific density dependence (CDD), which reduces recruitment of juveniles in proximity to conspecific adult plants. Although evidence shows that plant-specific soil pathogens can drive negative CDD, trees also form key mutualisms with mycorrhizal fungi, which may counteract these effects. Across 43 large-scale forest plots worldwide, we tested whether ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibit weaker negative CDD than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. We further tested for conmycorrhizal density dependence (CMDD) to test for benefit from shared mutualists. We found that the strength of CDD varies systematically with mycorrhizal type, with ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibiting higher sapling densities with increasing adult densities than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. Moreover, we found evidence of positive CMDD for tree species of both mycorrhizal types. Collectively, these findings indicate that mycorrhizal interactions likely play a foundational role in global forest diversity patterns and structure.
Published: 2023

12. The Pathophysiological Changes and Clinical Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine in ICR Mice with Fluoride-Induced Hepatopathy

Author: Zhang, Shuai, Zheng, Yilei, Du, Hong, Zhang, Wei, Li, Haohuan, Ou, Yangping, Xu, Funeng, Lin, Juchun, Fu, Hualin, Ni, Xueqing, Chang, Li-Jen, Shu, Gang, Zhang, Shuai, Zheng, Yilei, Du, Hong, Zhang, Wei, Li, Haohuan, Ou, Yangping, Xu, Funeng, Lin, Juchun, Fu, Hualin, Ni, Xueqing, Chang, Li-Jen, and Shu, Gang
Abstract: The excessive intake of fluoride, one of the trace elements required to maintain health, leads to liver injury. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine monomer with a good antioxidant and hepatoprotective function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TMP on liver injury induced by acute fluorosis. A total of 60 1-month-old male ICR mice were selected. All mice were randomly divided into five groups: a control (K) group, a model (F) group, a low-dose (LT) group, a medium-dose (MT) group, and a high-dose (HT) group. The control and model groups were given distilled water, while 40 mg/kg (LT), 80 mg/kg (MT), or 160 mg/kg (HT) of TMP was fed by gavage for two weeks, with a maximum gavage volume for the mice of 0.2 mL/10 g/d. Except for the control group, all groups were given fluoride (35 mg/kg) by an intraperitoneal injection on the last day of the experiment. The results of this study showed that, compared with the model group, TMP alleviated the pathological changes in the liver induced by the fluoride and improved the ultrastructure of liver cells; TMP significantly decreased the levels of ALT, AST, and MDA (p < 0.05) and increased the levels of T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH (p < 0.05). The results of mRNA detection showed that TMP significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, CAT, GSH-Px, and SOD in the liver compared with the model group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, TMP can inhibit oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 pathway and alleviate the liver injury induced by fluoride.
Published: 2023

13. Effects of Dietary Ferulic Acid on Intestinal Health and Ileal Microbiota of Tianfu Broilers Challenged with Lipopolysaccharide

Author: Tang, Ziting, Shu, Gang, Du, Hong, Zheng, Yilei, Fu, Hualin, Zhang, Wei, Lv, Cheng, Xu, Funeng, Li, Haohuan, Ouyang, Ping, Lin, Juchun, Chang, Li-Jen, Amevor, Felix Kwame, Zhao, Xiaoling, Tang, Ziting, Shu, Gang, Du, Hong, Zheng, Yilei, Fu, Hualin, Zhang, Wei, Lv, Cheng, Xu, Funeng, Li, Haohuan, Ouyang, Ping, Lin, Juchun, Chang, Li-Jen, Amevor, Felix Kwame, and Zhao, Xiaoling
Abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been considered the primary agent to establish animal models of inflammation, immunological stress, and organ injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that LPS impaired gastrointestinal development and disrupted intestinal microbial composition and metabolism. Ferulic acid (FA) isolated from multiple plants exhibits multiple biological activities. This study investigated whether FA ameliorated intestinal function and microflora in LPS-challenged Tianfu broilers. The results showed that LPS challenge impaired intestinal function, as evidenced by decreased antioxidant functions (p < 0.05), disrupted morphological structure (p < 0.05), and increased intestinal permeability (p < 0.05); however, these adverse effects were improved by FA supplementation. Additionally, FA supplementation preserved sIgA levels (p < 0.05), increased mRNA expression levels of CLDN and ZO-1 (p < 0.05), and enhanced epithelial proliferation (p < 0.05) in the ileal mucosa in LPS-challenged chickens. Moreover, FA supplementation rectified the ileal microflora disturbances in the LPS-challenged broilers. The results demonstrate that dietary FA supplementation decreased LPS-induced intestinal damage by enhancing antioxidant capacity and maintaining intestinal integrity. Furthermore, FA supplementation protects intestinal tight junctions (TJs), elevates secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels, and modulates ileal microflora composition in LPS-challenged broilers.
Published: 2023

14. Multi-ancestry genetic study of type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation

Author: Mahajan, Anubha, Spracklen, Cassandra N., Zhang, Weihua, Ng, Maggie C. Y., Petty, Lauren E., Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Yu, Grace Z., Rueger, Sina, Speidel, Leo, Kim, Young Jin, Horikoshi, Momoko, Mercader, Josep M., Taliun, Daniel, Moon, Sanghoon, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Robertson, Neil R., Rayner, Nigel W., Loh, Marie, Kim, Bong-Jo, Chiou, Joshua, Miguel-Escalada, Irene, Parolo, Pietro della Briotta, Lin, Kuang, Bragg, Fiona, Preuss, Michael H., Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Nano, Jana, Guo, Xiuqing, Lamri, Amel, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Scott, Robert A., Lee, Jung-Jin, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, Graff, Mariaelisa, Chai, Jin-Fang, Parra, Esteban J., Yao, Jie, Bielak, Lawrence F., Tabara, Yasuharu, Hai, Yang, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Cook, James P., Kals, Mart, Grarup, Niels, Schmidt, Ellen M., Pan, Ian, Sofer, Tamar, Wuttke, Matthias, Sarnowski, Chloe, Gieger, Christian, Nousome, Darryl, Trompet, Stella, Long, Jirong, Sun, Meng, Tong, Lin, Chen, Wei-Min, Ahmad, Meraj, Noordam, Raymond, Lim, Victor J. Y., Tam, Claudia H. T., Joo, Yoonjung Yoonie, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Raffield, Laura M., Lecoeur, Cecile, Prins, Bram Peter, Nicolas, Aude, Yanek, Lisa R., Chen, Guanjie, Jensen, Richard A., Tajuddin, Salman, Kabagambe, Edmond K., An, Ping, Xiang, Anny H., Choi, Hyeok Sun, Cade, Brian E., Tan, Jingyi, Flanagan, Jack, Abaitua, Fernando, Adair, Linda S., Adeyemo, Adebowale, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Akiyama, Masato, Anand, Sonia S., Bertoni, Alain, Bian, Zheng, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Brody, Jennifer A., Brummett, Chad M., Buchanan, Thomas A., Canouil, Mickael, Chan, Juliana C. N., Chang, Li-Ching, Chee, Miao-Li, Chen, Ji, Chen, Shyh-Huei, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Chen, Zhengming, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Cushman, Mary, Das, Swapan K., de Silva, H. Janaka, Dedoussis, George, Dimitrov, Latchezar, Doumatey, Ayo P., Du, Shufa, Duan, Qing, Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Emery, Leslie S., Evans, Daniel S., Evans, Michele K., Fischer, Krista, Floyd, James S., Ford, Ian, Fornage, Myriam, Franco, Oscar H., Frayling, Timothy M., Freedman, Barry, I, Fuchsberger, Christian, Genter, Pauline, Gerstein, Hertzel C., Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio, Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria Elena, Goodarzi, Mark O., Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gorkin, David, Gross, Myron, Guo, Yu, Hackinger, Sophie, Han, Sohee, Hattersley, Andrew T., Herder, Christian, Howard, Annie-Green, Hsueh, Willa, Huang, Mengna, Huang, Wei, Hung, Yi-Jen, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Hwu, Chii-Min, Ichihara, Sahoko, Ikram, Mohammad Arfan, Ingelsson, Martin, Islam, Md Tariqul, Isono, Masato, Jang, Hye-Mi, Jasmine, Farzana, Jiang, Guozhi, Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Marit E., Jorgensen, Torben, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kandeel, Fouad R., Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Kaur, Varinderpal, Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Keaton, Jacob M., Kho, Abel N., Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kibriya, Muhammad G., Kim, Duk-Hwan, Kohara, Katsuhiko, Kriebel, Jennifer, Kronenberg, Florian, Kuusisto, Johanna, Lall, Kristi, Lange, Leslie A., Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Nanette R., Leong, Aaron, Li, Liming, Li, Yun, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Ligthart, Symen, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Jianjun, Locke, Adam E., Louie, Tin, Luan, Jian'an, Luk, Andrea O., Luo, Xi, Lv, Jun, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Mamakou, Vasiliki, Mani, K. Radha, Meitinger, Thomas, Metspalu, Andres, Morris, Andrew D., Nadkarni, Girish N., Nadler, Jerry L., Nalls, Michael A., Nayak, Uma, Nongmaithem, Suraj S., Ntalla, Ioanna, Okada, Yukinori, Orozco, Lorena, Patel, Sanjay R., Pereira, Mark A., Peters, Annette, Pirie, Fraser J., Porneala, Bianca, Prasad, Gauri, Preissl, Sebastian, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J., Reiner, Alexander P., Roden, Michael, Rohde, Rebecca, Roll, Kathryn, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sander, Maike, Sandow, Kevin, Sattar, Naveed, Schonherr, Sebastian, Schurmann, Claudia, Shahriar, Mohammad, Shi, Jinxiu, Shin, Dong Mun, Shriner, Daniel, Smith, Jennifer A., So, Wing Yee, Stancakova, Alena, Stilp, Adrienne M., Strauch, Konstantin, Suzuki, Ken, Takahashi, Atsushi, Taylor, Kent D., Thorand, Barbara, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Tomlinson, Brian, Torres, Jason M., Tsai, Fuu-Jen, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tusie-Luna, Teresa, Udler, Miriam S., Valladares-Salgado, Adan, van Dam, Rob M., van Klinken, Jan B., Varma, Rohit, Vujkovic, Marijana, Wacher-Rodarte, Niels, Wheeler, Eleanor, Whitsel, Eric A., Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., van Dijk, Ko Willems, Witte, Daniel R., Yajnik, Chittaranjan S., Yamamoto, Ken, Yamauchi, Toshimasa, Yengo, Loic, Yoon, Kyungheon, Yu, Canqing, Yuan, Jian-Min, Yusuf, Salim, Zhang, Liang, Zheng, Wei, Raffel, Leslie J., Igase, Michiya, Ipp, Eli, Redline, Susan, Cho, Yoon Shin, Lind, Lars, Province, Michael A., Hanis, Craig L., Peyser, Patricia A., Ingelsson, Erik, Zonderman, Alan B., Psaty, Bruce M., Wang, Ya-Xing, Rotimi, Charles N., Becker, Diane M., Matsuda, Fumihiko, Liu, Yongmei, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Rich, Stephen S., Kooperberg, Charles, Pankow, James S., Engert, James C., Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Froguel, Philippe, Wilson, James G., Sheu, Wayne H. H., Kardia, Sharon L. R., Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Hayes, M. Geoffrey, Ma, Ronald C. W., Wong, Tien-Yin, Groop, Leif, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Chandak, Giriraj R., Collins, Francis S., Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Pare, Guillaume, Sale, Michele M., Ahsan, Habibul, Motala, Ayesha A., Shu, Xiao-Ou, Park, Kyong-Soo, Jukema, J. Wouter, Cruz, Miguel, McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Grallert, Harald, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Bottinger, Erwin P., Dehghan, Abbas, Tai, E-Shyong, Dupuis, Josee, Kato, Norihiro, Laakso, Markku, Kottgen, Anna, Koh, Woon-Puay, Palmer, Colin N. A., Liu, Simin, Abecasis, Goncalo, Kooner, Jaspal S., Loos, Ruth J. F., North, Kari E., Haiman, Christopher A., Florez, Jose C., Saleheen, Danish, Hansen, Torben, Pedersen, Oluf, Magi, Reedik, Langenberg, Claudia, Wareham, Nicholas J., Maeda, Shiro, Kadowaki, Takashi, Lee, Juyoung, Millwood, Iona Y., Walters, Robin G., Stefansson, Kari, Myers, Simon R., Ferrer, Jorge, Gaulton, Kyle J., Meigs, James B., Mohlke, Karen L., Gloyn, Anna L., Bowden, Donald W., Below, Jennifer E., Chambers, John C., Sim, Xueling, Boehnke, Michael, Rotter, Jerome, I, McCarthy, Mark, I, Morris, Andrew P., Mahajan, Anubha, Spracklen, Cassandra N., Zhang, Weihua, Ng, Maggie C. Y., Petty, Lauren E., Kitajima, Hidetoshi, Yu, Grace Z., Rueger, Sina, Speidel, Leo, Kim, Young Jin, Horikoshi, Momoko, Mercader, Josep M., Taliun, Daniel, Moon, Sanghoon, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Robertson, Neil R., Rayner, Nigel W., Loh, Marie, Kim, Bong-Jo, Chiou, Joshua, Miguel-Escalada, Irene, Parolo, Pietro della Briotta, Lin, Kuang, Bragg, Fiona, Preuss, Michael H., Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Nano, Jana, Guo, Xiuqing, Lamri, Amel, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Scott, Robert A., Lee, Jung-Jin, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, Graff, Mariaelisa, Chai, Jin-Fang, Parra, Esteban J., Yao, Jie, Bielak, Lawrence F., Tabara, Yasuharu, Hai, Yang, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Cook, James P., Kals, Mart, Grarup, Niels, Schmidt, Ellen M., Pan, Ian, Sofer, Tamar, Wuttke, Matthias, Sarnowski, Chloe, Gieger, Christian, Nousome, Darryl, Trompet, Stella, Long, Jirong, Sun, Meng, Tong, Lin, Chen, Wei-Min, Ahmad, Meraj, Noordam, Raymond, Lim, Victor J. Y., Tam, Claudia H. T., Joo, Yoonjung Yoonie, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Raffield, Laura M., Lecoeur, Cecile, Prins, Bram Peter, Nicolas, Aude, Yanek, Lisa R., Chen, Guanjie, Jensen, Richard A., Tajuddin, Salman, Kabagambe, Edmond K., An, Ping, Xiang, Anny H., Choi, Hyeok Sun, Cade, Brian E., Tan, Jingyi, Flanagan, Jack, Abaitua, Fernando, Adair, Linda S., Adeyemo, Adebowale, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Akiyama, Masato, Anand, Sonia S., Bertoni, Alain, Bian, Zheng, Bork-Jensen, Jette, Brandslund, Ivan, Brody, Jennifer A., Brummett, Chad M., Buchanan, Thomas A., Canouil, Mickael, Chan, Juliana C. N., Chang, Li-Ching, Chee, Miao-Li, Chen, Ji, Chen, Shyh-Huei, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Chen, Zhengming, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Cushman, Mary, Das, Swapan K., de Silva, H. Janaka, Dedoussis, George, Dimitrov, Latchezar, Doumatey, Ayo P., Du, Shufa, Duan, Qing, Eckardt, Kai-Uwe, Emery, Leslie S., Evans, Daniel S., Evans, Michele K., Fischer, Krista, Floyd, James S., Ford, Ian, Fornage, Myriam, Franco, Oscar H., Frayling, Timothy M., Freedman, Barry, I, Fuchsberger, Christian, Genter, Pauline, Gerstein, Hertzel C., Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio, Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria Elena, Goodarzi, Mark O., Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gorkin, David, Gross, Myron, Guo, Yu, Hackinger, Sophie, Han, Sohee, Hattersley, Andrew T., Herder, Christian, Howard, Annie-Green, Hsueh, Willa, Huang, Mengna, Huang, Wei, Hung, Yi-Jen, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Hwu, Chii-Min, Ichihara, Sahoko, Ikram, Mohammad Arfan, Ingelsson, Martin, Islam, Md Tariqul, Isono, Masato, Jang, Hye-Mi, Jasmine, Farzana, Jiang, Guozhi, Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Marit E., Jorgensen, Torben, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kandeel, Fouad R., Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Kaur, Varinderpal, Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Keaton, Jacob M., Kho, Abel N., Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kibriya, Muhammad G., Kim, Duk-Hwan, Kohara, Katsuhiko, Kriebel, Jennifer, Kronenberg, Florian, Kuusisto, Johanna, Lall, Kristi, Lange, Leslie A., Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Nanette R., Leong, Aaron, Li, Liming, Li, Yun, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Ligthart, Symen, Lindgren, Cecilia M., Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Jianjun, Locke, Adam E., Louie, Tin, Luan, Jian'an, Luk, Andrea O., Luo, Xi, Lv, Jun, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Mamakou, Vasiliki, Mani, K. Radha, Meitinger, Thomas, Metspalu, Andres, Morris, Andrew D., Nadkarni, Girish N., Nadler, Jerry L., Nalls, Michael A., Nayak, Uma, Nongmaithem, Suraj S., Ntalla, Ioanna, Okada, Yukinori, Orozco, Lorena, Patel, Sanjay R., Pereira, Mark A., Peters, Annette, Pirie, Fraser J., Porneala, Bianca, Prasad, Gauri, Preissl, Sebastian, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J., Reiner, Alexander P., Roden, Michael, Rohde, Rebecca, Roll, Kathryn, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sander, Maike, Sandow, Kevin, Sattar, Naveed, Schonherr, Sebastian, Schurmann, Claudia, Shahriar, Mohammad, Shi, Jinxiu, Shin, Dong Mun, Shriner, Daniel, Smith, Jennifer A., So, Wing Yee, Stancakova, Alena, Stilp, Adrienne M., Strauch, Konstantin, Suzuki, Ken, Takahashi, Atsushi, Taylor, Kent D., Thorand, Barbara, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Tomlinson, Brian, Torres, Jason M., Tsai, Fuu-Jen, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tusie-Luna, Teresa, Udler, Miriam S., Valladares-Salgado, Adan, van Dam, Rob M., van Klinken, Jan B., Varma, Rohit, Vujkovic, Marijana, Wacher-Rodarte, Niels, Wheeler, Eleanor, Whitsel, Eric A., Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., van Dijk, Ko Willems, Witte, Daniel R., Yajnik, Chittaranjan S., Yamamoto, Ken, Yamauchi, Toshimasa, Yengo, Loic, Yoon, Kyungheon, Yu, Canqing, Yuan, Jian-Min, Yusuf, Salim, Zhang, Liang, Zheng, Wei, Raffel, Leslie J., Igase, Michiya, Ipp, Eli, Redline, Susan, Cho, Yoon Shin, Lind, Lars, Province, Michael A., Hanis, Craig L., Peyser, Patricia A., Ingelsson, Erik, Zonderman, Alan B., Psaty, Bruce M., Wang, Ya-Xing, Rotimi, Charles N., Becker, Diane M., Matsuda, Fumihiko, Liu, Yongmei, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Rich, Stephen S., Kooperberg, Charles, Pankow, James S., Engert, James C., Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Froguel, Philippe, Wilson, James G., Sheu, Wayne H. H., Kardia, Sharon L. R., Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Hayes, M. Geoffrey, Ma, Ronald C. W., Wong, Tien-Yin, Groop, Leif, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Chandak, Giriraj R., Collins, Francis S., Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Pare, Guillaume, Sale, Michele M., Ahsan, Habibul, Motala, Ayesha A., Shu, Xiao-Ou, Park, Kyong-Soo, Jukema, J. Wouter, Cruz, Miguel, McKean-Cowdin, Roberta, Grallert, Harald, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Bottinger, Erwin P., Dehghan, Abbas, Tai, E-Shyong, Dupuis, Josee, Kato, Norihiro, Laakso, Markku, Kottgen, Anna, Koh, Woon-Puay, Palmer, Colin N. A., Liu, Simin, Abecasis, Goncalo, Kooner, Jaspal S., Loos, Ruth J. F., North, Kari E., Haiman, Christopher A., Florez, Jose C., Saleheen, Danish, Hansen, Torben, Pedersen, Oluf, Magi, Reedik, Langenberg, Claudia, Wareham, Nicholas J., Maeda, Shiro, Kadowaki, Takashi, Lee, Juyoung, Millwood, Iona Y., Walters, Robin G., Stefansson, Kari, Myers, Simon R., Ferrer, Jorge, Gaulton, Kyle J., Meigs, James B., Mohlke, Karen L., Gloyn, Anna L., Bowden, Donald W., Below, Jennifer E., Chambers, John C., Sim, Xueling, Boehnke, Michael, Rotter, Jerome, I, McCarthy, Mark, I, and Morris, Andrew P.
Abstract: We assembled an ancestrally diverse collection of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 180,834 affected individuals and 1,159,055 controls (48.9% non-European descent) through the Diabetes Meta-Analysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) Consortium. Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identified 237 loci attaining stringent genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-9)), which were delineated to 338 distinct association signals. Fine-mapping of these signals was enhanced by the increased sample size and expanded population diversity of the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, which localized 54.4% of T2D associations to a single variant with >50% posterior probability. This improved fine-mapping enabled systematic assessment of candidate causal genes and molecular mechanisms through which T2D associations are mediated, laying the foundations for functional investigations. Multi-ancestry genetic risk scores enhanced transferability of T2D prediction across diverse populations. Our study provides a step toward more effective clinical translation of T2D GWAS to improve global health for all, irrespective of genetic background. Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.
Published: 2022
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15. Pollinator-flower interactions in gardens during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown of 2020

