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1. The bearing capacity of asteroid (65803) Didymos estimated from boulder tracks

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Bigot, Jeanne, Lombardo, Pauline, Murdoch, Naomi, Scheeres, Daniel J., Vivet, Damien, Zhang, Yun, Sunshine, Jessica M., Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Barnouin, Olivier, Ernst, Carolyn, Daly, R. Terik, Sunday, Cecily, Michel, Patrick, Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Lucchetti, Alice, Pajola, Maurizio, Rivkin, Andy, Chabot, Nancy, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Bigot, Jeanne, Lombardo, Pauline, Murdoch, Naomi, Scheeres, Daniel J., Vivet, Damien, Zhang, Yun, Sunshine, Jessica M., Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Barnouin, Olivier, Ernst, Carolyn, Daly, R. Terik, Sunday, Cecily, Michel, Patrick, Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Lucchetti, Alice, Pajola, Maurizio, Rivkin, Andy, and Chabot, Nancy
Abstract: The bearing capacity - the ability of a surface to support applied loads - is an important parameter for understanding and predicting the response of a surface. Previous work has inferred the bearing capacity and trafficability of specific regions of the Moon using orbital imagery and measurements of the boulder tracks visible on its surface. Here, we estimate the bearing capacity of the surface of an asteroid for the first time using DART/DRACO images of suspected boulder tracks on the surface of asteroid (65803) Didymos. Given the extremely low surface gravity environment, special attention is paid to the underlying assumptions of the geotechnical approach. The detailed analysis of the boulder tracks indicates that the boulders move from high to low gravitational potential, and provides constraints on whether the boulders may have ended their surface motion by entering a ballistic phase. From the 9 tracks identified with sufficient resolution to estimate their dimensions, we find an average boulder track width and length of 8.9 1.5 m and 51.6 13.3 m, respectively. From the track widths, the mean bearing capacity of Didymos is estimated to be 70 N/m2, implying that every 1 m2 of Didymos’ surface at the track location can support only ~70 N of force before experiencing general shear failure. This value is at least 3 orders of magnitude less than the bearing capacity of dry sand on Earth, or lunar regolith.
Published: 2024

2. Fast boulder fracturing by thermal fatigue detected on stony asteroids

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Lucchetti, Alice, Cambioni, Saverio, Nakano, Ryota, Barnouin, Olivier, Pajola, Maurizio, Penasa, L., Tusberti, Filippo, Ramesh, K. T., Dotto, Elisabetta, Ernst, Carolyn, Daly, R. Terik, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Parro, Laura M., Poggiali, Giovanni, Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Ballouz, Ronald-Louis, Chabot, Nancy, Michel, Patrick, Murdoch, Naomi, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Karatekin, Ozgür, Rivkin, Andy, Sunshine, Jessica M., Kohout, Tomas, Deshapriya, J. D. Prasanna, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Ieva, Simone, Beccarelli, Joel, Ivanovski, Stavro, Rossi, Alessandro, Ferrari, Fabio, Rossi, C., Raducan, Sabina D., Steckloff, Jordan, Schwartz, Stephen R., Brucato, John Robert, Dall’Ora, Massimo, Zinzi, Angelo, Cheng, Andy F., Amoroso, Marilena, Bertini, Ivano, Capannolo, Andrea, Caporali, S., Ceresoli, M., Cremonese, Gabriele, Della Corte, Vincenzo, Gai, Igor, Gomez Casajus, L., Gramigna, E., Impresario, Gabriele, Lasagni Manghi, R., Lavagna, Michèle, Lombardo, M., Modenini, Dario, Palumbo, Pasquale, Perna, Davide, Pirrotta, Simone, Tortora, Paolo, Zannoni, Marco, Zanotti, Giovanni, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Lucchetti, Alice, Cambioni, Saverio, Nakano, Ryota, Barnouin, Olivier, Pajola, Maurizio, Penasa, L., Tusberti, Filippo, Ramesh, K. T., Dotto, Elisabetta, Ernst, Carolyn, Daly, R. Terik, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Parro, Laura M., Poggiali, Giovanni, Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Ballouz, Ronald-Louis, Chabot, Nancy, Michel, Patrick, Murdoch, Naomi, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Karatekin, Ozgür, Rivkin, Andy, Sunshine, Jessica M., Kohout, Tomas, Deshapriya, J. D. Prasanna, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Ieva, Simone, Beccarelli, Joel, Ivanovski, Stavro, Rossi, Alessandro, Ferrari, Fabio, Rossi, C., Raducan, Sabina D., Steckloff, Jordan, Schwartz, Stephen R., Brucato, John Robert, Dall’Ora, Massimo, Zinzi, Angelo, Cheng, Andy F., Amoroso, Marilena, Bertini, Ivano, Capannolo, Andrea, Caporali, S., Ceresoli, M., Cremonese, Gabriele, Della Corte, Vincenzo, Gai, Igor, Gomez Casajus, L., Gramigna, E., Impresario, Gabriele, Lasagni Manghi, R., Lavagna, Michèle, Lombardo, M., Modenini, Dario, Palumbo, Pasquale, Perna, Davide, Pirrotta, Simone, Tortora, Paolo, Zannoni, Marco, and Zanotti, Giovanni
Abstract: Spacecraft observations revealed that rocks on carbonaceous asteroids, which constitute the most numerous class by composition, can develop millimeter-to-meter-scale fractures due to thermal stresses. However, signatures of this process on the second-most populous group of asteroids, the S-complex, have been poorly constrained. Here, we report observations of boulders’ fractures on Dimorphos, which is the moonlet of the S-complex asteroid (65803) Didymos, the target of NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) planetary defense mission. We show that the size-frequency distribution and orientation of the mapped fractures are consistent with formation through thermal fatigue. The fractures’ preferential orientation supports that these have originated in situ on Dimorphos boulders and not on Didymos boulders later transferred to Dimorphos. Based on our model of the fracture propagation, we propose that thermal fatigue on rocks exposed on the surface of S-type asteroids can form shallow, horizontally propagating fractures in much shorter timescales (100 kyr) than in the direction normal to the boulder surface (order of Myrs). The presence of boulder fields affected by thermal fracturing on near-Earth asteroid surfaces may contribute to an enhancement in the ejected mass and momentum from kinetic impactors when deflecting asteroids.
Published: 2024

