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Resumo: Este estudo, sob o olhar da Sociofonética, apresenta uma análise acústica das variantes dos sons de r-forte na fala de descendentes italianos da cidade de Rio do Sul, Alto Vale do Itajaí - SC. Nessa região, encontramos a variante tepe ([ɾ]), como uma das possibilidades de produção nesse contexto. Participaram da pesquisa seis representantes da comunidade, divididos em três faixas etárias: 20-50, 51-70 e acima de 70, do sexo feminino e masculino, que narraram suas histórias de vida em entrevistas de fala semiespontânea. O corpus foi formado por 147 itens lexicais que apresentavam as variantes de róticos em onset silábico inicial ou medial de palavra. Com base nos resultados acústicos, foi verificada a gradiência dos dados e foi constatado que os descendentes italianos da comunidade estudada produzem, como r-forte, diferentes variantes, além do tepe ([ɾ]). Fatores, como idade, identidade e região de origem, parecem influenciar na variedade de róticos produzidos. Foi observada uma diminuição na produção do tepe na dimensão diageracional, o que aponta para um estudo em tempo aparente.Palavras-chave: róticos; Alto Vale do Itajaí (SC); variação; Sociofonética.Abstract: This study, under the perspective of Sociofonética, presents an acoustic analysis of the variants of the sounds of r-forte in the speech of Italian descendants of the city of Rio do Sul, Alto Vale do Itajaí - SC. In this region, we find the variant tepe ([ɾ]), as one of the production possibilities in this context. Six community representatives participated in the research, divided into three age groups: 20-50, 51-70 and over 70, female and male, who narrated their life stories in semi-spontaneous speech interviews. The corpus was formed by 147 lexical items that presented the rhotic variants in initial or medial syllabic onset of the word. Based on the acoustic results, the gradient of the data was verified and the hypothesis was confirmed that the Italian descendants of the studied community produ

HIV-negative individuals in serodiscordant partnerships experience reduced risk of HIV acquisition when their partners adhere to ART and achieve undetectable viral loads. Partnership support may encourage ART adherence, reducing viral load and the risk of HIV transmission. This study aims to determine whether HIV viral suppression is associated with partnership status and partnership support among 201 HIV positive (HIV+ individuals in serodiscordant partnerships and 100 HIV+ unpartnered individuals receiving care at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição in Porto Alegre, Brazil between 2014 and 2016. Clinical data and patient-reported questionnaire data were assessed, and propensity scores were used to control for confounding variables in adjusted logistic regression models. Viral suppression did not significantly differ between HIV+ partnered (78.5% virally suppressed) and unpartnered (76.0% virally suppressed) individuals. Among individuals in partnerships, viral suppression was significantly associated with having a partner who attended monthly clinic visits (AOR 2.99; 95% CI 1.00-8.93). Instrumental social support-attending monthly visits-may improve the odds of viral suppression among HIV+ individuals in serodiscordant relationships.

Using the method of comparative literature, this article analyzes the complete fact of Lucas Matesso (1997) by Luandino Vieira and the tortures described in it. In this bias, the objective of the work is to reflect the experiences of traumas deposited on the body after the torture process, concomitant to this to reflect the violence suffered against the character Lucas Matesso in the face of this work of testimonial content. Therefore, the literary manifestation represented by the tales, in the contemporary context of Brazilian and Angolan literature, allows to perceive the dictatorial violence and the resistance on the part of the prisoners, in which it shows the atrocity and brutality suffered by them, presenting a real scenario experienced by countries that until today resist dictatorial repressions., A partir do método da literatura comparada este artigo analisa o O fato completo de Lucas Matesso (1997) de Luandino Vieira e as torturas que nele estão descritas. Nesse viés, o objetivo do trabalho está em refletir as experiências de traumas depositadas ao corpo após o processo de tortura, concomitante a isso refletir as violências acometidas contra o personagem Lucas Matesso diante dessa obra de teor testemunhal. Portanto, a manifestação literária representada pelos contos, no contexto contemporâneo da literatura brasileira e angolana, permite perceber a violência ditatorial e a resistência por parte dos encarcerados, na qual mostra a atrocidade e a brutalidade sofrida por eles, apresentando um cenário real vivenciado por países que até os dias atuais resistem as repressões ditatoriais., Utilizando el método de la literatura comparada, este artículo analiza O fato completo de Lucas Matesso (1997) de Luandino Vieira y las torturas descritas en él. En esta perspectiva, el objetivo de este trabajo es reflejar las vivencias de traumas depositados en el cuerpo durante el proceso de tortura, concomitante a éste, para reflejar la violencia sufrida contra el personaje Lucas Matesso frente a esta obra de contenido testimonial. Por tanto, la manifestación literaria que representan los relatos, en el contexto contemporáneo de la literatura brasileña y angoleña, permite percibir la violencia dictatorial y la resistencia por parte de los presos, en la cual muestra la atrocidad y brutalidad sufrida por ellos, presentando un escenario real vivido por países que hasta hoy resistan a las represiones dictatoriales.

Traditionally, the Roma People has found within their families their greatest strength to adapt to an adverse environment. This study explores the respective contribution of the context (neighborhood quality and social support), the family system (coherence and adaptability) and the individual (subjective well-being) on ​​the resilience of parental figures from a psychosocial and community perspective. The participants were 95 Roma families residing in the Canary Islands and 16 social workers, whose responses were submitted to a descriptive analysis and hierarchical linear regression. The families live in neighborhoods with social inequalities due to their low education, precarious employment and the few formal supports obtained. The parental figures perceive a good family cohesion and a good level of subjective well-being. The regression model on resilience shows the negative contribution of the social problems of the neighborhood, and the positive contribution of stable economic income, living in an inclusive neighborhood, enjoying good family cohesion and achieving a good level of subjective wellbeing. In conclusion, the Roma families present strengths and potentials that, together with the appropriate community supports, guarantee a normalizing resilience in which they continue to preserve those family values ​​that allowed their survival in difficult times., Tradicionalmente el Pueblo Gitano ha encontrado en el seno familiar su mayor fortaleza para adaptarse a un medio adverso. Este estudio empírico con metodología cuantitativa explora la contribución respectiva del contexto (calidad del vecindario y apoyo social), del sistema familiar (coherencia y adaptabilidad) y del individuo (bienestar subjetivo) sobre la resiliencia de las figuras parentales desde una perspectiva psicosocial y comunitaria. Los participantes fueron 95 familias de etnia gitana residentes en las Islas Canarias y 16 técnicos del ámbito social, cuyas respuestas a los cuestionarios fueron sometidas a análisis estadísticos descriptivos y un modelo de regresión. Las familias viven en vecindarios desfavorecidos debido a su baja formación, el empleo precario y los escasos apoyos formales recabados. Las figuras parentales perciben un buen nivel de cohesión familiar y de bienestar subjetivo.El modelo de regresión sobre la resiliencia muestra la contribución negativa de la problemática social del vecindario, y la contribución positiva de los ingresos económicos estables, vivir en un barrio inclusivo, disfrutar de cohesión familiar y de bienestar subjetivo.En conclusión, las familias de etnia gitana presentan fortalezas y potencialidades que, junto con los apoyos comunitarios apropiados, garantizan una resiliencia normalizadora sobre aquellos valores familiares que permitieron su supervivencia en tiempos difíciles.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo elaborar un sistema de problemas físico-docentes experimentales para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Mecánica en la escuela media. Se asume como método general de la investigación el dialéctico materialista. Además, se emplean métodos del nivel teórico, empíricos y estadísticos. El grupo de especialistas quedó constituido por 13 miembros que laboran en el IPVCE Carlos Marx, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas y en la Universidad de Matanzas, quienes se valoraron sobre el conocimiento que poseen sobre el tema, por lo que se puede afirmar que los profesores consultados tienen conocimiento sobre el tema que se investiga. Se les proporcionó un cuestionario donde se contemplan los aspectos a evaluar y las categorías que debían otorgarse. Se utiliza una técnica de la investigación cualitativa conocida como Grupos Focales, la población a participar en él son 7 estudiantes del duodécimo grado del colegio que asistían a las sesiones de resolución de problemas físico-docentes experimentales. Para ello se empleó un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas. Las participantes son procedentes de preuniversitarios de diferentes municipios de la provincia, de Matanzas, Colón y Los Arabos. Las respuestas dadas por los participantes en la investigación, configuran el nivel de satisfacción que tienen sobre la resolución de problemas físico-docentes experimentales en las clases de Física y su aprendizaje y demuestran la necesidad de la resolución de problemas físico-docentes experimentales en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Mecánica en la escuela media.

