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Noting that although dental disease is preventable, dental decay is still the most common and costly oral health problem among children, this special Kids Count report presents information on oral health and the role of prevention and the problem of poor oral health in Arkansas. Included in the report is information on the obstacles in accessing oral health care in the state, noting that the problem is most pronounced in rural areas and for children in low-income families. State maps detail the number of licensed dentists for each county, the number accepting Medicaid payment, and the number of counties with communities having either natural or adjusted fluoridation. Statistics on the following oral health indicators are presented for Arkansas and for the nation as a whole: (1) sealant rate; (2) proportion of the population visiting the dentist in the past year; (3) fluoridation status; (4) proportion having professional teeth cleaning in the past year; and (5) dentists per person. The report notes that Arkansas' oral health indicators are slightly worse than their national indicators but considerably worse than the goals of Healthy People 2010. The problems of access to dental care and water fluoridation are discussed, and potential solutions to the oral health emergency are delineated. The report concludes with a description of a model program and acknowledgments. (Contains 25 endnotes.) (KB)

A program for improving and expanding dental education concerning treatment of the handicapped was evaluated and compared to dental education programs that were not funded to address the needs of the handicapped. Eleven dental schools received funding during 1975-1978 from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation for the special training. Various kinds of evaluative measures were employed, including measures of the appropriate technical knowledge for handicapped care, and attitudes about treatment of handicapped persons in actual practice. A second part of the evaluation effort was a followup survey of the graduates of the 11 target schools in the years 1974, 1976, and 1978 to determine the nature and extent of the handicapped patients in their practice. The data were supplemented by observations made during site visits to the schools. In addition, graduates of 10 schools that had not been funded were surveyed in 1978 and 1980. Extensive data are presented concerning results of a knowledge test, clinical experience with handicapped patients, treatment planning alternatives, student background characteristics, and followup results. Followup site visits to nine schools who were funded to provide the special training revealed that each of the schools were honoring their commitment to continue the program with their own resources. Questionnaires are included. (SW)

Historical and current U.S. data are presented on women and minorities both working in health fields and preparing for these fields as students. The 96 statistical tables with accompanying text concern trends in the education and employment of minorities (Part I) and men and women (Part II) for the following health occupations: physicians, dentists, optometrists, pharmacists, podiatrists, veterinarians, nurses, public health personnel, and selected allied health personnel. Tables include the following: enrollments in the various health education programs, graduation rates, comparison of minority women first-year enrollment and total enrollments by discipline, graduates by individual school and racial/ethnic category, salaried faculty for each discipline by racial/ethnic category and sex, applications to health professions schools by sex, enrollment and graduation rates by sex, and number of active federal and civilian practitioners in each discipline by sex. (SW).

Detailed statistics on trends in the U.S. supply and geographic distribution of personnel in eight health occupations, along with current data on selected professional characteristics, are presented. Statistical tables include combined data for the eight occupations, and groups of tables for the individual health occupations: physicians (both M.D.'s and Doctor of Osteopathy), dentists, optometrists, pharmacists, podiatrists, veterinarians, and registered nurses. The multiple occupation tables provide national trend and current figures for personnel supply and ratio to population, and certain data on percent distribution by state. In addition, related ratio and percent distribution data are presented by metropolitan areas and non-metropolitan counties. The age distribution of personnel in the eight occupations is also covered. Data are included on national trends in active personnel supply during 1950-1980, together with personnel-to-population ratios. Also provided for all eight occupations is the geographic distribution of active personnel, and their ratio to population, by region, division, and state, as of 1970, 1975, and 1980. Additional considerations include foreign medical graduates, practice characteristics by specialty, active nonfederal M.D.'s, and health occupation shortage areas. (SW)

The report provides descriptive profiles of the current and past supply of health manpower and projections. It also describes the methodology and techniques used to derive the profiles and projections, and provides interpretations and evaluations of the adequacy and comparability of existing statistics, with descriptions of the more conspicuous gaps in the current health manpower information system. The health manpower occupations covered are: physicians, medical specialists (M.D.'s), dentists, optometrists, pharmacists, podiatrists, veterinarians, registered nurses, and allied health occupations. The report, prepared by different groups of specialists, represents the output of the first phase of Project SOAR (Supply, Output, and Requirements), a multiphased systematic analysis of the nation's health manpower situation today and in the future. Part 1 provides an overview of the concepts, methodology, assumptions underlying the estimates and projections, and presents summary highlights of the study in tabular and narrative form. Part 2 presents detailed statistical material on the current manpower profile and projected supply in specific health fields. Appendixes include detailed projection tables presenting information on an individual year basis as well as other relevant information not shown separately in individual chapters. (Author/MW)

Focusing on health occupations, this document is one in a series of forty-one reprints from the Occupational Outlook Handbook providing current information and employment projections for individual occupations and industries through 1985. The specific occupations covered in this document include dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental laboratory technicians, health services administrators, nursing occupations (registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants), and therapy and rehabilitation occupations (occupational therapists, occupational therapy assistants/aides, physical therapists, physical therapist assistants/aides, speech pathologists, and audiologists). The following information is presented for each occupation or occupational area: a code number referenced to the Dictionary of Occupational Titles; a description of the nature of the work; places of employment; training, other qualifications, and advancement; employment outlook; earnings and working conditions; and sources of additional information. In addition to the forty-one reprints covering individual occupations or occupational areas (CE 017 757-797), a companion document (CE 017 756) presents employment projections for the total labor market and discusses the relationship between job prospects and education. (BM)

To assist the youthful learner of English as a second language in dealing with communicating in the doctor's office, the dentist's office, and the pharmacy, a series of dialogs, comprehension questions, readings, and points of discussion are presented. The text is illustrated. (JB)

To assist the youthful learner of English as a second language in dealing with making doctor's appointments, a series of dialogs, comprehension questions, readings, and points of discussion are presented. The text is illustrated. (JB)

Statistical data on many aspects of dental and allied dental personnel supply, distribution, characteristics, and education and on certain other aspects of dental services are presented and discussed. The data on dentist supply show the national trend in the supply of active dentists since 1950 and the concurrent changes in dentist-to-population ratios, as well as increases in the number of dentists in each specialty and State and region. The geographic maldistribution of dentists is examined. Data are presented on dental practice characteristics, including type of dental employment, employment of dental auxiliary personnel, number of patient visits, and income. Trends in the number of dental schools, student enrollment, and graduates are discussed and documented. Data are presented on the supply of allied dental personnel, including dental hygienists, dental assistants, and dental laboratory technicians, and on the availability of training programs for these types of personnel. The utilization of dental services by the public is explored in terms of the percent of persons who have visited a dentist within a year, the average number of dental visits, and the types of services received. Trend data are presented on national health expenditures and dental expenditures from 1950 through 1970. Insurance coverage for dental care is discussed. Data are presented on the oral health status of the U.S. population, as indicated by the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth; the extent of periodontal disease; and the prevalence of edentulous arches. A statistical summary of the 1975 flouridation census is also included. (SC)