Author: UCL - SST/ELI/ELIB - Biodiversity, Ollerton, Jeff, Trunschke, Judith, Havens, Kayri, Landaverde-González, Patricia, Keller, Alexander, Gilpin, Amy-Marie, Rodrigo Rech, André, Baronio, Gudryan J., Phillips, Benjamin J., Mackin, Chris, Stanley, Dara A., Treanore, Erin, Baker, Ellen, Rotheray, Ellen L., Erickson, Emily, Fornoff, Felix, Brearley, Francis Q., Ballantyne, Gavin, Iossa, Graziella, Stone, Graham N., Bartomeus, Ignasi, Stockan, Jenni A., Leguizamón, Johana, Prendergast, Kit, Rowley, Lisa, Giovanetti, Manuela, de Oliveira Bueno, Raquel, Wesselingh, Renate A., Mallinger, Rachel, Edmondson, Sally, Howard, Scarlett R., Leonhardt, Sara D., Rojas-Nossa, Sandra V., Brett, Maisie, Joaqui, Tatiana, Antoniazzi, Reuber, Burton, Victoria J., Feng, Hui-Hui, Tian, Zhi-Xi, Xu, Qi, Zhang, Chuan, Shi, Chang-Li, Huang, Shuang-Quan, Cole, Lorna J., Bendifallah, Leila, Ellis, Emilie E., Hegland, Stein Joar, Straffon Díaz, Sara, Lander, Tonya, Mayr, Antonia V., Katzer, Sophie, Dawson, Richard, Eeraerts, Maxime, Armbruster, W. Scott, Walton, Becky, Adjlane, Noureddine, Falk, Steven, Mata, Luis, Goncalves Geiger, Anya, Carvell, Claire, Ratto, Fabrizia, Barberis, Marta, Kahane, Fay, Connop, Stuart, Stip, Anthonie, Sigrist, Maria Rosangela, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Baldock, Katherine C.R., Arnold, Sarah E.J., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIB - Biodiversity, Ollerton, Jeff, Trunschke, Judith, Havens, Kayri, Landaverde-González, Patricia, Keller, Alexander, Gilpin, Amy-Marie, Rodrigo Rech, André, Baronio, Gudryan J., Phillips, Benjamin J., Mackin, Chris, Stanley, Dara A., Treanore, Erin, Baker, Ellen, Rotheray, Ellen L., Erickson, Emily, Fornoff, Felix, Brearley, Francis Q., Ballantyne, Gavin, Iossa, Graziella, Stone, Graham N., Bartomeus, Ignasi, Stockan, Jenni A., Leguizamón, Johana, Prendergast, Kit, Rowley, Lisa, Giovanetti, Manuela, de Oliveira Bueno, Raquel, Wesselingh, Renate A., Mallinger, Rachel, Edmondson, Sally, Howard, Scarlett R., Leonhardt, Sara D., Rojas-Nossa, Sandra V., Brett, Maisie, Joaqui, Tatiana, Antoniazzi, Reuber, Burton, Victoria J., Feng, Hui-Hui, Tian, Zhi-Xi, Xu, Qi, Zhang, Chuan, Shi, Chang-Li, Huang, Shuang-Quan, Cole, Lorna J., Bendifallah, Leila, Ellis, Emilie E., Hegland, Stein Joar, Straffon Díaz, Sara, Lander, Tonya, Mayr, Antonia V., Katzer, Sophie, Dawson, Richard, Eeraerts, Maxime, Armbruster, W. Scott, Walton, Becky, Adjlane, Noureddine, Falk, Steven, Mata, Luis, Goncalves Geiger, Anya, Carvell, Claire, Ratto, Fabrizia, Barberis, Marta, Kahane, Fay, Connop, Stuart, Stip, Anthonie, Sigrist, Maria Rosangela, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Baldock, Katherine C.R., and Arnold, Sarah E.J.
Abstract: During the main COVID-19 global pandemic lockdown period of 2020 an impromptu set of pollination ecologists came together via social media and personal contacts to carry out standardised surveys of the flower visits and plants in gardens. The surveys involved 67 rural, suburban and urban gardens, of various sizes, ranging from 61.18° North in Norway to 37.96° South in Australia, resulting in a data set of 25,174 rows, with each row being a unique interaction record for that date/site/plant species, and comprising almost 47,000 visits to flowers, as well as records of flowers that were not visited by pollinators, for over 1,000 species and varieties belonging to more than 460 genera and 96 plant families. The more than 650 species of flower visitors belong to 12 orders of invertebrates and four of vertebrates. In this first publication from the project, we present a brief description of the data and make it freely available for any researchers to use in the future, the only restriction being that they cite this paper in the first instance. The data generated from these global surveys will provide scientific evidence to help us understand the role that private gardens (in urban, rural and suburban areas) can play in conserving insect pollinators and identify management actions to enhance their potential.
Published: 2022

16. A saturated map of common genetic variants associated with human height

Author: Yengo, Loïc, Vedantam, Sailaja, Marouli, Eirini, Sidorenko, Julia, Bartell, Eric, Sakaue, Saori, Graff, Marielisa, Eliasen, Anders U., Jiang, Yunxuan, Raghavan, Sridharan, Miao, Jenkai, Arias, Joshua D., Graham, Sarah E., Mukamel, Ronen E., Spracklen, Cassandra N., Yin, Xianyong, Chen, Shyh-Huei, Ferreira, Teresa, Highland, Heather H., Ji, Yingjie, Karaderi, Tugce, Lin, Kuang, Lüll, Kreete, Malden, Deborah E., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Machado, Moara, Moore, Amy, Rüeger, Sina, Sim, Xueling, Vrieze, Scott, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Akiyama, Masato, Allison, Matthew A., Alvarez, Marcus, Andersen, Mette K., Ani, Alireza, Appadurai, Vivek, Arbeeva, Liubov, Bhaskar, Seema, Bielak, Lawrence F., Bollepalli, Sailalitha, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bradfield, Jonathan P., Bradford, Yuki, Braund, Peter S., Brody, Jennifer A., Burgdorf, Kristoffer S., Cade, Brian E., Cai, Hui, Cai, Qiuyin, Campbell, Archie, Cañadas-Garre, Marisa, Catamo, Eulalia, Chai, Jin-Fang, Chai, Xiaoran, Chang, Li-Ching, Chang, Yi-Cheng, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Chesi, Alessandra, Choi, Seung Hoan, Chung, Ren-Hua, Cocca, Massimiliano, Concas, Maria Pina, Couture, Christian, Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel, Danning, Rebecca, Daw, E. Warwick, Degenhard, Frauke, Delgado, Graciela E., Delitala, Alessandro, Demirkan, Ayse, Deng, Xuan, Devineni, Poornima, Dietl, Alexander, Dimitriou, Maria, Dimitrov, Latchezar, Dorajoo, Rajkumar, Ekici, Arif B., Engmann, Jorgen E., Fairhurst-Hunter, Zammy, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Faul, Jessica D., Fernandez-Lopez, Juan-Carlos, Forer, Lukas, Francescatto, Margherita, Freitag-Wolf, Sandra, Fuchsberger, Christian, Galesloot, Tessel E., Gao, Yan, Gao, Zishan, Geller, Frank, Giannakopoulou, Olga, Giulianini, Franco, Gjesing, Anette P., Goel, Anuj, Gordon, Scott D., Gorski, Mathias, Grove, Jakob, Guo, Xiuqing, Gustafsson, Stefan, Haessler, Jeffrey, Hansen, Thomas F., Havulinna, Aki S., Haworth, Simon J., He, Jing, Heard-Costa, Nancy, Hebbar, Prashantha, Hindy, George, Ho, Yuk-Lam A., Hofer, Edith, Holliday, Elizabeth, Horn, Katrin, Hornsby, Whitney E., Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Huang, Hongyan, Huang, Jie, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, Huffman, Jennifer E., Hung, Yi-Jen, Huo, Shaofeng, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Iha, Hiroyuki, Ikeda, Daisuke D., Isono, Masato, Jackson, Anne U., Jäger, Susanne, Jansen, Iris E., Johansson, Ingegerd, Jonas, Jost B., Jonsson, Anna, Jørgensen, Torben, Kalafati, Ioanna-Panagiota, Kanai, Masahiro, Kanoni, Stavroula, Kårhus, Line L., Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Kember, Rachel L., Kentistou, Katherine A., Kim, Han-Na, Kim, Young Jin, Kleber, Marcus E., Knol, Maria J., Kurbasic, Azra, Lauzon, Marie, Le, Phuong, Lea, Rodney, Lee, Jong-Young, Leonard, Hampton L., Li, Shengchao A., Li, Xiaohui, Li, Xiaoyin, Liang, Jingjing, Lin, Honghuang, Lin, Shih-Yi, Liu, Jun, Liu, Xueping, Lo, Ken Sin, Long, Jirong, Lores-Motta, Laura, Luan, Jian’an, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Mahajan, Anubha, Mamakou, Vasiliki, Mangino, Massimo, Manichaikul, Ani, Marten, Jonathan, Mattheisen, Manuel, Mavarani, Laven, McDaid, Aaron F., Meidtner, Karina, Melendez, Tori L., Mercader, Josep M., Milaneschi, Yuri, Miller, Jason E., Millwood, Iona Y., Mishra, Pashupati P., Mitchell, Ruth E., Møllehave, Line T., Morgan, Anna, Mucha, Soeren, Munz, Matthias, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Nelson, Christopher P., Nethander, Maria, Nho, Chu Won, Nielsen, Aneta A., Nolte, Ilja M., Nongmaithem, Suraj S., Noordam, Raymond, Ntalla, Ioanna, Nutile, Teresa, Pandit, Anita, Christofidou, Paraskevi, Pärna, Katri, Pauper, Marc, Petersen, Eva R. B., Petersen, Liselotte V., Pitkänen, Niina, Polašek, Ozren, Poveda, Alaitz, Preuss, Michael H., Pyarajan, Saiju, Raffield, Laura M., Rakugi, Hiromi, Ramirez, Julia, Rasheed, Asif, Raven, Dennis, Rayner, Nigel W., Riveros, Carlos, Rohde, Rebecca, Ruggiero, Daniela, Ruotsalainen, Sanni E., Ryan, Kathleen A., Sabater-Lleal, Maria, Saxena, Richa, Scholz, Markus, Sendamarai, Anoop, Shen, Botong, Shi, Jingchunzi, Shin, Jae Hun, Sidore, Carlo, Sitlani, Colleen M., Slieker, Roderick C., Smit, Roelof A. J., Smith, Albert V., Smith, Jennifer A., Smyth, Laura J., Southam, Lorraine, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Sun, Liang, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Tallapragada, Divya Sri Priyanka, Taylor, Kent D., Tayo, Bamidele O., Tcheandjieu, Catherine, Terzikhan, Natalie, Tesolin, Paola, Teumer, Alexander, Theusch, Elizabeth, Thompson, Deborah J., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Timmers, Paul R. H. J., Trompet, Stella, Turman, Constance, Vaccargiu, Simona, van der Laan, Sander W., van der Most, Peter J., van Klinken, Jan B., van Setten, Jessica, Verma, Shefali S., Verweij, Niek, Veturi, Yogasudha, Wang, Carol A., Wang, Chaolong, Wang, Lihua, Wang, Zhe, Warren, Helen R., Bin Wei, Wen, Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., Wielscher, Matthias, Wiggins, Kerri L., Winsvold, Bendik S., Wong, Andrew, Wu, Yang, Wuttke, Matthias, Xia, Rui, Xie, Tian, Yamamoto, Ken, Yang, Jingyun, Yao, Jie, Young, Hannah, Yousri, Noha A., Yu, Lei, Zeng, Lingyao, Zhang, Weihua, Zhang, Xinyuan, Zhao, Jing-Hua, Zhao, Wei, Zhou, Wei, Zimmermann, Martina E., Zoledziewska, Magdalena, Adair, Linda S., Adams, Hieab H. H., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Al-Mulla, Fahd, Arnett, Donna K., Asselbergs, Folkert W., Åsvold, Bjørn Olav, Attia, John, Banas, Bernhard, Bandinelli, Stefania, Bennett, David A., Bergler, Tobias, Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Biino, Ginevra, Bisgaard, Hans, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A., Bønnelykke, Klaus, Boomsma, Dorret I., Børglum, Anders D., Borja, Judith B., Bouchard, Claude, Bowden, Donald W., Brandslund, Ivan, Brumpton, Ben, Buring, Julie E., Caulfield, Mark J., Chambers, John C., Chandak, Giriraj R., Chanock, Stephen J., Chaturvedi, Nish, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Christophersen, Ingrid E., Ciullo, Marina, Cole, John W., Collins, Francis S., Cooper, Richard S., Cruz, Miguel, Cucca, Francesco, Cupples, L. Adrienne, Cutler, Michael J., Damrauer, Scott M., Dantoft, Thomas M., de Borst, Gert J., de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M., De Jager, Philip L., de Kleijn, Dominique P. V., Janaka de Silva, H., Dedoussis, George V., den Hollander, Anneke I., Du, Shufa, Easton, Douglas F., Elders, Petra J. M., Eliassen, A. Heather, Ellinor, Patrick T., Elmståhl, Sölve, Erdmann, Jeanette, Evans, Michele K., Fatkin, Diane, Feenstra, Bjarke, Feitosa, Mary F., Ferrucci, Luigi, Ford, Ian, Fornage, Myriam, Franke, Andre, Franks, Paul W., Freedman, Barry I., Gasparini, Paolo, Gieger, Christian, Girotto, Giorgia, Goddard, Michael E., Golightly, Yvonne M., Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Grallert, Harald, Grant, Struan F. A., Grarup, Niels, Griffiths, Lyn, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Haiman, Christopher, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hansen, Torben, Hartman, Catharina A., Hattersley, Andrew T., Hayward, Caroline, Heckbert, Susan R., Heng, Chew-Kiat, Hengstenberg, Christian, Hewitt, Alex W., Hishigaki, Haretsugu, Hoyng, Carel B., Huang, Paul L., Huang, Wei, Hunt, Steven C., Hveem, Kristian, Hyppönen, Elina, Iacono, William G., Ichihara, Sahoko, Ikram, M. Arfan, Isasi, Carmen R., Jackson, Rebecca D., Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jin, Zi-Bing, Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, Joshi, Peter K., Jousilahti, Pekka, Jukema, J. Wouter, Kähönen, Mika, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kang, Kui Dong, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Karpe, Fredrik, Kato, Norihiro, Kee, Frank, Kessler, Thorsten, Khera, Amit V., Khor, Chiea Chuen, Kiemeney, Lambertus A. L. M., Kim, Bong-Jo, Kim, Eung Kweon, Kim, Hyung-Lae, Kirchhof, Paulus, Kivimaki, Mika, Koh, Woon-Puay, Koistinen, Heikki A., Kolovou, Genovefa D., Kooner, Jaspal S., Kooperberg, Charles, Köttgen, Anna, Kovacs, Peter, Kraaijeveld, Adriaan, Kraft, Peter, Krauss, Ronald M., Kumari, Meena, Kutalik, Zoltan, Laakso, Markku, Lange, Leslie A., Langenberg, Claudia, Launer, Lenore J., Le Marchand, Loic, Lee, Hyejin, Lee, Nanette R., Lehtimäki, Terho, Li, Huaixing, Li, Liming, Lieb, Wolfgang, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Jianjun, Loeffler, Markus, London, Barry, Lubitz, Steven A., Lye, Stephen J., Mackey, David A., Mägi, Reedik, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Marcus, Gregory M., Vidal, Pedro Marques, Martin, Nicholas G., März, Winfried, Matsuda, Fumihiko, McGarrah, Robert W., McGue, Matt, McKnight, Amy Jayne, Medland, Sarah E., Mellström, Dan, Metspalu, Andres, Mitchell, Braxton D., Mitchell, Paul, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Morris, Andrew D., Mucci, Lorelei A., Munroe, Patricia B., Nalls, Mike A., Nazarian, Saman, Nelson, Amanda E., Neville, Matt J., Newton-Cheh, Christopher, Nielsen, Christopher S., Nöthen, Markus M., Ohlsson, Claes, Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Orozco, Lorena, Pahkala, Katja, Pajukanta, Päivi, Palmer, Colin N. A., Parra, Esteban J., Pattaro, Cristian, Pedersen, Oluf, Pennell, Craig E., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Perusse, Louis, Peters, Annette, Peyser, Patricia A., Porteous, David J., Posthuma, Danielle, Power, Chris, Pramstaller, Peter P., Province, Michael A., Qi, Qibin, Qu, Jia, Rader, Daniel J., Raitakari, Olli T., Ralhan, Sarju, Rallidis, Loukianos S., Rao, Dabeeru C., Redline, Susan, Reilly, Dermot F., Reiner, Alexander P., Rhee, Sang Youl, Ridker, Paul M., Rienstra, Michiel, Ripatti, Samuli, Ritchie, Marylyn D., Roden, Dan M., Rosendaal, Frits R., Rotter, Jerome I., Rudan, Igor, Rutters, Femke, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Saleheen, Danish, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J., Sanghera, Dharambir K., Sattar, Naveed, Schmidt, Börge, Schmidt, Helena, Schmidt, Reinhold, Schulze, Matthias B., Schunkert, Heribert, Scott, Laura J., Scott, Rodney J., Sever, Peter, Shiroma, Eric J., Shoemaker, M. Benjamin, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Simonsick, Eleanor M., Sims, Mario, Singh, Jai Rup, Singleton, Andrew B., Sinner, Moritz F., Smith, J. Gustav, Snieder, Harold, Spector, Tim D., Stampfer, Meir J., Stark, Klaus J., Strachan, David P., ‘t Hart, Leen M., Tabara, Yasuharu, Tang, Hua, Tardif, Jean-Claude, Thanaraj, Thangavel A., Timpson, Nicholas J., Tönjes, Anke, Tremblay, Angelo, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tusié-Luna, Maria-Teresa, Uitterlinden, Andre G., van Dam, Rob M., van der Harst, Pim, Van der Velde, Nathalie, van Duijn, Cornelia M., van Schoor, Natasja M., Vitart, Veronique, Völker, Uwe, Vollenweider, Peter, Völzke, Henry, Wacher-Rodarte, Niels H., Walker, Mark, Wang, Ya Xing, Wareham, Nicholas J., Watanabe, Richard M., Watkins, Hugh, Weir, David R., Werge, Thomas M., Widen, Elisabeth, Wilkens, Lynne R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Willett, Walter C., Wilson, James F., Wong, Tien-Yin, Woo, Jeong-Taek, Wright, Alan F., Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Xu, Huichun, Yajnik, Chittaranjan S., Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Yuan, Jian-Min, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zemel, Babette S., Zheng, Wei, Zhu, Xiaofeng, Zmuda, Joseph M., Zonderman, Alan B., Zwart, John-Anker, Partida, Gabriel Cuellar, Sun, Yan, Croteau-Chonka, Damien, Vonk, Judith M., Chanock, Stephen, Chasman, Daniel I., Cho, Yoon Shin, Heid, Iris M., McCarthy, Mark I., Ng, Maggie C. Y., O’Donnell, Christopher J., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Sun, Yan V., Tai, E. Shyong, Boehnke, Michael, Deloukas, Panos, Justice, Anne E., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Loos, Ruth J. F., Mohlke, Karen L., North, Kari E., Stefansson, Kari, Walters, Robin G., Winkler, Thomas W., Young, Kristin L., Loh, Po-Ru, Yang, Jian, Esko, Tõnu, Assimes, Themistocles L., Auton, Adam, Abecasis, Goncalo R., Willer, Cristen J., Locke, Adam E., Berndt, Sonja I., Lettre, Guillaume, Frayling, Timothy M., Okada, Yukinori, Wood, Andrew R., Visscher, Peter M., Hirschhorn, Joel N., Yengo, Loïc, Vedantam, Sailaja, Marouli, Eirini, Sidorenko, Julia, Bartell, Eric, Sakaue, Saori, Graff, Marielisa, Eliasen, Anders U., Jiang, Yunxuan, Raghavan, Sridharan, Miao, Jenkai, Arias, Joshua D., Graham, Sarah E., Mukamel, Ronen E., Spracklen, Cassandra N., Yin, Xianyong, Chen, Shyh-Huei, Ferreira, Teresa, Highland, Heather H., Ji, Yingjie, Karaderi, Tugce, Lin, Kuang, Lüll, Kreete, Malden, Deborah E., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Machado, Moara, Moore, Amy, Rüeger, Sina, Sim, Xueling, Vrieze, Scott, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Akiyama, Masato, Allison, Matthew A., Alvarez, Marcus, Andersen, Mette K., Ani, Alireza, Appadurai, Vivek, Arbeeva, Liubov, Bhaskar, Seema, Bielak, Lawrence F., Bollepalli, Sailalitha, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Bork-Jensen, Jette, Bradfield, Jonathan P., Bradford, Yuki, Braund, Peter S., Brody, Jennifer A., Burgdorf, Kristoffer S., Cade, Brian E., Cai, Hui, Cai, Qiuyin, Campbell, Archie, Cañadas-Garre, Marisa, Catamo, Eulalia, Chai, Jin-Fang, Chai, Xiaoran, Chang, Li-Ching, Chang, Yi-Cheng, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Chesi, Alessandra, Choi, Seung Hoan, Chung, Ren-Hua, Cocca, Massimiliano, Concas, Maria Pina, Couture, Christian, Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel, Danning, Rebecca, Daw, E. Warwick, Degenhard, Frauke, Delgado, Graciela E., Delitala, Alessandro, Demirkan, Ayse, Deng, Xuan, Devineni, Poornima, Dietl, Alexander, Dimitriou, Maria, Dimitrov, Latchezar, Dorajoo, Rajkumar, Ekici, Arif B., Engmann, Jorgen E., Fairhurst-Hunter, Zammy, Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni, Faul, Jessica D., Fernandez-Lopez, Juan-Carlos, Forer, Lukas, Francescatto, Margherita, Freitag-Wolf, Sandra, Fuchsberger, Christian, Galesloot, Tessel E., Gao, Yan, Gao, Zishan, Geller, Frank, Giannakopoulou, Olga, Giulianini, Franco, Gjesing, Anette P., Goel, Anuj, Gordon, Scott D., Gorski, Mathias, Grove, Jakob, Guo, Xiuqing, Gustafsson, Stefan, Haessler, Jeffrey, Hansen, Thomas F., Havulinna, Aki S., Haworth, Simon J., He, Jing, Heard-Costa, Nancy, Hebbar, Prashantha, Hindy, George, Ho, Yuk-Lam A., Hofer, Edith, Holliday, Elizabeth, Horn, Katrin, Hornsby, Whitney E., Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Huang, Hongyan, Huang, Jie, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, Huffman, Jennifer E., Hung, Yi-Jen, Huo, Shaofeng, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Iha, Hiroyuki, Ikeda, Daisuke D., Isono, Masato, Jackson, Anne U., Jäger, Susanne, Jansen, Iris E., Johansson, Ingegerd, Jonas, Jost B., Jonsson, Anna, Jørgensen, Torben, Kalafati, Ioanna-Panagiota, Kanai, Masahiro, Kanoni, Stavroula, Kårhus, Line L., Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Kember, Rachel L., Kentistou, Katherine A., Kim, Han-Na, Kim, Young Jin, Kleber, Marcus E., Knol, Maria J., Kurbasic, Azra, Lauzon, Marie, Le, Phuong, Lea, Rodney, Lee, Jong-Young, Leonard, Hampton L., Li, Shengchao A., Li, Xiaohui, Li, Xiaoyin, Liang, Jingjing, Lin, Honghuang, Lin, Shih-Yi, Liu, Jun, Liu, Xueping, Lo, Ken Sin, Long, Jirong, Lores-Motta, Laura, Luan, Jian’an, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Mahajan, Anubha, Mamakou, Vasiliki, Mangino, Massimo, Manichaikul, Ani, Marten, Jonathan, Mattheisen, Manuel, Mavarani, Laven, McDaid, Aaron F., Meidtner, Karina, Melendez, Tori L., Mercader, Josep M., Milaneschi, Yuri, Miller, Jason E., Millwood, Iona Y., Mishra, Pashupati P., Mitchell, Ruth E., Møllehave, Line T., Morgan, Anna, Mucha, Soeren, Munz, Matthias, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Nelson, Christopher P., Nethander, Maria, Nho, Chu Won, Nielsen, Aneta A., Nolte, Ilja M., Nongmaithem, Suraj S., Noordam, Raymond, Ntalla, Ioanna, Nutile, Teresa, Pandit, Anita, Christofidou, Paraskevi, Pärna, Katri, Pauper, Marc, Petersen, Eva R. B., Petersen, Liselotte V., Pitkänen, Niina, Polašek, Ozren, Poveda, Alaitz, Preuss, Michael H., Pyarajan, Saiju, Raffield, Laura M., Rakugi, Hiromi, Ramirez, Julia, Rasheed, Asif, Raven, Dennis, Rayner, Nigel W., Riveros, Carlos, Rohde, Rebecca, Ruggiero, Daniela, Ruotsalainen, Sanni E., Ryan, Kathleen A., Sabater-Lleal, Maria, Saxena, Richa, Scholz, Markus, Sendamarai, Anoop, Shen, Botong, Shi, Jingchunzi, Shin, Jae Hun, Sidore, Carlo, Sitlani, Colleen M., Slieker, Roderick C., Smit, Roelof A. J., Smith, Albert V., Smith, Jennifer A., Smyth, Laura J., Southam, Lorraine, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Sun, Liang, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Tallapragada, Divya Sri Priyanka, Taylor, Kent D., Tayo, Bamidele O., Tcheandjieu, Catherine, Terzikhan, Natalie, Tesolin, Paola, Teumer, Alexander, Theusch, Elizabeth, Thompson, Deborah J., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Timmers, Paul R. H. J., Trompet, Stella, Turman, Constance, Vaccargiu, Simona, van der Laan, Sander W., van der Most, Peter J., van Klinken, Jan B., van Setten, Jessica, Verma, Shefali S., Verweij, Niek, Veturi, Yogasudha, Wang, Carol A., Wang, Chaolong, Wang, Lihua, Wang, Zhe, Warren, Helen R., Bin Wei, Wen, Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., Wielscher, Matthias, Wiggins, Kerri L., Winsvold, Bendik S., Wong, Andrew, Wu, Yang, Wuttke, Matthias, Xia, Rui, Xie, Tian, Yamamoto, Ken, Yang, Jingyun, Yao, Jie, Young, Hannah, Yousri, Noha A., Yu, Lei, Zeng, Lingyao, Zhang, Weihua, Zhang, Xinyuan, Zhao, Jing-Hua, Zhao, Wei, Zhou, Wei, Zimmermann, Martina E., Zoledziewska, Magdalena, Adair, Linda S., Adams, Hieab H. H., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Al-Mulla, Fahd, Arnett, Donna K., Asselbergs, Folkert W., Åsvold, Bjørn Olav, Attia, John, Banas, Bernhard, Bandinelli, Stefania, Bennett, David A., Bergler, Tobias, Bharadwaj, Dwaipayan, Biino, Ginevra, Bisgaard, Hans, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böger, Carsten A., Bønnelykke, Klaus, Boomsma, Dorret I., Børglum, Anders D., Borja, Judith B., Bouchard, Claude, Bowden, Donald W., Brandslund, Ivan, Brumpton, Ben, Buring, Julie E., Caulfield, Mark J., Chambers, John C., Chandak, Giriraj R., Chanock, Stephen J., Chaturvedi, Nish, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Christophersen, Ingrid E., Ciullo, Marina, Cole, John W., Collins, Francis S., Cooper, Richard S., Cruz, Miguel, Cucca, Francesco, Cupples, L. Adrienne, Cutler, Michael J., Damrauer, Scott M., Dantoft, Thomas M., de Borst, Gert J., de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M., De Jager, Philip L., de Kleijn, Dominique P. V., Janaka de Silva, H., Dedoussis, George V., den Hollander, Anneke I., Du, Shufa, Easton, Douglas F., Elders, Petra J. M., Eliassen, A. Heather, Ellinor, Patrick T., Elmståhl, Sölve, Erdmann, Jeanette, Evans, Michele K., Fatkin, Diane, Feenstra, Bjarke, Feitosa, Mary F., Ferrucci, Luigi, Ford, Ian, Fornage, Myriam, Franke, Andre, Franks, Paul W., Freedman, Barry I., Gasparini, Paolo, Gieger, Christian, Girotto, Giorgia, Goddard, Michael E., Golightly, Yvonne M., Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Grallert, Harald, Grant, Struan F. A., Grarup, Niels, Griffiths, Lyn, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Haiman, Christopher, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hansen, Torben, Hartman, Catharina A., Hattersley, Andrew T., Hayward, Caroline, Heckbert, Susan R., Heng, Chew-Kiat, Hengstenberg, Christian, Hewitt, Alex W., Hishigaki, Haretsugu, Hoyng, Carel B., Huang, Paul L., Huang, Wei, Hunt, Steven C., Hveem, Kristian, Hyppönen, Elina, Iacono, William G., Ichihara, Sahoko, Ikram, M. Arfan, Isasi, Carmen R., Jackson, Rebecca D., Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jin, Zi-Bing, Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, Joshi, Peter K., Jousilahti, Pekka, Jukema, J. Wouter, Kähönen, Mika, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kang, Kui Dong, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Karpe, Fredrik, Kato, Norihiro, Kee, Frank, Kessler, Thorsten, Khera, Amit V., Khor, Chiea Chuen, Kiemeney, Lambertus A. L. M., Kim, Bong-Jo, Kim, Eung Kweon, Kim, Hyung-Lae, Kirchhof, Paulus, Kivimaki, Mika, Koh, Woon-Puay, Koistinen, Heikki A., Kolovou, Genovefa D., Kooner, Jaspal S., Kooperberg, Charles, Köttgen, Anna, Kovacs, Peter, Kraaijeveld, Adriaan, Kraft, Peter, Krauss, Ronald M., Kumari, Meena, Kutalik, Zoltan, Laakso, Markku, Lange, Leslie A., Langenberg, Claudia, Launer, Lenore J., Le Marchand, Loic, Lee, Hyejin, Lee, Nanette R., Lehtimäki, Terho, Li, Huaixing, Li, Liming, Lieb, Wolfgang, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Liu, Jianjun, Loeffler, Markus, London, Barry, Lubitz, Steven A., Lye, Stephen J., Mackey, David A., Mägi, Reedik, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Marcus, Gregory M., Vidal, Pedro Marques, Martin, Nicholas G., März, Winfried, Matsuda, Fumihiko, McGarrah, Robert W., McGue, Matt, McKnight, Amy Jayne, Medland, Sarah E., Mellström, Dan, Metspalu, Andres, Mitchell, Braxton D., Mitchell, Paul, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Morris, Andrew D., Mucci, Lorelei A., Munroe, Patricia B., Nalls, Mike A., Nazarian, Saman, Nelson, Amanda E., Neville, Matt J., Newton-Cheh, Christopher, Nielsen, Christopher S., Nöthen, Markus M., Ohlsson, Claes, Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Orozco, Lorena, Pahkala, Katja, Pajukanta, Päivi, Palmer, Colin N. A., Parra, Esteban J., Pattaro, Cristian, Pedersen, Oluf, Pennell, Craig E., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Perusse, Louis, Peters, Annette, Peyser, Patricia A., Porteous, David J., Posthuma, Danielle, Power, Chris, Pramstaller, Peter P., Province, Michael A., Qi, Qibin, Qu, Jia, Rader, Daniel J., Raitakari, Olli T., Ralhan, Sarju, Rallidis, Loukianos S., Rao, Dabeeru C., Redline, Susan, Reilly, Dermot F., Reiner, Alexander P., Rhee, Sang Youl, Ridker, Paul M., Rienstra, Michiel, Ripatti, Samuli, Ritchie, Marylyn D., Roden, Dan M., Rosendaal, Frits R., Rotter, Jerome I., Rudan, Igor, Rutters, Femke, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Saleheen, Danish, Salomaa, Veikko, Samani, Nilesh J., Sanghera, Dharambir K., Sattar, Naveed, Schmidt, Börge, Schmidt, Helena, Schmidt, Reinhold, Schulze, Matthias B., Schunkert, Heribert, Scott, Laura J., Scott, Rodney J., Sever, Peter, Shiroma, Eric J., Shoemaker, M. Benjamin, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Simonsick, Eleanor M., Sims, Mario, Singh, Jai Rup, Singleton, Andrew B., Sinner, Moritz F., Smith, J. Gustav, Snieder, Harold, Spector, Tim D., Stampfer, Meir J., Stark, Klaus J., Strachan, David P., ‘t Hart, Leen M., Tabara, Yasuharu, Tang, Hua, Tardif, Jean-Claude, Thanaraj, Thangavel A., Timpson, Nicholas J., Tönjes, Anke, Tremblay, Angelo, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tusié-Luna, Maria-Teresa, Uitterlinden, Andre G., van Dam, Rob M., van der Harst, Pim, Van der Velde, Nathalie, van Duijn, Cornelia M., van Schoor, Natasja M., Vitart, Veronique, Völker, Uwe, Vollenweider, Peter, Völzke, Henry, Wacher-Rodarte, Niels H., Walker, Mark, Wang, Ya Xing, Wareham, Nicholas J., Watanabe, Richard M., Watkins, Hugh, Weir, David R., Werge, Thomas M., Widen, Elisabeth, Wilkens, Lynne R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Willett, Walter C., Wilson, James F., Wong, Tien-Yin, Woo, Jeong-Taek, Wright, Alan F., Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Xu, Huichun, Yajnik, Chittaranjan S., Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Yuan, Jian-Min, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zemel, Babette S., Zheng, Wei, Zhu, Xiaofeng, Zmuda, Joseph M., Zonderman, Alan B., Zwart, John-Anker, Partida, Gabriel Cuellar, Sun, Yan, Croteau-Chonka, Damien, Vonk, Judith M., Chanock, Stephen, Chasman, Daniel I., Cho, Yoon Shin, Heid, Iris M., McCarthy, Mark I., Ng, Maggie C. Y., O’Donnell, Christopher J., Rivadeneira, Fernando, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Sun, Yan V., Tai, E. Shyong, Boehnke, Michael, Deloukas, Panos, Justice, Anne E., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Loos, Ruth J. F., Mohlke, Karen L., North, Kari E., Stefansson, Kari, Walters, Robin G., Winkler, Thomas W., Young, Kristin L., Loh, Po-Ru, Yang, Jian, Esko, Tõnu, Assimes, Themistocles L., Auton, Adam, Abecasis, Goncalo R., Willer, Cristen J., Locke, Adam E., Berndt, Sonja I., Lettre, Guillaume, Frayling, Timothy M., Okada, Yukinori, Wood, Andrew R., Visscher, Peter M., and Hirschhorn, Joel N.
Abstract: Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are predicted to collectively explain 40–50% of phenotypic variation in human height, but identifying the specific variants and associated regions requires huge sample sizes1. Here, using data from a genome-wide association study of 5.4 million individuals of diverse ancestries, we show that 12,111 independent SNPs that are significantly associated with height account for nearly all of the common SNP-based heritability. These SNPs are clustered within 7,209 non-overlapping genomic segments with a mean size of around 90 kb, covering about 21% of the genome. The density of independent associations varies across the genome and the regions of increased density are enriched for biologically relevant genes. In out-of-sample estimation and prediction, the 12,111 SNPs (or all SNPs in the HapMap 3 panel2) account for 40% (45%) of phenotypic variance in populations of European ancestry but only around 10–20% (14–24%) in populations of other ancestries. Effect sizes, associated regions and gene prioritization are similar across ancestries, indicating that reduced prediction accuracy is likely to be explained by linkage disequilibrium and differences in allele frequency within associated regions. Finally, we show that the relevant biological pathways are detectable with smaller sample sizes than are needed to implicate causal genes and variants. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive map of specific genomic regions that contain the vast majority of common height-associated variants. Although this map is saturated for populations of European ancestry, further research is needed to achieve equivalent saturation in other ancestries.
Published: 2022
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17. GM-TCNet: Gated Multi-scale Temporal Convolutional Network using Emotion Causality for Speech Emotion Recognition