3. Evidence for multi-fragmentation and mass shedding of boulders on rubble-pile binary asteroid system (65803) Didymos

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Pajola, Maurizio, Tusberti, Filippo, Lucchetti, Alice, Barnouin, Olivier, Cambioni, Saverio, Ernst, Carolyn, Dotto, Elisabetta, Daly, R. Terik, Poggiali, Giovanni, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Nakano, Ryota, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, Chabot, Nancy, Della Corte, Vincenzo, Rivkin, Andy, Agrusa, Harrison F., Zhang, Yun, Penasa, L., Ballouz, Ronald-Louis, Ivanovski, Stavro, Murdoch, Naomi, Rossi, Alessandro, Robin, Colas Q., Ieva, Simone, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Ferrari, Fabio, Raducan, Sabina D., Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Parro, Laura M., Benavídez, Paula Gabriela, Tancredi, Gonzalo, Karatekin, Ozgür, Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., Sunshine, Jessica M., Farnham, Tony, Asphaug, Erik, Deshapriya, J. D. Prasanna, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Beccarelli, Joel, Schwartz, Stephen R., Abell, Paul, Michel, Patrick, Cheng, Andy F., Brucato, John Robert, Zinzi, Angelo, Amoroso, Marilena, Pirrotta, Simone, Impresario, Gabriele, Bertini, Ivano, Capannolo, Andrea, Caporali, S., Ceresoli, M., Cremonese, Gabriele, Dall’Ora, Massimo, Gai, Igor, Gomez Casajus, L., Gramigna, E., Lasagni Manghi, R., Lavagna, Michèle, Lombardo, M., Modenini, Dario, Palumbo, Pasquale, Perna, Davide, Tortora, Paolo, Zannoni, Marco, Zanotti, Giovanni, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Pajola, Maurizio, Tusberti, Filippo, Lucchetti, Alice, Barnouin, Olivier, Cambioni, Saverio, Ernst, Carolyn, Dotto, Elisabetta, Daly, R. Terik, Poggiali, Giovanni, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Nakano, Ryota, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, Chabot, Nancy, Della Corte, Vincenzo, Rivkin, Andy, Agrusa, Harrison F., Zhang, Yun, Penasa, L., Ballouz, Ronald-Louis, Ivanovski, Stavro, Murdoch, Naomi, Rossi, Alessandro, Robin, Colas Q., Ieva, Simone, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Ferrari, Fabio, Raducan, Sabina D., Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Parro, Laura M., Benavídez, Paula Gabriela, Tancredi, Gonzalo, Karatekin, Ozgür, Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., Sunshine, Jessica M., Farnham, Tony, Asphaug, Erik, Deshapriya, J. D. Prasanna, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Beccarelli, Joel, Schwartz, Stephen R., Abell, Paul, Michel, Patrick, Cheng, Andy F., Brucato, John Robert, Zinzi, Angelo, Amoroso, Marilena, Pirrotta, Simone, Impresario, Gabriele, Bertini, Ivano, Capannolo, Andrea, Caporali, S., Ceresoli, M., Cremonese, Gabriele, Dall’Ora, Massimo, Gai, Igor, Gomez Casajus, L., Gramigna, E., Lasagni Manghi, R., Lavagna, Michèle, Lombardo, M., Modenini, Dario, Palumbo, Pasquale, Perna, Davide, Tortora, Paolo, Zannoni, Marco, and Zanotti, Giovanni
Abstract: Asteroids smaller than 10 km are thought to be rubble piles formed from the reaccumulation of fragments produced in the catastrophic disruption of parent bodies. Ground-based observations reveal that some of these asteroids are today binary systems, in which a smaller secondary orbits a larger primary asteroid. However, how these asteroids became binary systems remains unclear. Here, we report the analysis of boulders on the surface of the stony asteroid (65803) Didymos and its moonlet, Dimorphos, from data collected by the NASA DART mission. The size-frequency distribution of boulders larger than 5 m on Dimorphos and larger than 22.8 m on Didymos confirms that both asteroids are piles of fragments produced in the catastrophic disruption of their progenitors. Dimorphos boulders smaller than 5 m have size best-fit by a Weibull distribution, which we attribute to a multi-phase fragmentation process either occurring during coalescence or during surface evolution. The density per km2 of Dimorphos boulders ≥1 m is 2.3x with respect to the one obtained for (101955) Bennu, while it is 3.0x with respect to (162173) Ryugu. Such values increase once Dimorphos boulders ≥5 m are compared with Bennu (3.5x), Ryugu (3.9x) and (25143) Itokawa (5.1x). This is of interest in the context of asteroid studies because it means that contrarily to the single bodies visited so far, binary systems might be affected by subsequential fragmentation processes that largely increase their block density per km2. Direct comparison between the surface distribution and shapes of the boulders on Didymos and Dimorphos suggest that the latter inherited its material from the former. This finding supports the hypothesis that some asteroid binary systems form through the spin up and mass shedding of a fraction of the primary asteroid.
Published: 2024