"Exploring Careers" is a career education resource program, published in fifteen separate booklets, for junior high school-age students. It provides information about the world of work and offers its readers a way of learning about themselves and relating that information to career choices. The publications aim to build career awareness by means of occupational narratives, evaluative questions, activities, and career games grouped in fourteen occupational clusters. This eleventh of the series, "Health Occupations," presents an overview of jobs in health-related occupations, such as doctors, nurses and medical technicians. Narrative accounts focus on a registered nurse, a medical laboratory technologist, and a physical therapist, describing what they do and how they prepared for their careers. Exploring sections relate skills needed for these occupations to students' personal characteristics, and learning activities such as volunteering to work in a hospital of nursing home and taking a first aid course are suggested. A Job Facts section lists nature and places of work, training and qualifications, and other information for thirty-two health occupations, grouped in occupational clusters of medical practitioners, dental, nursing, therapy and rehabilitation, medical technologist, technician, and assistant, and other health occupations. ("Exploring Careers" is also available as a single volume of fifteen chapters.) (KC)

The status of the National Health Service Corps Scholarship Program is examined in this third annual report with cumulative data from inception of the program. The scholarship award includes the payment of a monthly stipend, tuition and fees, and other educational expenses in a federal program of service-conditional awards for students of allopathic and osteopathic medicine, dentistry, and other health professions. In return for each year of award, scholarship recipients must agree to serve one year providing clinical health care services in designated health manpower shortage areas of the United States. Appropriations for the 1979-80 academic year (fiscal year 1979) were $75 million, a $15 million increase over the previous year, with 7,399 applicants. Appropriations for the seven award cycles from the 1973-74 academic year totaled $245.5 million. Awards for the 1979-80 academic year totaled 6,408, with 2,379 awards made to new recipients and 4,029 to former recipients. For the seven award cycles of the program, 22,670 awards have been made to 11,446 students. By the end of fiscal year 1979, 238 scholarship recipients had fulfilled their service obligation; 189 were physicians and 49 were dentists. During the 1979 fiscal year, 605 scholarship participants entered obligated service. Scholarship participants (8,910) still in training are expected to enter service obligations during the fiscal years 1980 through 1986. The service obligations of all recipients since the program began totals over 22,000 person-years. (CC)

Prepared for middle school students, this magazine provides a historical overview of 150 years of medicine in Iowa. Focusing on practitioners, early medicinal practices, and common ailments, the articles include: (1) "Health in Iowa"; (2) "Horse and Buggy Doctors"; (3)"Dandy Home Remedies" (P. Stolt); (4) "Doctors Wanted: Women Need Not Apply" (S. Wood); (5) "Read an Advertisement" (E. Miller); (6) "Druggists and Teeth Pullers"; (7) "Nursing in Iowa: The Making of a Profession" (V. Carlson); (8) "The Professionalization of Medicine: Did It Hurt Or Help Women"?; and (9) "The Great Flu" (P. Stolt). "Get Healthy Tips" (C. Annicella) contains advice on fitness, nutrition, and dental hygiene. The state-sponsored "Write Women Back Into History" contest's winning essay, "A Hundred Pounds of Dynamite" by Carrie Spann is also reproduced here. Various student activities are provided throughout the publication. (DJC)

Federal efforts to establish financial support for health professions education in the 1960s and 1970s have led to an increase in the enrollment of minorities and women in health professions schools. The increase in the number of minority students graduating from these schools during the past decade has resulted in more minority practitioners among the total supply of active health care providers. However, statistical data on the numbers, distribution, and characteristics of minority health care providers, through which to measure accurately such changes or identify problems and progress, have not been available. This report provides estimates of minority enrollments in health professional schools and of 1980 levels of the supply of Black practitioners in medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy, and Hispanic practitioners in pharmacy. In addition, it provides an assessment of what the supply picture may be for these practitioners in the year 2000. These estimates were derived from the Bureau of Health Professions general forecasting data. The report also presents data on: (1) proportional representation of Black and Hispanic practitioners among the total supply of practitioners in the profession; and (2) ratios depicting the relationship between the supply of Black and Hispanic practitioners and the total population in these racial/ethnic groups. (AOS)

The document is one of the teaching units developed by the Utah World of Work Project, designed to integrate career awareness into the regular curriculum at the elementary level. The fifth grade guide is tied to the health education area and focuses on the work of the orthodontist in terms of understanding what an orthodontist does, learning what orthodontic treatment involves, developing a knowledge of dental health in general, and developing awareness of career possibilities in the dental profession. Five lessons including learning activities and resource materials are provided, organized by content and objective, and suggestions are included for additional resources. (SA)

Focusing dental efforts on hard-core and high-risk smokers can decrease smoking prevalence. Challenges to the dental profession include professional legitimacy, dental professional education, defining special populations, and overcoming barriers to access. Opportunities include strategic placement, strategic relations with those serving high-risk populations, and maintaining strategic professional independence. (SM)

A sourcebook for 13 licensed health professions in Missouri is presented for 1980 and 1981. A brief overview of each profession is provided, along with statistical data concerning activity status, personal characteristics, practice characteristics, and place of professional education. The following professions are covered: chiropractors, dental hygienists, dentists, doctors of medicine and osteopathy, registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, optometrists, pharmacists, physical therapists, podiatrists, veterinarians, and psychologists. Information is provided for each profession on the following: activity status (full-time, part-time), arranged by region, county and health service area; age; race; sex; specialty; primary setting of employment; primary form of employment; and place of professional education. (SW)

Dental health education can be an integral part of the school curriculum, even when there are constraints on time and money and a formal health instruction program is lacking. Under these less than ideal circumstances, dental health education may be correlated at all grade levels with instruction in other subjects including, but not limited to, language arts, social studies, mathematics, chemistry, drama, and art. This booklet is designed to serve as a resource for use in planning and conducting such an approach to dental health instruction. Each module includes a behavioral objective, suggested content, one or more learning activities, and suggested resources. The objectives have been stated in ways that facilitate their achievement through learning opportunities in other subject areas. General guidelines regarding appropriate grade levels, host subjects, and time allotment are included. Procedures and criteria for evaluating student progress are not described in detail; however, they are strongly suggested by the wording of the objectives. It should be noted that the instructional modules presented here do not provide for instruction in oral hygiene technique and skills. This resource book is intended primarily for the classroom teacher who might wish to take the initiative in incorporating dental health instruction into an existing curriculum. However, it may also be useful to dental health consultants, either when working directly with students in classroom situations, or when serving as a resource to school personnel. It is hoped that persons who are vitally concerned about the dental health of children and youth will find this resource helpful in their efforts to promote more, and more effective, dental health instruction in the schools. (MM)

This document was prepared to assist those persons or groups seeking data on the participation and availability of women and/or minorities in those professional areas generally requiring formal education to at least the baccalaureate level. More than 100 data sources were used to provide information for this compilation including materials from government agencies, professional associations, and women's and/or minority groups and caucuses. The first five sections of the book--General Enrollments, General Degrees, General Professions, General Workforce, and Academic Workforce--include those tables that do not specify subject fields as well as those where several subject fields are included in the same table. In the section on General Professions, information from individual professions follows tables that include more than one professional field. Tables subdivided by sex are followed by those providing data on minorities. Sections devoted to subject fields also are organized to provide information on women followed by information on minorities. Within these subdivisions, the tables begin with degrees and are followed by enrollments and workforce participation. (KE)

Focusing on health practitioners, this document is one in a series of forty-one reprints from the Occupational Outlook Handbook providing current information and employment projections for individual occupations and industries through 1985. The specific occupations covered in this document include physicians, podiatrists, veterinarians, chiropractors, dentists, optometrists, osteopathic physicians, and pharmacists. The following information is presented for each occupation or occupational area: a code number referenced to the Dictionary of Occupational Titles; a description of the nature of the work; places of employment; training, other qualifications, and advancement; employment outlook; earnings and working conditions; and sources of additional information. In addition to the forty-one reprints covering individual occupations or occupational areas (CE 017 757-797), a companion document (CE 017 756) presents employment projections for the total labor market and discusses the relationship between job prospects and education. (BM)