Author: Ye, Jia-Xin, Wen, Xin-Cheng, Wang, Xuan-Ze, Xu, Yong, Luo, Yan, Wu, Chang-Li, Chen, Li-Yan, Liu, Kun-Hong, Ye, Jia-Xin, Wen, Xin-Cheng, Wang, Xuan-Ze, Xu, Yong, Luo, Yan, Wu, Chang-Li, Chen, Li-Yan, and Liu, Kun-Hong
Abstract: In human-computer interaction, Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) plays an essential role in understanding the user's intent and improving the interactive experience. While similar sentimental speeches own diverse speaker characteristics but share common antecedents and consequences, an essential challenge for SER is how to produce robust and discriminative representations through causality between speech emotions. In this paper, we propose a Gated Multi-scale Temporal Convolutional Network (GM-TCNet) to construct a novel emotional causality representation learning component with a multi-scale receptive field. GM-TCNet deploys a novel emotional causality representation learning component to capture the dynamics of emotion across the time domain, constructed with dilated causal convolution layer and gating mechanism. Besides, it utilizes skip connection fusing high-level features from different gated convolution blocks to capture abundant and subtle emotion changes in human speech. GM-TCNet first uses a single type of feature, mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, as inputs and then passes them through the gated temporal convolutional module to generate the high-level features. Finally, the features are fed to the emotion classifier to accomplish the SER task. The experimental results show that our model maintains the highest performance in most cases compared to state-of-the-art techniques., Comment: The source code is available at: https://github.com/Jiaxin-Ye/GM-TCNet
Published: 2022
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18. CTL-MTNet: A Novel CapsNet and Transfer Learning-Based Mixed Task Net for the Single-Corpus and Cross-Corpus Speech Emotion Recognition

Author: Wen, Xin-Cheng, Ye, Jia-Xin, Luo, Yan, Xu, Yong, Wang, Xuan-Ze, Wu, Chang-Li, Liu, Kun-Hong, Wen, Xin-Cheng, Ye, Jia-Xin, Luo, Yan, Xu, Yong, Wang, Xuan-Ze, Wu, Chang-Li, and Liu, Kun-Hong
Abstract: Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) has become a growing focus of research in human-computer interaction. An essential challenge in SER is to extract common attributes from different speakers or languages, especially when a specific source corpus has to be trained to recognize the unknown data coming from another speech corpus. To address this challenge, a Capsule Network (CapsNet) and Transfer Learning based Mixed Task Net (CTLMTNet) are proposed to deal with both the singlecorpus and cross-corpus SER tasks simultaneously in this paper. For the single-corpus task, the combination of Convolution-Pooling and Attention CapsNet module CPAC) is designed by embedding the self-attention mechanism to the CapsNet, guiding the module to focus on the important features that can be fed into different capsules. The extracted high-level features by CPAC provide sufficient discriminative ability. Furthermore, to handle the cross-corpus task, CTL-MTNet employs a Corpus Adaptation Adversarial Module (CAAM) by combining CPAC with Margin Disparity Discrepancy (MDD), which can learn the domain-invariant emotion representations through extracting the strong emotion commonness. Experiments including ablation studies and visualizations on both singleand cross-corpus tasks using four well-known SER datasets in different languages are conducted for performance evaluation and comparison. The results indicate that in both tasks the CTL-MTNet showed better performance in all cases compared to a number of state-of-the-art methods. The source code and the supplementary materials are available at: https://github.com/MLDMXM2017/CTLMTNet, Comment: this paper has been accepted by IJCAI 2022. Please cite it by: Xin-Cheng Wen#, JiaXin Ye#, Yan Luo, Yong Xu, Xuan-Ze WANG, Chang-Li Wu, Kun-Hong Liu*, CTL-MTNet: A Novel CapsNet and Transfer Learning-Based Mixed Task Net for the Single-Corpus and Cross-Corpus Speech Emotion Recognition, IJCAI 2022
Published: 2022

19. Mask2Hand: Learning to Predict the 3D Hand Pose and Shape from Shadow

Author: Chang, Li-Jen, Liao, Yu-Cheng, Lin, Chia-Hui, Chen, Hwann-Tzong, Chang, Li-Jen, Liao, Yu-Cheng, Lin, Chia-Hui, and Chen, Hwann-Tzong
Abstract: We present a self-trainable method, Mask2Hand, which learns to solve the challenging task of predicting 3D hand pose and shape from a 2D binary mask of hand silhouette/shadow without additional manually-annotated data. Given the intrinsic camera parameters and the parametric hand model in the camera space, we adopt the differentiable rendering technique to project 3D estimations onto the 2D binary silhouette space. By applying a tailored combination of losses between the rendered silhouette and the input binary mask, we are able to integrate the self-guidance mechanism into our end-to-end optimization process for constraining global mesh registration and hand pose estimation. The experiments show that our method, which takes a single binary mask as the input, can achieve comparable prediction accuracy on both unaligned and aligned settings as state-of-the-art methods that require RGB or depth inputs. Our code is available at https://github.com/lijenchang/Mask2Hand.
Published: 2022

20. Pollinator-flower interactions in gardens during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown of 2020

Author: Ollerton, Jeff, Trunschke, Judith, Havens, Kayri, Landaverde-González, Patricia, Keller, Alexander, Gilpin, Amy-Marie, Rodrigo Rech, André, Baronio, Gudryan J., Phillips, Benjamin J., Mackin, Chris, Stanley, Dara A., Treanore, Erin, Baker, Ellen, Rotheray, Ellen L., Erickson, Emily, Fornoff, Felix, Brearley, Francis Q., Ballantyne, Gavin, Iossa, Graziella, Stone, Graham N., Bartomeus, Ignasi, Stockan, Jenni A., Leguizamón, Johana, Prendergast, Kit, Rowley, Lisa, Giovanetti, Manuela, De Oliveira Bueno, Raquel, Wesselingh, Renate A., Mallinger, Rachel, Edmondson, Sally, Howard, Scarlett R., Leonhardt, Sara D., Rojas-Nossa, Sandra V., Brett, Maisie, Joaqui, Tatiana, Antoniazzi, Reuber, Burton, Victoria J., Feng, Hui-Hui, Tian, Zhi-Xi, Xu, Qi, Zhang, Chuan, Shi, Chang-Li, Huang, Shuang-Quan, Cole, Lorna J., Bendifallah, Leila, Ellis, Emilie E., Hegland, Stein Joar, Straffon Díaz, Sara, Lander, Tonya Allen, Mayr, Antonia V., Dawson, Richard, Eeraerts, Maxime, Armbruster, W. Scott, Walton, Becky, Adjlane, Noureddine, Falk, Steven, Mata, Luis, Goncalves Geiger, Anya, Carvell, Claire, Wallace, Claire, Ratto, Fabrizia, Barberis, Marta, Kahane, Fay, Connop, Stuart, Stip, Anthonie, Sigrist, Maria Rosangela, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Baldock, Katherine, Arnold, Sarah E. J., Ollerton, Jeff, Trunschke, Judith, Havens, Kayri, Landaverde-González, Patricia, Keller, Alexander, Gilpin, Amy-Marie, Rodrigo Rech, André, Baronio, Gudryan J., Phillips, Benjamin J., Mackin, Chris, Stanley, Dara A., Treanore, Erin, Baker, Ellen, Rotheray, Ellen L., Erickson, Emily, Fornoff, Felix, Brearley, Francis Q., Ballantyne, Gavin, Iossa, Graziella, Stone, Graham N., Bartomeus, Ignasi, Stockan, Jenni A., Leguizamón, Johana, Prendergast, Kit, Rowley, Lisa, Giovanetti, Manuela, De Oliveira Bueno, Raquel, Wesselingh, Renate A., Mallinger, Rachel, Edmondson, Sally, Howard, Scarlett R., Leonhardt, Sara D., Rojas-Nossa, Sandra V., Brett, Maisie, Joaqui, Tatiana, Antoniazzi, Reuber, Burton, Victoria J., Feng, Hui-Hui, Tian, Zhi-Xi, Xu, Qi, Zhang, Chuan, Shi, Chang-Li, Huang, Shuang-Quan, Cole, Lorna J., Bendifallah, Leila, Ellis, Emilie E., Hegland, Stein Joar, Straffon Díaz, Sara, Lander, Tonya Allen, Mayr, Antonia V., Dawson, Richard, Eeraerts, Maxime, Armbruster, W. Scott, Walton, Becky, Adjlane, Noureddine, Falk, Steven, Mata, Luis, Goncalves Geiger, Anya, Carvell, Claire, Wallace, Claire, Ratto, Fabrizia, Barberis, Marta, Kahane, Fay, Connop, Stuart, Stip, Anthonie, Sigrist, Maria Rosangela, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Baldock, Katherine, and Arnold, Sarah E. J.
Abstract: During the main COVID-19 global pandemic lockdown period of 2020 an impromptu set of pollination ecologists came together via social media and personal contacts to carry out standardised surveys of the flower visits and plants in gardens. The surveys involved 67 rural, suburban and urban gardens, of various sizes, ranging from 61.18° North in Norway to 37.96° South in Australia, resulting in a data set of 25,174 rows, with each row being a unique interaction record for that date/site/plant species, and comprising almost 47,000 visits to flowers, as well as records of flowers that were not visited by pollinators, for over 1,000 species and varieties belonging to more than 460 genera and 96 plant families. The more than 650 species of flower visitors belong to 12 orders of invertebrates and four of vertebrates. In this first publication from the project, we present a brief description of the data and make it freely available for any researchers to use in the future, the only restriction being that they cite this paper in the first instance. The data generated from these global surveys will provide scientific evidence to help us understand the role that private gardens (in urban, rural and suburban areas) can play in conserving insect pollinators and identify management actions to enhance their potential.
Published: 2022

21. Antecedents of Business-Government Relationship: Evidence from 13 African Countries

Author: Gebrehans, Mebrahtu Tesfagebreal, Chang, Li, Tuo, Siele Jean, Yu, Qian, Zheng, Hao, Gebrehans, Mebrahtu Tesfagebreal, Chang, Li, Tuo, Siele Jean, Yu, Qian, and Zheng, Hao
Abstract: A strong Business-government relationship is one method of rent-seeking activity of firms. Using novel proxies of political connectivity from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), we study the relationship behavior of 7733 firms from 13 African countries with their government. According to the results of the baseline estimation and subgroup analysis using robust Tobit and Probit models, we find business regulations and policies trigger the relationship introspects of a firm’s strategic choices. The result further indicates that the strength and magnitude of the business-government relationship are subjected to specific country-level characteristics including, corruption level, regulatory quality, economic development, duration of government tenure, and the level of the bureaucracy of countries. Moreover, firm-specific characteristics including firm size, age, government dependency, extensive exporters, and the existence of informal market competition are among the firm-level antecedents of the Business-government relationship. Our separate analysis further provides that old, big, and manufacturing firms have more likely to form a strong relationship than others. Keywords: Business-Government Relationship; Corporate Political Connectivity; Institutional Qualities; Small and medium firms, censored data. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/14-20-02 Publication date:October 31st 2022
Published: 2022

22. The Levi-Civita Tensor and Identities in Vector Analysis. Vector Field Identities. Modules and Monographs in Undergraduate Mathematics and Its Applications Project. UMAP Unit 427.