Main conclusions: Arabidopsis and Eutrema show similar stomatal sensitivity to drying soil. In Arabidopsis, larger metabolic adjustments than in Eutrema occurred, with considerable differences in the phytohormonal responses of the two species. Although plants respond to soil drying via a series of concurrent physiological and molecular events, drought tolerance differs greatly within the plant kingdom. While Eutrema salsugineum (formerly Thellungiella salsuginea) is regarded as more stress tolerant than its close relative Arabidopsis thaliana, their responses to soil water deficit have not previously been directly compared. To ensure a similar rate of soil drying for the two species, daily soil water depletion was controlled to 5–10% of the soil water content. While partial stomatal closure occurred earlier in Arabidopsis (Day 4) than Eutrema (from Day 6 onwards), thereafter both species showed similar stomatal sensitivity to drying soil. However, both targeted and untargeted metabolite analysis revealed greater response to drought in Arabidopsis than Eutrema. Early peaks in foliar phytohormone concentrations and different sugar profiles between species were accompanied by opposing patterns in the bioactive cytokinin profiles. Untargeted analysis showed greater metabolic adjustment in Arabidopsis with more statistically significant changes in both early and severe drought stress. The distinct metabolic responses of each species during early drought, which occurred prior to leaf water status declining, seemed independent of later stomatal closure in response to drought. The two species also showed distinct water usage, with earlier reduction in water consumption in Eutrema (Day 3) than Arabidopsis (Day 6), likely reflecting temporal differences in growth responses. We propose Arabidopsis as a promising model to evaluate the mechanisms responsible for stress-induced growth inhibition under the mild/moderate soil drying that crop plants are typically exposed to.

Tourism to feed Amazon River dolphin in Anavilhanas National Park, Novo Airão-Brazil, has become worldwide known and understanding the combination of factors that influence the perceptions regarding this model of wildlife interactions is essential to public use management. This article presents the perception of local inhabitants regarding the socioeconomic and conservationist impacts of the interactive tourism with Amazon River dolphin. Using a semi-structured script, containing open and closed questions, were conducted interviews with 175 inhabitants from Novo Airão urban area. Most of the interviewees consider that tourism with Amazon River dolphin is the main tourist attraction of Novo Airão, which attracts visitors and circulates money in the city, and which assists in the preservation of Amazon River dolphin. However, some residents believe that the activity concentrate its benefits just to the family that owns the enterprise where tourist interactions happen and that the food supply causes dependence on cetaceans in relation to humans. So that tourism with Amazon River dolphin in Novo Airão is a recognized and engaging economic activity, its activities should be better planned and developed along the different segments and actors related to tourism., El turismo para alimentar delfines en el Parque Nacional de Anavilhanas en Novo Airão (Brasil) se ha hecho mundialmente conocido, y entender la combinación de factores que influyen en las percepciones sobre este modelo de interacción con la fauna silvestre es esencial para planificar el uso público de esta área protegida. Este artículo presenta la percepción de los pobladores locales sobre los impactos socioeconómicos y conservacionistas del turismo interactivo con delfines. Utilizando un cuestionario semiestructurado con preguntas abiertas y cerradas, se realizaron 175 entrevistas a pobladores del área urbana de Novo Airão. La mayoría de los entrevistados considera que el turismo con delfines es la principal atracción turística de Novo Airão, que atrae visitantes, mueve el comercio local y ayuda a la preservación de los delfines. No obstante, algunos pobladores creen que la actividad concentra sus beneficios en la familia propietaria del emprendimiento donde suceden las interacciones turísticas y que la oferta alimentaria provoca la dependencia de los cetáceos en relación a los humanos. Para que el turismo con delfines en Novo Airão se convierta definitivamente en una actividad económica reconocida, sus propuestas deben ser mejor planeadas y desarrolladas junto a los diferentes segmentos y actores relacionados con el turismo

The current water crisis has led society to change its habits of use of water resources and the reuse of water becomes an alternative to this crisis. The constructed wetlands are low in cost of operation and maintenance and can make water reuse possible, as well as having a great efficiency in the removal of impurities in the water. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of a vertical constructed wetland using as substrates waste from the civil construction and ornamental plant, in the treatment of dark gray water from kitchen sinks, as well as directing the treated water to the non-potable reuse appropriate. Dark gray water was collected in the snack bar of the Federal University of Campina Grande Pombal campus, from May to June 2017, and inserted into the system. The system was built in a plastic container of 20 L and formed by layers of debris from construction materials. Physical-chemical and microbiological parameters of raw gray water and post-treatment water were analyzed to verify the efficiency of the system. Some parameters had a reduction greater than 80% that was the case of turbidity and total coliforms, and above 90% being this for sedimentable solids. For reuse, it was verified that the treated water could be reused in the washing of vehicles and sidewalks, irrigation of gardens, reuse in fodder and pasture for livestock. It is hoped that this study will allow the use of constructed wetlands on a large scale for greater water availability., A crise hídrica tem levado a sociedade a mudar seus hábitos de uso dos recursos hídricos e o reúso de água torna-se uma alternativa para essa crise. Os sistemas de alagados construídos são de baixo custo de operação e manutenção e podem viabilizar o reúso d’água, além de contar com uma grande eficácia na remoção de impurezas da água. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a eficiência de um sistema de alagado construído vertical utilizando como substratos resíduos da construção civil e planta ornamental no tratamento de águas cinza escura provenientes de pias de cozinha, além de direcionar a água tratada para o reúso não potável adequado. A água cinza escura foi coletada na cantina da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande campus Pombal, de maio a junho de 2017, e inserida no sistema. O sistema foi construído em um garrafão plástico de 20 litros, formado por camadas de restos de materiais da construção civil. Foram analisados parâmetros físicos, químicos e microbiológicos da água cinza bruta e da água pós tratamento para verificar a eficiência do sistema. Alguns parâmetros tiveram redução maior que 80% que foi o caso da turbidez e coliformes totais, e acima de 90% sendo este para sólidos sedimentáveis. No reúso, foi verificado que a água tratada poderia ser reutilizada na lavagem de veículos e calçadas, rega de jardins, reúso em forragens e pastagem para gado. Espera-se que este estudo possibilite a utilização de sistemas de alagado construído em larga escala para uma maior disponibilidade hídrica.