This teaching unit on the dentist is part of the Health Occupations Career Cluster included in a series of career guidebooks developed by Project CHOICE (Children Have Options in Career Education). The units are designed to provide the classroom teacher with a source of career-related activities linking first and second grade classroom experiences with the world of work. Each unit follows a typical format that includes the unit rationale, goals, performance objectives, entry-level assessment, suggested instructional materials (including books, films, and filmstrips), and instructional strategy. The instructional strategy section contains seventeen lessons designed to help students become more aware of the responsibilities of dentists and those who work for them. Each lesson is comprised of the following sections: purpose, materials, introduction, class activities, and summary activity. Task cards are appended. (This guide is one of fourteen in the series for grades 1 and 2.) (LRA)

Text, illustrations, and exercises are utilized in this set of five learning modules to instruct dental patients and the general public in the fundamental principles of dental hygiene. The first module, "Identify the Responsibilities for Your Oral Health" by Floyd R. Tanner, discusses the respective roles of the dentist and the patient in maintaining oral health. The second module, "Preventing Dental Disease" by Marvin Mansky, details the causes of tooth decay and gum disease and discusses their prevention. The third module, "A Guide to Better Dental Health" by Chris Leo, identifies the parts of the tooth and describes how diet in conjunction with plaque may cause dental disease. The fourth module, "What Is Plaque and How to Remove It" by Karen Harris, examines the composition of plaque and describes how to remove it with the use of a toothbrush and dental floss. The fifth module, "Oral Health during Orthodontic Treatment" by Vian A. Weller, illustrates how to clean the mouth when wearing braces. Each of the illustrated modules describes techniques and procedures, provides sequential reinforcement exercises, and concludes with a post-test and answer key. The modules are designed to be completed in a specified length of time ranging from 15 to 30 minutes. (JP)

The laws, rules and regulations of the New York State Education Department governing dentistry and dental hygiene practice in the state are presented. In addition, the requirements and procedures for obtaining licensure and first registration as a dentist and dental hygienist in New York are discussed. The following chapters are provided: (1) professional regulations in New York State; (2) licensure requirements and application instructions; (3) licensure forms (copies of the forms are provided); (4) education law (article 130, general provisions; and article 133, dentistry and dental hygiene); (5) commissioner's regulations (part 59, general provisions; and part 61, dentistry and dental hygiene); (6) rules of the Board of Regents (part 17, disciplinary proceedings in the professions; part 24, committee on the professions; part 28, determination of good moral character; and part 29, unprofessional conduct--for all professions, health professions, and dentistry and dental hygiene); and (7) listing of accredited professional programs for dentistry and dental hygiene in the United States and Canada. (KM)

This volume outlines the requirements and content of a second-year course in allied health occupations education that is designed to provide students with a practical understanding of the work done by dentists, dental hygienists, dental laboratory technicians, and dental assistants and also to help students acquire some basic dental assistant skills. Addressed in the individual units of the course are the following topics: the nature and scope of the job of the dental assistant, dental anatomy and physiology, dental histology, odontography, dental equipment and care, and laboratory techniques. The first part of the volume sets forth standards pertaining to the primary objective of the course; its content; its target audience, duration, and prerequisites; and course requirements. The bulk of the guide comprises a series of unit outlines in which behavioral objectives are presented together with an implementation plan. Concluding the volume are a list of student lesson assignments, a sample training site plan, and a sample student evaluation checklist. (MN)

This module, consisting of materials for use in conducting a consumer education mini-course, deals with health care and services for consumers. Covered in the individual lessons are the following topics: understanding what is and is not covered by Medicare, assessing the need for private health insurance, purchasing private health insurance, choosing a doctor, choosing a hospital, choosing a dentist, and getting a second opinion when facing surgery. Each lesson contains an outline of the major concepts to be covered in the lesson, suggested activities, a list of instructional materials included in the lesson, a list of pertinent references, test questions, an answer sheet, an information outline, and transparency masters. (MN)

This handbook, developed as a reference guide, contains the texts of laws, rules, and regulations of the New York State Education Department governing dentistry and dental hygiene practice in the state. It also describes licensure requirements and includes complete application forms and instructions for obtaining a license and first registration as either a dentist or a dental hygienist. An introductory section describes the professional regulation system of New York, addressing these topics: professional education, the role of professional boards, minority access to the licensed professions, professional licensing services, professional discipline, and the state assistance program for professionals abusing alcohol or other drugs. The second section contains licensure requirements and application instructions. The third section consists of checklists and application forms for dentistry and for dental hygiene licensure applicants. Subsequent sections contain the texts of: two relevant articles of the education law; commissioner's regulations for curricula and practice; and rules of the Board of Regents concerning disciplinary proceedings, the committee on the professions, determination of good moral character, and unprofessional conduct. Lists of accredited professional programs in dentistry and dental hygiene are also included. (MSE)

Background: Despite the high prevalence of oral dryness and awareness of its complications, there is limited research on the clinical management of patients with oral dryness in general dental care. Purpose: To (1) describe and compare awareness among dental care professionals regarding saliva functions, potential causes and complications of oral dryness, and patient management (2) Investigate if the length of professional experience influences these aspects. Methods: A digital self-administrated survey was sent to 2668 dental care professionals working in the general dental care, Public Dental Service, in Sweden. Twelve dental care professionals reviewed the questionnaire prior to its distribution. The questionnaire comprised 32 questions about patient management, awareness of saliva functions, causes and complications of oral dryness, and self-assessment queries. Results: The response rate was 18.6% (241 dentists and 257 dental hygienists). Older adults (65+) were asked more often about dry mouth (93.0%) compared to those aged 18-23 years (50.0%) and those under 18 years (24.9%). Dental hygienists encountered individuals with oral dryness more frequently (61.1%) than dentists (48.5%) (p < 0.01), and more often asked individuals in the age groups 18-23 years (p = 0.003), 24-40 years (p = 0.045), and 41-65 years (p = 0.031) about dry mouth. A higher proportion of dental hygienists (88.3%) than dentists (51.0%) had measured salivary secretion rate, (p < 0.001) and more often suggested preventive dental care 3-4 times a year, (42.5% vs. 30.5%) (p < 0.007). Dentists had a higher awareness of saliva functions, while dental hygienists had a higher awareness about causes and complications of oral dryness. Higher proportions of dentists and dental hygienists with over 10 years of professional experience had measured salivary secretion rate (69.1% vs. 95.7%) compared to their counterparts with less than 10 years of professional experience (35.9% vs. 79.5%) (p

Dentists are well-positioned to discuss oral health issues related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and recommend the HPV vaccine to their patients, mainly because the HPV virus causes oropharyngeal cancers.. We assessed Los Angeles (LA) County dentists opinions on discussing HPV-related oral health issues and recommending the HPV vaccine to their patients. We tested if opinions differed between dentists whose primary patient population was only adults versus children and adults. We mailed a 19-item survey to 2000 randomly sampled LA County dentists for this cross-sectional study. The primary outcome variable was a summary opinion score of 7 opinion statements. We ran descriptive, bivariate comparisons and adjusted linear regression models. Overall, 261 dentists completed the survey. A majority (58.5%) worried they would lose patients if they recommended the vaccine; 49% thought dentists were not appropriate to educate, counsel, or advise on HPV-related issues; 42% were concerned about the safety of the vaccine; and 40% did not feel comfortable recommending the vaccine. The mean summary opinion score was 21.4 ± 5.4 for the total sample. Regression analysis showed no differences in opinions between dentists whose primary patient population was only adults versus children and adults (Coefficient = 0.146, p = 0.83). Overall, the responding dentists were not very favorable about discussing oral health-related HPV issues and recommending the HPV vaccine to their patients. Additionally, the overall opinions were similar between dentists whose primary patient population was only adults versus children and adults.