Author: Education Development Center, Inc., Newton, MA., Yiu, Chang-li, and Wilde, Carroll O.
Abstract: Vector analysis is viewed to play a key role in many branches of engineering and the physical sciences. This unit is geared towards deriving identities and establishing "machinery" to make derivations a routine task. It is noted that the module is not an applications unit, but has as its primary objective the goal of providing science, engineering, and mathematics students with powerful means of deriving vector and vector field identities. It is felt the skills a student would gain in studying the material should be very valuable in the practice of applied mathematics. Exercises and a model exam are provided, with answers included for both. (MP)
Published: 1979

23. ForestGEO: understanding forest diversity and dynamics through a global observatory network

Author: Davies, Stuart J., Abiem, Iveren, Abu Salim, Kamariah, Aguilar, Salomón, Allen, David, Alonso, Alfonso, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina, Andrade, Ana, Arellano, Gabriel, Ashton, Peter S., Baker, Patrick J., Baker, Matthew E., Baltzer, Jennifer L., Basset, Yves, Bissiengou, Pulchérie, Bohlman, Stephanie, Bourg, Norman A., Brockelman, Warren Y., Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Burslem, David F.R.P., Cao, Min, Cárdenas, Dairon, Chang, Li-Wan, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Chao, Kuo-Jung, Chao, Wei-Chun, Chapman, Hazel, Chen, Yu-Yun, Chisholm, Ryan A., Chu, Chengjin, Chuyong, George, Clay, Keith, Comita, Liza S., Condit, Richard, Cordell, Susan, Dattaraja, Handanakere S., de Oliveira, Alexandre Adalardo, den Ouden, Jan, Detto, Matteo, Dick, Christopher, Du, Xiaojun, Duque, Álvaro, Ediriweera, Sisira, Ellis, Erle C., Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Esufali, Shameema, Ewango, Corneille E.N., Fernando, Edwino S., Filip, Jonah, Fischer, Gunter A., Foster, Robin, Giambelluca, Thomas, Giardina, Christian, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gonzalez-Akre, Erika, Gunatilleke, I.A.U.N., Gunatilleke, C.V.S., Hao, Zhanqing, Hau, Billy C.H., He, Fangliang, Ni, Hongwei, Howe, Robert W., Hubbell, Stephen P., Huth, Andreas, Inman-Narahari, Faith, Itoh, Akira, Janík, David, Jansen, Patrick A., Jiang, Mingxi, Johnson, Daniel J., Jones, F. Andrew, Kanzaki, Mamoru, Kenfack, David, Kiratiprayoon, Somboon, Král, Kamil, Krizel, Lauren, Lao, Suzanne, Larson, Andrew J., Li, Yide, Li, Xiankun, Litton, Creighton M., Liu, Yu, Liu, Shirong, Lum, Shawn K.Y., Luskin, Matthew S., Lutz, James A., Luu, Hong Truong, Ma, Keping, Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Martin, Adam, McCarthy, Caly, McMahon, Sean M., McShea, William J., Memiaghe, Hervé, Mi, Xiangcheng, Mitre, David, Mohamad, Mohizah, Monks, Logan, Muller-Landau, Helene C., Musili, Paul M., Myers, Jonathan A., Nathalang, Anuttara, Ngo, Kang Min, Norden, Natalia, Novotny, Vojtech, O'Brien, Michael J., Orwig, David, Ostertag, Rebecca, Papathanassiou, Konstantinos, Parker, Geoffrey G., Pérez, Rolando, Perfecto, Ivette, Phillips, Richard P., Pongpattananurak, Nantachai, Pretzsch, Hans, Ren, Haibo, Reynolds, Glen, Rodriguez, Lillian J., Russo, Sabrina E., Sack, Lawren, Sang, Weiguo, Shue, Jessica, Singh, Anudeep, Song, Guo-Zhang M., Sukumar, Raman, Sun, I-Fang, Suresh, Hebbalalu S., Swenson, Nathan G., Tan, Sylvester, Thomas, Sean C., Thomas, Duncan, Thompson, Jill, Turner, Benjamin L., Uowolo, Amanda, Uriarte, María, Valencia, Renato, Vandermeer, John, Vicentini, Alberto, Visser, Marco, Vrska, Tomas, Wang, Xugao, Wang, Xihua, Weiblen, George D., Whitfeld, Timothy J.S., Wolf, Amy, Wright, S. Joseph, Xu, Han, Yao, Tze Leong, Yap, Sandra L., Ye, Wanhui, Yu, Mingjian, Zhang, Minhua, Zhu, Daoguang, Zhu, Li, Zimmerman, Jess K., Zuleta, Daniel, Davies, Stuart J., Abiem, Iveren, Abu Salim, Kamariah, Aguilar, Salomón, Allen, David, Alonso, Alfonso, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina, Andrade, Ana, Arellano, Gabriel, Ashton, Peter S., Baker, Patrick J., Baker, Matthew E., Baltzer, Jennifer L., Basset, Yves, Bissiengou, Pulchérie, Bohlman, Stephanie, Bourg, Norman A., Brockelman, Warren Y., Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Burslem, David F.R.P., Cao, Min, Cárdenas, Dairon, Chang, Li-Wan, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Chao, Kuo-Jung, Chao, Wei-Chun, Chapman, Hazel, Chen, Yu-Yun, Chisholm, Ryan A., Chu, Chengjin, Chuyong, George, Clay, Keith, Comita, Liza S., Condit, Richard, Cordell, Susan, Dattaraja, Handanakere S., de Oliveira, Alexandre Adalardo, den Ouden, Jan, Detto, Matteo, Dick, Christopher, Du, Xiaojun, Duque, Álvaro, Ediriweera, Sisira, Ellis, Erle C., Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Esufali, Shameema, Ewango, Corneille E.N., Fernando, Edwino S., Filip, Jonah, Fischer, Gunter A., Foster, Robin, Giambelluca, Thomas, Giardina, Christian, Gilbert, Gregory S., Gonzalez-Akre, Erika, Gunatilleke, I.A.U.N., Gunatilleke, C.V.S., Hao, Zhanqing, Hau, Billy C.H., He, Fangliang, Ni, Hongwei, Howe, Robert W., Hubbell, Stephen P., Huth, Andreas, Inman-Narahari, Faith, Itoh, Akira, Janík, David, Jansen, Patrick A., Jiang, Mingxi, Johnson, Daniel J., Jones, F. Andrew, Kanzaki, Mamoru, Kenfack, David, Kiratiprayoon, Somboon, Král, Kamil, Krizel, Lauren, Lao, Suzanne, Larson, Andrew J., Li, Yide, Li, Xiankun, Litton, Creighton M., Liu, Yu, Liu, Shirong, Lum, Shawn K.Y., Luskin, Matthew S., Lutz, James A., Luu, Hong Truong, Ma, Keping, Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Martin, Adam, McCarthy, Caly, McMahon, Sean M., McShea, William J., Memiaghe, Hervé, Mi, Xiangcheng, Mitre, David, Mohamad, Mohizah, Monks, Logan, Muller-Landau, Helene C., Musili, Paul M., Myers, Jonathan A., Nathalang, Anuttara, Ngo, Kang Min, Norden, Natalia, Novotny, Vojtech, O'Brien, Michael J., Orwig, David, Ostertag, Rebecca, Papathanassiou, Konstantinos, Parker, Geoffrey G., Pérez, Rolando, Perfecto, Ivette, Phillips, Richard P., Pongpattananurak, Nantachai, Pretzsch, Hans, Ren, Haibo, Reynolds, Glen, Rodriguez, Lillian J., Russo, Sabrina E., Sack, Lawren, Sang, Weiguo, Shue, Jessica, Singh, Anudeep, Song, Guo-Zhang M., Sukumar, Raman, Sun, I-Fang, Suresh, Hebbalalu S., Swenson, Nathan G., Tan, Sylvester, Thomas, Sean C., Thomas, Duncan, Thompson, Jill, Turner, Benjamin L., Uowolo, Amanda, Uriarte, María, Valencia, Renato, Vandermeer, John, Vicentini, Alberto, Visser, Marco, Vrska, Tomas, Wang, Xugao, Wang, Xihua, Weiblen, George D., Whitfeld, Timothy J.S., Wolf, Amy, Wright, S. Joseph, Xu, Han, Yao, Tze Leong, Yap, Sandra L., Ye, Wanhui, Yu, Mingjian, Zhang, Minhua, Zhu, Daoguang, Zhu, Li, Zimmerman, Jess K., and Zuleta, Daniel
Abstract: ForestGEO is a network of scientists and long-term forest dynamics plots (FDPs) spanning the Earth's major forest types. ForestGEO's mission is to advance understanding of the diversity and dynamics of forests and to strengthen global capacity for forest science research. ForestGEO is unique among forest plot networks in its large-scale plot dimensions, censusing of all stems ≥1 cm in diameter, inclusion of tropical, temperate and boreal forests, and investigation of additional biotic (e.g., arthropods) and abiotic (e.g., soils) drivers, which together provide a holistic view of forest functioning. The 71 FDPs in 27 countries include approximately 7.33 million living trees and about 12,000 species, representing 20% of the world's known tree diversity. With >1300 published papers, ForestGEO researchers have made significant contributions in two fundamental areas: species coexistence and diversity, and ecosystem functioning. Specifically, defining the major biotic and abiotic controls on the distribution and coexistence of species and functional types and on variation in species' demography has led to improved understanding of how the multiple dimensions of forest diversity are structured across space and time and how this diversity relates to the processes controlling the role of forests in the Earth system. Nevertheless, knowledge gaps remain that impede our ability to predict how forest diversity and function will respond to climate change and other stressors. Meeting these global research challenges requires major advances in standardizing taxonomy of tropical species, resolving the main drivers of forest dynamics, and integrating plot-based ground and remote sensing observations to scale up estimates of forest diversity and function, coupled with improved predictive models. However, they cannot be met without greater financial commitment to sustain the long-term research of ForestGEO and other forest plot networks, greatly expanded scientific capacity across the
Published: 2021

24. The trans-ancestral genomic architecture of glycemic traits

Author: Chen, Ji, Spracklen, Cassandra N., Marenne, Gaëlle, Varshney, Arushi, Corbin, Laura J., Luan, Jian'an, Willems, Sara M., Wu, Ying, Zhang, Xiaoshuai, Horikoshi, Momoko, Boutin, Thibaud S., Mägi, Reedik, Waage, Johannes, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Chan, Kei Hang Katie, Yao, Jie, Anasanti, Mila D., Chu, Audrey Y., Claringbould, Annique, Heikkinen, Jani, Hong, Jaeyoung, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Huo, Shaofeng, Kaakinen, Marika A., Louie, Tin, März, Winfried, Moreno-Macias, Hortensia, Ndungu, Anne, Nelson, Sarah C., Nolte, Ilja M., North, Kari E., Raulerson, Chelsea K., Ray, Debashree, Rohde, Rebecca, Rybin, Denis, Schurmann, Claudia, Sim, Xueling, Southam, Lorraine, Stewart, Isobel D., Wang, Carol A., Wang, Yujie, Wu, Peitao, Zhang, Weihua, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Appel, Emil V R, Bielak, Lawrence F., Brody, Jennifer A., Burtt, Noël P, Cabrera, Claudia P., Cade, Brian E., Chai, Jin Fang, Chai, Xiaoran, Chang, Li-Ching, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Chen, Brian H., Chitrala, Kumaraswamy Naidu, Chiu, Yen-Feng, de Haan, Hugoline G., Delgado, Graciela E., Demirkan, Ayse, Duan, Qing, Engmann, Jorgen, Fatumo, Segun A., Gayán, Javier, Giulianini, Franco, Gong, Jung Ho, Gustafsson, Stefan, Hai, Yang, Hartwig, Fernando P., He, Jing, Heianza, Yoriko, Huang, Tao, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Jensen, Richard A., Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Kentistou, Katherine A., Kim, Young Jin, Kleber, Marcus E., Kooner, Ishminder K., Lai, Shuiqing, Lange, Leslie A., Langefeld, Carl D., Lauzon, Marie, Li, Man, Ligthart, Symen, Liu, Jun, Loh, Marie, Long, Jirong, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Mangino, Massimo, Marzi, Carola, Montasser, May E., Nag, Abhishek, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Noce, Damia, Noordam, Raymond, Pistis, Giorgio, Preuss, Michael, Raffield, Laura, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J., Rich, Stephen S., Robertson, Neil R., Rueedi, Rico, Ryan, Kathleen, Sanna, Serena, Saxena, Richa, Schraut, Katharina E., Sennblad, Bengt, Setoh, Kazuya, Smith, Albert V., Sparsø, Thomas, Strawbridge, Rona J., Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Tan, Jingyi, Trompet, Stella, van den Akker, Erik, van der Most, Peter J., Verweij, Niek, Vogel, Mandy, Wang, Heming, Wang, Chaolong, Wang, Nan, Warren, Helen R., Wen, Wanqing, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wong, Andrew, Wood, Andrew R., Xie, Tian, Zafarmand, Mohammad Hadi, Zhao, Jing-Hua, Zhao, Wei, Amin, Najaf, Arzumanyan, Zorayr, Astrup, Arne, Bakker, Stephan J L, Baldassarre, Damiano, Beekman, Marian, Bergman, Richard N., Bertoni, Alain, Blüher, Matthias, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Bornstein, Stefan R., Bowden, Donald W., Cai, Qiuyin, Campbell, Archie, Campbell, Harry, Chang, Yi Cheng, de Geus, Eco J C, Dehghan, Abbas, Du, Shufa, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Farmaki, Aliki Eleni, Frånberg, Mattias, Fuchsberger, Christian, Gao, Yutang, Gjesing, Anette P., Goel, Anuj, Han, Sohee, Hartman, Catharina A., Herder, Christian, Hicks, Andrew A., Hsieh, Chang-Hsun, Hsueh, Willa A., Ichihara, Sahoko, Igase, Michiya, Ikram, M Arfan, Johnson, W Craig, Jørgensen, Marit E., Joshi, Peter K., Kalyani, Rita R., Kandeel, Fouad R., Katsuya, Tomohiro, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Kiess, Wieland, Kolcic, Ivana, Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Kuusisto, Johanna, Läll, Kristi, Lam, Kelvin, Lawlor, Deborah A., Lee, Nanette R., Lemaitre, Rozenn N., Li, Honglan, Lin, Shih-Yi, Lindström, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Jianjun, Lorenzo, Carlos, Matsubara, Tatsuaki, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Mingrone, Geltrude, Mooijaart, Simon, Moon, Sanghoon, Nabika, Toru, Nadkarni, Girish N., Nadler, Jerry L., Nelis, Mari, Neville, Matt J., Norris, Jill M., Ohyagi, Yasumasa, Peters, Annette, Peyser, Patricia A., Polasek, Ozren, Qi, Qibin, Raven, Dennis, Reilly, Dermot F., Reiner, Alex, Rivideneira, Fernando, Roll, Kathryn, Rudan, Igor, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sandow, Kevin, Sattar, Naveed, Schürmann, Annette, Shi, Jinxiu, Stringham, Heather M., Taylor, Kent D., Teslovich, Tanya M., Thuesen, Betina, Timmers, Paul R H J, Tremoli, Elena, Tsai, Michael Y., Uitterlinden, Andre, van Dam, Rob M., van Heemst, Diana, van Hylckama Vlieg, Astrid, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V., Vangipurapu, Jagadish, Vestergaard, Henrik, Wang, Tao, Willems van Dijk, Ko, Zemunik, Tatijana, Abecasis, Gonçalo R, Adair, Linda S., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos Alberto, Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E., An, Ping, Aviles-Santa, Larissa, Becker, Diane M., Beilin, Lawrence J., Bergmann, Sven, Bisgaard, Hans, Black, Corri, Boehnke, Michael, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böhm, Bernhard O., Bønnelykke, Klaus, Boomsma, D.I., Bottinger, Erwin P., Buchanan, Thomas A., Canouil, Mickaël, Caulfield, Mark J., Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel I., Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Collins, Francis S., Correa, Adolfo, Cucca, Francesco, de Silva, H Janaka, Dedoussis, George, Elmståhl, Sölve, Evans, Michele K., Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrucci, Luigi, Florez, Jose C., Franks, Paul W., Frayling, Timothy M., Froguel, Philippe, Gigante, Bruna, Goodarzi, Mark O., Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Grallert, Harald, Grarup, Niels, Grimsgaard, Sameline, Groop, Leif, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guo, Xiuqing, Hamsten, Anders, Hansen, Torben, Hayward, Caroline, Heckbert, Susan R., Horta, Bernardo L., Huang, Wei, Ingelsson, Erik, James, Pankow S., Jarvelin, Marjo-Ritta, Jonas, Jost B., Jukema, J Wouter, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Kaplan, Robert, Kardia, Sharon L R, Kato, Norihiro, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M., Kim, Bong-Jo, Kivimaki, Mika, Koistinen, Heikki A., Kooner, Jaspal S., Körner, Antje, Kovacs, Peter, Kuh, Diana, Kumari, Meena, Kutalik, Zoltan, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A., Launer, Lenore J., Leander, Karin, Li, Huaixing, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lindgren, Cecilia, Liu, Simin, Loos, Ruth J F, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Mahajan, Anubha, Metspalu, Andres, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Mori, Trevor A., Munroe, Patricia B., Njølstad, Inger, O'Connell, Jeffrey R., Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Ong, Ken K., Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Palmer, Colin N A, Palmer, Nicholette D., Pedersen, Oluf, Pennell, Craig E., Porteous, David J., Pramstaller, Peter P., Province, Michael A., Psaty, Bruce M., Qi, Lu, Raffel, Leslie J., Rauramaa, Rainer, Redline, Susan, Ridker, Paul M., Rosendaal, Frits R., Saaristo, Timo E., Sandhu, Manjinder, Saramies, Jouko, Schneiderman, Neil, Schwarz, Peter, Scott, Laura J., Selvin, Elizabeth, Sever, Peter, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Slagboom, P Eline, Small, Kerrin S., Smith, Blair H., Snieder, Harold, Sofer, Tamar, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Spector, Tim D., Stanton, Alice, Steves, Claire J., Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Liang, Tabara, Yasuharu, Tai, E Shyong, Timpson, Nicholas J., Tönjes, Anke, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tusie, Teresa, Uusitupa, Matti, van der Harst, Pim, van Duijn, Cornelia, Vitart, Veronique, Vollenweider, Peter, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Wagenknecht, Lynne E., Walker, Mark, Wang, Ya X., Wareham, Nick J., Watanabe, Richard M., Watkins, Hugh, Wei, Wen B., Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Wilson, James F., Wong, Tien-Yin, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Xiang, Anny H., Yanek, Lisa R., Yengo, Loïc, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zheng, Wei, Zonderman, Alan B., Rotter, Jerome I., Gloyn, Anna L., McCarthy, Mark I., Dupuis, Josée, Meigs, James B., Scott, Robert A., Prokopenko, Inga, Leong, Aaron, Liu, Ching-Ti, Parker, Stephen C J, Mohlke, Karen L., Langenberg, Claudia, Wheeler, Eleanor, Morris, Andrew P., Barroso, Inês, Chen, Ji, Spracklen, Cassandra N., Marenne, Gaëlle, Varshney, Arushi, Corbin, Laura J., Luan, Jian'an, Willems, Sara M., Wu, Ying, Zhang, Xiaoshuai, Horikoshi, Momoko, Boutin, Thibaud S., Mägi, Reedik, Waage, Johannes, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Chan, Kei Hang Katie, Yao, Jie, Anasanti, Mila D., Chu, Audrey Y., Claringbould, Annique, Heikkinen, Jani, Hong, Jaeyoung, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Huo, Shaofeng, Kaakinen, Marika A., Louie, Tin, März, Winfried, Moreno-Macias, Hortensia, Ndungu, Anne, Nelson, Sarah C., Nolte, Ilja M., North, Kari E., Raulerson, Chelsea K., Ray, Debashree, Rohde, Rebecca, Rybin, Denis, Schurmann, Claudia, Sim, Xueling, Southam, Lorraine, Stewart, Isobel D., Wang, Carol A., Wang, Yujie, Wu, Peitao, Zhang, Weihua, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Appel, Emil V R, Bielak, Lawrence F., Brody, Jennifer A., Burtt, Noël P, Cabrera, Claudia P., Cade, Brian E., Chai, Jin Fang, Chai, Xiaoran, Chang, Li-Ching, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Chen, Brian H., Chitrala, Kumaraswamy Naidu, Chiu, Yen-Feng, de Haan, Hugoline G., Delgado, Graciela E., Demirkan, Ayse, Duan, Qing, Engmann, Jorgen, Fatumo, Segun A., Gayán, Javier, Giulianini, Franco, Gong, Jung Ho, Gustafsson, Stefan, Hai, Yang, Hartwig, Fernando P., He, Jing, Heianza, Yoriko, Huang, Tao, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Jensen, Richard A., Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Kentistou, Katherine A., Kim, Young Jin, Kleber, Marcus E., Kooner, Ishminder K., Lai, Shuiqing, Lange, Leslie A., Langefeld, Carl D., Lauzon, Marie, Li, Man, Ligthart, Symen, Liu, Jun, Loh, Marie, Long, Jirong, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Mangino, Massimo, Marzi, Carola, Montasser, May E., Nag, Abhishek, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Noce, Damia, Noordam, Raymond, Pistis, Giorgio, Preuss, Michael, Raffield, Laura, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J., Rich, Stephen S., Robertson, Neil R., Rueedi, Rico, Ryan, Kathleen, Sanna, Serena, Saxena, Richa, Schraut, Katharina E., Sennblad, Bengt, Setoh, Kazuya, Smith, Albert V., Sparsø, Thomas, Strawbridge, Rona J., Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Tan, Jingyi, Trompet, Stella, van den Akker, Erik, van der Most, Peter J., Verweij, Niek, Vogel, Mandy, Wang, Heming, Wang, Chaolong, Wang, Nan, Warren, Helen R., Wen, Wanqing, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wong, Andrew, Wood, Andrew R., Xie, Tian, Zafarmand, Mohammad Hadi, Zhao, Jing-Hua, Zhao, Wei, Amin, Najaf, Arzumanyan, Zorayr, Astrup, Arne, Bakker, Stephan J L, Baldassarre, Damiano, Beekman, Marian, Bergman, Richard N., Bertoni, Alain, Blüher, Matthias, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Bornstein, Stefan R., Bowden, Donald W., Cai, Qiuyin, Campbell, Archie, Campbell, Harry, Chang, Yi Cheng, de Geus, Eco J C, Dehghan, Abbas, Du, Shufa, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Farmaki, Aliki Eleni, Frånberg, Mattias, Fuchsberger, Christian, Gao, Yutang, Gjesing, Anette P., Goel, Anuj, Han, Sohee, Hartman, Catharina A., Herder, Christian, Hicks, Andrew A., Hsieh, Chang-Hsun, Hsueh, Willa A., Ichihara, Sahoko, Igase, Michiya, Ikram, M Arfan, Johnson, W Craig, Jørgensen, Marit E., Joshi, Peter K., Kalyani, Rita R., Kandeel, Fouad R., Katsuya, Tomohiro, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Kiess, Wieland, Kolcic, Ivana, Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Kuusisto, Johanna, Läll, Kristi, Lam, Kelvin, Lawlor, Deborah A., Lee, Nanette R., Lemaitre, Rozenn N., Li, Honglan, Lin, Shih-Yi, Lindström, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Jianjun, Lorenzo, Carlos, Matsubara, Tatsuaki, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Mingrone, Geltrude, Mooijaart, Simon, Moon, Sanghoon, Nabika, Toru, Nadkarni, Girish N., Nadler, Jerry L., Nelis, Mari, Neville, Matt J., Norris, Jill M., Ohyagi, Yasumasa, Peters, Annette, Peyser, Patricia A., Polasek, Ozren, Qi, Qibin, Raven, Dennis, Reilly, Dermot F., Reiner, Alex, Rivideneira, Fernando, Roll, Kathryn, Rudan, Igor, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sandow, Kevin, Sattar, Naveed, Schürmann, Annette, Shi, Jinxiu, Stringham, Heather M., Taylor, Kent D., Teslovich, Tanya M., Thuesen, Betina, Timmers, Paul R H J, Tremoli, Elena, Tsai, Michael Y., Uitterlinden, Andre, van Dam, Rob M., van Heemst, Diana, van Hylckama Vlieg, Astrid, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V., Vangipurapu, Jagadish, Vestergaard, Henrik, Wang, Tao, Willems van Dijk, Ko, Zemunik, Tatijana, Abecasis, Gonçalo R, Adair, Linda S., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos Alberto, Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E., An, Ping, Aviles-Santa, Larissa, Becker, Diane M., Beilin, Lawrence J., Bergmann, Sven, Bisgaard, Hans, Black, Corri, Boehnke, Michael, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böhm, Bernhard O., Bønnelykke, Klaus, Boomsma, D.I., Bottinger, Erwin P., Buchanan, Thomas A., Canouil, Mickaël, Caulfield, Mark J., Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel I., Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Collins, Francis S., Correa, Adolfo, Cucca, Francesco, de Silva, H Janaka, Dedoussis, George, Elmståhl, Sölve, Evans, Michele K., Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrucci, Luigi, Florez, Jose C., Franks, Paul W., Frayling, Timothy M., Froguel, Philippe, Gigante, Bruna, Goodarzi, Mark O., Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Grallert, Harald, Grarup, Niels, Grimsgaard, Sameline, Groop, Leif, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guo, Xiuqing, Hamsten, Anders, Hansen, Torben, Hayward, Caroline, Heckbert, Susan R., Horta, Bernardo L., Huang, Wei, Ingelsson, Erik, James, Pankow S., Jarvelin, Marjo-Ritta, Jonas, Jost B., Jukema, J Wouter, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Kaplan, Robert, Kardia, Sharon L R, Kato, Norihiro, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M., Kim, Bong-Jo, Kivimaki, Mika, Koistinen, Heikki A., Kooner, Jaspal S., Körner, Antje, Kovacs, Peter, Kuh, Diana, Kumari, Meena, Kutalik, Zoltan, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A., Launer, Lenore J., Leander, Karin, Li, Huaixing, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lindgren, Cecilia, Liu, Simin, Loos, Ruth J F, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Mahajan, Anubha, Metspalu, Andres, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Mori, Trevor A., Munroe, Patricia B., Njølstad, Inger, O'Connell, Jeffrey R., Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Ong, Ken K., Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Palmer, Colin N A, Palmer, Nicholette D., Pedersen, Oluf, Pennell, Craig E., Porteous, David J., Pramstaller, Peter P., Province, Michael A., Psaty, Bruce M., Qi, Lu, Raffel, Leslie J., Rauramaa, Rainer, Redline, Susan, Ridker, Paul M., Rosendaal, Frits R., Saaristo, Timo E., Sandhu, Manjinder, Saramies, Jouko, Schneiderman, Neil, Schwarz, Peter, Scott, Laura J., Selvin, Elizabeth, Sever, Peter, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Slagboom, P Eline, Small, Kerrin S., Smith, Blair H., Snieder, Harold, Sofer, Tamar, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Spector, Tim D., Stanton, Alice, Steves, Claire J., Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Liang, Tabara, Yasuharu, Tai, E Shyong, Timpson, Nicholas J., Tönjes, Anke, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tusie, Teresa, Uusitupa, Matti, van der Harst, Pim, van Duijn, Cornelia, Vitart, Veronique, Vollenweider, Peter, Vrijkotte, Tanja G M, Wagenknecht, Lynne E., Walker, Mark, Wang, Ya X., Wareham, Nick J., Watanabe, Richard M., Watkins, Hugh, Wei, Wen B., Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Wilson, James F., Wong, Tien-Yin, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Xiang, Anny H., Yanek, Lisa R., Yengo, Loïc, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zheng, Wei, Zonderman, Alan B., Rotter, Jerome I., Gloyn, Anna L., McCarthy, Mark I., Dupuis, Josée, Meigs, James B., Scott, Robert A., Prokopenko, Inga, Leong, Aaron, Liu, Ching-Ti, Parker, Stephen C J, Mohlke, Karen L., Langenberg, Claudia, Wheeler, Eleanor, Morris, Andrew P., and Barroso, Inês
Abstract: Glycemic traits are used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic health. To date, most genetic studies of glycemic traits have focused on individuals of European ancestry. Here we aggregated genome-wide association studies comprising up to 281,416 individuals without diabetes (30% non-European ancestry) for whom fasting glucose, 2-h glucose after an oral glucose challenge, glycated hemoglobin and fasting insulin data were available. Trans-ancestry and single-ancestry meta-analyses identified 242 loci (99 novel; P < 5 × 10-8), 80% of which had no significant evidence of between-ancestry heterogeneity. Analyses restricted to individuals of European ancestry with equivalent sample size would have led to 24 fewer new loci. Compared with single-ancestry analyses, equivalent-sized trans-ancestry fine-mapping reduced the number of estimated variants in 99% credible sets by a median of 37.5%. Genomic-feature, gene-expression and gene-set analyses revealed distinct biological signatures for each trait, highlighting different underlying biological pathways. Our results increase our understanding of diabetes pathophysiology by using trans-ancestry studies for improved power and resolution.
Published: 2021
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25. Semantic Search as Extractive Paraphrase Span Detection

