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Microalgae are mostly phototrophic microorganisms present worldwide, showcasing great adaptability to their environment. They are known for producing essential metabolites such as carotenoids, chlorophylls, sterols, lipids, and many more. This study discusses the possibility of the mixotrophic abilities of microalgae in the presence of food waste oils. The utilization of food waste materials is becoming more popular as a research subject as its production grows every year, increasing the environmental burden. In this work, waste frying oil and coffee oil were tested for the first time as a nutrition source for microalgae cultivation. Waste frying oil is produced in large amounts all over the world and its simple purification is one of its greatest advantages as it only needs to be filtered from leftover food pieces. Coffee oil is extracted from waste spent coffee grounds as a by-product. The waste frying oil and coffee oil were added to the basic algal media as an alternative source of carbon. As a pilot study for further experimentation, the effect of oil in the medium, algal adaptability, and capability to survive were tested within these experiments. The growth and production characteristics of four algae and cyanobacteria strains were tested, of which the strain Desmodesmus armatus achieved exceptional results of chlorophyll (8.171 & PLUSMN; 0.475 mg/g) and ubiquinone (5.708 & PLUSMN; 0.138 mg/g) production. The strain Chlamydomonas reindhartii showed exceptional lipid accumulation in the range of 30-46% in most of the samples.

Microalgae are mostly phototrophic microorganisms present worldwide, showcasing great adaptability to their environment. They are known for producing essential metabolites such as carotenoids, chlorophylls, sterols, lipids, and many more. This study discusses the possibility of the mixotrophic abilities of microalgae in the presence of food waste oils. The utilization of food waste materials is becoming more popular as a research subject as its production grows every year, increasing the environmental burden. In this work, waste frying oil and coffee oil were tested for the first time as a nutrition source for microalgae cultivation. Waste frying oil is produced in large amounts all over the world and its simple purification is one of its greatest advantages as it only needs to be filtered from leftover food pieces. Coffee oil is extracted from waste spent coffee grounds as a by-product. The waste frying oil and coffee oil were added to the basic algal media as an alternative source of carbon. As a pilot study for further experimentation, the effect of oil in the medium, algal adaptability, and capability to survive were tested within these experiments. The growth and production characteristics of four algae and cyanobacteria strains were tested, of which the strain Desmodesmus armatus achieved exceptional results of chlorophyll (8.171 & PLUSMN; 0.475 mg/g) and ubiquinone (5.708 & PLUSMN; 0.138 mg/g) production. The strain Chlamydomonas reindhartii showed exceptional lipid accumulation in the range of 30-46% in most of the samples.

Green coffee processing has been hindered by low oil extraction yields from mechanical pressing and the need of using flammable and hazardous solvents for defatting the protein-rich cake before subsequent protein extraction. To replace the use of flammable solvents and enable the simultaneous extraction of lipids and proteins from green coffee beans at reduced water usage, a multistage countercurrent extraction process was scaled up from 0.05 to 1.14 kg and evaluated regarding protein and oil extractability, physicochemical and functional properties of the extracted protein, and oil recovery. Enzymatic extraction increased protein extractability by ~13% while achieving similar oil extractability when not using enzymes (55%). Proteolysis resulted in the release of smaller proteins with reduced surface hydrophobicity and higher solubility at acidic pH (3.0–5.0). The physicochemical changes observed due to proteolysis resulted in the formation of emulsions with reduced resistance against enzymatic and chemical demulsification strategies, enhancing the recovery of the extracted oil (48.6–51.0%). Proteolysis did not alter the high in vitro digestibility of green coffee proteins (up to 99%) or their emulsifying properties at most pH values evaluated. However, proteolysis did reduce the foaming properties of the hydrolysates compared with larger molecular weight proteins. These findings revealed the impact of extraction conditions on the extractability and structural modifications altering the functionality of green coffee proteins and the synergistic impact of extraction and demulsification strategies on the recovery of the extracted oil, paving the way for the development of structure–function processes to effectively produce green coffee proteins with desired functionality.

One of the most addressed topics today is the transfer from a linear model of economics to a model of circular economics. It is a discipline that seeks to eliminate waste produced by various industries. The food industry generates huge amounts of waste worldwide, particularly the coffee industry, and related industries produce millions of tons of waste a year. These wastes have potential utility in biotechnology, and in the production of energy, fuels, fertilizers and nutrients, using green techniques such as anaerobic digestion, co-digestion, composting, enzymatic action, and ultrasonic and hydrothermal carbonization. This work is focused on the biotechnological use of processed spent coffee grounds (SCG) and waste fat/oil materials by some Sporidiobolus sp. carotenogenic yeasts in the model of circular economics. The results show that selected yeast strains are able to grow on SCG hydrolysate and are resistant to antimicrobial compounds present in media. The most productive strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus CCY19-9-6 was chosen for bioreactor cultivation in media with a mixture of coffee lignocellulose fraction and some fat wastes. Sporidiobolus pararoseus CCY19-9-6 was able to produce more than 22 g/L of biomass in mixture of SCG hydrolysate and both coffee oil and frying oil. The combined waste substrates induced the production of lipidic metabolites, whereby the production of carotenoids exceeded 5 mg/g of dry biomass. On media with coffee oil, this strain produced high amounts of ubiquinone (8.265 +/- 1.648 mg/g) and ergosterol (13.485 +/- 1.275 mg/g). Overall, the results prove that a combination of waste substrates is a promising option for the production of carotenoid- and lipid-enriched yeast biomass.

The production of green coffee oil by mechanical pressing of green coffee beans has been precluded by low extraction yields, which generates a protein-rich byproduct (cake) containing variable amounts of lipids. Subsequent utilization of the cake requires the removal of the residual cake oil by solvent extraction. An eco-friendly extraction strategy, using water, enzymes, and mechanical treatments, was evaluated to concurrently extract lipids and proteins from green coffee flour, without the use of harsh solvents. Among the enzymatic treatments evaluated, the use of 0.5% alkaline protease led to higher protein (62.2%) and oil (47.7%) extractability in a shorter time (30 min). This enzymatic treatment was optimized with respect to solids-to-liquid ratio (SLR) (1:17.5-1:7) and concentration of enzyme (0.1-0.9% w/w). Although optimum extraction conditions (1:17.5 SLR and 0.1% enzyme) achieved high protein (70%) and oil (48%) extractability and reduced enzyme use by 80%, a higher water usage was required. Therefore, a two-stage countercurrent extraction was developed to reduce water usage in the process. The countercurrent extraction strategy not only reduced the amount of water used in the process by 60% but promoted higher protein (72%) and oil (58%) extractability, compared with the single-stage process (62.2 and 47.7%, respectively).