4. The geology and evolution of the Near-Earth binary asteroid system (65803) Didymos

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Barnouin, Olivier, Ballouz, Ronald-Louis, Marchi, Simone, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Agrusa, Harrison F., Zhang, Yun, Ernst, Carolyn, Pajola, Maurizio, Tusberti, Filippo, Lucchetti, Alice, Daly, R. Terik, Palmer, Eric E., Walsh, Kevin J., Michel, Patrick, Sunshine, Jessica M., Rizos, Juan L., Farnham, Tony, Richardson, Derek C., Parro, Laura M., Murdoch, Naomi, Robin, Colas Q., Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Kahout, Tomas, Asphaug, Erik, Raducan, Sabina D., Jutzi, Martin, Ferrari, Fabio, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Chabot, Nancy, Li, Jian-Yang, Cheng, Andy F., Nolan, Michael C., Stickle, Angela M., Karatekin, Ozgür, Dotto, Elisabetta, Della Corte, Vincenzo, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, Rossi, Alessandro, Gai, Igor, Deshapriya, J. D. Prasanna, Bertini, Ivano, Zinzi, Angelo, Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., Beccarelli, Joel, Ivanovski, Stavro, Brucato, John Robert, Poggiali, Giovanni, Zanotti, Giovanni, Amoroso, Marilena, Capannolo, Andrea, Cremonese, Gabriele, Dall’Ora, Massimo, Ieva, Simone, Impresario, Gabriele, Lavagna, Michèle, Modenini, Dario, Palumbo, Pasquale, Perna, Davide, Pirrotta, Simone, Tortora, Paolo, Zannoni, Marco, Rivkin, Andy, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Barnouin, Olivier, Ballouz, Ronald-Louis, Marchi, Simone, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Agrusa, Harrison F., Zhang, Yun, Ernst, Carolyn, Pajola, Maurizio, Tusberti, Filippo, Lucchetti, Alice, Daly, R. Terik, Palmer, Eric E., Walsh, Kevin J., Michel, Patrick, Sunshine, Jessica M., Rizos, Juan L., Farnham, Tony, Richardson, Derek C., Parro, Laura M., Murdoch, Naomi, Robin, Colas Q., Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Kahout, Tomas, Asphaug, Erik, Raducan, Sabina D., Jutzi, Martin, Ferrari, Fabio, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Chabot, Nancy, Li, Jian-Yang, Cheng, Andy F., Nolan, Michael C., Stickle, Angela M., Karatekin, Ozgür, Dotto, Elisabetta, Della Corte, Vincenzo, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, Rossi, Alessandro, Gai, Igor, Deshapriya, J. D. Prasanna, Bertini, Ivano, Zinzi, Angelo, Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., Beccarelli, Joel, Ivanovski, Stavro, Brucato, John Robert, Poggiali, Giovanni, Zanotti, Giovanni, Amoroso, Marilena, Capannolo, Andrea, Cremonese, Gabriele, Dall’Ora, Massimo, Ieva, Simone, Impresario, Gabriele, Lavagna, Michèle, Modenini, Dario, Palumbo, Pasquale, Perna, Davide, Pirrotta, Simone, Tortora, Paolo, Zannoni, Marco, and Rivkin, Andy
Abstract: Images collected during NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission provide the first resolved views of the Didymos binary asteroid system. These images reveal that the primary asteroid, Didymos, is flattened and has plausible undulations along its equatorial perimeter. At high elevations, its surface is rough and contains large boulders and craters; at low elevations its surface is smooth and possesses fewer large boulders and craters. Didymos’ moon, Dimorphos, possesses an intimate mixture of boulders, several asteroid-wide lineaments, and a handful of craters. The surfaces of both asteroids include boulders that are large relative to their host body, suggesting that both asteroids are rubble piles. Based on these observations, our models indicate that Didymos has a surface cohesion ≤ 1 Pa and an interior cohesion of ∼10 Pa, while Dimorphos has a surface cohesion of <0.9 Pa. Crater size-frequency analyzes indicate the surface age of Didymos is 40–130 times older than Dimorphos, with likely absolute ages of ∼ 12.5 Myr and <0.3 Myr, respectively. Solar radiation could have increased Didymos’ spin rate leading to internal deformation and surface mass shedding, which likely created Dimorphos.
Published: 2024