ObjectivesHIV-1 heterosexual transmission among individuals on antiretroviral treatment (ART) with undetectable viremia is extremely rare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of sexual HIV-1 transmission and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in HIV-1 serodifferent couples while the index partner is on ART.MethodsHIV transmission was evaluated in 200 HIV-1 heterosexual serodifferent couples in a stable relationship (≥3 months). All HIV-positive individuals had been on ART for ≥3 months and had been followed up for a median preceding time of 4.5 years (range 0.3-16 years) at the HIV couples clinic at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Following written informed consent, participants responded to demographic/behavioral questionnaires. Quantitative PCR for HIV RNA, T-cell subsets, and STI testing (syphilis, herpes, human papillomavirus, gonorrhea, and bacterial vaginosis) were performed. Self-collected vaginal swabs were obtained for quantitative HIV genital viral load testing.ResultsAmong 200 couples, 70% of index partners were female. Five seroconversions were observed; the HIV infection incidence was 2.5% (95% confidence interval 0.8% to 5.7%). Mean plasma viral load results were higher in HIV transmitters compared to non-transmitters (p=0.02). The presence of STIs was significantly greater in couples who seroconverted (60.0% vs. 13.3%; odds ratio 9.75, 95% confidence interval 1.55-61.2; p=0.023). The duration of undetectable HIV viremia and presence of STIs were associated with HIV transmission.ConclusionsUndetectable viremia was the main factor associated with non-transmissibility of HIV in this setting.

BACKGROUND:An undetectable serum HIV-1 load is key to effectiveness of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, which depends on adherence to treatment. We evaluated factors possibly associated with ARV adherence and virologic response in HIV-infected heterosexual individuals. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 200 HIV-1 serodiscordant couples and 100 unpartnered individuals receiving ARV treatment at a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil. All subjects provided written informed consent, answered demographic/behavioral questionnaires through audio computer-assisted self-interviews (ACASI), and collected blood and vaginal samples for biological markers and assessment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). HIV-negative partners were counseled and tested for HIV-1. RESULTS:The study population mean age was 39.9 years, 53.6% were female, 62.5% were Caucasian, 52.6% had incomplete or complete elementary education, 63.1% resided in Porto Alegre. Demographic, behavioral and biological marker characteristics were similar between couples and single individuals. There was an association between adherence reported on ACASI and an undetectable serum viral load (P<0.0001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that single-tablet ARV-regimens were independently associated with adherence (OR = 2.3; 95CI%: 1.2-4.4; P = 0.011) after controlling for age, gender, education, marital status, personal income, ARV regimen, and median time of ARV use. A positive correlation between genital secretion PCR results and serum viral load was significant in the presence of STIs (r = 0.359; P = 0.017). Although HIV PCR detection in vaginal secretions was more frequent in women with detectable viremia (9/51, 17.6%), it was also present in 7 of 157 women with undetectable serum viral loads (4.5%), p = 0.005. CONCLUSIONS:ARV single tablet regimens are associated with adherence. Detectable HIV-1 may be present in the genital secretions of women with undetectable viremia which means there

A presente publicação engloba dados quantitativos e qualitativos comentados historicamente, referente aos 19 anos de edição da revista Conexão UEPG, a qual tem como missão fortalecer o vínculo entre Universidade e Sociedade, ampliando e divulgando o espaço extensionista nacional e internacional, fomentando o intercâmbio entre estudantes e profissionais das mais diferentes áreas de conhecimento.

Vitis vinifera L. represents an economically important fruit species. Grape and wine flavour is made from a complex set of compounds. The acidity of berries is a major parameter in determining grape berry quality for wine making and fruit consumption. Despite the importance of malic and tartaric acid (TA) storage and transport for grape berry acidity, no vacuolar transporter for malate or tartrate has been identified so far. Some members of the aluminium-activated malate transporter (ALMT) anion channel family from Arabidopsis thaliana have been shown to be involved in mediating malate fluxes across the tonoplast. Therefore, we hypothesised that a homologue of these channels could have a similar role in V. vinifera grape berries. We identified homologues of the Arabidopsis vacuolar anion channel AtALMT9 through a TBLASTX search on the V. vinifera genome database. We cloned the closest homologue of AtALMT9 from grape berry cDNA and designated it VvALMT9. The expression profile revealed that VvALMT9 is constitutively expressed in berry mesocarp tissue and that its transcription level increases during fruit maturation. Moreover, we found that VvALMT9 is targeted to the vacuolar membrane. Using patch-clamp analysis, we could show that, besides malate, VvALMT9 mediates tartrate currents which are higher than in its Arabidopsis homologue. In summary, in the present study we provide evidence that VvALMT9 is a vacuolar malate channel expressed in grape berries. Interestingly, in V. vinifera, a tartrate-producing plant, the permeability of the channel is apparently adjusted to TA

The concept of Creative Economy has been debated during the last decade in countries with different cultural, social and economic contexts. The creative economy is the cycle that encompasses the creation, production and distribution of products and services that use knowledge, creativity and intellectual assets as the main productive resources of cultural wealth. In Brazil, in 2013, the Ministry of Culture (MinC) created the Observatory of Creative Economy of Brazil (OBEC) with a proposal for coordination of action that was extended throughout the Brazilian society and coordinates the promotion of the public policies of culture, supports citizen action and cultural diversity to strengthen the cultural role of groups and communities, with access to cultural assets. The Federal University of Amazonas, in 2013, in the exercise of its ethical, political and social commitments in the Amazon region, as part of the Brazilian network of the creative economy of the MinC, has organized the Observatory of Creative Economy of the State of Amazonas ( OBEC-AM) whose objective is to map existing studies on production and consumption of the Creative Economy; promote new studies and create an information system and the exchange of experiences, spaces for innovation among producers and development agencies; and train professionals. The result of the work of OBEC-AM is the promotion of interactive actions of dissemination, exchange, information for public policies and structuring of technical actions aimed at creative skills., El concepto de Economía Creativa ha sido debatido durante el último decenio en países con contextos culturales, sociales y económicos diferentes. La economía creativa es el ciclo que abarca la creación, producción y distribución de productos y servicios que utilizan el conocimiento, la creatividad y los activos intelectuales como los principales recursos productivos de la riqueza cultural. En Brasil, en 2013, el Ministerio de la Cultura (MinC) creó el Observatorio de Economía Creativa del Brasil (OBEC) con propuesta de coordinación de acción que se extendieron a lo largo de la sociedad brasileña y hace la coordinación de la promoción de las políticas públicas de cultura, apoya la acción ciudadana y la diversidad cultural para fortalecer el papel cultural de los grupos y de las comunidades, con el acceso a los bienes culturales. La Universidad Federal de Amazonas, en 2013, en el ejercicio de sus compromisos éticos, políticos y sociales en la región amazónica, como parte de la red brasileña de la economía creativa del MinC, hay organizado el Observatorio de Economía Creativa del Estado del Amazonas (OBEC-AM) cuyo objetivo es mapear los estudios existentes sobre producción y consumo de la Economía Creativa; fomentar nuevos estudios y crear un sistema de información y el intercambio de experiencias, espacios para la innovación entre los productores y agencias de desarrollo; y formar profesionales. El resultado del trabajo del OBEC-AM es la promoción de acciones interactivas de difusión, intercambio, información para las políticas públicas y estructuración de acciones técnica dirigida a las habilidades creativas.