One of the most addressed topics today is the transfer from a linear model of economics to a model of circular economics. It is a discipline that seeks to eliminate waste produced by various industries. The food industry generates huge amounts of waste worldwide, particularly the coffee industry, and related industries produce millions of tons of waste a year. These wastes have potential utility in biotechnology, and in the production of energy, fuels, fertilizers and nutrients, using green techniques such as anaerobic digestion, co-digestion, composting, enzymatic action, and ultrasonic and hydrothermal carbonization. This work is focused on the biotechnological use of processed spent coffee grounds (SCG) and waste fat/oil materials by some Sporidiobolus sp. carotenogenic yeasts in the model of circular economics. The results show that selected yeast strains are able to grow on SCG hydrolysate and are resistant to antimicrobial compounds present in media. The most productive strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus CCY19-9-6 was chosen for bioreactor cultivation in media with a mixture of coffee lignocellulose fraction and some fat wastes. Sporidiobolus pararoseus CCY19-9-6 was able to produce more than 22 g/L of biomass in mixture of SCG hydrolysate and both coffee oil and frying oil. The combined waste substrates induced the production of lipidic metabolites, whereby the production of carotenoids exceeded 5 mg/g of dry biomass. On media with coffee oil, this strain produced high amounts of ubiquinone (8.265 +/- 1.648 mg/g) and ergosterol (13.485 +/- 1.275 mg/g). Overall, the results prove that a combination of waste substrates is a promising option for the production of carotenoid- and lipid-enriched yeast biomass.

One of the most addressed topics today is the transfer from a linear model of economics to a model of circular economics. It is a discipline that seeks to eliminate waste produced by various industries. The food industry generates huge amounts of waste worldwide, particularly the coffee industry, and related industries produce millions of tons of waste a year. These wastes have potential utility in biotechnology, and in the production of energy, fuels, fertilizers and nutrients, using green techniques such as anaerobic digestion, co-digestion, composting, enzymatic action, and ultrasonic and hydrothermal carbonization. This work is focused on the biotechnological use of processed spent coffee grounds (SCG) and waste fat/oil materials by some Sporidiobolus sp. carotenogenic yeasts in the model of circular economics. The results show that selected yeast strains are able to grow on SCG hydrolysate and are resistant to antimicrobial compounds present in media. The most productive strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus CCY19-9-6 was chosen for bioreactor cultivation in media with a mixture of coffee lignocellulose fraction and some fat wastes. Sporidiobolus pararoseus CCY19-9-6 was able to produce more than 22 g/L of biomass in mixture of SCG hydrolysate and both coffee oil and frying oil. The combined waste substrates induced the production of lipidic metabolites, whereby the production of carotenoids exceeded 5 mg/g of dry biomass. On media with coffee oil, this strain produced high amounts of ubiquinone (8.265 +/- 1.648 mg/g) and ergosterol (13.485 +/- 1.275 mg/g). Overall, the results prove that a combination of waste substrates is a promising option for the production of carotenoid- and lipid-enriched yeast biomass.

One of the most addressed topics today is the transfer from a linear model of economics to a model of circular economics. It is a discipline that seeks to eliminate waste produced by various industries. The food industry generates huge amounts of waste worldwide, particularly the coffee industry, and related industries produce millions of tons of waste a year. These wastes have potential utility in biotechnology, and in the production of energy, fuels, fertilizers and nutrients, using green techniques such as anaerobic digestion, co-digestion, composting, enzymatic action, and ultrasonic and hydrothermal carbonization. This work is focused on the biotechnological use of processed spent coffee grounds (SCG) and waste fat/oil materials by some Sporidiobolus sp. carotenogenic yeasts in the model of circular economics. The results show that selected yeast strains are able to grow on SCG hydrolysate and are resistant to antimicrobial compounds present in media. The most productive strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus CCY19-9-6 was chosen for bioreactor cultivation in media with a mixture of coffee lignocellulose fraction and some fat wastes. Sporidiobolus pararoseus CCY19-9-6 was able to produce more than 22 g/L of biomass in mixture of SCG hydrolysate and both coffee oil and frying oil. The combined waste substrates induced the production of lipidic metabolites, whereby the production of carotenoids exceeded 5 mg/g of dry biomass. On media with coffee oil, this strain produced high amounts of ubiquinone (8.265 +/- 1.648 mg/g) and ergosterol (13.485 +/- 1.275 mg/g). Overall, the results prove that a combination of waste substrates is a promising option for the production of carotenoid- and lipid-enriched yeast biomass.