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, strict measures of confinement and social distancing were taken. Dentists were considered essential personnel and their activity was restricted to emergency treatment. The present observational study aims to determine the situation of oral implantology practice in Spain during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional observational study based on the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. An electronic survey consisting of three blocks of questions was sent to all members of the Spanish Society of Implants. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. A total of 237 participants (14.3%) responded to the questionnaire. The majority of participants (60.8%) only attended emergencies during the first 9 months of the pandemic. Despite this, 77.2% reported having performed dental implant surgeries and 75.5% indicated that they performed non-essential treatments. The activity was fully recovered by 64.1% of the surveyed dentists. The majority of dentists (90.7%) considered that sufficient/adequate preventive measures were carried out at their workplace, which possibly contributed to the fact that 49.3% were not afraid of becoming infected. This concern was significantly and directly proportionally associated with the age of the surveyed dentists. The oral implant practice was affected to a greater extent during the first 9 months of the pandemic, especially in urban areas, with a greater impact on the workload of professionals with less specialised training in oral implantology., Sociedad Española de Implantes, Depto. de Especialidades Clínicas Odontológicas, Fac. de Odontología, TRUE, pub, Descuento UCM

Among the non-metrical variants of the mandible that have been proven to be a key issue for dental practitioners, the retromolar foramen constitutes one of the most controversial details regarding its prevalence and associated variables. Thus, this study evaluated the prevalence of the retromolar foramen and the variables associated with its presence in a large Spanish collection of human dry mandibles from the nineteenth century. Six hundred Spanish human dry mandibles (1200 sides) belonging to an osteology collection were examined. The presence of teeth, the presence or absence of retromolar foramen, as well as its side, diameter, number, and location were evaluated. Descriptive analysis and analysis of the associations between the variables were performed. The retromolar foramen was observed in 184 mandibles (31%) and was predominantly present unilaterally (60.8%). Most mandibles (54.9%) had a single foramen. The most common location was the retromolar trigone region (84%). On analysis of the association of variables, it was observed a strong association (p < 0.001) between the presence or absence of the foramen and the presence of teeth. Moreover, a significant association was also found between sex vs. presence of teeth (p = 0.033), sex vs. presentation side of the foramen (p = 0.028), sex vs. number of foramina found (p = 0.004), and diameter vs. number of foramina found (p < 0.001). This study reveals that the retromolar foramen showed a high prevalence of 31% in nineteenth century Spaniards and was located primarily in the retromolar trigone, suggesting that dentists should be aware of and consider the relevant findings of this study., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Banco de Santander/Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Depto. de Anatomía y Embriología, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

Background: The aim of this project was to explore how physicians and dentists in Germany evaluate biostatistics/biometry in general as well as their training in it. A further aim was to determine the importance of the subject for the professional practice of physicians and dentists and to gain insights for teaching - during studies at university and beyond.Method: A total of 2,000 physicians and 700 dentists from Schleswig-Holstein in Germany were contacted by mail and asked to participate in an online survey. They were asked to provide information on their perception of the subject of biostatistics/biometry in general, in relation to work and to teaching during their own studies as well as information on sociodemographic data. The evaluation was explorative with representation in cross tables. In addition, the association of predictive variables with the attitude was estimated descriptively in a logistic regression. In order to examine differences between physicians and dentists with regard to the usefulness of biostatistics/biometry for practical work as well as with regard to their own training during their studies, cross tables were constructed and descriptive p-values were determined with the chi2 goodness-of-fit test or Fisher's exact tests.Results: The response rate was 13.67% (356/2,605). The subject was rated as difficult by 58.76% (208/354). 93.48% (330/353) stated that the subject is a necessary skill for a clinician involved in research, and 93.79% (332/354) rated the subject as important for evidence-based medicine. 20.00% (69/345) rated the teaching in biostatistics/biometry during their own studies as still useful today. 65.22% (225/345) expressed that they would like to understand more about the subject.Conclusion: The subject of biostatistics/biometry was rated as important for research, evidence-based medicine and a range of other medical activities, while many physicians and dentists expressed dissatisfaction with their teaching during their stud, Hintergrund: Das Ziel dieser Studie war herauszufinden, wie Human- und Zahnmediziner/-innen in Deutschland, die bereits beruflich tätig sind, die Biostatistik/Biometrie im Allgemeinen und ihre Ausbildung darin bewerten. Ein weiteres Ziel war es, den Stellenwert des Faches für die berufliche Praxis der Human- und Zahnmediziner/-innen zu ermitteln und daraus Erkenntnisse für die Aus- und Weiterbildung zu gewinnen.Methode: Es wurden insgesamt 2.000 Human- und 700 Zahnmedizinern/-innen aus Schleswig-Holstein postalisch kontaktiert und gebeten, an einer Online-Umfrage teilzunehmen. Es sollten Angaben bezüglich der Wahrnehmung zum Fach Biostatistik/Biometrie allgemein, in Bezug auf die Arbeit, zur Lehre im eigenen Human- oder Zahnmedizinstudium sowie zu soziodemografischen Daten gemacht werden. Die Auswertung erfolgte explorativ mit Darstellung in Vierfeldertafeln. Zusätzlich wurde in einer logistischen Regression der Zusammenhang möglicher Einflussfaktoren auf die Einstellung deskriptiv geschätzt. Um Unterschiede zwischen Human- und Zahnmedizinern/-innen im Hinblick auf die Nützlichkeit der Biostatistik/Biometrie für die praktische Arbeit sowie bezüglich der eigenen Ausbildung im Studium zu untersuchen, wurden Vierfeldertafeln erstellt und deskriptive p-Werte über den Chi2-Anpassungstest bzw. exakte Tests nach Fisher bestimmt.Ergebnisse: Der Rücklauf betrug 13,67% (356/2.605). Das Fach Biostatistik/Biometrie wurde von 58,76% (208/354) der Teilnehmenden als schwieriges Fach bewertet. 93,48% (330/353) sagten, das Fach sei eine notwendige Fertigkeit für an der Forschung beteiligte Kliniker/-innen. 93,79% (332/354) der Human- und Zahnmediziner/-innen bewerteten das Fach als wichtigen Bestandteil der evidenzbasierten Medizin. 20,00% (69/345) bewerteten den Biostatistik-/Biometrie-Unterricht von damals auch heute noch als nützlich und 65,22% (225/345) der Teilnehmenden äußerten, gerne mehr von der Thematik verstehen zu wollen.Schlussfolgerung: Die Human- und Zahnmediziner/-inn