The cactus pear fruit can be considered an important potential source of consumption and market exploitation in the Northeast of Brazil. It was aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of the cactus pear fruits in two maturation stages. The cactus pear fruit were collected, packaged in cardboard box and transported from Ourolândia-BA city about 794 km to the Science and Technology Center Agrifood, the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus Pombal, Pombal PB to the Food Analysis laboratory. The fruits were divided into two stages of maturation: green and green yellowish, using four replicates with three fruits (300 g each). Then the fruits were submitted to physicochemical and chemical analysis. The green yellowish fruit had the highest soluble solids, acidity, vitamin C, reducing sugars, phenolics and flavonoids. The contents of soluble sugars in the green yellowish fruits were smaller., O fruto de palma pode ser considerado uma fonte potencial importante de consumo e exploração no mercado da Região Nordeste do Brasil. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar as características físico-químicas dos frutos de palma em dois estádios de maturação. Os frutos de palma foram colhidos, acondicionados em caixa de papelão e transportados do município de Ourolândia-BA cerca de 794 km para o Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus Pombal, Pombal PB até o laboratório de Análise de Alimentos. Os frutos foram divididos em dois estádios de maturação: verde e verde amarelado, utilizando-se quatro repetições, com três frutos (300 g, cada). Em seguida, os frutos foram submetidos às análises físico-químicas e químicas. Os frutos verde-amarelo obtiveram os maiores teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez, vitamina C, açúcares redutores, compostos fenólicos e flavonoides. Os teores de açúcares solúveis nos frutos verde-amarelado foram menores.

BackgroundProviding HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) to men who attend their partner's prenatal care is an intervention with potential to reduce HIV transmission to women and infants during the vulnerable period of pregnancy. Little is known about the acceptability of this intervention in global settings outside of Africa.MethodsWe conducted in-depth qualitative interviews to evaluate potential barriers and facilitators to prenatal care attendance for HIV VCT with 20 men who did and 15 men who did not attend prenatal care with their partners at Hospital Conceiçao in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Men were recruited at the labor and delivery unit at Hospital Conceiçao via a scripted invitation while visiting their newborn infant. Interviews lasted from 35-55 minutes and were conducted in Portuguese by a local resident trained extensively in qualitative methods. All interviews were transcribed verbatim, translated, and then analyzed using Atlast.ti software. An analysis of themes was then conducted using direct quotes and statements. We applied and adapted the AIDS Risk Reduction Theoretical Model and HIV Testing Decisions Model to the qualitative data to identify themes in the 35 interviews.ResultsIf offered HIV testing during prenatal care, all men in both groups stated they would accept this intervention. Yet, individual, relationship and systemic factors were identified that affect these Brazilian men's decision to attend prenatal care, informing our final conceptual model. The men interviewed had a general understanding of the value of HIV prevention of mother to child transmission. They also described open and communicative relationships with their significant others and displayed a high level of enthusiasm towards optimizing the health of their expanding family. The major barriers to attending prenatal care included perceived stigma against HIV infected individuals, men's lack of involvement in planning of the pregnancy as well as inconvenient scheduling of pr

Water scarcity is a one great problem faced by families residing in the northeastern semi-arid interfering directly in the his quality of life. In this context it’s necessary to adopt techniques that constitute a viable alternative to improve the coexistence of families with water scarcity. Among these alternatives, the use of cisterns to capture rainwater, is gaining prominence. In this respect, the present study aimed to evaluate the use of cisterns by families in the rural land settlement Novo Horizonte in Várzea - PB. The survey was conducted in the land settlement Novo Horizonte, belonging to the municipality of the Várzea- PB, where they carried out 15 questionnaires to families living in the place. Questionnaires are of a quantitative nature, since they were translated into numbers, opinions and information to classify them and analyze them. In view of the reports of respondents noted that 100% had a cistern in his house and that they are an efficient alternative to meet the needs of the assisted families and is considered an efficient source in catchment of the rainwater and thus providing improvements in conditions and quality of life thereof., A escassez hídrica é um dos grandes problemas enfrentados pelas famílias que residem no semiárido nordestino, interferindo diretamente na qualidade de vida das famílias. Diante desse contexto se faz necessário a adoção de técnicas que se constitua uma alternativa viável para a melhoria na convivência das famílias, entre elas, o uso de cisternas para a captação de água da chuva, mostra-se uma alternativa que vem ganhando destaque. Neste sentido este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade do uso de cisternas na melhoria das condições de vida das famílias do assentamento Novo Horizonte, no município de Várzea – PB. A pesquisa foi realizada no assentamento rural Novo Horizonte, pertencente a zona rural do município de Várzea – PB, onde foram realizados aplicação de questionários a famílias residentes no local. Os questionários eram de natureza quantitativa, uma vez que os mesmos, foram traduzidos em números, opiniões e informações para classifica-los e analisa-los. O questionário era composto por perguntas objetivas e subjetivas, abordando os aspectos de usos da água da cisterna, formas de tratamento da água, importância das cisternas, formas de captação de água, entre outros. Perante os relatos dos entrevistados foi observado que 100% possuíam cisterna em sua casa, e que as mesmas são uma alternativa eficiente para suprir as necessidades das famílias assistidas, sendo considerada uma fonte eficiente na captação de água das chuvas, e assim, proporcionando melhorias nas condições e qualidade de vida dos mesmos.

This exploratory and qualitative study aimed to characterize the work process of nurses from Hospital Epidemiology Centers in relation to the agents, aim, means and instruments, object and products. The data were collected between March and May 2012, through open interviews held with nine nurses from five Hospital Epidemiology Centers in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, in accordance with Resolution 196/96. The study made it possible to identify the constituent elements of the work of the nurse in Hospital Epidemiological Surveillance and evidenced practices which are still incipient in some institutions. It emerged that the professional practice, in the centers referred to, must break from the taskcentered model of work, in favor of a model which is articulated with specialist services and which contributes to the construction of Public Policies aligned with the population’s health needs., Estudo exploratório e qualitativo, com o objetivo de caracterizar o processo de trabalho de enfermeiros de Núcleos Hospitalares de Epidemiologia quanto aos agentes, finalidade, meios e instrumentos, objeto e produtos. Os dados foram coletados, entre março e maio de 2012, por meio de entrevista aberta com nove enfermeiros de cinco Núcleos Hospitalares de Epidemiologia existentes em Curitiba-PR, em conformidade com a Resolução 196/96. O estudo permitiu identificar os elementos constituintes do trabalho do enfermeiro em Vigilância Epidemiológica Hospitalar e evidenciou práticas ainda incipientes em algumas instituições. Depreendeu-se que a prática profissional, nos referidos núcleos, deve romper com o modelo de atuação centrado em tarefas, para um modelo articulado com serviços de referência e que contribua com a construção de Políticas Públicas alinhadas às necessidades em saúde da população., Estudio exploratorio y cualitativo, cuyo objetivo fue caracterizar el proceso de trabajo de enfermeros de Núcleos Hospitalares de Epidemiología acerca de los agentes, finalidad, médios, instrumentos, objeto y productos. Los datos fueron obtenidos entre marzo y mayo de 2012, por medio de entrevista abierta con nueve enfermeros de cinco Núcleos Hospitalares de Epidemiología de Curitiba-PR, de acuerdo a la Resolución 196/96. El estudio posibilitó identificar los elementos que hacen parte del trabajo del enfermeiro en Vigilancia Epidemiológica Hospitalar y evidenció prácticas todavía incipientes en algunas instituciones. Se constató que la práctica profesional, en los referidos núcleos, debe romper el modelo de actuación centrado en tareas, para un modelo articulado con servicios de referencia y que contribuya con la construcción de Políticas Públicas referentes a las necesidades en salud de la población.