Based on the energy and environmental audit, analysis of material flows, energy conversion, emissions into atmosphere and lithosphere in the production of instant coffee was carried out.To raise energy efficiency and reduce environmental burden, innovative flow diagrams and equipment for waste processing and production of new coffee products have been developed.Experimental modeling was carried out: kinetics of microwave extraction of water-soluble substances and oil from coffee slurry; hydraulics of the extractant flow through cassettes of the microwave extractor. The experimental data were summarized in the form of a criterion equation.As a result of experimental modeling of the extraction kinetics, it was found that the duration of the process in a microwave field is approximately 20 times less than in a thermostat. The microwave field affects the extraction rate to a greater extent than the process temperature. The growth of microwave power results in a more than the two-fold rise of the yield of extractives from a coffee slurry.Specification of the microwave oil extractor was defined. The extractor sample was tested at a specific power of 180...240 W/kg in the mode of boiling extractant. Ethanol (93...96 % concentration) was used as an extractant. As a result of the tests, a high-quality coffee oil was obtained. It is characterized by a pronounced aroma, coffee taste and an intense dark brown color.Flow diagram of pre-extraction of coffee from slurry was worked out. Additional extraction of water-soluble extractive substances from coffee slurry increased the extract yield by 10...12 %. The temperature regime of extraction was significantly reduced plus duration and energy intensity of the process were reduced.An innovative flow diagram has been developed for the production of liquid coffee concentrate as a basis for coffee-based drinks ready for immediate use. The concentration of solids is 50...65 %, На основе энергетического и экологического аудита проведен анализ материальных потоков, конверсии энергии, выбросов в атмосферу и литосферу при производстве растворимого кофе.Для повышения энергоэффективности, снижения экологической нагрузки разработаны инновационные технологические схемы и оборудование по переработке отходов и производству новых кофейных продуктов.Проведено экспериментальное моделирование: кинетики микроволнового экстрагирования водорастворимых веществ и масла из кофейного шлама; гидравлики течения экстрагента через кассеты микроволнового экстрактора. Экспериментальные данные обобщены в виде критериального уравнения.В результате экспериментального моделирования кинетики экстрагирования установлено, что продолжительность процесса в микроволновом поле приблизительно в 20 раз меньше, чем в термостате. Действие микроволнового поля влияет на скорость экстрагирования в большей мере, чем температура процесса. Повышение мощности микроволновой энергии повышает выход экстрактивных веществ из кофейного шлама более чем в два раза.Определены технические характеристики микроволнового экстрактора масла. Испытания образца экстрактора проводились при удельной мощности 180…240 Вт/кг в режиме кипения экстрагента. В качестве экстрагента использовался этанол (концентрация 93…96 %). В результате испытаний получено качественное кофейное масло, которое характеризуется выраженным ароматом и вкусом кофе и интенсивной темно-коричневой окраской.Разработана технологическая схема предэкстрагирования кофе из шлама. Дополнительное извлечение из шлама кофе водорастворимых экстрактивных веществ, повышает выход экстракта на 10…12 %. Существенно снижен температурный режим экстрагирования, уменьшена продолжительность и энергоемкость процесса.Разработана инновационная технологическая схема производства жидкого концентрата кофе – основы для напитков на базе кофе, готовых к немедленному употреблению. Концентрация сухих веществ составляет 50…65 %, На основі енергетичного й екологічного аудиту проведено аналіз матеріальних потоків, конверсії енергії, викидів в атмосферу й літосферу при виробництві розчинної кави.Для підвищення енергоефективності, зниження екологічного навантаження розроблені інноваційні технологічні схеми й устаткування по переробці відходів і виробництву нових кавових продуктів.Проведено експериментальне моделювання: кінетики мікрохвильового екстрагування водорозчинних речовин і масла з кавового шламу; гідравліки плину экстрагента через касети мікрохвильового екстрактора. Експериментальні дані узагальнені у вигляді критериального рівняння.У результаті експериментального моделювання кінетики екстрагування встановлено, що тривалість процесу в мікрохвильовому полі приблизно в 20 разів менше, ніж у термостаті. Дія мікрохвильового поля впливає на швидкість екстрагування більшою мірою, чим температура процесу. Підвищення потужності мікрохвильової енергії підвищує вихід екстрактивних речовин з кавового шламу більш ніж у два рази.Визначено технічні характеристики мікрохвильового екстрактора масла. Випробування зразка екстрактора проводилися при питомій потужності 180…240 Вт/кг у режимі кипіння екстрагенту. У якості екстрагенту використовувався етанол (концентрація 93...96 %). У результаті випробувань отримане якісне кавове масло, що характеризується вираженим ароматом і смаком кави й інтенсивним темно-коричневим фарбуванням.Розроблено технологічну схему передекстрагування кави зі шламу. Додатковий витяг зі шламу кави водорозчинних екстрактивних речовин, підвищує вихід екстракту на 10...12 %. Істотно знижено температурний режим екстрагування, зменшені тривалість і енергоємність процесу.Розроблено інноваційну технологічну схему виробництва рідкого концентрату кави – основи для напоїв на базі кави, готових до безпосереднього вживання. Концентрація сухих речовин становить 50...65 %

In the present work, the extraction of oil from roasted coffee beans using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO) under different conditions of pressure (15-30 MPa) and temperature (40-60°C) was studied. A central composite experimental design was employed in order to establish the effect of these parameters on the yield and fatty acids composition that was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The aroma was analyzed by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The optimum oil yield was 8.9%, obtained at 33.1 MPa and 35.9°C. The main fatty acids identified were palmitic (46.1%), linoleic (32.9%), oleic (8.0%), stearic (6.6%) and arachidic (1.9%). The volatile compounds of the coffee oil belong mainly to the family of furans and pyrazines, which maintain the particular features of the roasted coffee. This fact makes the coffee oil attractive to be used in the food and/or cosmetic industry.

The present work describes oil being extracted from toasted coffee by the extrusion method; two products are obtained from this process: coffee oil and pulp. Toasted coffee was used which has a high amount of sensorial compounds. It should be noted that a significant criterion in evaluating the quality of coffee lies in its aroma. When extracting oil from coffee, a significant part of toasted coffee’s aromatic content leaves with it, varying according to the extraction method. A fixed oil having a high volatile load is thus obtained, presenting favorable sensory characteristics. The pulp was physically and chemically analysed to show its benefit and particular properties and, according to the results so obtained, it is a product having potential usefulness., En el presente trabajo se realiza la extracción de aceite de café mediante el método de extrusión. En dicho proceso se obtienen dos productos: el aceite de café y la torta. Para tal propósito se utilizó café tostado, el cual se caracteriza por poseer una elevada cantidad de compuestos odoríferos; es importante saber que un criterio significativo en la valoración de la calidad del café, es su aroma. Al extraer el aceite, una parte significativa del contenido aromático del café tostado, que varía según el método de extracción usado, sale con él. Es así como se obtiene un aceite fijo con una alta carga volátil, el cual presenta características organolépticas favorables. Al segundo producto que se obtiene, se le realizó análisis físico-químico en aras de mostrar sus bondades y propiedades particulares, y de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, es un producto que presenta un amplio potencial de utilización.