Author: Kanerva, Jenna, Kitti, Hanna, Chang, Li-Hsin, Vahtola, Teemu, Creutz, Mathias, Ginter, Filip, Kanerva, Jenna, Kitti, Hanna, Chang, Li-Hsin, Vahtola, Teemu, Creutz, Mathias, and Ginter, Filip
Abstract: In this paper, we approach the problem of semantic search by framing the search task as paraphrase span detection, i.e. given a segment of text as a query phrase, the task is to identify its paraphrase in a given document, the same modelling setup as typically used in extractive question answering. On the Turku Paraphrase Corpus of 100,000 manually extracted Finnish paraphrase pairs including their original document context, we find that our paraphrase span detection model outperforms two strong retrieval baselines (lexical similarity and BERT sentence embeddings) by 31.9pp and 22.4pp respectively in terms of exact match, and by 22.3pp and 12.9pp in terms of token-level F-score. This demonstrates a strong advantage of modelling the task in terms of span retrieval, rather than sentence similarity. Additionally, we introduce a method for creating artificial paraphrase data through back-translation, suitable for languages where manually annotated paraphrase resources for training the span detection model are not available.
Published: 2021

26. Comparative expression of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic biosignatures in chronic HBV-infected patients with and without liver cirrhosis

Author: Barathan, Muttiah, Riazalhosseini, Behnaz, Iyadorai, Thevambiga, Vellasamy, Kumutha Malar, Vadivelu, Jamuna, Chang, Li-Yen, Zulpa, Ahmad Khusairy, Larsson, Marie, Shankar, Esaki M., Mohamed, Rosmawati, Barathan, Muttiah, Riazalhosseini, Behnaz, Iyadorai, Thevambiga, Vellasamy, Kumutha Malar, Vadivelu, Jamuna, Chang, Li-Yen, Zulpa, Ahmad Khusairy, Larsson, Marie, Shankar, Esaki M., and Mohamed, Rosmawati
Abstract: The interplay of immune mediators is paramount to optimal host anti-viral immune responses, especially against chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Here, we investigated the dynamic changes in host immune responses in chronic HBV-infected individuals with and without liver cirrhosis by examining the signatures of apoptosis and plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and cytotoxic proteins. A total of 40 chronic HBV patients with and without liver cirrhosis were studied for plasma levels of immune mediators, and signatures of apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The intracellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with chronic HBV with liver cirrhosis was relatively higher as compared to chronic HBV patients. The onset of apoptosis was sustained due to ongoing liver inflammation in concert with plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels. Plasma VEGF was upregulated among chronic HBV patients with liver cirrhosis, whereas CCL2, CCL5 and granzyme B levels were down-regulated. High levels of ROS, IL-6 and TNF-alpha correlated with ongoing inflammation among chronic HBV patients with liver cirrhosis, which likely attributed to the expression of biosignatures of apoptosis and activation in immune cells.
Published: 2021
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27. Annotation Guidelines for the Turku Paraphrase Corpus

Author: Kanerva, Jenna, Ginter, Filip, Chang, Li-Hsin, Rastas, Iiro, Skantsi, Valtteri, Kilpeläinen, Jemina, Kupari, Hanna-Mari, Piirto, Aurora, Saarni, Jenna, Sevón, Maija, Tarkka, Otto, Kanerva, Jenna, Ginter, Filip, Chang, Li-Hsin, Rastas, Iiro, Skantsi, Valtteri, Kilpeläinen, Jemina, Kupari, Hanna-Mari, Piirto, Aurora, Saarni, Jenna, Sevón, Maija, and Tarkka, Otto
Abstract: This document describes the annotation guidelines used to construct the Turku Paraphrase Corpus. These guidelines were developed together with the corpus annotation, revising and extending the guidelines regularly during the annotation work. Our paraphrase annotation scheme uses the base scale 1-4, where labels 1 and 2 are used for negative candidates (not paraphrases), while labels 3 and 4 are paraphrases at least in the given context if not everywhere. In addition to base labeling, the scheme is enriched with additional subcategories (flags) for categorizing different types of paraphrases inside the two positive labels, making the annotation scheme suitable for more fine-grained paraphrase categorization. The annotation scheme is used to annotate over 100,000 Finnish paraphrase pairs., Comment: The Turku Paraphrase Corpus is available at https://turkunlp.org/paraphrase.html
Published: 2021

28. Quantitative Evaluation of Alternative Translations in a Corpus of Highly Dissimilar Finnish Paraphrases

Author: Chang, Li-Hsin, Pyysalo, Sampo, Kanerva, Jenna, Ginter, Filip, Chang, Li-Hsin, Pyysalo, Sampo, Kanerva, Jenna, and Ginter, Filip
Abstract: In this paper, we present a quantitative evaluation of differences between alternative translations in a large recently released Finnish paraphrase corpus focusing in particular on non-trivial variation in translation. We combine a series of automatic steps detecting systematic variation with manual analysis to reveal regularities and identify categories of translation differences. We find the paraphrase corpus to contain highly non-trivial translation variants difficult to recognize through automatic approaches., Comment: Accepted to Workshop on MOdelling TRAnslation: Translatology in the Digital Age
Published: 2021

29. Deep learning for sentence clustering in essay grading support

Author: Chang, Li-Hsin, Rastas, Iiro, Pyysalo, Sampo, Ginter, Filip, Chang, Li-Hsin, Rastas, Iiro, Pyysalo, Sampo, and Ginter, Filip
Abstract: Essays as a form of assessment test student knowledge on a deeper level than short answer and multiple-choice questions. However, the manual evaluation of essays is time- and labor-consuming. Automatic clustering of essays, or their fragments, prior to manual evaluation presents a possible solution to reducing the effort required in the evaluation process. Such clustering presents numerous challenges due to the variability and ambiguity of natural language. In this paper, we introduce two datasets of undergraduate student essays in Finnish, manually annotated for salient arguments on the sentence level. Using these datasets, we evaluate several deep-learning embedding methods for their suitability to sentence clustering in support of essay grading. We find that the choice of the most suitable method depends on the nature of the exam question and the answers, with deep-learning methods being capable of, but not guaranteeing better performance over simpler methods based on lexical overlap., Comment: Accepted to EDM 2021
Published: 2021

30. Finnish Paraphrase Corpus

Author: Kanerva, Jenna, Ginter, Filip, Chang, Li-Hsin, Rastas, Iiro, Skantsi, Valtteri, Kilpeläinen, Jemina, Kupari, Hanna-Mari, Saarni, Jenna, Sevón, Maija, Tarkka, Otto, Kanerva, Jenna, Ginter, Filip, Chang, Li-Hsin, Rastas, Iiro, Skantsi, Valtteri, Kilpeläinen, Jemina, Kupari, Hanna-Mari, Saarni, Jenna, Sevón, Maija, and Tarkka, Otto
Abstract: In this paper, we introduce the first fully manually annotated paraphrase corpus for Finnish containing 53,572 paraphrase pairs harvested from alternative subtitles and news headings. Out of all paraphrase pairs in our corpus 98% are manually classified to be paraphrases at least in their given context, if not in all contexts. Additionally, we establish a manual candidate selection method and demonstrate its feasibility in high quality paraphrase selection in terms of both cost and quality., Comment: Accepted to NoDaLiDa 2021, data: https://github.com/TurkuNLP/Turku-paraphrase-corpus
Published: 2021

31. Identification of type 2 diabetes loci in 433,540 East Asian individuals.

Author: Spracklen, Cassandra N, Spracklen, Cassandra N, Horikoshi, Momoko, Kim, Young Jin, Lin, Kuang, Bragg, Fiona, Moon, Sanghoon, Suzuki, Ken, Tam, Claudia HT, Tabara, Yasuharu, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Long, Jirong, Lim, Victor JY, Chai, Jin-Fang, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Yao, Jie, Choi, Hyeok Sun, Iyengar, Apoorva K, Perrin, Hannah J, Brotman, Sarah M, van de Bunt, Martijn, Gloyn, Anna L, Below, Jennifer E, Boehnke, Michael, Bowden, Donald W, Chambers, John C, Mahajan, Anubha, McCarthy, Mark I, Ng, Maggie CY, Petty, Lauren E, Zhang, Weihua, Morris, Andrew P, Adair, Linda S, Akiyama, Masato, Bian, Zheng, Chan, Juliana CN, Chang, Li-Ching, Chee, Miao-Li, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Chen, Zhengming, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Du, Shufa, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gross, Myron, Guo, Xiuqing, Guo, Yu, Han, Sohee, Howard, Annie-Green, Huang, Wei, Hung, Yi-Jen, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Hwu, Chii-Min, Ichihara, Sahoko, Isono, Masato, Jang, Hye-Mi, Jiang, Guozhi, Jonas, Jost B, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kohara, Katsuhiko, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Nanette R, Li, Liming, Liu, Jianjun, Luk, Andrea O, Lv, Jun, Okada, Yukinori, Pereira, Mark A, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Shi, Jinxiu, Shin, Dong Mun, So, Wing Yee, Takahashi, Atsushi, Tomlinson, Brian, Tsai, Fuu-Jen, van Dam, Rob M, Xiang, Yong-Bing, Yamamoto, Ken, Yamauchi, Toshimasa, Yoon, Kyungheon, Yu, Canqing, Yuan, Jian-Min, Zhang, Liang, Zheng, Wei, Igase, Michiya, Cho, Yoon Shin, Rotter, Jerome I, Wang, Ya-Xing, Sheu, Wayne HH, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Wong, Tien-Yin, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Kato, Norihiro, Park, Kyong-Soo, Spracklen, Cassandra N, Spracklen, Cassandra N, Horikoshi, Momoko, Kim, Young Jin, Lin, Kuang, Bragg, Fiona, Moon, Sanghoon, Suzuki, Ken, Tam, Claudia HT, Tabara, Yasuharu, Kwak, Soo-Heon, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Long, Jirong, Lim, Victor JY, Chai, Jin-Fang, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Yao, Jie, Choi, Hyeok Sun, Iyengar, Apoorva K, Perrin, Hannah J, Brotman, Sarah M, van de Bunt, Martijn, Gloyn, Anna L, Below, Jennifer E, Boehnke, Michael, Bowden, Donald W, Chambers, John C, Mahajan, Anubha, McCarthy, Mark I, Ng, Maggie CY, Petty, Lauren E, Zhang, Weihua, Morris, Andrew P, Adair, Linda S, Akiyama, Masato, Bian, Zheng, Chan, Juliana CN, Chang, Li-Ching, Chee, Miao-Li, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Chen, Zhengming, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Du, Shufa, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gross, Myron, Guo, Xiuqing, Guo, Yu, Han, Sohee, Howard, Annie-Green, Huang, Wei, Hung, Yi-Jen, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Hwu, Chii-Min, Ichihara, Sahoko, Isono, Masato, Jang, Hye-Mi, Jiang, Guozhi, Jonas, Jost B, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kohara, Katsuhiko, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Nanette R, Li, Liming, Liu, Jianjun, Luk, Andrea O, Lv, Jun, Okada, Yukinori, Pereira, Mark A, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Shi, Jinxiu, Shin, Dong Mun, So, Wing Yee, Takahashi, Atsushi, Tomlinson, Brian, Tsai, Fuu-Jen, van Dam, Rob M, Xiang, Yong-Bing, Yamamoto, Ken, Yamauchi, Toshimasa, Yoon, Kyungheon, Yu, Canqing, Yuan, Jian-Min, Zhang, Liang, Zheng, Wei, Igase, Michiya, Cho, Yoon Shin, Rotter, Jerome I, Wang, Ya-Xing, Sheu, Wayne HH, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Wong, Tien-Yin, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Kato, Norihiro, and Park, Kyong-Soo
Abstract: Meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 240 loci that are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D)1,2; however, most of these loci have been identified in analyses of individuals with European ancestry. Here, to examine T2D risk in East Asian individuals, we carried out a meta-analysis of GWAS data from 77,418 individuals with T2D and 356,122 healthy control individuals. In the main analysis, we identified 301 distinct association signals at 183 loci, and across T2D association models with and without consideration of body mass index and sex, we identified 61 loci that are newly implicated in predisposition to T2D. Common variants associated with T2D in both East Asian and European populations exhibited strongly correlated effect sizes. Previously undescribed associations include signals in or near GDAP1, PTF1A, SIX3, ALDH2, a microRNA cluster, and genes that affect the differentiation of muscle and adipose cells3. At another locus, expression quantitative trait loci at two overlapping T2D signals affect two genes-NKX6-3 and ANK1-in different tissues4-6. Association studies in diverse populations identify additional loci and elucidate disease-associated genes, biology, and pathways.
Published: 2020