5. Mechanical properties of rubble pile asteroids (Dimorphos, Itokawa, Ryugu, and Bennu) through surface boulder morphological analysis

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Robin, Colas Q., Duchene, Alexia, Murdoch, Naomi, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Lucchetti, Alice, Pajola, Maurizio, Ernst, Carolyn, Daly, R. Terik, Barnouin, Olivier, Raducan, Sabina D., Michel, Patrick, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Stott, Alexander, Cuervo, Gabriela, Jawin, Erica R., Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., Parro, Laura M., Sunday, Cecily, Vivet, Damien, Mimoun, David, Rivkin, Andy, Chabot, Nancy, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Robin, Colas Q., Duchene, Alexia, Murdoch, Naomi, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Lucchetti, Alice, Pajola, Maurizio, Ernst, Carolyn, Daly, R. Terik, Barnouin, Olivier, Raducan, Sabina D., Michel, Patrick, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Stott, Alexander, Cuervo, Gabriela, Jawin, Erica R., Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., Parro, Laura M., Sunday, Cecily, Vivet, Damien, Mimoun, David, Rivkin, Andy, and Chabot, Nancy
Abstract: Planetary defense efforts rely on estimates of the mechanical properties of asteroids, which are difficult to constrain accurately from Earth. The mechanical properties of asteroid material are also important in the interpretation of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) impact. Here we perform a detailed morphological analysis of the surface boulders on Dimorphos using images, the primary data set available from the DART mission. We estimate the bulk angle of internal friction of the boulders to be 32.7 ± 2. 5° from our measurements of the roundness of the 34 best-resolved boulders ranging in size from 1.67–6.64 m. The elongated nature of the boulders around the DART impact site implies that they were likely formed through impact processing. Finally, we find striking similarities in the morphology of the boulders on Dimorphos with those on other rubble pile asteroids (Itokawa, Ryugu and Bennu). This leads to very similar internal friction angles across the four bodies and suggests that a common formation mechanism has shaped the boulders. Our results provide key inputs for understanding the DART impact and for improving our knowledge about the physical properties, the formation and the evolution of both near-Earth rubble-pile and binary asteroids.
Published: 2024