Objective. To determine the association between new attitudes and clinical behaviors on COVID-19, according to the demographic characteristics of dentists in Lima. Methods. An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was carriedout with a sample of 206 dentists residing in Lima. The new clinical attitudes and behaviors were evaluated using the instrument validated by Duruk. In addition, other variables were recorded, such as sex, age, main institution and speciality. The chi-square test was used to determine the association of qualitative variables, establishing a significance level of p < 0.05. Results. A large group of the respondents used at least some preventive measure in their patients and received information through offcial websites. Statistically significant associations were found between the new attitudes and clinical behaviors of the dentists and their demographic characteristics. A relationship was found between sex and the use of frequent ventilation in closed environments (p = 0.015) and with changes in patient admission (p = 0.001). Likewise, a relationship was established between the main work institution with the avoidance of procedures with aerosol exposure (p = 0.044) and changes in patient admission (p = 0.001). Conclusions.Correlations were found between new clinical attitudes and behaviors and some demographic characteristics of the surveyed dentists., Objetivo. Determinar la asociación entre las nuevas actitudes y loscomportamientos clínicos sobre la COVID-19, según las característicasdemográfcas de los odontólogos de Lima. Métodos. Se realizó unainvestigación observacional, analítica, de tipo transversal, con una muestra de 206 odontólogos que residen en Lima. Las nuevas actitudes y comportamientosclínicos fueron evaluados mediante el instrumento validado por Duruk.Además, se registraron otras variables, como sexo, edad, principal institucióny especialidad. Para determinar la asociación de las variables cualitativas se empleó la prueba de chi-cuadrado, estableciendo un nivel de significancia de p < 0,05. Resultados. Un gran grupo de los encuestados utilizaban al menos alguna medida preventiva en sus pacientes y recibieron información mediante sitios web de entidades oficiales. Se encontraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre las nuevas actitudes y los comportamientos clínicos de losodontólogos con sus características demográficas. Se encontró una relación entre el sexo y el uso de ventilación frecuente en ambientes cerrados (p = 0,015) y con los cambios en la admisión de pacientes (p = 0,001). Así mismo, se estableció una relación entre la principal institución laboral con la evasión de procedimientos con exposición de aerosoles (p = 0,044) y cambios en laadmisión de pacientes (p = 0,001). Conclusiones. Se encontraron correlaciones entre las nuevas actitudes y comportamientos clínicos y algunas características demográficas de los odontólogos encuestados.

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, strict measures of confinement and social distancing were taken. Dentists were considered essential personnel and their activity was restricted to emergency treatment. The present observational study aims to determine the situation of oral implantology practice in Spain during the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a crosssectional observational study based on the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. An electronic survey consisting of three blocks of questions was sent to all members of the Spanish Society of Implants. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. A total of 237 participants (14.3%) responded to the questionnaire. The majority of participants (60.8%) only attended emergencies during the first 9 months of the pandemic. Despite this, 77.2% reported having performed dental implant surgeries and 75.5% indicated that they performed non-essential treatments. The activity was fully recovered by 64.1% of the surveyed dentists. The majority of dentists (90.7%) considered that sufficient/adequate preventive measures were carried out at their workplace, which possibly contributed to the fact that 49.3% were not afraid of becoming infected. This concern was significantly and directly proportionally associated with the age of the surveyed dentists. The oral implant practice was affected to a greater extent during the first 9 months of the pandemic, especially in urban areas, with a greater impact on the workload of professionals with less specialised training in oral implantology.

Burnout syndrome is a multifactorial occupational phenomenon that can affect various aspects of life, mainly the professional field. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of Burnout Syndrome in dentists working in private dental clinics in the city of Chachapoyas-Peru in the year 2021. A quantitative, observational, prospective and cross-sectional approach was used. The study population was 50 dentists who work in private offices. The measurement instrument was a Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire that uses 22 questions on a Likert scale and is divided into 3 phases or indicators. The results obtained showed that 58% presented a medium level, 32% a high level and 10% a low level of Burnout syndrome. The highest indicator was that of personal fulfillment in 74%, emotional exhaustion in 50% showed a low level, and depersonalization 60% with a low level. It was concluded that the Burnout syndrome in dentists who carry out private practice in the city of Chachapoyas-Peru was medium level, and most dentists consider that their greatest conflict is personal fulfillment, El síndrome de Burnout, es un fenómeno ocupacional multifactorial, que puede afectar diversos aspectos de la vida, principalmente el ámbito profesional. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar el nivel de Síndrome de Burnout en los odontólogos que laboran en clínicas dentales privadas en la ciudad de Chachapoyas-Perú en el año 2021. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, observacional, prospectivo y transversal. La población de estudio fue de 50 odontólogos que trabajan en los consultorios privados. El instrumento de medición fue un cuestionario de Maslach Burnout Inventory que utiliza 22 preguntas en una escala de Likert y se divide en 3 fases o indicadores. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron que el 58% presentó un nivel medio, 32% nivel alto y un 10% nivel bajo de síndrome de Burnout. El indicador más alto fue la de la realización personal en un 74%, el agotamiento emocional en 50% evidenció un nivel bajo, y despersonalización un 60% con nivel bajo. Se concluyó que el síndrome de Burnout en odontólogos que realizan práctica privada en la ciudad de Chachapoyas-Perú fue de nivel medio, y los odontólogos en su mayoría consideran que su mayor conflicto es la realización personal.

Objective: To survey the incidence of family health teams, oral health teams, and dental surgeons in the Northern Macroregion of Minas Gerais from 2008 to 2023. Methods: a quantitative and descriptive study was conducted between March and April 2023. The data used in this work refer to healthcare teams and collaborating professionals and were obtained from the DATASUS platform. The only inclusion criterion considered was the municipality belonging to the Northern Health Macroregion of Minas Gerais, according to the state’s Master Plan. Results: Of the 86 municipalities in the North Macroregion of Minas Gerais evaluated, 63 (73.2%) showed an increase in the number of oral health teams and dental surgeons in 2023 compared with 2008. An exponential increase was observed in the municipalities of Várzea da Palma (733.2%), Fruta de Leite (729.4%), and Francisco Dumont (550.3%). Conclusions: There was an increase in the number of oral health teams and family health teams in all municipalities, demonstrating a satisfactory distribution of dental surgeons in the public sector and concern for the population’s oral health on the part of public authorities., Objetivo: Realizar levantamento sobre a incidência de Equipes de Saúde da Família, Equipes de Saúde Bucal e cirurgiões-dentistas na Macrorregião Norte de Minas Gerais de 2008 a 2021. Métodos: Estudo original, de natureza quantitativa e descritiva, elaborado entre março e abril de 2023. Os dados utilizados no presente trabalho referem-se às equipes de saúde e profissionais colaboradores e foram obtidos na plataforma DATASUS. O único critério de inclusão considerado foi município ser pertencente à Macrorregião de Saúde Norte de Minas Gerais, conforme o Plano Diretor do estado. Resultados: Dos 86 municípios da macrorregião Norte de Minas Gerais avaliados, 63 (73,2%) apresentaram aumento no número de Equipe de Saúde Bucal e de cirurgiões-dentistas em 2023, comparado com 2008. Observou-se um aumento exponencial nos municípios Várzea da Palma (733,2%), Fruta de Leite (729,4%) e Francisco Dumont (550,3%). Conclusões: Houve aumento no número de Equipes de Saúde Bucal e Equipes de Saúde da Família em todos os municípios, demonstrando distribuição satisfatória dos cirurgiões-dentistas no setor público e a preocupação com a saúde bucal da população por parte das autoridades do poder público.