32. Towards Fully Bilingual Deep Language Modeling

Author: Chang, Li-Hsin, Pyysalo, Sampo, Kanerva, Jenna, Ginter, Filip, Chang, Li-Hsin, Pyysalo, Sampo, Kanerva, Jenna, and Ginter, Filip
Abstract: Language models based on deep neural networks have facilitated great advances in natural language processing and understanding tasks in recent years. While models covering a large number of languages have been introduced, their multilinguality has come at a cost in terms of monolingual performance, and the best-performing models at most tasks not involving cross-lingual transfer remain monolingual. In this paper, we consider the question of whether it is possible to pre-train a bilingual model for two remotely related languages without compromising performance at either language. We collect pre-training data, create a Finnish-English bilingual BERT model and evaluate its performance on datasets used to evaluate the corresponding monolingual models. Our bilingual model performs on par with Google's original English BERT on GLUE and nearly matches the performance of monolingual Finnish BERT on a range of Finnish NLP tasks, clearly outperforming multilingual BERT. We find that when the model vocabulary size is increased, the BERT-Base architecture has sufficient capacity to learn two remotely related languages to a level where it achieves comparable performance with monolingual models, demonstrating the feasibility of training fully bilingual deep language models. The model and all tools involved in its creation are freely available at https://github.com/TurkuNLP/biBERT
Published: 2020

33. Benzodiazepine receptors in the mammalian central nervous system

Author: Chang, Li-Ren
Subjects: 572
Published: 1981

34. NGEMM: Optimizing GEMM for Deep Learning via Compiler-based Techniques

Author: Bao, Wenlei, Chang, Li-Wen, Chen, Yang, Deng, Ke, Agarwal, Amit, Barsoum, Emad, Taha, Abe, Bao, Wenlei, Chang, Li-Wen, Chen, Yang, Deng, Ke, Agarwal, Amit, Barsoum, Emad, and Taha, Abe
Abstract: Quantization has emerged to be an effective way to significantly boost the performance of deep neural networks (DNNs) by utilizing low-bit computations. Despite having lower numerical precision, quantized DNNs are able to reduce both memory bandwidth and computation cycles with little losses of accuracy. Integer GEMM (General Matrix Multiplication) is critical to running quantized DNN models efficiently, as GEMM operations often dominate the computations in these models. Various approaches have been developed by leveraging techniques such as vectorization and memory layout to improve the performance of integer GEMM. However, these existing approaches are not fast enough in certain scenarios. We developed NGEMM, a compiler-based GEMM implementation for accelerating lower-precision training and inference. NGEMM has better use of the vector units by avoiding unnecessary vector computation that is introduced during tree reduction. We compared NGEMM's performance with the state-of-art BLAS libraries such as MKL. Our experimental results showed that NGEMM outperformed MKL non-pack and pack version by an average of 1.86x and 1.16x, respectively. We have applied NGEMM to a number of production services in Microsoft., Comment: Comments: performance figure updated, experiments added, formula corrected, references added
Published: 2019

35. Interethnic analyses of blood pressure loci in populations of East Asian and European descent

Author: Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Akiyama, Masato, Matoba, Nana, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Tabara, Yasuharu, Narita, Akira, Saw, Woei-Yuh, Moon, Sanghoon, Spracklen, Cassandra N., Chai, Jin-Fang, Kim, Young-Jin, Zhang, Liang, Wang, Chaolong, Li, Huaixing, Li, Honglan, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Dorajoo, Rajkumar, Nierenberg, Jovia L., Wang, Ya Xing, He, Jing, Bennett, Derrick A., Takahashi, Atsushi, Momozawa, Yukihide, Hirata, Makoto, Matsuda, Koichi, Rakugi, Hiromi, Nakashima, Eitaro, Isono, Masato, Shirota, Matsuyuki, Hozawa, Atsushi, Ichihara, Sahoko, Matsubara, Tatsuaki, Yamamoto, Ken, Kohara, Katsuhiko, Igase, Michiya, Han, Sohee, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Huang, Wei, Lee, Nanette R., Adair, Linda S., Hwang, Mi Yeong, Lee, Juyoung, Chee, Miao Li, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Zhao, Wanting, Liu, Jianjun, Reilly, Dermot F., Sun, Liang, Huo, Shaofeng, Edwards, Todd L., Long, Jirong, Chang, Li-Ching, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Yuan, Jian-Min, Koh, Woon-Puay, Friedlander, Yechiel, Kelly, Tanika N., Bin Wei, Wen, Xu, Liang, Cai, Hui, Xiang, Yong-Bing, Lin, Kuang, Clarke, Robert, Walters, Robin G., Millwood, Iona Y., Li, Liming, Chambers, John C., Kooner, Jaspal S., Elliott, Paul, van der Harst, Pim, Chen, Zhengming, Sasaki, Makoto, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Jonas, Jost B., He, Jiang, Heng, Chew-Kiat, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Zheng, Wei, Lin, Xu, Teo, Yik-Ying, Tai, E-Shyong, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Wong, Tien Yin, Sim, Xueling, Mohlke, Karen L., Yamamoto, Masayuki, Kim, Bong-Jo, Miki, Tetsuro, Nabika, Toru, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kubo, Michiaki, Kato, Norihiro, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Akiyama, Masato, Matoba, Nana, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Tabara, Yasuharu, Narita, Akira, Saw, Woei-Yuh, Moon, Sanghoon, Spracklen, Cassandra N., Chai, Jin-Fang, Kim, Young-Jin, Zhang, Liang, Wang, Chaolong, Li, Huaixing, Li, Honglan, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Dorajoo, Rajkumar, Nierenberg, Jovia L., Wang, Ya Xing, He, Jing, Bennett, Derrick A., Takahashi, Atsushi, Momozawa, Yukihide, Hirata, Makoto, Matsuda, Koichi, Rakugi, Hiromi, Nakashima, Eitaro, Isono, Masato, Shirota, Matsuyuki, Hozawa, Atsushi, Ichihara, Sahoko, Matsubara, Tatsuaki, Yamamoto, Ken, Kohara, Katsuhiko, Igase, Michiya, Han, Sohee, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Huang, Wei, Lee, Nanette R., Adair, Linda S., Hwang, Mi Yeong, Lee, Juyoung, Chee, Miao Li, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Zhao, Wanting, Liu, Jianjun, Reilly, Dermot F., Sun, Liang, Huo, Shaofeng, Edwards, Todd L., Long, Jirong, Chang, Li-Ching, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Yuan, Jian-Min, Koh, Woon-Puay, Friedlander, Yechiel, Kelly, Tanika N., Bin Wei, Wen, Xu, Liang, Cai, Hui, Xiang, Yong-Bing, Lin, Kuang, Clarke, Robert, Walters, Robin G., Millwood, Iona Y., Li, Liming, Chambers, John C., Kooner, Jaspal S., Elliott, Paul, van der Harst, Pim, Chen, Zhengming, Sasaki, Makoto, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Jonas, Jost B., He, Jiang, Heng, Chew-Kiat, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Zheng, Wei, Lin, Xu, Teo, Yik-Ying, Tai, E-Shyong, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Wong, Tien Yin, Sim, Xueling, Mohlke, Karen L., Yamamoto, Masayuki, Kim, Bong-Jo, Miki, Tetsuro, Nabika, Toru, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kubo, Michiaki, and Kato, Norihiro
Abstract: Blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and more than 200 genetic loci associated with BP are known. Here, we perform a multi-stage genome-wide association study for BP (max N = 289,038) principally in East Asians and meta-analysis in East Asians and Europeans. We report 19 new genetic loci and ancestry-specific BP variants, conforming to a common ancestry-specific variant association model. At 10 unique loci, distinct non-rare ancestry-specific variants colocalize within the same linkage disequilibrium block despite the significantly discordant effects for the proxy shared variants between the ethnic groups. The genome-wide transethnic correlation of causal-variant effect-sizes is 0.898 and 0.851 for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. Some of the ancestry-specific association signals are also influenced by a selective sweep. Our results provide new evidence for the role of common ancestry-specific variants and natural selection in ethnic differences in complex traits such as BP.
Published: 2018
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36. Global importance of large-diameter trees

Author: Lutz, James A., Furniss, Tucker J., Johnson, Daniel J., Davies, Stuart J., Allen, David, Alonso, Alfonso, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J., Andrade, Ana, Baltzer, Jennifer, Becker, Kendall M.L., Blomdahl, Erika M., Bourg, Norman A., Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Burslem, David F.R.P., Cansler, C. Alina, Cao, Ke, Cao, Min, Cárdenas, Dairon, Chang, Li-Wan, Chao, Kuo-Jung, Chao, Wei-Chun, Chiang, Jyh-Min, Chu, Chengjin, Chuyong, George B., Clay, Keith, Condit, Richard, Cordell, Susan, Dattaraja, Handanakere S., Duque, Alvaro, Ewango, Corneille E.N., Fischer, Gunter A., Fletcher, Christine, Freund, James A., Giardina, Christian, Germain, Sara J., Gilbert, Gregory S., Hao, Zhanqing, Hart, Terese, Hau, Billy C.H., He, Fangliang, Hector, Andrew, Howe, Robert W., Hsieh, Chang-Fu, Hu, Yue-Hua, Hubbell, Stephen P., Inman-Narahari, Faith M., Itoh, Akira, Janík, David, Kassim, Abdul Rahman, Kenfack, David, Korte, Lisa, Král, Kamil, Larson, Andrew J., Li, YiDe, Lin, Yiching, Liu, Shirong, Lum, Shawn, Ma, Keping, Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, McMahon, Sean M., McShea, William J., Memiaghe, Hervé R., Mi, Xiangcheng, Morecroft, Michael, Musili, Paul M., Myers, Jonathan A., Novotny, Vojtech, de Oliveira, Alexandre, Ong, Perry, Orwig, David A., Ostertag, Rebecca, Parker, Geoffrey G., Patankar, Rajit, Phillips, Richard P., Reynolds, Glen, Sack, Lawren, Song, Guo-Zhang M., Su, Sheng-Hsin, Sukumar, Raman, Sun, I-Fang, Suresh, Hebbalalu S., Swanson, Mark E., Tan, Sylvester, Thomas, Duncan W., Thompson, Jill, Uriarte, Maria, Valencia, Renato, Vicentini, Alberto, Vrška, Tomáš, Wang, Xugao, Weiblen, George D., Wolf, Amy, Wu, Shu-Hui, Xu, Han, Yamakura, Takuo, Yap, Sandra, Zimmerman, Jess K., Lutz, James A., Furniss, Tucker J., Johnson, Daniel J., Davies, Stuart J., Allen, David, Alonso, Alfonso, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J., Andrade, Ana, Baltzer, Jennifer, Becker, Kendall M.L., Blomdahl, Erika M., Bourg, Norman A., Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Burslem, David F.R.P., Cansler, C. Alina, Cao, Ke, Cao, Min, Cárdenas, Dairon, Chang, Li-Wan, Chao, Kuo-Jung, Chao, Wei-Chun, Chiang, Jyh-Min, Chu, Chengjin, Chuyong, George B., Clay, Keith, Condit, Richard, Cordell, Susan, Dattaraja, Handanakere S., Duque, Alvaro, Ewango, Corneille E.N., Fischer, Gunter A., Fletcher, Christine, Freund, James A., Giardina, Christian, Germain, Sara J., Gilbert, Gregory S., Hao, Zhanqing, Hart, Terese, Hau, Billy C.H., He, Fangliang, Hector, Andrew, Howe, Robert W., Hsieh, Chang-Fu, Hu, Yue-Hua, Hubbell, Stephen P., Inman-Narahari, Faith M., Itoh, Akira, Janík, David, Kassim, Abdul Rahman, Kenfack, David, Korte, Lisa, Král, Kamil, Larson, Andrew J., Li, YiDe, Lin, Yiching, Liu, Shirong, Lum, Shawn, Ma, Keping, Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, McMahon, Sean M., McShea, William J., Memiaghe, Hervé R., Mi, Xiangcheng, Morecroft, Michael, Musili, Paul M., Myers, Jonathan A., Novotny, Vojtech, de Oliveira, Alexandre, Ong, Perry, Orwig, David A., Ostertag, Rebecca, Parker, Geoffrey G., Patankar, Rajit, Phillips, Richard P., Reynolds, Glen, Sack, Lawren, Song, Guo-Zhang M., Su, Sheng-Hsin, Sukumar, Raman, Sun, I-Fang, Suresh, Hebbalalu S., Swanson, Mark E., Tan, Sylvester, Thomas, Duncan W., Thompson, Jill, Uriarte, Maria, Valencia, Renato, Vicentini, Alberto, Vrška, Tomáš, Wang, Xugao, Weiblen, George D., Wolf, Amy, Wu, Shu-Hui, Xu, Han, Yamakura, Takuo, Yap, Sandra, and Zimmerman, Jess K.
Abstract: Aim: To examine the contribution of large‐diameter trees to biomass, stand structure, and species richness across forest biomes. Location: Global. Time period: Early 21st century. Major taxa studied: Woody plants. Methods: We examined the contribution of large trees to forest density, richness and biomass using a global network of 48 large (from 2 to 60 ha) forest plots representing 5,601,473 stems across 9,298 species and 210 plant families. This contribution was assessed using three metrics: the largest 1% of trees ≥ 1 cm diameter at breast height (DBH), all trees ≥ 60 cm DBH, and those rank‐ordered largest trees that cumulatively comprise 50% of forest biomass. Results: Averaged across these 48 forest plots, the largest 1% of trees ≥ 1 cm DBH comprised 50% of aboveground live biomass, with hectare‐scale standard deviation of 26%. Trees ≥ 60 cm DBH comprised 41% of aboveground live tree biomass. The size of the largest trees correlated with total forest biomass (r2 = .62, p < .001). Large‐diameter trees in high biomass forests represented far fewer species relative to overall forest richness (r2 = .45, p < .001). Forests with more diverse large‐diameter tree communities were comprised of smaller trees (r2 = .33, p < .001). Lower large‐diameter richness was associated with large‐diameter trees being individuals of more common species (r2 = .17, p = .002). The concentration of biomass in the largest 1% of trees declined with increasing absolute latitude (r2 = .46, p < .001), as did forest density (r2 = .31, p < .001). Forest structural complexity increased with increasing absolute latitude (r2 = .26, p < .001). Main conclusions: Because large‐diameter trees constitute roughly half of the mature forest biomass worldwide, their dynamics and sensitivities to environmental change represent potentially large controls on global forest carbon cycling. We recommend managing forests for conservation of existing large‐diameter trees or those that can soon reach large diameter
Published: 2018

37. Interethnic analyses of blood pressure loci in populations of East Asian and European descent

Author: Takeuchi Fumihiko, Akiyama Masato, Matoba Nana, Katsuya Tomohiro, Nakatochi Masahiro, Tabara Yasuharu, Narita Akira, Saw Woei-Yuh, Moon Sanghoon, Spracklen Cassandra N., Chai Jin-Fang, Kim Young-Jin, Zhang Liang, Wang Chaolong, Li Huaixing, Li Honglan, Wu Jer-Yuarn, Dorajoo Rajkumar, Nierenberg Jovia L., Wang Ya Xing, He Jing, Bennett Derrick A., Takahashi Atsushi, Momozawa Yukihide, Hirata Makoto, Matsuda Koichi, Rakugi Hiromi, Nakashima Eitaro, Isono Masato, Shirota Matsuyuki, Hozawa Atsushi, Ichihara Sahoko, Matsubara Tatsuaki, Yamamoto Ken, Kohara Katsuhiko, Igase Michiya, Han Sohee, Gordon-Larsen Penny, Huang Wei, Lee Nanette R., Adair Linda S., Hwang Mi Yeong, Lee Juyoung, Chee Miao Li, Sabanayagam Charumathi, Zhao Wanting, Liu Jianjun, Reilly Dermot F., Sun Liang, Huo Shaofeng, Edwards Todd L., Long Jirong, Chang Li-Ching, Chen Chien-Hsiun, Yuan Jian-Min, Koh Woon-Puay, Friedlander Yechiel, Kelly Tanika N., Wei Wen Bin, Xu Liang, Cai Hui, Xiang Yong-Bing, Lin Kuang, Clarke Robert, Walters Robin G., Millwood Iona Y., Li Liming, Chambers John C., Kooner Jaspal S., Elliott Paul, van der Harst Pim, Chen Zhengming, Sasaki Makoto, Shu Xiao-Ou, Jonas Jost B., He Jiang, Heng Chew-Kiat, Chen Yuan-Tsong, Zheng Wei, Lin Xu, Teo Yik-Ying, Tai E-Shyong, Cheng Ching-Yu, Wong Tien Yin, Sim Xueling, Mohlke Karen L., Yamamoto Masayuki, Kim Bong-Jo, Miki Tetsuro, Nabika, Toru, Yokota Mitsuhiro, Kamatani Yoichiro, Kubo Michiaki, Kato Norihiro, Takeuchi Fumihiko, Akiyama Masato, Matoba Nana, Katsuya Tomohiro, Nakatochi Masahiro, Tabara Yasuharu, Narita Akira, Saw Woei-Yuh, Moon Sanghoon, Spracklen Cassandra N., Chai Jin-Fang, Kim Young-Jin, Zhang Liang, Wang Chaolong, Li Huaixing, Li Honglan, Wu Jer-Yuarn, Dorajoo Rajkumar, Nierenberg Jovia L., Wang Ya Xing, He Jing, Bennett Derrick A., Takahashi Atsushi, Momozawa Yukihide, Hirata Makoto, Matsuda Koichi, Rakugi Hiromi, Nakashima Eitaro, Isono Masato, Shirota Matsuyuki, Hozawa Atsushi, Ichihara Sahoko, Matsubara Tatsuaki, Yamamoto Ken, Kohara Katsuhiko, Igase Michiya, Han Sohee, Gordon-Larsen Penny, Huang Wei, Lee Nanette R., Adair Linda S., Hwang Mi Yeong, Lee Juyoung, Chee Miao Li, Sabanayagam Charumathi, Zhao Wanting, Liu Jianjun, Reilly Dermot F., Sun Liang, Huo Shaofeng, Edwards Todd L., Long Jirong, Chang Li-Ching, Chen Chien-Hsiun, Yuan Jian-Min, Koh Woon-Puay, Friedlander Yechiel, Kelly Tanika N., Wei Wen Bin, Xu Liang, Cai Hui, Xiang Yong-Bing, Lin Kuang, Clarke Robert, Walters Robin G., Millwood Iona Y., Li Liming, Chambers John C., Kooner Jaspal S., Elliott Paul, van der Harst Pim, Chen Zhengming, Sasaki Makoto, Shu Xiao-Ou, Jonas Jost B., He Jiang, Heng Chew-Kiat, Chen Yuan-Tsong, Zheng Wei, Lin Xu, Teo Yik-Ying, Tai E-Shyong, Cheng Ching-Yu, Wong Tien Yin, Sim Xueling, Mohlke Karen L., Yamamoto Masayuki, Kim Bong-Jo, Miki Tetsuro, Nabika, Toru, Yokota Mitsuhiro, Kamatani Yoichiro, Kubo Michiaki, and Kato Norihiro
Published: 2018

38. Electrical Detection of Spin Transport in Silicon Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Systems

Author: Chang, Li-Te, Wang, Kang Lung1, Chang, Li-Te, Chang, Li-Te, Wang, Kang Lung1, and Chang, Li-Te
Abstract: Electrical detection of spin transport in a semiconductor (SC) channel is one of the key requirements to realize spintronics devices. Among various SC materials, the high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confined in a modulation doped quantum well structure (MODQW) is of particular interest for device applications. This is because the high mobility promises for a long spin diffusion length of coherent transport as well as large spin signal for easy sensing. Meanwhile, the effective spin manipulation is achievable either by enhanced Rashba spin-orbit interaction from an asymmetric E-field structure, or by direct control of discrete density of states (DOS) within the quantum well structure. Despite of these merits, very few studies of direct electrical spin injection into 2DEG have been reported so far, mainly because of the difficulty in making reliable ferromagnetic (FM) contacts to the buried 2DEG channel. In literature, only a few reports in Si/SiO2 and III-V matrices are available up to now; however, electrical detection of spin transport in the high-mobility 2DEG in a Si/SiGe MODQW has not been reported. To make continuous progress of Si-based spintronics and to take full advantage of current CMOS technology, there is an urgent need to develop Si-based spintronics devices. In this thesis we present two related projects: first is spin injection in Ge; second is spin injection in Si two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system. It is the knowledge built up from the Ge project helps us successfully demonstrate electrical spin injection in Si 2DEG in a Si/SiGe MODQW using FM Mn-germanosilicide (Mn(Si0.7Ge0.3)x) end contacts, which is a new approach to circumvent the difficulty of etching process adopted for the typical spin valve devices. The experiments show that the spin-polarized electrons could be laterally injected into one side of the 2DEG confined at the Si/SiGe interface, and subsequently detected from the other side by the magnetoresistance (MR) o
Published: 2015

39. Impact of common genetic determinants of Hemoglobin A1c on type 2 diabetes risk and diagnosis in ancestrally diverse populations : A transethnic genome-wide meta-analysis