6. VADER: Probing the Dark Side of Dimorphos with LICIACube LUKE

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Zinzi, Angelo, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Della Corte, Vincenzo, Deshapriya, J. D. Prasanna, Gai, Igor, Lucchetti, Alice, Pajola, Maurizio, Rossi, Alessandro, Dotto, Elisabetta, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, Daly, R. Terik, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Farnham, Tony, Ernst, Carolyn, Ivanovski, Stavro, Li, Jian-Yang, Parro, Laura M., Amoroso, Marilena, Beccarelli, Joel, Bertini, Ivano, Brucato, John Robert, Capannolo, Andrea, Caporali, S., Ceresoli, M., Cremonese, Gabriele, Dall’Ora, Massimo, Gomez Casajus, L., Gramigna, E., Ieva, Simone, Impresario, Gabriele, Lasagni Manghi, R., Lavagna, Michèle, Lombardo, M., Modenini, Dario, Negri, B., Palumbo, Pasquale, Perna, Davide, Pirrotta, Simone, Poggiali, Giovanni, Tortora, Paolo, Tusberti, Filippo, Zannoni, Marco, Zanotti, Giovanni, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Zinzi, Angelo, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Della Corte, Vincenzo, Deshapriya, J. D. Prasanna, Gai, Igor, Lucchetti, Alice, Pajola, Maurizio, Rossi, Alessandro, Dotto, Elisabetta, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, Daly, R. Terik, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Farnham, Tony, Ernst, Carolyn, Ivanovski, Stavro, Li, Jian-Yang, Parro, Laura M., Amoroso, Marilena, Beccarelli, Joel, Bertini, Ivano, Brucato, John Robert, Capannolo, Andrea, Caporali, S., Ceresoli, M., Cremonese, Gabriele, Dall’Ora, Massimo, Gomez Casajus, L., Gramigna, E., Ieva, Simone, Impresario, Gabriele, Lasagni Manghi, R., Lavagna, Michèle, Lombardo, M., Modenini, Dario, Negri, B., Palumbo, Pasquale, Perna, Davide, Pirrotta, Simone, Poggiali, Giovanni, Tortora, Paolo, Tusberti, Filippo, Zannoni, Marco, and Zanotti, Giovanni
Abstract: The ASI cubesat LICIACube has been part of the first planetary defense mission DART, having among its scopes to complement the DRACO images to better constrain the Dimorphos shape. LICIACube had two different cameras, LEIA and LUKE, and to accomplish its goal, it exploited the unique possibility of acquiring images of the Dimorphos hemisphere not seen by DART from a vantage point of view, in both time and space. This work is indeed aimed at constraining the tridimensional shape of Dimorphos, starting from both LUKE images of the nonimpacted hemisphere of Dimorphos and the results obtained by DART looking at the impacted hemisphere. To this aim, we developed a semiautomatic Computer Vision algorithm, named VADER, able to identify objects of interest on the basis of physical characteristics, subsequently used as input to retrieve the shape of the ellipse projected in the LUKE images analyzed. Thanks to this shape, we then extracted information about the Dimorphos ellipsoid by applying a series of quantitative geometric considerations. Although the solution space coming from this analysis includes the triaxial ellipsoid found by using DART images, we cannot discard the possibility that Dimorphos has a more elongated shape, more similar to what is expected from previous theories and observations. The result of our work seems therefore to emphasize the unique value of the LICIACube mission and its images, making even clearer the need of having different points of view to accurately define the shape of an asteroid.
Published: 2024

7. It provides families with other avenues for treatment when there are no other options Surgeons' perspectives of being part of a precision medicine trial for poor prognosis paediatric cancer patients: A short report.

Author: Daly, R, Hetherington, K, Wadling, BR, Jacobs, C, Karpelowsky, J, Wakefield, CE, Daly, R, Hetherington, K, Wadling, BR, Jacobs, C, Karpelowsky, J, and Wakefield, CE
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Precision medicine is transforming cancer treatment, yet the perspectives of surgeons who often play a critical role in the delivery of precision medicine remain understudied. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 surgeons involved in a precision medicine trial for children with poor prognosis cancer. We explored knowledge of genetics, confidence with somatic and germline results, ratings of benefit to stakeholders and willingness to undertake surgical procedures. RESULTS: Surgeons generally had positive attitudes towards precision medicine but expressed concerns about families' unrealistic expectations, mixed opinions on the benefits and the use of research-only biopsies. Most surgeons rated their genetics knowledge as 'good' (69%) and felt 'very confident' in identifying genetic specialists (66%), but 'not confident' (66.6%) in making treatment recommendations. Surgeons' willingness to undertake a procedure was influenced by potential patient benefit. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the need for more workforce and training support for surgeons to fully engage with precision medicine.
Published: 2024

8. Physical properties of asteroid Dimorphos as derived from the DART impact

Author: Raducan, S. D., Jutzi, M., Cheng, A. F., Zhang, Y., Barnouin, O., Collins, G. S., Daly, R. T., Davison, T. M., Ernst, C. M., Farnham, T. L., Ferrari, F., Hirabayashi, M., Kumamoto, K. M., Michel, P., Murdoch, N., Nakano, R., Pajola, M., Rossi, A., Agrusa, H. F., Barbee, B. W., Syal, M. Bruck, Chabot, N. L., Dotto, E., Fahnestock, E. G., Hasselmann, P. H., Herreros, I., Ivanovski, S., Li, J. -Y., Lucchetti, A., Luther, R., Ormö, J., Owen, M., Pravec, P., Rivkin, A. S., Robin, C. Q., Sánchez, P., Tusberti, F., Wünnemann, K., Zinzi, A., Epifani, E. Mazzotta, Manzoni, C., May, B. H., Raducan, S. D., Jutzi, M., Cheng, A. F., Zhang, Y., Barnouin, O., Collins, G. S., Daly, R. T., Davison, T. M., Ernst, C. M., Farnham, T. L., Ferrari, F., Hirabayashi, M., Kumamoto, K. M., Michel, P., Murdoch, N., Nakano, R., Pajola, M., Rossi, A., Agrusa, H. F., Barbee, B. W., Syal, M. Bruck, Chabot, N. L., Dotto, E., Fahnestock, E. G., Hasselmann, P. H., Herreros, I., Ivanovski, S., Li, J. -Y., Lucchetti, A., Luther, R., Ormö, J., Owen, M., Pravec, P., Rivkin, A. S., Robin, C. Q., Sánchez, P., Tusberti, F., Wünnemann, K., Zinzi, A., Epifani, E. Mazzotta, Manzoni, C., and May, B. H.
Abstract: On September 26, 2022, NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission successfully impacted Dimorphos, the natural satellite of the binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos. Numerical simulations of the impact provide a means to explore target surface material properties and structures, consistent with the observed momentum deflection efficiency, ejecta cone geometry, and ejected mass. Our simulation, which best matches observations, indicates that Dimorphos is weak, with a cohesive strength of less than a few pascals (Pa), similar to asteroids (162173) Ryugu and (101955) Bennu. We find that a bulk density of Dimorphos, rhoB, lower than 2400 kg/m3, and a low volume fraction of boulders (<40 vol%) on the surface and in the shallow subsurface, are consistent with measured data from the DART experiment. These findings suggest Dimorphos is a rubble pile that might have formed through rotational mass shedding and re-accumulation from Didymos. Our simulations indicate that the DART impact caused global deformation and resurfacing of Dimorphos. ESA's upcoming Hera mission may find a re-shaped asteroid, rather than a well-defined crater.
Published: 2024
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9. Towards Prebiotic Chemistry on Titan: Impact experiments on organic haze particles