Cork oak woodlands (montado) are agroforestry systems distributed all over the Mediterranean basin with a very important social, economic and ecological value. A generalized cork oak decline has been occurring in the last decades jeopardizing its future sustainability. It is unknown how loss of tree cover affects microbial processes that are consuming greenhouse gases in the montado ecosystem. The study was conducted under two different conditions in the natural understory of a cork oak woodland in center Portugal: under tree canopy (UC) and open areas without trees (OA). Fluxes of methane and nitrous oxide were measured with a static chamber technique. In order to quantify methanotrophs and bacteria capable of nitrous oxide consumption, we used quantitative real-time PCR targeting the pmoA and nosZ genes encoding the subunit of particulate methane mono-oxygenase and catalytic subunit of the nitrous oxide reductase, respectively. A significant seasonal effect was found on CH4 and N2O fluxes and pmoA and nosZ gene abundance. Tree cover had no effect on methane fluxes; conversely, whereas the UC plots were net emitters of nitrous oxide, the loss of tree cover resulted in a shift in the emission pattern such that the OA plots were a net sink for nitrous oxide. In a seasonal time scale, the UC had higher gene abundance of Type I methanotrophs. Methane flux correlated negatively with abundance of Type I methanotrophs in the UC plots. Nitrous oxide flux correlated negatively with nosZ gene abundance at the OA plots in contrast to that at the UC plots. In the UC soil, soil organic matter had a positive effect on soil extracellular enzyme activities, which correlated positively with the N2O flux. Our results demonstrated that tree cover affects soil properties, key enzyme activities and abundance of microorganisms and, consequently net CH4 and N2O exchange.

This case study proposal aimed to analyze, from a research perspective in social psychology supported by the method of thematic oral history, the settings and contradictions of the senses while recruiting subjects. The study was conducted a Brazilian university professor of an African descent. As observed in a large number of people of an African descent, Hemetério experiences conflict in his identity process; at times, he is alienated by the ideology of whitening, and at other times, he finds himself restricted from expressing his racial condition. However, when he is asked to make a stand, he defends himself against discrimination with a strategy of active resistance and an affirmative racial attitude that only becomes possible when the communicative action emerges as an authentic condition. Another issue is the association between concealment and revelation of the racial aspects of identity and centrality of the teach character, which acts as the foundation of his thoughts and personal meanings., A proposta de estudo de caso, buscou analisar, a partir de uma pesquisa em Psicologia Social amparada pelo método de história oral temática, as configurações e contradições dos sentidos do processo identitário do sujeito selecionado: um professor universitário afro-descendente brasileiro. Como muitos afro-descendentes, Hemetério vivencia uma condição de conflito constitutiva em seu processo identitário: ora é alienado pela ideologia do embranquecimento; ora se vê impedido de manifestar-se sobre sua condição racial. Mas quando chamado a se posicionar, ele defende-se diante das discriminações, configurando uma estratégia de resistência ativa e uma atitude racial afirmativa. Esta só se torna possível, quando a ação comunicativa emerge como condição autêntica. Outra questão é a relação estabelecida entre ocultação e revelação dos aspectos raciais de sua identidade e a centralidade do personagem professor, que atua como alicerce de suas elaborações e significações pessoais., La propuesta de estudio de casoa buscó analizar, a través de una investigación en psicología social apoyada en el método de la historia oral temática, las configuraciones y contradicciones de los sentidos del proceso de identificación del sujeto seleccionado: un profesor universitario afrodescendiente brasileño. Así como muchos afrodescendientes, Hemetério vive una condición de conflicto constitutiva en su proceso de identidad: a veces alienado por la ideología del blanqueamiento, otras veces se encuentra impedido de expresarse acerca de su condición racial. Sin embargo, cuando se le solicita una posición, él se defiende frente a las discriminaciones, configurando una estrategia de resistencia activa y una actitud racial afirmativa. Esto es posible sólo cuando la acción comunicativa surge como condición autentica. Otro aspecto es la relación que se establece entre el ocultamiento y la revelación de los aspectos raciales de su identidad y la centralidad del carácter docente que actúa como la base de sus significados personales y elaboraciones.

Background and aims: During the recent decades, cork oak (Q. suber) mortality has been increasing in Mediterranean oak woodland endangering the economical and environmental sustainability of the “montado” ecosystem. This fact in combination with climate change and conversion of forestland to pasture may significantly affect the soil-atmosphere greenhouse gases (GHGs) exchange. Our study evaluates the impact of oak trees as compared to pasture on net ecosystem GHG (CH4, N2O, and CO2) exchange as well as the main environmental factors influencing this exchange. Methods: We used field chamber measurements for the collection of GHGs under three different conditions: 1) open area (OA), 2) under tree canopy area (UC) and 3) improved pasture (IP). Experiments were done under typical Mediterranean climate at central Portugal in 2010 and 2011. Results: The UC had higher nitrification potential, soil C/N ratio, electrical conductivity, litter input and soil organic matter (SOM) than OA and IP. SOM positively correlated with soil CH4 and N2O fluxes but not with soil CO2 respiration rates. Soil water content (SWC) drives both CH4 and N2O fluxes. Under certain conditions, when SWC reached a threshold (7 % for CH4 and 3 % for N2O) the result was net uptake and that net uptake increased with SWC. This was the case for the UC and OA. Conversely, for the IP soil water content above 4 % promoted net CH4 release. Conclusions: Our results show that cork oak influences soil properties and consequently GHGs fluxes. In the UC the input of litter for SOM together with soil moisture, favoured microbiological activity and related GHGs fluxes. Soil temperature is a secondary factor in the studied conditions. Our results also emphasized the potential impact posed by decreased cork oak tree density in the functioning of the “montado” ecosystem. Keywords Evergreen oak . Greenhouse gases .

Estudo exploratório, descritivo, ancorado na Teoria da Intervenção Práxica da Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva, objetivou identificar a competência avaliativa do enfermeiro para o reconhecimento e o enfrentamento das necessidades em saúde das famílias. O local do estudo foi um Distrito Sanitário da capital paranaense. Os dados foram coletados em fontes primárias e secundárias no período de junho de 2008 a julho de 2009. Os participantes da pesquisa foram 25 enfermeiras de Unidades de Saúde. Os resultados indicam que o enfermeiro reconhece processos determinantes das necessidades em saúde e do processo saúde-doença nas diferentes dimensões da realidade, singular, particular e estrutural, porém ao intervir não os relaciona, e assim, direciona suas ações para a dimensão singular. Nas considerações finais os desafios apontados são no sentido de capacitar os profissionais para promover intervenções que busquem reverter os processos determinantes das necessidades em saúde dos usuários dos serviços de saúde local.