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore how dental practitioners in primary care settings perceive the impact of enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE) upon patient communication and wider clinical practice. Methods: This study utilized a qualitative approach, rooted in critical realism. An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) methodology was adopted as the study method. In accordance with IPA, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. Eight dental practitioners were recruited, with data analysis conducted according to the principles of IPA. Results: Three themes were synthesized (related to communication and clinical practice): (1) Impaired communication and relationship building; (2) Physical impacts and required adjustments when wearing enhanced-PPE; and (3) Psychological stress of implementing enhanced-PPE. Theme one reflects changes to the dynamic of communication between patients and colleagues brought about by enhanced-PPE. Theme two describes the physical and psychological strains of providing care in enhanced-PPE and the ways through which practitioners tried to overcome these challenges. Theme three explores how the roll-out and guidance related to the use of enhanced-PPE affected clinical practice. Conclusions: Dental Practitioners described several barriers to communication as well as physical and mental stressors caused by enhanced-PPE, all of which were perceived to impact upon the quality of care provided to patients. Further research is required to develop effective interventions to mitigate the impact of enhanced-PPE upon clinical practice and to explore the long-term impact of enhanced-PPE on clinical practice, post-COVID.

During the first years of the HIV pandemic, the virus diffusion was responsible for discriminatory behavior from medical and dental care workers towards HIV-infected patients, as described by our research group in 2009. The aim of the current study was to provide an update on the previous data, investigating the presence of discriminatory behaviors, evaluating the level of dentists’ knowledge about the virus and proposing strategies to be implemented to avoid professional exposure and cross-infections. This study was a cross-sectional, online, national survey on dentists, members of the main national dental associations (ANDI and AIO). The questionnaire was divided into four major sections, with the same structure as the questionnaire administered in 2009. The differences between groups were analyzed using the software program IBM SPSS Statistic, version 21.0. A total of 1054 dentists filled out the questionnaire completely. Among them 0.04% revealed a discriminatory attitude towards HIV-infected patients. The univariate analysis showed that discrimination towards HIV + patients was statistically associated with personal experiences and the level of fear associated with treating them (p = 0.001) and with the type of dental treatments performed (p = 0.01). This cross-sectional study revealed the persistence of dentists who still discriminate against HIV + patients, and the percentage of these dentists was only slightly lower than that in the previous survey (4.3% in the present survey vs. 4.5%). The survey also depicted other information worthy of consideration, such as a perceived ability to detect HIV + patients based on their appearance, complaints about not having received adequate training for treating HIV + individuals, and a lack of scientific knowledge about the virus. From the evidence reported by the present survey, it can be argued that universities, professional boards, and training institutions must increase their efforts in spreading correct knowledge a

According to Eleanor Roosevelt, “memoirs are only useful as the lives you read about and analyse may suggest to you something that you may find useful in your own journey through life.” I am therefore glad to state that I see myself quite relevant to Nigeria’s quest for greatness, particularly in the health sector. This belief fueled my resolve to scale the hurdles every step of the way with the help of God. I thank the leadership of the Nigerian Dental Association (NDA) for the honour of sharing my story with my colleagues on this platform. There is a generational and professional hand-holding gesture that I presume the NDA would like to crystalize by requesting I pen down this memoir. It is indeed a reminiscence of my days of persuasion to preparation and to the stepwise progression towards making valuable contributions to policy making in the Nigerian health sector.

[eng] Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of case-specific nano-ceramic resin composite posts produced using the CAD-CAM system on the fracture resistance of immature teeth, in comparison with that of fiber posts. Materials-methods: Three groups, each consisting of 20 immature teeth, were included in our study (Group 1: AH Plus paste + gutta-percha. Group 2: Glass fiber post. Group 3: Nano-ceramic resin composite post). Cylindrical assemblies were placed in the Universal test device with the force applied at a speed of 1mm/min at an angle of 45° from the palatal of the sample, and the load at the time of fracture was recorded in Newtons. Then the breaking resistances were noted and analyzed in SPSS v21.0 program. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The difference between the groups was tested with the ANOVA test. Accordingly, a significant difference was found between the groups in breaking strengths (p<0.001). The post-hoc test was performed to analyze which groups these significant results originated from according to the results of the ANOVA test. According to this; The fracture resistance in the second treatment group was 513.04 (95% CI: -682.55 to -343.52) units more resistant than the control group (group 1), and the difference was significant (p<0.001). The fracture resistance in the third treatment group was 620.34 (95% CI: -857.39 to -383.28) units more resistant than the control group (group 1), and the difference was significant (p<0.001). There was a difference between the second group and the third group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: Within the constraints of this study, it can be concluded that when compared to a conventional root canal filling using AH plus and gutta-percha, both glass fiber and nano-ceramic resin composite posts were capable of exerting a reinforcing effect on simulated immature teeth. When dealing with immature teeth, the clini, [spa] Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es investigar los efectos de los postes de composite de resina nanocerámica específicos para cada caso, producidos mediante el sistema CAD-CAM, sobre la resistencia a la fractura de dientes inmaduros, en comparación con la de los postes de fibra. Materiales y métodos: En nuestro estudio se incluyeron tres grupos, cada uno de ellos compuesto por 20 dientes inmaduros (Grupo 1: Pasta AH Plus + gutapercha. Grupo 2: Poste de fibra de vidrio. Grupo 3: Poste de composite de resina nanocerámica). Los conjuntos cilíndricos se colocaron en el dispositivo de prueba universal con la fuerza aplicada a una velocidad de 1 mm/min en un ángulo de 45° desde el paladar de la muestra, y la carga en el momento de la fractura se registró en Newtons. A continuación se anotaron las resistencias a la rotura y se analizaron en el programa SPSS v21.0. P<0,05 se consideró estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: La diferencia entre los grupos se comprobó con la prueba ANOVA. En consecuencia, se encontró una diferencia significativa entre los grupos en las resistencias a la rotura (p<0,001). Se realizó la prueba post-hoc para analizar de qué grupos procedían estos resultados significativos según los resultados de la prueba ANOVA. Según esto; La resistencia a la fractura en el segundo grupo de tratamiento fue 513,04 (IC 95%: -682,55 a -343,52) unidades más resistente que el grupo de control (grupo 1), y la diferencia fue significativa (p<0,001). La resistencia a la fractura en el tercer grupo de tratamiento fue 620,34 (IC del 95%: -857,39 a -383,28) unidades más resistente que el grupo de control (grupo 1), y la diferencia fue significativa (p<0,001). Hubo una diferencia entre el segundo grupo y el tercero, pero esta diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (p>0,05). Conclusiones: Dentro de las limitaciones de este estudio, se puede concluir que, en comparación con una obturación convencional del conducto radicular mediante AH plus

ObjectivesIncreasing dentists' visibility in the media to make the case for sugary beverage taxes can help advance public policy that improves oral health outcomes. We assessed California dentists' media engagement behaviors related to sugar restriction policies for dental caries prevention and correlates of engaging in such behavior.MethodsSurvey items related to sugar policies and media engagement were embedded in an electronically distributed statewide survey of dentists' tobacco cessation counseling behaviors. Descriptive statistics were calculated for respondent characteristics, perceived professional responsibility to discuss selected topics with patients, and attitudes and behaviors related to sugar restriction policy and media communication. Multivariable models identified independent correlates of media engagement.ResultsOf 624 respondents, most had never talked to traditional media (78%) or posted to social media (64%) about sugar or sugar policies for dental caries prevention. Respondents with the highest level of media engagement were more likely to agree that sugary beverage taxes are effective at reducing dental caries, that they had support from dental professional organizations to talk to the media, that it is realistic for patients to reduce their sugar consumption, and that sugar and sugary drinks are extremely harmful to health.ConclusionsEfforts to increase dentists' media engagement related to sugar restriction policies for dental caries prevention should address dentists' negative attitudes toward the effectiveness of sugar restriction policies and may require increased support from dental professional societies.Knowledge transfer statementStudy findings identify dentists' low engagement in media advocacy to support sugar restriction policy adoption. The results identify correlates of media engagement and of dentists' willingness and confidence to act, which could serve to inform interventions to support and enhance engagement.