Author: Pearce, Ben K. D., Hörst, Sarah M., Cline, Christopher J., Cintala, Mark J., He, Chao, Sebree, Joshua A., MacKenzie, Shannon M., Daly, R. Terik, Pontefract, Alexandra J., Pesciotta, Cara, Pearce, Ben K. D., Hörst, Sarah M., Cline, Christopher J., Cintala, Mark J., He, Chao, Sebree, Joshua A., MacKenzie, Shannon M., Daly, R. Terik, Pontefract, Alexandra J., and Pesciotta, Cara
Abstract: Impacts are critical to producing the aqueous environments necessary to stimulate prebiotic chemistry on Titan's surface. Furthermore, organic hazes resting on the surface are a likely feedstock of biomolecules. In this work, we conduct impact experiments on laboratory-produced organic haze particles and haze/sand mixtures and analyze these samples for life's building blocks. Samples of unshocked haze and sand particles are also analyzed to determine the change in biomolecule concentrations and distributions from shocking. Across all samples, we detect seven nucleobases, nine proteinogenic amino acids, and five other biomolecules (e.g., urea) using a blank subtraction procedure to eliminate signals due to contamination. We find that shock pressures of 13 GPa variably degrade nucleobases, amino acids, and a few other organics in haze particles and haze/sand mixtures; however, certain individual biomolecules become enriched or are even produced from these events. Xanthine, threonine, and aspartic acid are enriched or produced in impact experiments containing sand, suggesting these minerals may catalyze the production of these biomolecules. On the other hand, thymine and isoleucine/norleucine are enriched or produced in haze samples containing no sand, suggesting catalytic grains are not necessary for all impact shock syntheses. Uracil, glycine, proline, cysteine, and tyrosine are the most unstable to impact-related processing. These experiments suggest that impacts alter biomolecule distributions on Titan's surface, and that organic hazes co-occurring with fine-grained material on the surface may provide an initial source for further prebiotic chemistry on Titan., Comment: Accepted to PSJ. 13 pages, 3 tables, 7 figures
Published: 2024
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10. Direct $N$-body simulations of satellite formation around small asteroids: insights from DART's encounter with the Didymos system

Author: Agrusa, Harrison F., Zhang, Yun, Richardson, Derek C., Pravec, Petr, Ćuk, Matija, Michel, Patrick, Ballouz, Ronald-Louis, Jacobson, Seth A., Scheeres, Daniel J., Walsh, Kevin, Barnouin, Olivier, Daly, R. Terik, Palmer, Eric, Pajola, Maurizio, Lucchetti, Alice, Tusberti, Filippo, DeMartini, Joseph V., Ferrari, Fabio, Meyer, Alex J., Raducan, Sabina D., Sánchez, Paul, Agrusa, Harrison F., Zhang, Yun, Richardson, Derek C., Pravec, Petr, Ćuk, Matija, Michel, Patrick, Ballouz, Ronald-Louis, Jacobson, Seth A., Scheeres, Daniel J., Walsh, Kevin, Barnouin, Olivier, Daly, R. Terik, Palmer, Eric, Pajola, Maurizio, Lucchetti, Alice, Tusberti, Filippo, DeMartini, Joseph V., Ferrari, Fabio, Meyer, Alex J., Raducan, Sabina D., and Sánchez, Paul
Abstract: We explore binary asteroid formation by spin-up and rotational disruption considering the NASA DART mission's encounter with the Didymos-Dimorphos binary, which was the first small binary visited by a spacecraft. Using a suite of $N$-body simulations, we follow the gravitational accumulation of a satellite from meter-sized particles following a mass-shedding event from a rapidly rotating primary. The satellite's formation is chaotic, as it undergoes a series of collisions, mergers, and close gravitational encounters with other moonlets, leading to a wide range of outcomes in terms of the satellite's mass, shape, orbit, and rotation state. We find that a Dimorphos-like satellite can form rapidly, in a matter of days, following a realistic mass-shedding event in which only ${\sim}2-3\%$ of the primary's mass is shed. Satellites can form in synchronous rotation due to their formation near the Roche limit. There is a strong preference for forming prolate (elongated) satellites, although some simulations result in oblate spheroids like Dimorphos. The distribution of simulated secondary shapes is broadly consistent with other binary systems, measured through radar or lightcurves. Unless Dimorphos's shape is an outlier, and considering the observational bias against lightcurve-based determination of secondary elongations for oblate bodies, we suggest there could be a significant population of oblate secondaries. If these satellites initially form with elongated shapes, a yet-unidentified pathway is needed to explain how they become oblate. Finally, we show that this chaotic formation pathway occasionally forms asteroid pairs and stable triples, including co-orbital satellites and satellites in mean motion resonances., Comment: 41 pages, 23 figures, accepted to PSJ, movies available at https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.8387043
Published: 2024
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11. Gastrointestinal bacteria : attachment and interactions