Vitis vinifera L. represents an economically important fruit species. Grape and wine flavour is made from a complex set of compounds. The acidity of berries is a major parameter in determining grape berry quality for wine making and fruit consumption. Despite the importance of malic and tartaric acid (TA) storage and transport for grape berry acidity, no vacuolar transporter for malate or tartrate has been identified so far. Some members of the aluminium-activated malate transporter (ALMT) anion channel family from Arabidopsis thaliana have been shown to be involved in mediating malate fluxes across the tonoplast. Therefore, we hypothesised that a homologue of these channels could have a similar role in V. vinifera grape berries. We identified homologues of the Arabidopsis vacuolar anion channel AtALMT9 through a TBLASTX search on the V. vinifera genome database. We cloned the closest homologue of AtALMT9 from grape berry cDNA and designated it VvALMT9. The expression profile revealed that VvALMT9 is constitutively expressed in berry mesocarp tissue and that its transcription level increases during fruit maturation. Moreover, we found that VvALMT9 is targeted to the vacuolar membrane. Using patch-clamp analysis, we could show that, besides malate, VvALMT9 mediates tartrate currents which are higher than in its Arabidopsis homologue. In summary, in the present study we provide evidence that VvALMT9 is a vacuolar malate channel expressed in grape berries. Interestingly, in V. vinifera, a tartrate-producing plant, the permeability of the channel is apparently adjusted to TA.

Accumulation of anthocyanins in the exocarp of red grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivars is one of several events that characterize the onset of grape berry ripening (véraison). Despite our thorough understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation, little is known about the molecular aspects of their transport. The participation of ATP binding cassette (ABC) proteins in vacuolar anthocyanin transport has long been a matter of debate. Here, we present biochemical evidence that an ABC protein, ABCC1, localizes to the tonoplast and is involved in the transport of glucosylated anthocyanidins. ABCC1 is expressed in the exocarp throughout berry development and ripening, with a significant increase at véraison (i.e., the onset of ripening). Transport experiments using microsomes isolated from ABCC1-expressing yeast cells showed that ABCC1 transports malvidin 3-O-glucoside. The transport strictly depends on the presence of GSH, which is cotransported with the anthocyanins and is sensitive to inhibitors of ABC proteins. By exposing anthocyanin-producing grapevine root cultures to buthionine sulphoximine, which reduced GSH levels, a decrease in anthocyanin concentration is observed. In conclusion, we provide evidence that ABCC1 acts as an anthocyanin transporter that depends on GSH without the formation of an anthocyanin-GSH conjugate.

O conjunto dos capítulos deste trabalho aponta e elabora importantes alternativas de política capazes de retomar e sustentar novas formas desenvolvimento apropriadas, coesas e duradouras. Ao mesmo tempo, instiga e mobiliza reflexões sobre a relevância, tanto de aprendermos e acumularmos conhecimentos com experiências passadas, como de sermos capazes de vislumbrar novas possibilidades, modelos e instrumentos de políticas.

Este estudo discute alternativas para os sistemas produtivos da terra no plantio de tomates em São José de Ubá-RJ e as relações de trabalho passíveis de serem colocadas em pratica de forma a promover uma agricultura sustentavel na região, priorizando os aspectos economicos, ambientais e culturais do problema. A introdução da questão cultural aumenta a complexidade da questão, sendo necessário o uso de uma metodologia capaz de lidar com toda a subjetividade envolvida nesse processo de tomada de decisão. O estudo visa contribuir para a conquista de um processo sustentavel na região, estabelecendo um processo de tomada de decisão pautado nas opinioes do agricultor, respeitando principalmente as questões culturais do problema. As características do ambiente de tomada de decisão indicaram o uso de uma combinação de métodos de apoio a decisão multicritério - MACBETH e VIP Analysis - para a seleção da melhor alternativa capaz de possibilitar o alcance dos objetivos propostos.

It is presented in this paper a discussion about the regional dynamics in the region of Baixo Jaguaribe, state of Ceará, associated with the deployment of new productive activities that end up interfering in the city and the urban. The current restructuring and technical advances capitalist promote a devolution of economic activities, enabling scenarios of economic development in “areas of reserves” inserted in that context, the Baixo Jaguaribe, in recent decades, has received public investments, which make it feasible points of its territory and to integrate them dynamic areas of the country. In municipalities where they develop the modern productive activities, mainly under the control of outside companies, the cities participating in the process of reproduction of the capital generated by these activities in different manner, resulting in different kind of urban structure in the population dynamics in urban roles and intercity relations. Moreover, small towns are losing population and its urban economy still depends on public services and rural pensions., Apresenta-se neste artigo uma discussão sobre a dinâmica territorial na região do Baixo Jaguaribe, estado do Ceará, associada à implantação de novas atividades produtivas que acabam por interferir na cidade e no urbano. Os avanços técnicos e a atual reestruturação capitalista promovem uma desconcentração das atividades econômicas, viabilizando cenários de desenvolvimento econômico em “espaços de reservas”. Inserido nesse contexto, o Baixo Jaguaribe, nas últimas décadas, vem recebendo investimentos públicos, que permitem viabilizar pontos do seu território e integrá-los a áreas dinâmicas do país. Nos municípios onde se desenvolvem as atividades produtivas modernas, sob o comando principalmente de empresas externas, as cidades participam do processo de reprodução do capital gerado por essas atividades de forma diferenciada, repercutindo de forma distinta na estruturação urbana, na dinâmica populacional, nos papéis urbanos e relações interurbanas. Por outro lado, pequenas cidades vêm perdendo população e sua economia urbana continua dependendo de serviços públicos e aposentadorias rurais.

Relying on third age’s people learning capability, the extension programme “Third Age University” of Ponta Grossa State University offered an English Course, as part of its activities to the aging people of Ponta Grossa, in 2005. This article aims at showing that it was a successful initiative. Thus, the first group started with 15 students. In 2009, 40 students enrolled in the course. These students were divided into three groups of different linguistic levels. The methodology adopted in classroom follows the Communicative Approach. The students’ assessment is conducted formally and informally, indicating that the aging people have a high learning capability for second language acquisition, if their individual characteristic is taken into account. The positive results obtained after almost five years allow concluding that second language acquisition is possible at advanced age, and it is highly beneficial to the people who reach this period of life as an important factor for their social integration., Acreditando na capacidade de aprender, do idoso, o projeto extensionista “Universidade Aberta para a Terceira Idade”, da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, inseriu, em 2005, a disciplina de Língua Inglesa, como parte das atividades ofertadas ao grupo da terceira idade, da cidade de Ponta Grossa, Paraná. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar que a iniciativa atingiu resultados positivos. Em 2005, a primeira turma iniciou com 15 alunos. Em 2009, houve 40 alunos inscritos, que foram divididos em três turmas, de nível lingüístico diferenciado. A metodologia adotada nas aulas segue os preceitos da abordagem comunicativa; sendo que os conteúdos lingüísticos são adequados a tópicos de interesse dos alunos. A avaliação da aprendizagem é realizada formal e informalmente, sendo que indicam que é grande a capacidade do idoso, para em aprender uma língua estrangeira, uma vez respeitado o ritmo individual de cada um. O resultado positivo, obtido durante os quase cinco anos de atividade, permite concluir que a capacidade de aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira, na terceira idade, é hoje uma realidade concreta, constituindose como fator de integração social altamente benéfico para o idoso.