BackgroundHuman Papillomavirus associated oropharyngeal cancers have been on the rise in the past three decades. Dentists are uniquely positioned to discuss vaccination programs with their patients. The goal of this project was to assess the readiness of dentists in the state of Indiana in being able to administer vaccines.MethodsAn 18-question online survey was sent to licensed dentists in the state of Indiana. Mantel-Haenszel chi-square tests, followed by multivariable analyses using ordinal logistic regression were conducted to assess providers' comfort levels and willingness to administer vaccines in both children and adults, by provider characteristics (practice type, location, and years in practice).ResultsA total of 569 completed surveys were included for data analyses. Most dentists (58%) responded positively when asked if they would consider offering vaccinations in their office, if allowed by state legislation. In general, dentists working in academic settings and federally qualified health centers were more agreeable to offering vaccination in their practice. The level of agreement with "Dentists should be allowed to administer HPV, Influenza, Hep A and COVID 19 vaccines" for both children and adults decreased with increased years of practice. More than half of the respondents (55%) agreed that dental providers were competent to administer vaccines and needed no further training.ConclusionThe study results suggest the willingness of dentists in the state of Indiana to offer vaccinations in their practices, if allowed by legislation.Practical implicationsDental providers can be a unique resource to add to workforce for improving vaccination efforts.

BackgroundWith many states in the United States permitting dentists to administer the COVID-19 vaccine, there is much discussion about their scope of practice in relation to delivering other vaccines.MethodsSurvey questions were developed to assess dentists' awareness about their vaccine administration scope of practice and attitudes and barriers if choosing to incorporate vaccine delivery into their practice scope. The survey was deployed electronically to members of the American Dental Association Clinical Evaluators (ACE) Panel (N = 989) on September 2, 2021, and remained open for 2 weeks. Data were summarized descriptively in Qualtrics and SAS Version 9.4.ResultsOf the 330 ACE Panel members who responded to the survey, 42% were not aware of which vaccines their state permits them to deliver. More than one-half (55%) would be willing to administer influenza or COVID-19 vaccines in their practice setting, but at present only 2% of respondents administer vaccines. To overcome vaccine administration barriers, the top 3 resources respondents want access to are the following: training or education, financial support, and access to protocols. Of all the respondents, 91% indicated the dental hygienist should be involved in certain capacities.ConclusionsFew dentists are administering vaccines, possibly owing to a number of challenges. Dental hygienists may play an integral role in the administration of vaccines in the dental clinic, but few dentists are educating their patients about vaccines.Practical implicationsAlthough dentists wishing to administer vaccines in their practice may encounter barriers, support at the state, federal, and organizational levels could help them overcome these challenges.

Dentists have a high risk of contracting COVID-19, they needed to be aware of the major challenge that represents the dental practice and COVID-19. Accordingly, this study aimed: 1) to investigate the knowledge of dentists regarding COVID-19, 2) to investigate the attitudes of dentists concerning the use of personal protective equipment and, 3) to investigate the attitudes of dentists on stopping their dental practices in the framework of a contingency plan for the COVID-19 outbreak. An online cross-sectional survey was applied to dentists (n=822). Dentists in Mexico answered the survey, which was administered before the contingency plan for the COVID-19 outbreak. Results were analyzed with descriptive statistics and with a Chi-square test (P≤0.05). Of the respondents, 99% of dentists indicated knowing what COVID-19 is, knowing most, but not all, of its signs and symptoms and knowing its mode of transmission. The 89% of dentists indicated that they always used personal protective equipment. But they did not use always wear face masks, protective eyewear, face shields, disposable gowns, and caps. Dentists were aware of the risk of performing dental procedures during the COVID-19 outbreak. The 90% of dentists indicated that they would treat only patients requiring emergency treatment, and 10% indicated that they would not treat any patients. The dentists had limited knowledge about the COVID-19 disease. They did not use personal protective equipment consistently, and they indicated that they might continue working during the COVID-19 outbreak., Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, los dentistas han tenido un alto riesgo de contraer COVID-19. Los dentistas mexicanos tuvieron la necesidad de enfrentarse a la COVID-19 en la práctica dental con un posible conocimiento limitado sobre la enfermedad. De acuerdo con esa problemática, los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1) investigar el conocimiento de los dentistas sobre la COVID-19, 2) investigar las actitudes de los dentistas sobre el uso de equipo de protección personal, 3) investigar las actitudes de los dentistas para detener la práctica laboral frente a la pandemia. Una encuesta fue aplicada a dentistas mexicanos en el inicio de la contingencia por COVID-19 (n=822). Se analizaron los resultados de con una prueba de Chi cuadrada (P≤0.05). El 99% de los participantes conocieron qué es la COVID-19, pero no todos los signos y síntomas de la enfermedad ni los modos de transmisión. El 89% de los dentistas indicaron que siempre usan equipo de protección personal. Pero no usan siempre careta, lentes de protección, cubreboca, guantes deshechables y gorro. Los participantes tenían conocimiento del riesgo de contraer COVID-19. El 90% indicó que sólo atenderían urgencias dentales y el resto indicó que no atendería pacientes. Los dentistas tuvieron un conocimiento limitado sobre la COVID-19. No usaron equipo de protección personal de forma consistente. Además indicaron que estarían dispuestos a seguir trabajando durante la pandemia.

Introduction: Worldwide, burnout syndrome is becoming increasingly frequent among dentists, so it is necessary to identify its possible causes. Objective: To describe the prevalence of burnout syndrome and the factors associated with its development among dentists working in hospitals of the Ministry of Health (MINSA) in the Lima Metropolitan Area, Peru. Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study carried out between December 2019 and January 2020 in 105 dentists working in the 11 MINSA hospitals in the Lima Metropolitan Area. The Maslach Burnout Inventory instrument was used to measure burnout. Factors such as sex, age, marital status, type of shift, years of experience as a dentist, whether they performed any other dentistry-related work activity, and hours of physical activity and leisure per day were evaluated. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were obtained to analyze the association between the presence of the syndrome and the factors. Results: The prevalence of burnout syndrome was 28.57%. Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment levels were high in 90.47%, 98.09% and 35.23% of the participants, respectively. The presence of the syndrome was 47% lower in women (aPR=0.53, p=0.044) compared to men, and 70% lower in those who reported having worked as dentists between 11 and 20 years (aPR=0.30, p=0.017), compared to those with less than 11 years of work experience as dentists. Conclusions: Almost one third of the participants had burnout syndrome. In addition, the majority of dentists showed high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Being a woman and having 11 to 20 years of work experience as dentists were protective factors for burnout syndrome., Introducción. En el mundo, el síndrome de burnout es cada vez más frecuente en odontólogos, por lo que es necesario identificar sus posibles causas. Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout y los factores asociados a su desarrollo en odontólogos que trabajan en hospitales del Ministerio de Salud (MINSA) de Lima Metropolitana, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal analítico realizado entre diciembre de 2019 y enero de 2020 en 105 odontólogos de los 11 hospitales del MINSA de Lima Metropolitana. Se usó el instrumento Maslach Burnout Inventory para medir el burnout. Se evaluaron factores como sexo, edad, estado civil, tipo de jornada laboral, años de ejercicio laboral, si realizaba otra actividad laboral relacionada y horas diarias de ejercicio físico y de ocio. Se obtuvieron razones de prevalencia (RP) crudas (c) y ajustadas (a) para analizar la asociación entre presencia del síndrome y los factores. Resultados. La prevalencia del síndrome de burnout fue de 28.57%. Los niveles de agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización personal fueron altos en 90.47%, 98.09% y 35.23% de los participantes, respectivamente. La presencia del síndrome fue 47.00% menor en las mujeres (RPa=0.53, p=0.044) en comparación con los hombres, y 70.00% menor en quienes reportaron tener entre 11 y 20 años de ejercicio laboral (RPa=0.30, p=0.017), comparado con aquellos con menos de 11 años de experiencia laboral. Conclusiones. Casi un tercio de los participantes tuvieron síndrome de burnout; además, la mayoría de los odontólogos presentó altos niveles de agotamiento emocional y despersonalización. Ser mujer y tener entre 11 y 20 años de ejercicio laboral se comportaron como factores protectores.