Author: Daly, R.
Subjects: 611.33
Published: 2004

12. Ejecta from the DART-produced active asteroid Dimorphos

Author: Li, Jian-Yang, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Farnham, Tony L., Sunshine, Jessica M., Knight, Matthew M., Tancredi, Gonzalo, Moreno, Fernando, Murphy, Brian, Opitom, Cyrielle, Chesley, Steve, Scheeres, Daniel J., Thomas, Cristina A., Fahnestock, Eugene G., Cheng, Andrew F., Dressel, Linda, Ernst, Carolyn M., Ferrari, Fabio, Fitzsimmons, Alan, Ieva, Simone, Ivanovski, Stavro L., Kareta, Theodore, Kolokolova, Ludmilla, Lister, Tim, Raducan, Sabina D., Rivkin, Andrew S., Rossi, Alessandro, Soldini, Stefania, Stickle, Angela M., Vick, Alison, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Weaver, Harold A., Bagnulo, Stefano, Bannister, Michele T., Cambioni, Saverio, Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Chabot, Nancy L., Cremonese, Gabriele, Daly, R. Terik, Dotto, Elisabetta, Glenar, David A., Granvik, Mikael, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Herreros, Isabel, Jacobson, Seth, Jutzi, Martin, Kohout, Tomas, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lazzarin, Monica, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Lolachi, Ramin, Lucchetti, Alice, Makadia, Rahil, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, Michel, Patrick, Migliorini, Alessandra, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Ormö, Jens, Pajola, Maurizio, Sánchez, Paul, Schwartz, Stephen R., Snodgrass, Colin, Steckloff, Jordan, Stubbs, Timothy J., Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., Li, Jian-Yang, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Farnham, Tony L., Sunshine, Jessica M., Knight, Matthew M., Tancredi, Gonzalo, Moreno, Fernando, Murphy, Brian, Opitom, Cyrielle, Chesley, Steve, Scheeres, Daniel J., Thomas, Cristina A., Fahnestock, Eugene G., Cheng, Andrew F., Dressel, Linda, Ernst, Carolyn M., Ferrari, Fabio, Fitzsimmons, Alan, Ieva, Simone, Ivanovski, Stavro L., Kareta, Theodore, Kolokolova, Ludmilla, Lister, Tim, Raducan, Sabina D., Rivkin, Andrew S., Rossi, Alessandro, Soldini, Stefania, Stickle, Angela M., Vick, Alison, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Weaver, Harold A., Bagnulo, Stefano, Bannister, Michele T., Cambioni, Saverio, Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Chabot, Nancy L., Cremonese, Gabriele, Daly, R. Terik, Dotto, Elisabetta, Glenar, David A., Granvik, Mikael, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Herreros, Isabel, Jacobson, Seth, Jutzi, Martin, Kohout, Tomas, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lazzarin, Monica, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Lolachi, Ramin, Lucchetti, Alice, Makadia, Rahil, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, Michel, Patrick, Migliorini, Alessandra, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Ormö, Jens, Pajola, Maurizio, Sánchez, Paul, Schwartz, Stephen R., Snodgrass, Colin, Steckloff, Jordan, Stubbs, Timothy J., and Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M.
Abstract: Some active asteroids have been proposed to be formed as a result of impact events1. Because active asteroids are generally discovered by chance only after their tails have fully formed, the process of how impact ejecta evolve into a tail has, to our knowledge, not been directly observed. The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission of NASA2, in addition to having successfully changed the orbital period of Dimorphos3, demonstrated the activation process of an asteroid resulting from an impact under precisely known conditions. Here we report the observations of the DART impact ejecta with the Hubble Space Telescope from impact time T + 15 min to T + 18.5 days at spatial resolutions of around 2.1 km per pixel. Our observations reveal the complex evolution of the ejecta, which are first dominated by the gravitational interaction between the Didymos binary system and the ejected dust and subsequently by solar radiation pressure. The lowest-speed ejecta dispersed through a sustained tail that had a consistent morphology with previously observed asteroid tails thought to be produced by an impact4,5. The evolution of the ejecta after the controlled impact experiment of DART thus provides a framework for understanding the fundamental mechanisms that act on asteroids disrupted by a natural impact1,6., Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-12-12 (hanlid);For funding information see: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05811-4;Full text license: CC BY
Published: 2023
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13. The Perturbed Full Two-Body Problem: Application to Post-DART Didymos