This research presents a possible form to give itself and materialize the mathematics modeling as a teaching-learning method in regular courses. To observe how the teacher and the students get involved with Modeling activities and discuss all knowledge already produced for previous researches, these development effects for the teaching practice in the preferred method for the student general formation as well as for the mathematics teaching-learning process, the model was tested in a high school first-year group and it had the first and second degree Functions significant learning production evaluated, focusing on the tools used for the comprehension of environment question related to water. The obtained results point out that learning through Modeling can make students become co-participant of their teaching-learning process. Consequently it makes their significant learning easy. On the other hand, for the teaching, among the acknowledgement of modeling using advantages for the teaching and this application, there's a study and research permeated way, that to be struck needs aptitude and audacity to get over the obstacles that may show u, Este trabalho apresenta uma forma possível de se conceber e materializar a Modelagem Matemática como método de ensino aprendizagem em cursos regulares. Para observar como a professora e os alunos se envolvem em atividades de Modelagem e discutir os efeitos desse envolvimento para a prática docente no referido método, para a formação geral do educando bem como para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da Matemática, a proposta de Modelagem foi aplicada em uma turma de primeira série do ensino Médio e avaliada quanto à produção de aprendizagens significativas de Função com enfoque de ferramenta para a compreensão de questões ambientais relacionadas com a água. Os resultados obtidos apontam que o ensino por Modelagem pode levar o aluno a tornar-se coparticipe de seu processo de ensino aprendizagem e, por consequência, ter sua aprendizagem significativa facilitada. Por outro lado, para o professor, entre o reconhecimento das vantagens quanto à utilização da Modelagem para o ensino e a sua aplicação, existe um caminho permeado de estudo e de pesquisa, que, para ser trilhado, precisa de disposição e audácia para vencer os obstáculos que se afigurem.

This study it is characterized by its descriptive nature. The specific problem of the users with “continuous” demand is mentioned to it,or either, to the users who look to the innumerable service of health times, being able this amount of times to correspond to the five days of theweek. Some presenting, in associated way, signals, symptoms or complaints, and others not. It was objectified, for way of this study, to understandthe demands of the users for “the continuous” frequency in the Unit of Ferraria Health of the city of Campo Largo-Pr. The number of interviewswas defined by the saturation criterion, according to Minayo (2004). The analysis of the gotten material sample that the majority of the users doesnot possess friends and, although to coexist other people, demonstrates to have an affective lack that is not supplied in the familiar scope andthe social environment where they are inserted. It is cabível to consider that not possessing a narrow bow of affection and union in house, in contrastof that it happens with people who possess a steady and satisfactory conjugal and familiar relation, the gone one to the unit of health can be presentedas an alternative to supply this necessity of affection and understanding. Allied to these feelings, other questions of economic-social matrix, suchas: low escolaridade, absence of professionalization, lack of job and absence of ways that provide the leisure in the community, to cite some of them, contribute so that the citizen adopts the boarded position in this study. On the other hand, it is perceived that such related behavior also is fruit of the problematic ones to the definition of public politics, management of the local services and models of attention to the health. For the reversion of the current model of attendance to the spontaneous demand, individualizado and curativista, it is given credit that using, professional of health, health controlling, as well as State and society must, El estudio es de naturaleza descriptiva. Se refiere a los usuarios con demanda “continua” – usuarios que buscan varia veces el servicio de salud, llegando a corresponder a los cinco días de la semana. Estos están en la unidad de salud presentando o no señales, síntomas o quejas. Se ha objetivado, por medio de este estudio, comprender las demandas de los usuarios para la frecuencia “continua” en la Unidade de Salud Ferraria del municipio de Campo Largo,PR. El número de las encuestas fue definido por el criterio de saturación, de acuerdo con Minayo (2004). El análisisdel material obtenido ha identificado que la mayoria de los usuarios no posee pareja y no obstante conviven con otras personas, demuestran carencia afectiva, la cual no es suprimida en el medio que conviven. Así pues, no poseyendo afecto y unión en casa, la ida a la unidad de Salud se presenta como una alternativa para suprimir esa necesidad. Aliadas a esos sentimientos, otras cuestiones de cuño económico-social, como: baja escolaridad, la falta de profesionalización, falta de empleo y ausencia de medios que proporcionen el ocio en la comunidad y otros, contribuyen para que el sujeto adopte la postura abordada en este estudio. Al revés, se percibe que el supuesto comportamiento está relacionado directamente a la definiciónde políticas públicas, gerencia de los servicios locales y modelos de atención a la salud. Para la reversión del actual modelo de atendimiento a la demanda natural, individualizada y curativa, se cree que los usuarios, profesionales, gerentes, bien como el Estado y la sociedad deben, direccionados por las necesidades identificadas en la populación, reflexionar sobre las acciones más adecuadas en salud., O estudo é de natureza descritiva. Refere-se aos usuários com demanda “contínua” - usuários que procuram o serviço de saúde inúmeras vezes, podendo corresponder aos cinco dias da semana. Estes estão na unidade de saúde apresentando ou não, sinais, sintomas ou queixas. Objetivouse compreender as demandas dos usuários para a freqüência “contínua” na Unidade de Saúde Ferraria do município de Campo Largo, PR. O número de entrevistas foi definido pelo critério de saturação 1. A análise do material obtido mostrou que a maioria dos usuários não possui companheiro e, apesar de conviverem com outras pessoas, demonstram carência afetiva que não é suprida no meio em que estão insertos. Assim, não possuindo afeto e união em casa, a ida à unidade de saúde apresenta-se como alternativa para suprir essa necessidade. Aliadas a esses sentimentos, outras questões de cunho econômico-social, tais como: baixa escolaridade, ausência de profissionalização, falta de emprego e ausência de meios que proporcionem o lazer na comunidade, para citar algumas delas, contribuem para que o sujeito adote a postura abordada neste estudo. Por outro lado, percebe-se que tal comportamento está relacionado diretamente à definição de políticas públicas, gerência dos serviços locais e modelos de atenção à saúde. Para a reversão do modelo atual de atendimento à demanda espontânea, individualizada e curativista, acredita-se que usuários, profissionais, gerentes, assim como Estado e sociedade, norteados pelas necessidades identificadas junto à população, devem estar juntos, refletindo a respeitodas aç&ot

