1. A multi-wavelength study of nearby millisecond pulsar PSR J1400$-$1431: improved astrometry & an optical detection of its cool white dwarf companion
- Author
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Swiggum, Joseph K., Kaplan, David L., McLaughlin, Maura A., Lorimer, Duncan R., Bogdanov, Slavko, Ray, Paul S., Lynch, Ryan, Gentile, Peter, Rosen, Rachel, Heatherly, Sue Ann, Barlow, Brad N., Hegedus, Ryan J., Soto, Alan Vasquez, Clancy, Paddy, Kondratiev, Vladislav I., Stovall, Kevin, Istrate, Alina, Penprase, Bryan, Bellm, Eric C., Swiggum, Joseph K., Kaplan, David L., McLaughlin, Maura A., Lorimer, Duncan R., Bogdanov, Slavko, Ray, Paul S., Lynch, Ryan, Gentile, Peter, Rosen, Rachel, Heatherly, Sue Ann, Barlow, Brad N., Hegedus, Ryan J., Soto, Alan Vasquez, Clancy, Paddy, Kondratiev, Vladislav I., Stovall, Kevin, Istrate, Alina, Penprase, Bryan, and Bellm, Eric C.
- Abstract
In 2012, five high school students involved in the Pulsar Search Collaboratory discovered the millisecond pulsar PSR J1400$-$1431 and initial timing parameters were published in Rosen et al. (2013) a year later. Since then, we have obtained a phase-connected timing solution spanning five years, resolving a significant position discrepancy and measuring $\dot{P}$, proper motion, parallax, and a monotonic slope in dispersion measure over time. Due to PSR J1400$-$1431's proximity and significant proper motion, we use the Shklovskii effect and other priors to determine a 95% confidence interval for PSR J1400$-$1431's distance, $d=270^{+130}_{-80}$ pc. With an improved timing position, we present the first detection of the pulsar's low-mass white dwarf (WD) companion using the Goodman Spectrograph on the 4.1-m SOAR telescope. Deeper imaging suggests that it is a cool DA-type WD with $T_{\rm eff}=3000\pm100$ K and $R/R_\odot=(2.19\pm0.03)\times10^{-2}\,(d/270\,{\rm pc})$. We show a convincing association between PSR J1400$-$1431 and a $\gamma$-ray point source, 3FGL J1400.5$-$1437, but only weak (3.3-$\sigma$) evidence of pulsations after folding $\gamma$-ray photons using our radio timing model. We detect an X-ray counterpart with XMM-Newton but the measured X-ray luminosity ($1\times10^{29}$ ergs s$^{-1}$) makes PSR J1400$-$1431 the least X-ray luminous rotation-powered millisecond pulsar (MSP) detected to date. Together, our findings present a consistent picture of a nearby ($d\approx230$ pc) MSP in a 9.5-day orbit around a cool, $\sim$0.3 M$_\odot$ WD companion, with orbital inclination, $i\gtrsim60^\circ$., Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables
- Published
- 2017
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