Objective: To estimate the ergonomic risks in dentists of the Promedent Medical Center. Methods: Descriptive, observational study. Results: 10% of the workers were forced to stop their work for more than one month due to neck, right shoulder, back lumbar and right wrist pains. While 50% never stop their work due to body pain, and only 40% stop their work between 1 and 7 hours. Conclusion: The most frequent areas of discomfort are the neck, back, shoulder and right wrist. In addition, as indicated by the RULA method, most of the population has a High Risk Level 3, so the study should be extended for an adequate treatment or accompaniment for such discomfort., Objetivo: Estimar los riesgos ergonómicos en odontólogos del Centro Médico Promedent. Método: De tipo descriptivo, observacional. Resultados: Un 10% de los trabajadores se ven obligados a impedir sus laborales por más de un mes, por dolencias en el cuello, hombro derecho, dorso lumbar y muñeca derecha. Mientras que un 50% nunca detienen sus labores debido a algún dolor corporal, y solamente el 40% paran sus labores entre 1 y 7 horas. Conclusión: Las zonas donde más frecuentes son las molestias son el cuello, espalda, hombro y muñeca derecha. Además, como indica el método RULA, la mayoría de la población presentan un riesgo Alto Nivel 3 por lo que se debe ampliar el estudio para un tratamiento o acompañamiento adecuado para dichas molestias.

Objective: To describe pediatric dentists’ perceptions regarding dental biosafety in times of COVID-19 in Lima, 2020.Materials and methods: A qualitative, phenomenological and content-analysis study. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 pediatric dentists through the Zoom videoconferencing platform, following the guidelines described in a guide and after obtaining the pertinent virtual informed consent. ATLAS.ti software version 8.4 was used for data analysis, where all the verbatim files of each interview were uploaded.Results: Pediatric dentists perceived themselves to be professionally empowered with knowledge about biosafety measures. Moreover, they highlighted the mastery of various techniques such as mouthwash, use of personal protective equipment, control of aerosols, social distancing between patients and disinfection of environments, which are essential for patient safety. They also reported that biosafety regulations are somewhat confusing, unclear, and lack a pediatric approach. Conclusions: Pediatric dentists are strategic human resources for healthcare because they gained biosafety knowledge as part of their professional education and received training on new biosafety regulations in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to standardize the criteria and approaches in the model of care for pediatric dentistry and guarantee the conditions for the sustainability of this professional practice., Objetivo: Describir las percepciones de los odontopediatras con respecto a la bioseguridad para la atención odontológica en tiempos de COVID-19 en Lima, 2020. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo, de método fenomenológico y de análisis de contenidos. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas a profundidad a 18 odontopediatras, siguiendo las pautas descritas en una guía, a través de la plataforma de videoconferencias Zoom, luego de la aceptación virtual del respectivo consentimiento informado.Se empleó el software Atlas.ti versión 8.4 para el análisis de los datos, donde se cargaron todos los archivos transcritostextualmente de cada entrevista.Resultados: Los odontopediatras perciben estar empoderados profesionalmente de los conocimientos sobre medidas de bioseguridad y destacan el dominio de diversas técnicas como enjuague bucal, uso de equipos de protección personal, control de aerosoles, distancia entre pacientes y desinfección de ambientes, relevantes para la seguridad del paciente. Asímismo, refieren que las normas de bioseguridad son algo confusas, poco claras y carecen de enfoque pediátrico.Conclusiones: Los odontopediatras constituyen recursos humanos en salud estratégicos por tener un bagaje de conocimientos de bioseguridad como parte de su preparación profesional, además de recibir capacitación sobre las nuevas normativas de bioseguridad en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19. Es importante estandarizar criterios y enfoques en el modelo de atención de odontopediatría y garantizar las condiciones para la sostenibilidad de esta práctica profesional.

Aim: To determine the frequency of signs and/or symptoms compatible with COVID-19 in Paraguayan dentists, as well as the possible source of contagion.Material and Methods: Online survey consisting of 13 questions, applied to all dentists in Paraguay from January 20 to February 15, 2021.Results: A total of 433 dentists participated in the survey; 47.5% displayed symptoms compatible with COVID-19 and 13.39% indicated that they had contracted the disease, providing confirmation via a positive test result. Headache, loss of smell, loss of taste, cough, and fatigue were the most prevalent symptoms among COVID-19 positive cases. The main source of contagion was the family nucleus. Only one participant reported having contracted the disease while providing dental care.Conclusion: Almost half of the dentists displayed symptoms compatible with COVID-19. Only 13.39% tested positive for COVID-19. Only one case of contagion was reported to have happened during the provision of dental care., Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la actividad eléctrica de los músculos superficiales de la masticación, necesarios para ejercer la máxima fuerza de mordida unilateral, en sujetos con diferente índice de masa corporal.Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal con una muestra de 13 participantes con una edad promedio de 22.9 ± 3.5 años, quienes fueron clasificados de acuerdo a su índice de masa corporal, formando tres grupos de estudio: peso normal (18,5-24,9), sobrepeso (25,0-29,9) y obesidad (≥30.0), con siete participantes cada uno. La electromiografía de superficie evaluó los músculos superficiales de la masticación durante la fuerza de mordida máxima derecha e izquierda.Resultados: No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la fuerza de mordida máxima entre los grupos de estudio. Los datos obtenidos del análisis electromiográfico de los músculos superficiales de la masticación demuestran una tendencia que indica que los sujetos con un índice de masa corporal normal activan de manera similar los músculos de cada lado cuando ejercen la fuerza de mordida máxima en un lado en particular. mientras que los sujetos con sobrepeso u obesos demostraron una activación significativamente mayor del músculo temporal asociado con el lado donde se realiza la fuerza máxima de mordida.Conclusión: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la fuerza de mordida máxima no está influenciada por el índice de masa corporal y que durante la realización de una fuerza de mordida máxima los sujetos con índice de masa corporal aumentado presentan una mayor activación del músculo temporal asociado al lado donde se realizó la fuerza de mordida máxima.