Author: Wheeler, Eleanor, Leong, Aaron, Liu, Ching-Ti, Hivert, Marie-France, Strawbridge, Rona J., Podmore, Clara, Li, Man, Yao, Jie, Sim, Xueling, Hong, Jaeyoung, Chu, Audrey Y., Zhang, Weihua, Wang, Xu, Chen, Peng, Maruthur, Nisa M., Porneala, Bianca C., Sharp, Stephen J., Jia, Yucheng, Kabagambe, Edmond K., Chang, Li-Ching, Chen, Wei-Min, Elks, Cathy E., Evans, Daniel S., Fan, Qiao, Giulianini, Franco, Go, Min Jin, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Hu, Yao, Jackson, Anne U., Kanoni, Stavroula, Kim, Young Jin, Kleber, Marcus E., Ladenvall, Claes, Lecoeur, Cecile, Lim, Sing-Hui, Lu, Yingchang, Mahajan, Anubha, Marzi, Carola, Nalls, Mike A., Navarro, Pau, Nolte, Ilja M., Rose, Lynda M., Rybin, Denis V., Sanna, Serena, Shi, Yuan, Stram, Daniel O., Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Tan, Shu Pei, van der Most, Peter J., Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V., Wong, Andrew, Yengo, Loic, Zhao, Wanting, Goel, Anuj, Martinez Larrad, Maria Teresa, Radke, Doert, Salo, Perttu, Tanaka, Toshiko, van Iperen, Erik P. A., Abecasis, Goncalo, Afaq, Saima, Alizadeh, Behrooz Z., Bertoni, Alain G., Bonnefond, Amelia, Boettcher, Yvonne, Bottinger, Erwin P., Campbell, Harry, Carlson, Olga D., Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Cho, Yoon Shin, Garvey, W. Timothy, Gieger, Christian, Goodarzi, Mark O., Grallert, Harald, Hamsten, Anders, Hartman, Catharina A., Herder, Christian, Hsiung, Chao Agnes, Huang, Jie, Igase, Michiya, Isono, Masato, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kiess, Wieland, Kohara, Katsuhiko, Kovacs, Peter, Lee, Juyoung, Lee, Wen-Jane, Lehne, Benjamin, Li, Huaixing, Liu, Jianjun, Lobbens, Stephane, Luang, Jian'an, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Meitinger, Thomas, Miki, Tetsuro, Miljkovic, Iva, Moon, Sanghoon, Mulas, Antonella, Mueller, Gabriele, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Nagaraja, Ramaiah, Nauck, Matthias, Pankow, James S., Polasek, Ozren, Prokopenko, Inga, Ramos, Paula S., Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Rich, Stephen S., Robertson, Neil R., Roden, Michael, Roussel, Ronan, Rudan, Igor, Scott, Robert A., Scott, William R., Sennblad, Bengt, Siscovick, David S., Strauch, Konstantin, Sun, Liang, Swertz, Morris, Tajuddin, Salman M., Taylor, Kent D., Teo, Yik-Ying, Tham, Yih Chung, Toenjes, Anke, Wareham, Nicholas J., Willemsen, Gonneke, Wilsgaard, Tom, Hingorani, Aroon D., Egan, Josephine, Ferrucci, Luigi, Hovingh, G. Kees, Jula, Antti, Kivimaki, Mika, Kumari, Meena, Njolstad, Inger, Palmer, Colin N. A., Serrano Rios, Manuel, Stumvoll, Michael, Watkins, Hugh, Aung, Tin, Blueher, Matthias, Boehnke, Michael, Boomsma, Dorret I., Bornstein, Stefan R., Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel I., Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chen, Yduan-Tsong, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cucca, Francesco, de Geus, Eco J. C., Deloukas, Panos, Evans, Michele K., Fornage, Myriam, Friedlander, Yechiel, Froguel, Philippe, Groop, Leif, Gross, Myron D., Harris, Tamara B., Hayward, Caroline, Heng, Chew-Kiat, Ingelsson, Erik, Kato, Norihiro, Kim, Bong-Jo, Koh, Woon-Puay, Kooner, Jaspal S., Koerner, Antje, Kuh, Diana, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lin, Xu, Liu, Yongmei, Loos, Ruth J. F., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Maerz, Winfried, McCarthy, Mark I., Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Ong, Ken K., Pedersen, Nancy L., Pereira, Mark A., Peters, Annette, Ridker, Paul M., Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sale, Michele, Saleheen, Danish, Saltevo, Juha, Schwarz, Peter E. H., Sheu, Wayne H. H., Snieder, Harold, Spector, Timothy D., Tabara, Yasuharu, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, van Dam, Rob M., Wilson, James G., Wilson, James F., Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R., Wong, Tien Yin, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Yuan, Jian-Min, Zonderman, Alan B., Soranzo, Nicole, Guo, Xiuqing, Roberts, David J., Florez, Jose C., Sladek, Robert, Dupuis, Josee, Morris, Andrew P., Tai, E-Shyong, Selvin, Elizabeth, Rotter, Jerome I., Langenberg, Claudia, Barroso, Ines, Meigs, James B., Wheeler, Eleanor, Leong, Aaron, Liu, Ching-Ti, Hivert, Marie-France, Strawbridge, Rona J., Podmore, Clara, Li, Man, Yao, Jie, Sim, Xueling, Hong, Jaeyoung, Chu, Audrey Y., Zhang, Weihua, Wang, Xu, Chen, Peng, Maruthur, Nisa M., Porneala, Bianca C., Sharp, Stephen J., Jia, Yucheng, Kabagambe, Edmond K., Chang, Li-Ching, Chen, Wei-Min, Elks, Cathy E., Evans, Daniel S., Fan, Qiao, Giulianini, Franco, Go, Min Jin, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Hu, Yao, Jackson, Anne U., Kanoni, Stavroula, Kim, Young Jin, Kleber, Marcus E., Ladenvall, Claes, Lecoeur, Cecile, Lim, Sing-Hui, Lu, Yingchang, Mahajan, Anubha, Marzi, Carola, Nalls, Mike A., Navarro, Pau, Nolte, Ilja M., Rose, Lynda M., Rybin, Denis V., Sanna, Serena, Shi, Yuan, Stram, Daniel O., Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Tan, Shu Pei, van der Most, Peter J., Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V., Wong, Andrew, Yengo, Loic, Zhao, Wanting, Goel, Anuj, Martinez Larrad, Maria Teresa, Radke, Doert, Salo, Perttu, Tanaka, Toshiko, van Iperen, Erik P. A., Abecasis, Goncalo, Afaq, Saima, Alizadeh, Behrooz Z., Bertoni, Alain G., Bonnefond, Amelia, Boettcher, Yvonne, Bottinger, Erwin P., Campbell, Harry, Carlson, Olga D., Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Cho, Yoon Shin, Garvey, W. Timothy, Gieger, Christian, Goodarzi, Mark O., Grallert, Harald, Hamsten, Anders, Hartman, Catharina A., Herder, Christian, Hsiung, Chao Agnes, Huang, Jie, Igase, Michiya, Isono, Masato, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kiess, Wieland, Kohara, Katsuhiko, Kovacs, Peter, Lee, Juyoung, Lee, Wen-Jane, Lehne, Benjamin, Li, Huaixing, Liu, Jianjun, Lobbens, Stephane, Luang, Jian'an, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Meitinger, Thomas, Miki, Tetsuro, Miljkovic, Iva, Moon, Sanghoon, Mulas, Antonella, Mueller, Gabriele, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Nagaraja, Ramaiah, Nauck, Matthias, Pankow, James S., Polasek, Ozren, Prokopenko, Inga, Ramos, Paula S., Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Rich, Stephen S., Robertson, Neil R., Roden, Michael, Roussel, Ronan, Rudan, Igor, Scott, Robert A., Scott, William R., Sennblad, Bengt, Siscovick, David S., Strauch, Konstantin, Sun, Liang, Swertz, Morris, Tajuddin, Salman M., Taylor, Kent D., Teo, Yik-Ying, Tham, Yih Chung, Toenjes, Anke, Wareham, Nicholas J., Willemsen, Gonneke, Wilsgaard, Tom, Hingorani, Aroon D., Egan, Josephine, Ferrucci, Luigi, Hovingh, G. Kees, Jula, Antti, Kivimaki, Mika, Kumari, Meena, Njolstad, Inger, Palmer, Colin N. A., Serrano Rios, Manuel, Stumvoll, Michael, Watkins, Hugh, Aung, Tin, Blueher, Matthias, Boehnke, Michael, Boomsma, Dorret I., Bornstein, Stefan R., Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel I., Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Chen, Yduan-Tsong, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cucca, Francesco, de Geus, Eco J. C., Deloukas, Panos, Evans, Michele K., Fornage, Myriam, Friedlander, Yechiel, Froguel, Philippe, Groop, Leif, Gross, Myron D., Harris, Tamara B., Hayward, Caroline, Heng, Chew-Kiat, Ingelsson, Erik, Kato, Norihiro, Kim, Bong-Jo, Koh, Woon-Puay, Kooner, Jaspal S., Koerner, Antje, Kuh, Diana, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lin, Xu, Liu, Yongmei, Loos, Ruth J. F., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Maerz, Winfried, McCarthy, Mark I., Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Ong, Ken K., Pedersen, Nancy L., Pereira, Mark A., Peters, Annette, Ridker, Paul M., Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sale, Michele, Saleheen, Danish, Saltevo, Juha, Schwarz, Peter E. H., Sheu, Wayne H. H., Snieder, Harold, Spector, Timothy D., Tabara, Yasuharu, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, van Dam, Rob M., Wilson, James G., Wilson, James F., Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R., Wong, Tien Yin, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Yuan, Jian-Min, Zonderman, Alan B., Soranzo, Nicole, Guo, Xiuqing, Roberts, David J., Florez, Jose C., Sladek, Robert, Dupuis, Josee, Morris, Andrew P., Tai, E-Shyong, Selvin, Elizabeth, Rotter, Jerome I., Langenberg, Claudia, Barroso, Ines, and Meigs, James B.
Abstract: Background: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used to diagnose type 2 diabetes (T2D) and assess glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 18 HbA1c-associated genetic variants. These variants proved to be classifiable by their likely biological action as erythrocytic (also associated with erythrocyte traits) or glycemic (associated with other glucose-related traits). In this study, we tested the hypotheses that, in a very large scale GWAS, we would identify more genetic variants associated with HbA1c and that HbA1c variants implicated in erythrocytic biology would affect the diagnostic accuracy of HbA1c. We therefore expanded the number of HbA1c-associated loci and tested the effect of genetic risk-scores comprised of erythrocytic or glycemic variants on incident diabetes prediction and on prevalent diabetes screening performance. Throughout this multiancestry study, we kept a focus on interancestry differences in HbA1c genetics performance that might influence race-ancestry differences in health outcomes. Methods & findings: Using genome-wide association meta-analyses in up to 159,940 individuals from 82 cohorts of European, African, East Asian, and South Asian ancestry, we identified 60 common genetic variants associated with HbA1c. We classified variants as implicated in glycemic, erythrocytic, or unclassified biology and tested whether additive genetic scores of erythrocytic variants (GS-E) or glycemic variants (GS-G) were associated with higher T2D incidence in multiethnic longitudinal cohorts (N = 33,241). Nineteen glycemic and 22 erythrocytic variants were associated with HbA1c at genome-wide significance. GS-G was associated with higher T2D risk (incidence OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06, per HbA1c-raising allele, p = 3 x 10-29); whereas GS-E was not (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.99-1.01, p = 0.60). In Europeans and Asians, erythrocytic variants in aggregate had only modest effects on the diagnostic accura
Published: 2017
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40. Genetic loci associated with an earlier age at onset in multiplex schizophrenia.

Author: Woolston, Annemarie L, Woolston, Annemarie L, Hsiao, Po-Chang, Kuo, Po-Hsiu, Wang, Shi-Heng, Lien, Yin-Ju, Liu, Chih-Min, Hwu, Hai-Gwo, Lu, Tzu-Pin, Chuang, Eric Y, Chang, Li-Ching, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Tsuang, Ming T, Chen, Wei J, Woolston, Annemarie L, Woolston, Annemarie L, Hsiao, Po-Chang, Kuo, Po-Hsiu, Wang, Shi-Heng, Lien, Yin-Ju, Liu, Chih-Min, Hwu, Hai-Gwo, Lu, Tzu-Pin, Chuang, Eric Y, Chang, Li-Ching, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Tsuang, Ming T, and Chen, Wei J
Abstract: An earlier age at onset (AAO) has been associated with greater genetic loadings in schizophrenia. This study aimed to identify modifier loci associated with an earlier AAO of schizophrenia. A genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was conducted in 94 schizophrenia probands with the earliest AAO and 91 with the latest AAO. Candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were then genotyped in the co-affected siblings and unrelated probands. Multi-SNP genetic risk scores (GRS) composed of the candidate loci were used to distinguish patients with an early or late AAO. The 14-SNP GRS could distinguish the co-affected siblings (n = 90) of the earliest probands from those (n = 91) of the latest probands. When 132 patients with an earlier AAO and 158 patients with a later AAO were included, a significant trend in the 14-SNP GRS was detected among those unrelated probands from 4 family groups with the earliest, earlier, later, and latest AAO. The overall effect of the 14 SNPs on an AAO in schizophrenia was verified using co-affected siblings of the GWAS probands and trend effect across unrelated patients. Preliminary network analysis of these loci revealed the involvement of PARK2, a gene intensively reported in Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia research.
Published: 2017

41. Association analyses of East Asian individuals and trans-ancestry analyses with European individuals reveal new loci associated with cholesterol and triglyceride levels

Author: Spracklen Cassandra N., Chen Peng, Kim Young Jin, Wang Xu, Cai Hui, Li Shengxu, Long Jirong, Wu Ying, Wang Ya Xing, Takeuchi Fumihiko, Wu Jer-Yuarn, Jung Keum-Ji, Hu Cheng, Akiyama Koichi, Zhang Yonghong, Moon Sanghoon, Johnson Todd A., Li Huaixing, Dorajoo Rajkumar, He Meian, Cannon Maren E., Roman Tamara S., Salfati Elias, Lin Keng-Hung, Guo Xiuqing, Sheu Wayne H. H., Absher Devin, Adair Linda S., Assimes Themistocles L., Aung Tin, Cai Qiuyin, Chang Li-Ching, Chen Chien-Hsiun, Chien Li-Hsin, Chuang Lee-Ming, Chuang Shu-Chun, Du Shufa, Fan Qiao, Fann Cathy S. J., Feranil Alan B., Friedlander Yechiel, Gordon-Larsen Penny, Gu Dongfeng, Gui Lixuan, Guo Zhirong, Heng Chew-Kiat, Hixson James, Hou Xuhong, Hsiung Chao Agnes, Hu Yao, Hwang Mi Yeong, Hwu Chii-Min, Isono Masato, Juang Jyh-Ming Jimmy, Khor Chiea-Chuen, Kim Yun Kyoung, Koh Woon-Puay, Kubo Michiaki, Lee I-Te, Lee Sun-Ju, Lee Wen-Jane, Liang Kae-Woei, Lim Blanche, Lim Sing-Hui, Liu Jianjun, Nabika, Toru, Pan Wen-Harn, Peng Hao, Quertermous Thomas, Sabanayagam Charumathi, Sandow Kevin, Shi Jinxiu, Sun Liang, Tan Pok Chien, Tan Shu-Pei, Taylor Kent D., Teo Yik-Ying, Toh Sue-Anne, Tsunoda Tatsuhiko, van Dam Rob M., Wang Aili, Wang Feijie, Wang Jie, Wei Wen Bin, Xiang Yong-Bing, Yao Jie, Yuan Jian-Min, Zhang Rong, Zhao Wanting, Chen Yii-Der Ida, Rich Stephen S., Rotter Jerome I., Wang Tzung-Dau, Wu Tangchun, Lin Xu, Han Bok-Ghee, Tanaka Toshihiro, Cho Yoon Shin, Katsuya Tomohiro, Jia Weiping, Jee Sun-Ha, Chen Yuan-Tsong, Kato Norihiro, Jonas Jost B., Cheng Ching-Yu, Shu Xiao-Ou, He Jiang, Zheng Wei, Wong Tien-Yin, Huang Wei, Kim Bong-Jo, Tai E-Shyong, Mohlke Karen L., Sim Xueling, Spracklen Cassandra N., Chen Peng, Kim Young Jin, Wang Xu, Cai Hui, Li Shengxu, Long Jirong, Wu Ying, Wang Ya Xing, Takeuchi Fumihiko, Wu Jer-Yuarn, Jung Keum-Ji, Hu Cheng, Akiyama Koichi, Zhang Yonghong, Moon Sanghoon, Johnson Todd A., Li Huaixing, Dorajoo Rajkumar, He Meian, Cannon Maren E., Roman Tamara S., Salfati Elias, Lin Keng-Hung, Guo Xiuqing, Sheu Wayne H. H., Absher Devin, Adair Linda S., Assimes Themistocles L., Aung Tin, Cai Qiuyin, Chang Li-Ching, Chen Chien-Hsiun, Chien Li-Hsin, Chuang Lee-Ming, Chuang Shu-Chun, Du Shufa, Fan Qiao, Fann Cathy S. J., Feranil Alan B., Friedlander Yechiel, Gordon-Larsen Penny, Gu Dongfeng, Gui Lixuan, Guo Zhirong, Heng Chew-Kiat, Hixson James, Hou Xuhong, Hsiung Chao Agnes, Hu Yao, Hwang Mi Yeong, Hwu Chii-Min, Isono Masato, Juang Jyh-Ming Jimmy, Khor Chiea-Chuen, Kim Yun Kyoung, Koh Woon-Puay, Kubo Michiaki, Lee I-Te, Lee Sun-Ju, Lee Wen-Jane, Liang Kae-Woei, Lim Blanche, Lim Sing-Hui, Liu Jianjun, Nabika, Toru, Pan Wen-Harn, Peng Hao, Quertermous Thomas, Sabanayagam Charumathi, Sandow Kevin, Shi Jinxiu, Sun Liang, Tan Pok Chien, Tan Shu-Pei, Taylor Kent D., Teo Yik-Ying, Toh Sue-Anne, Tsunoda Tatsuhiko, van Dam Rob M., Wang Aili, Wang Feijie, Wang Jie, Wei Wen Bin, Xiang Yong-Bing, Yao Jie, Yuan Jian-Min, Zhang Rong, Zhao Wanting, Chen Yii-Der Ida, Rich Stephen S., Rotter Jerome I., Wang Tzung-Dau, Wu Tangchun, Lin Xu, Han Bok-Ghee, Tanaka Toshihiro, Cho Yoon Shin, Katsuya Tomohiro, Jia Weiping, Jee Sun-Ha, Chen Yuan-Tsong, Kato Norihiro, Jonas Jost B., Cheng Ching-Yu, Shu Xiao-Ou, He Jiang, Zheng Wei, Wong Tien-Yin, Huang Wei, Kim Bong-Jo, Tai E-Shyong, Mohlke Karen L., and Sim Xueling
Published: 2017

42. Association analyses of East Asian individuals and trans-ancestry analyses with European individuals reveal new loci associated with cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Author: Spracklen, Cassandra N, Spracklen, Cassandra N, Chen, Peng, Kim, Young Jin, Wang, Xu, Cai, Hui, Li, Shengxu, Long, Jirong, Wu, Ying, Wang, Ya Xing, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Jung, Keum-Ji, Hu, Cheng, Akiyama, Koichi, Zhang, Yonghong, Moon, Sanghoon, Johnson, Todd A, Li, Huaixing, Dorajoo, Rajkumar, He, Meian, Cannon, Maren E, Roman, Tamara S, Salfati, Elias, Lin, Keng-Hung, Guo, Xiuqing, Sheu, Wayne HH, Absher, Devin, Adair, Linda S, Assimes, Themistocles L, Aung, Tin, Cai, Qiuyin, Chang, Li-Ching, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Chien, Li-Hsin, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Chuang, Shu-Chun, Du, Shufa, Fan, Qiao, Fann, Cathy SJ, Feranil, Alan B, Friedlander, Yechiel, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gu, Dongfeng, Gui, Lixuan, Guo, Zhirong, Heng, Chew-Kiat, Hixson, James, Hou, Xuhong, Hsiung, Chao Agnes, Hu, Yao, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Hwu, Chii-Min, Isono, Masato, Juang, Jyh-Ming Jimmy, Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kim, Yun Kyoung, Koh, Woon-Puay, Kubo, Michiaki, Lee, I-Te, Lee, Sun-Ju, Lee, Wen-Jane, Liang, Kae-Woei, Lim, Blanche, Lim, Sing-Hui, Liu, Jianjun, Nabika, Toru, Pan, Wen-Harn, Peng, Hao, Quertermous, Thomas, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sandow, Kevin, Shi, Jinxiu, Sun, Liang, Tan, Pok Chien, Tan, Shu-Pei, Taylor, Kent D, Teo, Yik-Ying, Toh, Sue-Anne, Tsunoda, Tatsuhiko, van Dam, Rob M, Wang, Aili, Wang, Feijie, Wang, Jie, Wei, Wen Bin, Xiang, Yong-Bing, Yao, Jie, Yuan, Jian-Min, Zhang, Rong, Zhao, Wanting, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Rich, Stephen S, Rotter, Jerome I, Wang, Tzung-Dau, Wu, Tangchun, Lin, Xu, Han, Bok-Ghee, Tanaka, Toshihiro, Cho, Yoon Shin, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Jia, Weiping, Spracklen, Cassandra N, Spracklen, Cassandra N, Chen, Peng, Kim, Young Jin, Wang, Xu, Cai, Hui, Li, Shengxu, Long, Jirong, Wu, Ying, Wang, Ya Xing, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Jung, Keum-Ji, Hu, Cheng, Akiyama, Koichi, Zhang, Yonghong, Moon, Sanghoon, Johnson, Todd A, Li, Huaixing, Dorajoo, Rajkumar, He, Meian, Cannon, Maren E, Roman, Tamara S, Salfati, Elias, Lin, Keng-Hung, Guo, Xiuqing, Sheu, Wayne HH, Absher, Devin, Adair, Linda S, Assimes, Themistocles L, Aung, Tin, Cai, Qiuyin, Chang, Li-Ching, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Chien, Li-Hsin, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Chuang, Shu-Chun, Du, Shufa, Fan, Qiao, Fann, Cathy SJ, Feranil, Alan B, Friedlander, Yechiel, Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Gu, Dongfeng, Gui, Lixuan, Guo, Zhirong, Heng, Chew-Kiat, Hixson, James, Hou, Xuhong, Hsiung, Chao Agnes, Hu, Yao, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Hwu, Chii-Min, Isono, Masato, Juang, Jyh-Ming Jimmy, Khor, Chiea-Chuen, Kim, Yun Kyoung, Koh, Woon-Puay, Kubo, Michiaki, Lee, I-Te, Lee, Sun-Ju, Lee, Wen-Jane, Liang, Kae-Woei, Lim, Blanche, Lim, Sing-Hui, Liu, Jianjun, Nabika, Toru, Pan, Wen-Harn, Peng, Hao, Quertermous, Thomas, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sandow, Kevin, Shi, Jinxiu, Sun, Liang, Tan, Pok Chien, Tan, Shu-Pei, Taylor, Kent D, Teo, Yik-Ying, Toh, Sue-Anne, Tsunoda, Tatsuhiko, van Dam, Rob M, Wang, Aili, Wang, Feijie, Wang, Jie, Wei, Wen Bin, Xiang, Yong-Bing, Yao, Jie, Yuan, Jian-Min, Zhang, Rong, Zhao, Wanting, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Rich, Stephen S, Rotter, Jerome I, Wang, Tzung-Dau, Wu, Tangchun, Lin, Xu, Han, Bok-Ghee, Tanaka, Toshihiro, Cho, Yoon Shin, Katsuya, Tomohiro, and Jia, Weiping
Abstract: Large-scale meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >175 loci associated with fasting cholesterol levels, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). With differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure and allele frequencies between ancestry groups, studies in additional large samples may detect new associations. We conducted staged GWAS meta-analyses in up to 69,414 East Asian individuals from 24 studies with participants from Japan, the Philippines, Korea, China, Singapore, and Taiwan. These meta-analyses identified (P < 5 × 10-8) three novel loci associated with HDL-C near CD163-APOBEC1 (P = 7.4 × 10-9), NCOA2 (P = 1.6 × 10-8), and NID2-PTGDR (P = 4.2 × 10-8), and one novel locus associated with TG near WDR11-FGFR2 (P = 2.7 × 10-10). Conditional analyses identified a second signal near CD163-APOBEC1. We then combined results from the East Asian meta-analysis with association results from up to 187,365 European individuals from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium in a trans-ancestry meta-analysis. This analysis identified (log10Bayes Factor ≥6.1) eight additional novel lipid loci. Among the twelve total loci identified, the index variants at eight loci have demonstrated at least nominal significance with other metabolic traits in prior studies, and two loci exhibited coincident eQTLs (P < 1 × 10-5) in subcutaneous adipose tissue for BPTF and PDGFC. Taken together, these analyses identified multiple novel lipid loci, providing new potential therapeutic targets.
Published: 2017

43. Genome-wide Trans-ethnic Meta-analysis Identifies Seven Genetic Loci Influencing Erythrocyte Traits and a Role for RBPMS in Erythropoiesis.