The bond established between the senior citizens and the other members of family facilitates or not family relationships and the calm passage through this vital cycle. The representations of aging process in a familiar bond context in the view of the senior citizen strengthen the assistance given to the senior citizen and the family. The objective of this study is to present the senior citizens group speech about familiar bond in the aging process. It is a qualitative research whit social approach, using the “Speech of the Collective Citizen” methodology tool. A group of eight senior citizens from metropolitan region of Curitiba/Pr were the subjects of the research. The senior citizen reports the family as a vital human structure. Recognizes that the family is in constant crisis and its concept goes beyond blood bonds; he/she is worried about the family survival; violence and “institutionalization” are pointed out, the first one does not have a negative connotation if it’s seen as an originator of bonds and second deserves further discussion given the complexity of the subject that still is considered a taboo. It is imperative to affirm that working with family involves seen it as a continuous process, with the presence of contradictions and that the understanding of its problems and potentiality will change at each new contact during the vital cycle., El vinculo que es establecido entre el anciano y los otros miembros de la familia facilita el convivió familiar y el pasaje tranquilo por este ciclo de vida. Las representaciones al proceso de envejecer en un contexto de helo familiar, en la visión del anciano, favorecen el cuidado que se da al dúo anciano-familia. El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar el discurso formado por un grupo de ancianos sobre el vinculo familiar durante el proceso de envejecimiento. Se trata de una pesquisa cualitativa con enfoque social, utilizando como herramienta del método el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Los personajes de la pesquisa fueron ocho ancianos integrantes de un grupo de tercera edad de la región de Curitiba-PR. El anciano percebe la familia como una formación humana indispensable, reconoce que está en “crisis” constantemente y su idea va más allá que la consanguinidad familiar, apuntan la institucionalización y la violencia, siendo que la primera no tiene un matiz negativo, si vista como criadora de lazos y la segunda merece un otro tratamiento ya que la complejidad del asunto todavía la torna tabú. Es esencial decir que, trabajar con familia supone vislumbrarla como un proceso continuo, con presencia de contradicciones, que la comprensión de sus problemas y potencialidad mudará a cada nuevo contacto y a cada lugar que esta ocupe en el ciclo vital., O vínculo estabelecido entre o idoso e os outros membros da família facilita ou não a convivência familiar e a passagem tranqüila por esse ciclo vital. As representações sobre o processo de envelhecer num contexto de vínculo familiar na ótica do idoso potencializam a assistência prestada ao binômio idoso-família. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o discurso construído por um grupo de idosos sobre o vínculo familiar no processo de envelhecer. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem social, utilizando a ferramenta metodológica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram oito idosos pertencentes a um grupo de terceira idade da região metropolitana de Curitiba/PR. O idoso reporta a família como uma formação humana indispensável, reconhece que a mesma está em constante “crises” e seu conceito vai além dos laços de consangüinidade; mostra-se preocupado com a subsistência familiar; são apontadas as presenças da institucionalização e da violência, sendo que a primeira não tem conotação negativa se vista como formadora de laços e a segunda merece um tratamento maior em face da complexidade do assunto que ainda é considerado um tabu. É premente afirmar que o trabalhar com família pressupõe vislumbrá-la como um processo contínuo, com a presença de contradições e que a compreensão de seus problemas e potencialidade mudará a cada novo contato e cada posição que a mesma se encontra no ciclo vital.

This dissertation examines the uses and meanings of the so-called Mudéjar aesthetic in sixteenth century New Spain (colonial Mexico). Its focus on the luxury arts, especially on cloth, clothing, and ceramics, offers a shift from the traditional focus on architectural history to a wider lens that incorporates the study of material culture. Throughout the sixteenth century, when the consolidation of the Hapsburg state and its rise as a world power saw a converse decline of Andalusi culture, Mudéjar objects were employed in distinct ways by members of Iberian society. In the colonial context, Mudéjar goods were both visible signifiers of Iberian-ness and common tools in the acculturating process of the local population, which began immediately after the conquest. This trend suggests that the currency of the Mudéjar aesthetic during such an embattled period, and especially in the viceregal environment, indicates a radical disconnection from anything traditionally considered Islamic. It also highlights Mudejarismo as a wholly Iberian aesthetic choice, unambiguously laden with Iberian cultural value. In this work, I offer a new approach to the study of Mudejarismo in the early colonial period; one that acknowledges the uniqueness of the colonial situation as a fertile ground for the production of new meanings out of old forms, but that also brings together Iberian and viceregal histories of the sixteenth century. I employ a cross-disciplinary ethnohistoric approach that combines the interpretation of historical documentation, literary sources, and visual culture through a comparative lens that keeps Spain and New Spain, the imperial and the colonial, in perspective. This method emphasizes the objects' cultural value in New Spain during the sixteenth century. It also incorporates the American Mudéjar in a discussion of colonial power relations and cultural formation. In doing so, the Mudéjar emerges not as a popular expression of Iberian art, but rather as a visual tool em

Le principal objectif de cette thèse consiste à mieux comprendre l'écologie des bactéries aérobiques anoxygéniques phototrophes (AAP) dans les écosystèmes d'eaux douces et ce, en explorant comment leurs différentes composantes écophysiologiques sont affectées par des facteurs régulateurs tels que la disponibilité de la lumière, la prédation, les nutriments et le carbone organique dissous. Les trois chapitres de cette thèse explorent plus particulièrement la régulation des bactéries AAP selon différents aspects écophysiologiques. D'une part, nous avons étudié les facteurs qui régulent la croissance nette, la taille des cellules et l'abondance relative des bactéries AAP dans les communautés bactériennes. D'autre part, nous avons observé la régulation du taux de croissance brut et de l'activité de cellules individuelles des bactéries AAP. Par rapport aux facteurs ayant le potentiel de régir les communautés APP, nous avons centré notre attention sur l'effet du broutage et des nutriments sur la régulation de l'abondance, de la croissance nette et de la taille cellulaire. Par rapport aux facteurs ayant le potentiel de régir l'activité et la croissance des bactéries AAP, nous avons centré notre attention sur les effets de la lumière, des nutriments et du carbone organique dissous. En combinant des approches empirique et expérimentale, nous avons exploré à la fois les patrons des activités des cellules individuelles, des taux de croissances bruts, de la production de pigments, du potentiel phototrophique, de la mortalité, de la taille cellulaire, de l'abondance et de la biomasse des AAP dans leurs écosystèmes naturels ainsi que les processus réglementaires sous-jacents en conditions expérimentales. Cette approche diverse inclue la combinaison d'expérimentation à l'échelle des mésocosmes et des microscomes, la collecte d'eau dans plusieurs lacs couvrant des grands gradients environnementaux et l'utilisation d'une variété d'outils microbiologiques incluant la microscopie à fl

Vitis vinifera L. represents an economically important fruit species. Grape and wine flavour is made from a complex set of compounds. The acidity of berries is a major parameter in determining grape berry quality for wine making and fruit consumption. Despite the importance of malic and tartaric acid (TA) storage and transport for grape berry acidity, no vacuolar transporter for malate or tartrate has been identified so far. Some members of the aluminium-activated malate transporter (ALMT) anion channel family from Arabidopsis thaliana have been shown to be involved in mediating malate fluxes across the tonoplast. Therefore, we hypothesised that a homologue of these channels could have a similar role in V. vinifera grape berries. We identified homologues of the Arabidopsis vacuolar anion channel AtALMT9 through a TBLASTX search on the V. vinifera genome database. We cloned the closest homologue of AtALMT9 from grape berry cDNA and designated it VvALMT9. The expression profile revealed that VvALMT9 is constitutively expressed in berry mesocarp tissue and that its transcription level increases during fruit maturation. Moreover, we found that VvALMT9 is targeted to the vacuolar membrane. Using patch-clamp analysis, we could show that, besides malate, VvALMT9 mediates tartrate currents which are higher than in its Arabidopsis homologue. In summary, in the present study we provide evidence that VvALMT9 is a vacuolar malate channel expressed in grape berries. Interestingly, in V. vinifera, a tartrate-producing plant, the permeability of the channel is apparently adjusted to TA