Background: Coffee oil potently raises serum cholesterol levels in humans. The diterpenes cafestol and kahweol are responsible for this elevation. Coffee oil also causes elevation of liver enzyme levels in serum. It has been suggested that cafestol is mainly responsible for the effect on serum cholesterol levels and that kahweol is mainly responsible for the effect on liver enzyme levels. The objective of this study was to investigate whether coffee oil that only contains a minute amount of kahweol indeed does not cause elevation of liver enzyme levels. Methods: The response of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) to Robusta coffee oil (62 mg/day cafestol, 1.6 mg/day kahweol) was measured in 18 healthy volunteers. Results: After nine days one subject was taken off Robusta oil treatment due to an ALAT level of 3.6 times the upper limit of normal (ULN). Another two subjects stopped treatment due to other reasons. After 16 days another two subjects were taken off Robusta oil treatment. One of those subjects had levels of 5.8 ULN for ALAT and 2.0 ULN for ASAT; the other subject had an ALAT level of 12.4 ULN and an ASAT level of 4.7 ULN. It was then decided to terminate the study. The median response of subjects to Robusta oil after 16 days was 0.27 ULN (n = 15, 25th, 75th percentile: 0.09; 0.53) for ALAT and 0.06 ULN (25th, 75th percentile -0.06; 0.22) for ASAT. Conclusions: We conclude that the effect on liver enzyme levels of coffee oil containing hardly any kahweol is similar to that of coffee oil containing high amounts of kahweol. Therefore it is unlikely that kahweol is the component of coffee oil that is responsible for the effect. Furthermore, we conclude that otherwise unexplained elevation of liver enzyme levels observed in patients might be caused by a switch from consumption of filtered coffee to unfiltered coffee.

Coffee beans contain the diterpene cafestol, which raises plasma cholesterol concentrations in humans. Daily consumption of 2 g coffee oil, which provides approximately 60 mg cafestol (equivalent to 5.7 mg cafestol/MJ), increases plasma cholesterol concentrations by 28%. We studied the effect of cafestol in coffee oil on gerbils and rats to determine whether the pathways that lead to cafestol-induced hypercholesterolemia in humans are also present in other species. We fed coffee oil from the same batch used in humans to female gerbils and rats. Gerbils were fed a semipurified diet containing 0.5% or 5% (w/w) coffee oil (equivalent to 8.7 and 86.8 mg cafestol/MJ, respectively) in the presence or absence of 0.05% (w/w) cholesterol for a period of 10 weeks. When compared with the gerbils fed no coffee oil, the addition of 0.5% coffee oil to the diets did not affect plasma cholesterol. Plasma cholesterol was significantly higher only when 5% coffee oil was fed, both in the absence (1.01 mmol/L, 33% higher) and presence (1.87 mmol/L, 70% higher) of dietary cholesterol. Liver weight was also significantly higher when 5% coffee oil was fed. Rats were also fed diets containing 0.5% or 5% coffee oil (equivalent to 8.7 and 86.8 mg cafestol/MJ) with and without 0.05% cholesterol for 8 weeks. Feeding 0.5% coffee oil compared with no coffee oil resulted in significantly higher plasma cholesterol levels throughout the study both in the absence (0.46 mmol/L, 27% higher) and presence (0.28 mmol/L, 15% higher) of dietary cholesterol. Diets containing 5% coffee oil appeared to be toxic. Thus, coffee oil diterpenes can result in higher plasma cholesterol in gerbils and rats. The failure to observe these effects in previous studies may be due to doses that were too low.

Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na sledování produkčních vlastností karotenogenních kvasinek při kultivacích za použití odpadních substrátů jako zdrojů organického uhlíku a energie. Mezi testované odpadní substráty patřily odpadní fritovací olej, kuřecí kafilerní odpadní tuk, kávový olej a kávový hydrolyzát získávaný z kávové sedliny a odpadní glycerol. Zkoumanými producenty byly kvasinky Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum (CCY 17-18-4), Cystofilobasidium macerans (CCY 10-1-2), Rhodotorula kratochvilovae (CCY 20-2-26), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 19-4-6), Rhodotorula toruloides (CCY 62-2-4), Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6), Sporidiobolus metaroseus (CCY 19-6-20) a Sporidiobolus salmonicolor (CCY 19-6-4). Mezi sledovanými metabolity byly karotenoidy, ergosterol, ubichinon, tokoferol, lipidy, složení mastných kyselin a betaglukany. Dále byla také sledována lipázová aktivita. Práce má dvě základní části: teoretickou a experimentální. V teoretické části jsou popsány jednotlivé rody, sledované metabolity a jejich funkce a použité odpadní substráty. V experimentální části byly popsány použité způsoby přípravy a úpravy odpadních substrátů, příprava médií, kultivace kvasinek, získání biomasy a její zpracování, příprava vzorků na jednotlivé analýzy a samotná analýza metabolitů. Ze screeningových kultivací bylo zjištěno, že nejvhodnějšími kmeny pro kultivaci s využitím odpadních substrátů jsou Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula toruloides a Cystofilobasidium macerans. Nejvyšší produkce biomasy a výrazné obohacení biomasy o sledované metabolity dosahoval kmen Sporidiobolus pararoseus. Na základě screeningových kultivací bylo provedeno několik velkoobjemových kultivací v laboratorním bioreaktoru, kde nejlepšího nárůstu dosáhl kmen Sporidiobolus pararoseus (37,5) g/l., This thesis is aimed at monitoring the production characteristics of carotenogenic yeasts when cultured using waste substrates as sources of organic carbon and energy. The waste substrates tested included waste fryer oil, chicken rendering waste fat, coffee oil and coffee hydrolysate derived from coffee grounds and waste glycerol. The producers investigated were yeasts Cystophilobasidium infirmominiatum (CCY 17-18-4), Cystophilobasidium macerans (CCY 10-1-2), and Rhodotorula kratochvilovae (CCY 20-2-26), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 19-4-6), Rhodotorula toruloides (CCY 62-2-4), Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6), Sporidiobolus metaroseus (CCY 19-6-20) and Sporidiobolus salmonicolor (CCY 19-6-4). Among the metabolites studied were carotenoids, ergosterol, ubiquinone, tocopherol, lipids, fatty acid composition and beta-glucans. Lipase activity was also monitored. The thesis has two main parts: theoretical and experimental. The theoretical part describes the different genera, the metabolites studied and their functions, and the waste substrates used. In the experimental part, the methods used for the preparation and treatment of waste substrates, media preparation, yeast cultivation, biomass acquisition and processing, sample preparation for individual analyses, and the metabolite analysis itself were described. From the screening cultures, it was found that the most suitable strains for cultivation using waste media were Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula toruloides and Cystophilobasidium macerans. The strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus achieved the highest biomass production and significant enrichment of biomass with the metabolites studied. Based on screening cultures, several large-scale cultures were performed in a laboratory bioreactor, where the best increase was achieved by the strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus (37.5) g/l.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá produkcí karotenoidů a lipidických látek vybranými kmeny karotenogenních kvasinek kultivovaných na odpadních substrátech potravinářského průmyslu. Byly sledovány produkční vlastnosti kvasinkových kmenů Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Sporidiobolus metaroseus, Cystofilobasidium macerans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula kratochvilovae a Rhodosporidium toruloides. Kultury byly kultivovány pomocí odpadních produktů potravinářské výroby: odpadní fritovací olej, kávový olej, který byl získán extrakcí z kávové sedliny a odpadní živočišný tuk z kafilerií. Práce je složena ze dvou hlavních částí. V teoretické části jsou popsány jednotlivé rody kvasinek, sledované metabolity, odpadní produkty a metody analýzy sledovaných metabolitů. Experimentální část je zaměřena na použití a zpracování odpadních substrátů, kultivace kvasinek, získávání a zpracování biomasy analýzu metabolitů. Pro produkci karotenoidů na odpadních substrátech byly nejvhodnější kmeny Rhodosporidium toruloides a Sporidiobolus pararoseus. Nejvyšší produkce lipidických látek byla naměřena u kmene Sporidiobolus pararoseus., This bachelor thesis deals with the production of carotenoids and lipids by selected strains of carotenogenic yeasts cultivated on waste substrates of the food industry. The production properties of the yeast strains Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Sporidiobolus metaroseus, Cystofilobasidium macerans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula kratochvilovae and Rhodosporidium toruloides were studied. The cultures were cultivated by using waste products of food industry: waste frying oil, coffee oil which was obtained by extraction from coffee grounds and waste animal fat from rendering plants. The work consists of two main parts. The theoretical part describes the individual genera of yeasts, monitored metabolites, waste products and methods of analysis of monitored metabolites. The experimental part is focused on the processing of used waste substrates, cultivation of yeasts, acquisition and processing of biomass and analysis of metabolites. Rhodosporidium toruloides and Sporidiobolus pararoseus strains were the most suitable for the production of carotenoids on waste substrates. The highest production of lipid substances was measured in the strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá produkcí karotenoidů a lipidických látek vybranými kmeny karotenogenních kvasinek kultivovaných na odpadních substrátech potravinářského průmyslu. Byly sledovány produkční vlastnosti kvasinkových kmenů Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Sporidiobolus metaroseus, Cystofilobasidium macerans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula kratochvilovae a Rhodosporidium toruloides. Kultury byly kultivovány pomocí odpadních produktů potravinářské výroby: odpadní fritovací olej, kávový olej, který byl získán extrakcí z kávové sedliny a odpadní živočišný tuk z kafilerií. Práce je složena ze dvou hlavních částí. V teoretické části jsou popsány jednotlivé rody kvasinek, sledované metabolity, odpadní produkty a metody analýzy sledovaných metabolitů. Experimentální část je zaměřena na použití a zpracování odpadních substrátů, kultivace kvasinek, získávání a zpracování biomasy analýzu metabolitů. Pro produkci karotenoidů na odpadních substrátech byly nejvhodnější kmeny Rhodosporidium toruloides a Sporidiobolus pararoseus. Nejvyšší produkce lipidických látek byla naměřena u kmene Sporidiobolus pararoseus., This bachelor thesis deals with the production of carotenoids and lipids by selected strains of carotenogenic yeasts cultivated on waste substrates of the food industry. The production properties of the yeast strains Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Sporidiobolus metaroseus, Cystofilobasidium macerans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula kratochvilovae and Rhodosporidium toruloides were studied. The cultures were cultivated by using waste products of food industry: waste frying oil, coffee oil which was obtained by extraction from coffee grounds and waste animal fat from rendering plants. The work consists of two main parts. The theoretical part describes the individual genera of yeasts, monitored metabolites, waste products and methods of analysis of monitored metabolites. The experimental part is focused on the processing of used waste substrates, cultivation of yeasts, acquisition and processing of biomass and analysis of metabolites. Rhodosporidium toruloides and Sporidiobolus pararoseus strains were the most suitable for the production of carotenoids on waste substrates. The highest production of lipid substances was measured in the strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá produkcí karotenoidů a lipidických látek vybranými kmeny karotenogenních kvasinek kultivovaných na odpadních substrátech potravinářského průmyslu. Byly sledovány produkční vlastnosti kvasinkových kmenů Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Sporidiobolus metaroseus, Cystofilobasidium macerans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula kratochvilovae a Rhodosporidium toruloides. Kultury byly kultivovány pomocí odpadních produktů potravinářské výroby: odpadní fritovací olej, kávový olej, který byl získán extrakcí z kávové sedliny a odpadní živočišný tuk z kafilerií. Práce je složena ze dvou hlavních částí. V teoretické části jsou popsány jednotlivé rody kvasinek, sledované metabolity, odpadní produkty a metody analýzy sledovaných metabolitů. Experimentální část je zaměřena na použití a zpracování odpadních substrátů, kultivace kvasinek, získávání a zpracování biomasy analýzu metabolitů. Pro produkci karotenoidů na odpadních substrátech byly nejvhodnější kmeny Rhodosporidium toruloides a Sporidiobolus pararoseus. Nejvyšší produkce lipidických látek byla naměřena u kmene Sporidiobolus pararoseus., This bachelor thesis deals with the production of carotenoids and lipids by selected strains of carotenogenic yeasts cultivated on waste substrates of the food industry. The production properties of the yeast strains Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Sporidiobolus metaroseus, Cystofilobasidium macerans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula kratochvilovae and Rhodosporidium toruloides were studied. The cultures were cultivated by using waste products of food industry: waste frying oil, coffee oil which was obtained by extraction from coffee grounds and waste animal fat from rendering plants. The work consists of two main parts. The theoretical part describes the individual genera of yeasts, monitored metabolites, waste products and methods of analysis of monitored metabolites. The experimental part is focused on the processing of used waste substrates, cultivation of yeasts, acquisition and processing of biomass and analysis of metabolites. Rhodosporidium toruloides and Sporidiobolus pararoseus strains were the most suitable for the production of carotenoids on waste substrates. The highest production of lipid substances was measured in the strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus.

Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na sledování produkčních vlastností karotenogenních kvasinek při kultivacích za použití odpadních substrátů jako zdrojů organického uhlíku a energie. Mezi testované odpadní substráty patřily odpadní fritovací olej, kuřecí kafilerní odpadní tuk, kávový olej a kávový hydrolyzát získávaný z kávové sedliny a odpadní glycerol. Zkoumanými producenty byly kvasinky Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum (CCY 17-18-4), Cystofilobasidium macerans (CCY 10-1-2), Rhodotorula kratochvilovae (CCY 20-2-26), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 19-4-6), Rhodotorula toruloides (CCY 62-2-4), Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6), Sporidiobolus metaroseus (CCY 19-6-20) a Sporidiobolus salmonicolor (CCY 19-6-4). Mezi sledovanými metabolity byly karotenoidy, ergosterol, ubichinon, tokoferol, lipidy, složení mastných kyselin a betaglukany. Dále byla také sledována lipázová aktivita. Práce má dvě základní části: teoretickou a experimentální. V teoretické části jsou popsány jednotlivé rody, sledované metabolity a jejich funkce a použité odpadní substráty. V experimentální části byly popsány použité způsoby přípravy a úpravy odpadních substrátů, příprava médií, kultivace kvasinek, získání biomasy a její zpracování, příprava vzorků na jednotlivé analýzy a samotná analýza metabolitů. Ze screeningových kultivací bylo zjištěno, že nejvhodnějšími kmeny pro kultivaci s využitím odpadních substrátů jsou Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula toruloides a Cystofilobasidium macerans. Nejvyšší produkce biomasy a výrazné obohacení biomasy o sledované metabolity dosahoval kmen Sporidiobolus pararoseus. Na základě screeningových kultivací bylo provedeno několik velkoobjemových kultivací v laboratorním bioreaktoru, kde nejlepšího nárůstu dosáhl kmen Sporidiobolus pararoseus (37,5) g/l., This thesis is aimed at monitoring the production characteristics of carotenogenic yeasts when cultured using waste substrates as sources of organic carbon and energy. The waste substrates tested included waste fryer oil, chicken rendering waste fat, coffee oil and coffee hydrolysate derived from coffee grounds and waste glycerol. The producers investigated were yeasts Cystophilobasidium infirmominiatum (CCY 17-18-4), Cystophilobasidium macerans (CCY 10-1-2), and Rhodotorula kratochvilovae (CCY 20-2-26), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 19-4-6), Rhodotorula toruloides (CCY 62-2-4), Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6), Sporidiobolus metaroseus (CCY 19-6-20) and Sporidiobolus salmonicolor (CCY 19-6-4). Among the metabolites studied were carotenoids, ergosterol, ubiquinone, tocopherol, lipids, fatty acid composition and beta-glucans. Lipase activity was also monitored. The thesis has two main parts: theoretical and experimental. The theoretical part describes the different genera, the metabolites studied and their functions, and the waste substrates used. In the experimental part, the methods used for the preparation and treatment of waste substrates, media preparation, yeast cultivation, biomass acquisition and processing, sample preparation for individual analyses, and the metabolite analysis itself were described. From the screening cultures, it was found that the most suitable strains for cultivation using waste media were Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula toruloides and Cystophilobasidium macerans. The strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus achieved the highest biomass production and significant enrichment of biomass with the metabolites studied. Based on screening cultures, several large-scale cultures were performed in a laboratory bioreactor, where the best increase was achieved by the strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus (37.5) g/l.

Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na sledování produkčních vlastností karotenogenních kvasinek při kultivacích za použití odpadních substrátů jako zdrojů organického uhlíku a energie. Mezi testované odpadní substráty patřily odpadní fritovací olej, kuřecí kafilerní odpadní tuk, kávový olej a kávový hydrolyzát získávaný z kávové sedliny a odpadní glycerol. Zkoumanými producenty byly kvasinky Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum (CCY 17-18-4), Cystofilobasidium macerans (CCY 10-1-2), Rhodotorula kratochvilovae (CCY 20-2-26), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 19-4-6), Rhodotorula toruloides (CCY 62-2-4), Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6), Sporidiobolus metaroseus (CCY 19-6-20) a Sporidiobolus salmonicolor (CCY 19-6-4). Mezi sledovanými metabolity byly karotenoidy, ergosterol, ubichinon, tokoferol, lipidy, složení mastných kyselin a betaglukany. Dále byla také sledována lipázová aktivita. Práce má dvě základní části: teoretickou a experimentální. V teoretické části jsou popsány jednotlivé rody, sledované metabolity a jejich funkce a použité odpadní substráty. V experimentální části byly popsány použité způsoby přípravy a úpravy odpadních substrátů, příprava médií, kultivace kvasinek, získání biomasy a její zpracování, příprava vzorků na jednotlivé analýzy a samotná analýza metabolitů. Ze screeningových kultivací bylo zjištěno, že nejvhodnějšími kmeny pro kultivaci s využitím odpadních substrátů jsou Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula toruloides a Cystofilobasidium macerans. Nejvyšší produkce biomasy a výrazné obohacení biomasy o sledované metabolity dosahoval kmen Sporidiobolus pararoseus. Na základě screeningových kultivací bylo provedeno několik velkoobjemových kultivací v laboratorním bioreaktoru, kde nejlepšího nárůstu dosáhl kmen Sporidiobolus pararoseus (37,5) g/l., This thesis is aimed at monitoring the production characteristics of carotenogenic yeasts when cultured using waste substrates as sources of organic carbon and energy. The waste substrates tested included waste fryer oil, chicken rendering waste fat, coffee oil and coffee hydrolysate derived from coffee grounds and waste glycerol. The producers investigated were yeasts Cystophilobasidium infirmominiatum (CCY 17-18-4), Cystophilobasidium macerans (CCY 10-1-2), and Rhodotorula kratochvilovae (CCY 20-2-26), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 19-4-6), Rhodotorula toruloides (CCY 62-2-4), Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6), Sporidiobolus metaroseus (CCY 19-6-20) and Sporidiobolus salmonicolor (CCY 19-6-4). Among the metabolites studied were carotenoids, ergosterol, ubiquinone, tocopherol, lipids, fatty acid composition and beta-glucans. Lipase activity was also monitored. The thesis has two main parts: theoretical and experimental. The theoretical part describes the different genera, the metabolites studied and their functions, and the waste substrates used. In the experimental part, the methods used for the preparation and treatment of waste substrates, media preparation, yeast cultivation, biomass acquisition and processing, sample preparation for individual analyses, and the metabolite analysis itself were described. From the screening cultures, it was found that the most suitable strains for cultivation using waste media were Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula toruloides and Cystophilobasidium macerans. The strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus achieved the highest biomass production and significant enrichment of biomass with the metabolites studied. Based on screening cultures, several large-scale cultures were performed in a laboratory bioreactor, where the best increase was achieved by the strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus (37.5) g/l.

Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na sledování produkčních vlastností karotenogenních kvasinek při kultivacích za použití odpadních substrátů jako zdrojů organického uhlíku a energie. Mezi testované odpadní substráty patřily odpadní fritovací olej, kuřecí kafilerní odpadní tuk, kávový olej a kávový hydrolyzát získávaný z kávové sedliny a odpadní glycerol. Zkoumanými producenty byly kvasinky Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum (CCY 17-18-4), Cystofilobasidium macerans (CCY 10-1-2), Rhodotorula kratochvilovae (CCY 20-2-26), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 19-4-6), Rhodotorula toruloides (CCY 62-2-4), Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6), Sporidiobolus metaroseus (CCY 19-6-20) a Sporidiobolus salmonicolor (CCY 19-6-4). Mezi sledovanými metabolity byly karotenoidy, ergosterol, ubichinon, tokoferol, lipidy, složení mastných kyselin a betaglukany. Dále byla také sledována lipázová aktivita. Práce má dvě základní části: teoretickou a experimentální. V teoretické části jsou popsány jednotlivé rody, sledované metabolity a jejich funkce a použité odpadní substráty. V experimentální části byly popsány použité způsoby přípravy a úpravy odpadních substrátů, příprava médií, kultivace kvasinek, získání biomasy a její zpracování, příprava vzorků na jednotlivé analýzy a samotná analýza metabolitů. Ze screeningových kultivací bylo zjištěno, že nejvhodnějšími kmeny pro kultivaci s využitím odpadních substrátů jsou Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula toruloides a Cystofilobasidium macerans. Nejvyšší produkce biomasy a výrazné obohacení biomasy o sledované metabolity dosahoval kmen Sporidiobolus pararoseus. Na základě screeningových kultivací bylo provedeno několik velkoobjemových kultivací v laboratorním bioreaktoru, kde nejlepšího nárůstu dosáhl kmen Sporidiobolus pararoseus (37,5) g/l., This thesis is aimed at monitoring the production characteristics of carotenogenic yeasts when cultured using waste substrates as sources of organic carbon and energy. The waste substrates tested included waste fryer oil, chicken rendering waste fat, coffee oil and coffee hydrolysate derived from coffee grounds and waste glycerol. The producers investigated were yeasts Cystophilobasidium infirmominiatum (CCY 17-18-4), Cystophilobasidium macerans (CCY 10-1-2), and Rhodotorula kratochvilovae (CCY 20-2-26), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 19-4-6), Rhodotorula toruloides (CCY 62-2-4), Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6), Sporidiobolus metaroseus (CCY 19-6-20) and Sporidiobolus salmonicolor (CCY 19-6-4). Among the metabolites studied were carotenoids, ergosterol, ubiquinone, tocopherol, lipids, fatty acid composition and beta-glucans. Lipase activity was also monitored. The thesis has two main parts: theoretical and experimental. The theoretical part describes the different genera, the metabolites studied and their functions, and the waste substrates used. In the experimental part, the methods used for the preparation and treatment of waste substrates, media preparation, yeast cultivation, biomass acquisition and processing, sample preparation for individual analyses, and the metabolite analysis itself were described. From the screening cultures, it was found that the most suitable strains for cultivation using waste media were Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula toruloides and Cystophilobasidium macerans. The strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus achieved the highest biomass production and significant enrichment of biomass with the metabolites studied. Based on screening cultures, several large-scale cultures were performed in a laboratory bioreactor, where the best increase was achieved by the strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus (37.5) g/l.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá produkcí karotenoidů a lipidických látek vybranými kmeny karotenogenních kvasinek kultivovaných na odpadních substrátech potravinářského průmyslu. Byly sledovány produkční vlastnosti kvasinkových kmenů Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Sporidiobolus metaroseus, Cystofilobasidium macerans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula kratochvilovae a Rhodosporidium toruloides. Kultury byly kultivovány pomocí odpadních produktů potravinářské výroby: odpadní fritovací olej, kávový olej, který byl získán extrakcí z kávové sedliny a odpadní živočišný tuk z kafilerií. Práce je složena ze dvou hlavních částí. V teoretické části jsou popsány jednotlivé rody kvasinek, sledované metabolity, odpadní produkty a metody analýzy sledovaných metabolitů. Experimentální část je zaměřena na použití a zpracování odpadních substrátů, kultivace kvasinek, získávání a zpracování biomasy analýzu metabolitů. Pro produkci karotenoidů na odpadních substrátech byly nejvhodnější kmeny Rhodosporidium toruloides a Sporidiobolus pararoseus. Nejvyšší produkce lipidických látek byla naměřena u kmene Sporidiobolus pararoseus., This bachelor thesis deals with the production of carotenoids and lipids by selected strains of carotenogenic yeasts cultivated on waste substrates of the food industry. The production properties of the yeast strains Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Sporidiobolus metaroseus, Cystofilobasidium macerans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula kratochvilovae and Rhodosporidium toruloides were studied. The cultures were cultivated by using waste products of food industry: waste frying oil, coffee oil which was obtained by extraction from coffee grounds and waste animal fat from rendering plants. The work consists of two main parts. The theoretical part describes the individual genera of yeasts, monitored metabolites, waste products and methods of analysis of monitored metabolites. The experimental part is focused on the processing of used waste substrates, cultivation of yeasts, acquisition and processing of biomass and analysis of metabolites. Rhodosporidium toruloides and Sporidiobolus pararoseus strains were the most suitable for the production of carotenoids on waste substrates. The highest production of lipid substances was measured in the strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá produkcí karotenoidů a lipidických látek vybranými kmeny karotenogenních kvasinek kultivovaných na odpadních substrátech potravinářského průmyslu. Byly sledovány produkční vlastnosti kvasinkových kmenů Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Sporidiobolus metaroseus, Cystofilobasidium macerans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula kratochvilovae a Rhodosporidium toruloides. Kultury byly kultivovány pomocí odpadních produktů potravinářské výroby: odpadní fritovací olej, kávový olej, který byl získán extrakcí z kávové sedliny a odpadní živočišný tuk z kafilerií. Práce je složena ze dvou hlavních částí. V teoretické části jsou popsány jednotlivé rody kvasinek, sledované metabolity, odpadní produkty a metody analýzy sledovaných metabolitů. Experimentální část je zaměřena na použití a zpracování odpadních substrátů, kultivace kvasinek, získávání a zpracování biomasy analýzu metabolitů. Pro produkci karotenoidů na odpadních substrátech byly nejvhodnější kmeny Rhodosporidium toruloides a Sporidiobolus pararoseus. Nejvyšší produkce lipidických látek byla naměřena u kmene Sporidiobolus pararoseus., This bachelor thesis deals with the production of carotenoids and lipids by selected strains of carotenogenic yeasts cultivated on waste substrates of the food industry. The production properties of the yeast strains Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Sporidiobolus metaroseus, Cystofilobasidium macerans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula kratochvilovae and Rhodosporidium toruloides were studied. The cultures were cultivated by using waste products of food industry: waste frying oil, coffee oil which was obtained by extraction from coffee grounds and waste animal fat from rendering plants. The work consists of two main parts. The theoretical part describes the individual genera of yeasts, monitored metabolites, waste products and methods of analysis of monitored metabolites. The experimental part is focused on the processing of used waste substrates, cultivation of yeasts, acquisition and processing of biomass and analysis of metabolites. Rhodosporidium toruloides and Sporidiobolus pararoseus strains were the most suitable for the production of carotenoids on waste substrates. The highest production of lipid substances was measured in the strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus.

Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na sledování produkčních vlastností karotenogenních kvasinek při kultivacích za použití odpadních substrátů jako zdrojů organického uhlíku a energie. Mezi testované odpadní substráty patřily odpadní fritovací olej, kuřecí kafilerní odpadní tuk, kávový olej a kávový hydrolyzát získávaný z kávové sedliny a odpadní glycerol. Zkoumanými producenty byly kvasinky Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum (CCY 17-18-4), Cystofilobasidium macerans (CCY 10-1-2), Rhodotorula kratochvilovae (CCY 20-2-26), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 19-4-6), Rhodotorula toruloides (CCY 62-2-4), Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6), Sporidiobolus metaroseus (CCY 19-6-20) a Sporidiobolus salmonicolor (CCY 19-6-4). Mezi sledovanými metabolity byly karotenoidy, ergosterol, ubichinon, tokoferol, lipidy, složení mastných kyselin a betaglukany. Dále byla také sledována lipázová aktivita. Práce má dvě základní části: teoretickou a experimentální. V teoretické části jsou popsány jednotlivé rody, sledované metabolity a jejich funkce a použité odpadní substráty. V experimentální části byly popsány použité způsoby přípravy a úpravy odpadních substrátů, příprava médií, kultivace kvasinek, získání biomasy a její zpracování, příprava vzorků na jednotlivé analýzy a samotná analýza metabolitů. Ze screeningových kultivací bylo zjištěno, že nejvhodnějšími kmeny pro kultivaci s využitím odpadních substrátů jsou Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula toruloides a Cystofilobasidium macerans. Nejvyšší produkce biomasy a výrazné obohacení biomasy o sledované metabolity dosahoval kmen Sporidiobolus pararoseus. Na základě screeningových kultivací bylo provedeno několik velkoobjemových kultivací v laboratorním bioreaktoru, kde nejlepšího nárůstu dosáhl kmen Sporidiobolus pararoseus (37,5) g/l., This thesis is aimed at monitoring the production characteristics of carotenogenic yeasts when cultured using waste substrates as sources of organic carbon and energy. The waste substrates tested included waste fryer oil, chicken rendering waste fat, coffee oil and coffee hydrolysate derived from coffee grounds and waste glycerol. The producers investigated were yeasts Cystophilobasidium infirmominiatum (CCY 17-18-4), Cystophilobasidium macerans (CCY 10-1-2), and Rhodotorula kratochvilovae (CCY 20-2-26), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 19-4-6), Rhodotorula toruloides (CCY 62-2-4), Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6), Sporidiobolus metaroseus (CCY 19-6-20) and Sporidiobolus salmonicolor (CCY 19-6-4). Among the metabolites studied were carotenoids, ergosterol, ubiquinone, tocopherol, lipids, fatty acid composition and beta-glucans. Lipase activity was also monitored. The thesis has two main parts: theoretical and experimental. The theoretical part describes the different genera, the metabolites studied and their functions, and the waste substrates used. In the experimental part, the methods used for the preparation and treatment of waste substrates, media preparation, yeast cultivation, biomass acquisition and processing, sample preparation for individual analyses, and the metabolite analysis itself were described. From the screening cultures, it was found that the most suitable strains for cultivation using waste media were Sporidiobolus pararoseus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula toruloides and Cystophilobasidium macerans. The strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus achieved the highest biomass production and significant enrichment of biomass with the metabolites studied. Based on screening cultures, several large-scale cultures were performed in a laboratory bioreactor, where the best increase was achieved by the strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus (37.5) g/l.