Author: van Rooij, Frank JA, van Rooij, Frank JA, Qayyum, Rehan, Smith, Albert V, Zhou, Yi, Trompet, Stella, Tanaka, Toshiko, Keller, Margaux F, Chang, Li-Ching, Schmidt, Helena, Yang, Min-Lee, Chen, Ming-Huei, Hayes, James, Johnson, Andrew D, Yanek, Lisa R, Mueller, Christian, Lange, Leslie, Floyd, James S, Ghanbari, Mohsen, Zonderman, Alan B, Jukema, J Wouter, Hofman, Albert, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Desch, Karl C, Saba, Yasaman, Ozel, Ayse B, Snively, Beverly M, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Schmidt, Reinhold, Fornage, Myriam, Klein, Robert J, Fox, Caroline S, Matsuda, Koichi, Kamatani, Naoyuki, Wild, Philipp S, Stott, David J, Ford, Ian, Slagboom, P Eline, Yang, Jaden, Chu, Audrey Y, Lambert, Amy J, Uitterlinden, André G, Franco, Oscar H, Hofer, Edith, Ginsburg, David, Hu, Bella, Keating, Brendan, Schick, Ursula M, Brody, Jennifer A, Li, Jun Z, Chen, Zhao, Zeller, Tanja, Guralnik, Jack M, Chasman, Daniel I, Peters, Luanne L, Kubo, Michiaki, Becker, Diane M, Li, Jin, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Rotter, Jerome I, Levy, Daniel, Grossmann, Vera, Patel, Kushang V, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, BioBank Japan Project, Ridker, Paul M, Tang, Hua, Launer, Lenore J, Rice, Kenneth M, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Ferrucci, Luigi, Evans, Michelle K, Choudhuri, Avik, Trompouki, Eirini, Abraham, Brian J, Yang, Song, Takahashi, Atsushi, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kooperberg, Charles, Harris, Tamara B, Jee, Sun Ha, Coresh, Josef, Tsai, Fuu-Jen, Longo, Dan L, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Felix, Janine F, Yang, Qiong, Psaty, Bruce M, Boerwinkle, Eric, Becker, Lewis C, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O, Wilson, James G, Gudnason, Vilmundur, O'Donnell, Christopher J, Dehghan, Abbas, Cupples, L Adrienne, Nalls, Michael A, Morris, Andrew P, Okada, Yukinori, Reiner, Alexander P, Zon, Leonard I, van Rooij, Frank JA, van Rooij, Frank JA, Qayyum, Rehan, Smith, Albert V, Zhou, Yi, Trompet, Stella, Tanaka, Toshiko, Keller, Margaux F, Chang, Li-Ching, Schmidt, Helena, Yang, Min-Lee, Chen, Ming-Huei, Hayes, James, Johnson, Andrew D, Yanek, Lisa R, Mueller, Christian, Lange, Leslie, Floyd, James S, Ghanbari, Mohsen, Zonderman, Alan B, Jukema, J Wouter, Hofman, Albert, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Desch, Karl C, Saba, Yasaman, Ozel, Ayse B, Snively, Beverly M, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Schmidt, Reinhold, Fornage, Myriam, Klein, Robert J, Fox, Caroline S, Matsuda, Koichi, Kamatani, Naoyuki, Wild, Philipp S, Stott, David J, Ford, Ian, Slagboom, P Eline, Yang, Jaden, Chu, Audrey Y, Lambert, Amy J, Uitterlinden, André G, Franco, Oscar H, Hofer, Edith, Ginsburg, David, Hu, Bella, Keating, Brendan, Schick, Ursula M, Brody, Jennifer A, Li, Jun Z, Chen, Zhao, Zeller, Tanja, Guralnik, Jack M, Chasman, Daniel I, Peters, Luanne L, Kubo, Michiaki, Becker, Diane M, Li, Jin, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Rotter, Jerome I, Levy, Daniel, Grossmann, Vera, Patel, Kushang V, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, BioBank Japan Project, Ridker, Paul M, Tang, Hua, Launer, Lenore J, Rice, Kenneth M, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Ferrucci, Luigi, Evans, Michelle K, Choudhuri, Avik, Trompouki, Eirini, Abraham, Brian J, Yang, Song, Takahashi, Atsushi, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Kooperberg, Charles, Harris, Tamara B, Jee, Sun Ha, Coresh, Josef, Tsai, Fuu-Jen, Longo, Dan L, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Felix, Janine F, Yang, Qiong, Psaty, Bruce M, Boerwinkle, Eric, Becker, Lewis C, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O, Wilson, James G, Gudnason, Vilmundur, O'Donnell, Christopher J, Dehghan, Abbas, Cupples, L Adrienne, Nalls, Michael A, Morris, Andrew P, Okada, Yukinori, Reiner, Alexander P, and Zon, Leonard I
Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified loci for erythrocyte traits in primarily European ancestry populations. We conducted GWAS meta-analyses of six erythrocyte traits in 71,638 individuals from European, East Asian, and African ancestries using a Bayesian approach to account for heterogeneity in allelic effects and variation in the structure of linkage disequilibrium between ethnicities. We identified seven loci for erythrocyte traits including a locus (RBPMS/GTF2E2) associated with mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume. Statistical fine-mapping at this locus pointed to RBPMS at this locus and excluded nearby GTF2E2. Using zebrafish morpholino to evaluate loss of function, we observed a strong in vivo erythropoietic effect for RBPMS but not for GTF2E2, supporting the statistical fine-mapping at this locus and demonstrating that RBPMS is a regulator of erythropoiesis. Our findings show the utility of trans-ethnic GWASs for discovery and characterization of genetic loci influencing hematologic traits.
Published: 2017

44. CD8+T cells of chronic HCV-infected patients express multiple negative immune checkpoints following stimulation with HCV peptides

Author: Barathan, Muttiah, Mohamed, Rosmawati, Vadivelu, Jamuna, Yen Chang, Li, Vignesh, Ramachandran, Krishnan, Jayalakshmi, Sigamani, Panneer, Saeidi, Alireza, Ravishankar Ram, M., Velu, Vijayakumar, Larsson, Marie, Shankar, Esaki M., Barathan, Muttiah, Mohamed, Rosmawati, Vadivelu, Jamuna, Yen Chang, Li, Vignesh, Ramachandran, Krishnan, Jayalakshmi, Sigamani, Panneer, Saeidi, Alireza, Ravishankar Ram, M., Velu, Vijayakumar, Larsson, Marie, and Shankar, Esaki M.
Abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are key to successful viral clearance in HCV disease. Accumulation of exhausted HCV-specific T cells during chronic infection results in considerable loss of protective functional immune responses. The role of T-cell exhaustion in chronic HCV disease remains poorly understood. Here, we studied the frequency of HCV peptide-stimulated T cells expressing negative immune checkpoints (PD-1, CTLA-4, TRAIL, TIM-3 and BTLA) by flow cytometry, and measured the levels of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines secreted by T cells by a commercial Multi-Analyte ELISArray (TM) following in vitro stimulation of T cells using HCV peptides and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). HCV peptide stimulated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of chronic HCV (CHC) patients showed significant increase of CTLA-4. Furthermore, HCV peptide-stimulated CD4+ T cells of CHC patients also displayed relatively higher levels of PD-1 and TRAIL, whereas TIM-3 was up-regulated on HCV peptide-stimulated CD8+ T cells. Whereas the levels of IL-10 and TGF-beta 1 were significantly increased, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, TNF-alpha, IL-17A and IL-6 were markedly decreased in the T cell cultures of CHC patients. Chronic HCV infection results in functional exhaustion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells likely contributing to viral persistence. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved., Funding Agencies|High Impact Research (HIR), University of Malaya [UM.C.625/1/HIR/139]; University of Malaya Post Graduate Research Grant (PPP) [PG118-2014A]; University of Malaya Fellowship Scheme; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Physicians against AIDS Research Foundation; Swedish-International Development Cooperation Agency; SIDA SARC; VINNMER for Vinnova; Linkoping University Hospital Research Fund; CALF; Swedish Society of Medicine; [AI52731]
Published: 2017
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45. Genome-wide association studies in East Asians identify new loci for waist-hip ratio and waist circumference

Author: Wen, Wanqing, Kato, Norihiro, Hwang, Joo-Yeon, Guo, Xingyi, Tabara, Yasuharu, Li, Huaixing, Dorajoo, Rajkumar, Yang, Xiaobo, Tsai, Fuu-Jen, Li, Shengxu, Wu, Ying, Wu, Tangchun, Kim, Soriul, Guo, Xiuqing, Liang, Jun, Shungin, Dmitry, Adair, Linda S., Akiyama, Koichi, Allison, Matthew, Cai, Qiuyin, Chang, Li-Ching, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Cho, Yoon Shin, Choi, Bo Youl, Gao, Yutang, Go, Min Jin, Gu, Dongfeng, Han, Bok-Ghee, He, Meian, Hixson, James E., Hu, Yanling, Huang, Tao, Isono, Masato, Jung, Keum Ji, Kang, Daehee, Kim, Young Jin, Kita, Yoshikuni, Lee, Juyoung, Lee, Nanette R., Lee, Jeannette, Wang, Yiqin, Liu, Jian-Jun, Long, Jirong, Moon, Sanghoon, Nakamura, Yasuyuki, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Ohnaka, Keizo, Rao, Dabeeru, Shi, Jiajun, Sull, Jae Woong, Tan, Aihua, Ueshima, Hirotsugu, Wu, Chen, Xiang, Yong-Bing, Yamamoto, Ken, Yao, Jie, Ye, Xingwang, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Zhang, Xiaomin, Zheng, Yan, Qi, Lu, Rotter, Jerome I., Jee, Sun Ha, Lin, Dongxin, Mohlke, Karen L., He, Jiang, Mo, Zengnan, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Tai, E. Shyong, Lin, Xu, Miki, Tetsuro, Kim, Bong-Jo, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Zheng, Wei, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Wen, Wanqing, Kato, Norihiro, Hwang, Joo-Yeon, Guo, Xingyi, Tabara, Yasuharu, Li, Huaixing, Dorajoo, Rajkumar, Yang, Xiaobo, Tsai, Fuu-Jen, Li, Shengxu, Wu, Ying, Wu, Tangchun, Kim, Soriul, Guo, Xiuqing, Liang, Jun, Shungin, Dmitry, Adair, Linda S., Akiyama, Koichi, Allison, Matthew, Cai, Qiuyin, Chang, Li-Ching, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Cho, Yoon Shin, Choi, Bo Youl, Gao, Yutang, Go, Min Jin, Gu, Dongfeng, Han, Bok-Ghee, He, Meian, Hixson, James E., Hu, Yanling, Huang, Tao, Isono, Masato, Jung, Keum Ji, Kang, Daehee, Kim, Young Jin, Kita, Yoshikuni, Lee, Juyoung, Lee, Nanette R., Lee, Jeannette, Wang, Yiqin, Liu, Jian-Jun, Long, Jirong, Moon, Sanghoon, Nakamura, Yasuyuki, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Ohnaka, Keizo, Rao, Dabeeru, Shi, Jiajun, Sull, Jae Woong, Tan, Aihua, Ueshima, Hirotsugu, Wu, Chen, Xiang, Yong-Bing, Yamamoto, Ken, Yao, Jie, Ye, Xingwang, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Zhang, Xiaomin, Zheng, Yan, Qi, Lu, Rotter, Jerome I., Jee, Sun Ha, Lin, Dongxin, Mohlke, Karen L., He, Jiang, Mo, Zengnan, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Tai, E. Shyong, Lin, Xu, Miki, Tetsuro, Kim, Bong-Jo, Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Zheng, Wei, and Shu, Xiao-Ou
Abstract: Sixty genetic loci associated with abdominal obesity, measured by waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR), have been previously identified, primarily from studies conducted in Europeanancestry populations. We conducted a meta-analysis of associations of abdominal obesity with approximately 2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 53,052 (for WC) and 48,312 (for WHR) individuals of Asian descent, and replicated 33 selected SNPs among 3,762 to 17,110 additional individuals. We identified four novel loci near the EFEMP1, ADAMTSL3, CNPY2, and GNAS genes that were associated with WC after adjustment for body mass index (BMI); two loci near the NID2 and HLA-DRB5 genes associated with WHR after adjustment for BMI, and three loci near the CEP120, TSC22D2, and SLC22A2 genes associated with WC without adjustment for BMI. Functional enrichment analyses revealed enrichment of corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling, GNRH signaling, and/or CDK5 signaling pathways for those newly-identified loci. Our study provides additional insight on genetic contribution to abdominal obesity.
Published: 2016
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46. Non-alkaloids extract from Stemona sessilifolia enhances the activity of chemotherapeutic agents through P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug-resistant cancer cells

Author: Lu Han, Yang-Mei Ma, Li An, Qiao Zhang, Chang-Li Wang, Qing-Chun Zhao, Lu Han, Yang-Mei Ma, Li An, Qiao Zhang, Chang-Li Wang, and Qing-Chun Zhao
Published: 2016
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47. Oral vaccine of Lactococcus lactis harbouring pandemic H1N1 2009 haemagglutinin1 and nisP anchor fusion protein elevates anti-HA1 sIgA levels in mice

Author: Siaw, Stella Xiu Joan, Jee, Pui Fong, Song, Adelene Ai Lian, Chang, Li Yen, Yusoff, Khatijah, Abu Bakar, Sazaly, Abdul Rahim, Raha, Siaw, Stella Xiu Joan, Jee, Pui Fong, Song, Adelene Ai Lian, Chang, Li Yen, Yusoff, Khatijah, Abu Bakar, Sazaly, and Abdul Rahim, Raha
Abstract: Objective: An oral lactococcal-based vaccine which haboured the haemagglutinin1 (HA1) antigen fused to nisP anchor protein for the purpose of surface displaying the HA1 antigen was developed against H1N1 virus. Results: Recombinant L. lactis strains expressed HA1-nisP fusion proteins when induced with nisin, as confirmed through western blotting. However, immunofluorescense did not detect any surface-displayed proteins, suggesting that the protein was either unsuccessfully translocated or improperly displayed. Despite this, oral administration of recombinant L. lactis strains to BALB/c mice revealed that significant levels of anti-HA1 sIgA antibodies were detected in mice fecal suspension samples of mice group NZ9000 (pNZ:HN) when compared to the negative control NZ9000 (pNZ8048) group. Conclusion: Specific anti-HA1 sIgA antibodies were locally produced and live recombinant lactococcal vaccine was able to elicit humoral response of BALB/c mice despite unsuccessful surface display of the HA1 epitope.
Published: 2016

48. Peripheral loss of CD8(+)CD161(++)TCRV7 center dot 2(+) mucosal-associated invariant T cells in chronic hepatitis C virus-infected patients

Author: Barathan, Muttiah, Mohamed, Rosmawati, Vadivelu, Jamuna, Chang, Li Y., Saeidi, Alireza, Yong, Yean K., Ravishankar Ram, M., Gopal, Kaliappan, Velu, Vijayakumar, Larsson, Marie, Shankar, Esaki M., Barathan, Muttiah, Mohamed, Rosmawati, Vadivelu, Jamuna, Chang, Li Y., Saeidi, Alireza, Yong, Yean K., Ravishankar Ram, M., Gopal, Kaliappan, Velu, Vijayakumar, Larsson, Marie, and Shankar, Esaki M.
Abstract: BackgroundMucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play an important role in innate host defence. MAIT cells appear to undergo exhaustion and are functionally weakened in chronic viral infections. However, their role in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains unclear. Materials and methodsWe investigated the frequency of CD8(+)CD161(++)TCR V7.2(+) MAIT cells in a cross-sectional cohort of chronic HCV-infected patients (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 25). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were investigated for circulating MAIT cell frequency, liver-homing (CCR5 and CD103), biomarkers of immune exhaustion (PD-1, TIM-3 and CTLA-4), chronic immune activation (CD38 and HLA-DR), and immunosenescence (CD57) by flow cytometry. ResultsThe frequency of MAIT cells was significantly decreased, and increased signs of immune exhaustion and chronic immune activation were clearly evident on MAIT cells of HCV-infected patients. Decrease of CCR5 on circulating MAIT cells is suggestive of their peripheral loss in chronic HCV-infected patients. MAIT cells also showed significantly increased levels of HLA-DR, CD38, PD-1, TIM-3 and CTLA-4, besides CD57 in chronic HCV disease. ConclusionsImmune exhaustion and senescence of CD8(+)CD161(++)TCR V7.2(+) MAIT cells could contribute to diminished innate defence attributes likely facilitating viral persistence and HCV disease progression., Funding Agencies|High Impact Research (HIR), University of Malaya [UM.C.625/1/HIR/139]; University Malaya Fellowship Scheme [AI52731]; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Physicians against AIDS Research Foundation; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency; SIDA SARC; VINNMER for Vinnova; Linkoping University Hospital Research Fund; CALF; Swedish Society of Medicine
Published: 2016
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49. Comprehensive profile of differentially expressed circular RNAs reveals that hsa_circ_0000069 is upregulated and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in colorectal cancer

Author: Guo,Jia-ni, Li,Jin, Zhu,Chang-li, Feng,Wan-ting, Shao,Jing-xian, Wan,Li, Huang,Ming-de, He,Jing-dong, Guo,Jia-ni, Li,Jin, Zhu,Chang-li, Feng,Wan-ting, Shao,Jing-xian, Wan,Li, Huang,Ming-de, and He,Jing-dong
Abstract: Jia-ni Guo,* Jin Li,* Chang-li Zhu,* Wan-ting Feng, Jing-xian Shao, Li Wan, Ming-de Huang, Jing-dong He Department of Medical Oncology, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Nowadays, despite great progress in cancer research, the detailed mechanisms of colorectal cancer (CRC) are still poorly understood. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new star of the non-coding RNA network, have been identified as critical regulators in various cancers, including CRC. Methods and results: In this study, by using unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis, a novel dysregulated circRNA, hsa_circ_0000069, was found. The expression of hsa_circ_0000069 was measured in 30 paired CRC tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A high expression of hsa_circ_0000069 was observed in CRC tissues and correlated with patients’ age and tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage (P<0.05). Furthermore, by using specifically designed siRNAs in CRC cells, a functional analysis was performed which revealed that hsa_circ_0000069 knockdown could notably inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induce G0/G1 phase arrest of cell cycle in vitro. Conclusion: This study’s findings are the first to demonstrate that hsa_circ_0000069, an important regulator in cancer progression, could be a promising target in the diagnosis and therapy in colorectal cancer. Keywords: circular RNA, colorectal cancer, regulation, hsa_circ_0000069
Published: 2016

50. Correlation between epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor efficacy and circulating tumor cell levels in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Author: He,Wenjie, Li,Wenhui, Jiang,Bo, Chang,Li, Jin,Congguo, Tu,Changlin, Li,Yunfen, He,Wenjie, Li,Wenhui, Jiang,Bo, Chang,Li, Jin,Congguo, Tu,Changlin, and Li,Yunfen
Abstract: Wenjie He,1 Wenhui Li,1 Bo Jiang,1 Li Chang,1 Congguo Jin,2 Changlin Tu,1 Yunfen Li1 1Department of Cadre’s Medical Oncology, Yunnan Tumor Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 2Department of Oncology Research Institution, Kunming, People’s Republic of China Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) and circulating tumor cell (CTC) levels in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in reducing CTC counts in patients with advanced NSCLC was studied.Patients and methods: A total of 66 patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled and divided into two groups (those with high CTC counts and those with low CTC counts) based on the patients’ median CTC counts. All the patients were treated with an EGFR-TKI, and the treatment efficacy and prognoses were compared.Results: The treatment efficacies were 53.3% (16/30) and 27.8% (10/36) for the low CTC group and high CTC group, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The median overall survival was 22.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.9–26.8 months) for the low CTC group and 18.3 months (95% CI: 2.9–8.2 months) for the high CTC group. The median progression-free survival was 11.5 months (95% CI: 8.1–15 months) and 5.6 months (95% CI: 2.9–8.2 months) for the low and high CTC groups, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: The CTC count can be used as an index for predicting the EGFR-TKI effect on patients with advanced NSCLC. Efficacy and prognosis of EGFR-TKI treatment and CTC count were considered important, and the CTC count could be used to predict the efficacy of EGFR-TKI treatment and prognosis
Published: 2016

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