Author: Meyer, Alex J., Agrusa, Harrison F., Richardson, Derek C., Daly, R. Terik, Fuentes-Muñoz, Oscar, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Michel, Patrick, Merrill, Colby C., Nakano, Ryota, Cheng, Andrew F., Barbee, Brent, Barnouin, Olivier S., Chesley, Steven R., Ernst, Carolyn M., Gkolias, Ioannis, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Naidu, Shantanu P., Pravec, Petr, Scheirich, Petr, Thomas, Cristina A., Tsiganis, Kleomenis, Scheeres, Daniel J., Meyer, Alex J., Agrusa, Harrison F., Richardson, Derek C., Daly, R. Terik, Fuentes-Muñoz, Oscar, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Michel, Patrick, Merrill, Colby C., Nakano, Ryota, Cheng, Andrew F., Barbee, Brent, Barnouin, Olivier S., Chesley, Steven R., Ernst, Carolyn M., Gkolias, Ioannis, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Naidu, Shantanu P., Pravec, Petr, Scheirich, Petr, Thomas, Cristina A., Tsiganis, Kleomenis, and Scheeres, Daniel J.
Abstract: With the successful impact of the NASA DART spacecraft in the Didymos-Dimorphos binary asteroid system, we provide an initial analysis of the post-impact perturbed binary asteroid dynamics. To compare our simulation results with observations, we introduce a set of "observable elements" calculated using only the physical separation of the binary asteroid, rather than traditional Keplerian elements. Using numerical methods that treat the fully spin-orbit-coupled dynamics, we estimate the system's mass and the impact-induced changes in orbital velocity, semimajor axis, and eccentricity. We find that the changes to the mutual orbit depend strongly on the separation distance between Didymos and Dimorphos at the time of impact. If Dimorphos enters a tumbling state after the impact, this may be observable through changes in the system's eccentricity and orbit period. We also find that any DART-induced reshaping of Dimorphos would generally reduce the required change in orbital velocity to achieve the measured post-impact orbit period and will be assessed by the ESA Hera mission in 2027., Comment: Accepted for publication in PSJ
Published: 2023

14. Momentum Transfer from the DART Mission Kinetic Impact on Asteroid Dimorphos

Author: Cheng, Andrew F., Agrusa, Harrison F., Barbee, Brent W., Meyer, Alex J., Farnham, Tony L., Raducan, Sabina D., Richardson, Derek C., Dotto, Elisabetta, Zinzi, Angelo, Della Corte, Vincenzo, Statler, Thomas S., Chesley, Steven, Naidu, Shantanu P., Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Li, Jian-Yang, Eggl, Siegfried, Barnouin, Olivier S., Chabot, Nancy L., Chocron, Sidney, Collins, Gareth S., Daly, R. Terik, Davison, Thomas M., DeCoster, Mallory E., Ernst, Carolyn M., Ferrari, Fabio, Graninger, Dawn M., Jacobson, Seth A., Jutzi, Martin, Kumamoto, Kathryn M., Luther, Robert, Lyzhoft, Joshua R., Michel, Patrick, Murdoch, Naomi, Nakano, Ryota, Palmer, Eric, Rivkin, Andrew S., Scheeres, Daniel J., Stickle, Angela M., Sunshine, Jessica M., Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M., Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Walker, James D., Wünnemann, Kai, Zhang, Yun, Amoroso, Marilena, Bertini, Ivano, Brucato, John R., Capannolo, Andrea, Cremonese, Gabriele, Dall'Ora, Massimo, Deshapriya, Prasanna J. D., Gai, Igor, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Ieva, Simone, Impresario, Gabriele, Ivanovski, Stavro L., Lavagna, Michèle, Lucchetti, Alice, Epifani, Elena M., Modenini, Dario, Pajola, Maurizio, Palumbo, Pasquale, Perna, Davide, Pirrotta, Simone, Poggiali, Giovanni, Rossi, Alessandro, Tortora, Paolo, Zannoni, Marco, Zanotti, Giovanni, Cheng, Andrew F., Agrusa, Harrison F., Barbee, Brent W., Meyer, Alex J., Farnham, Tony L., Raducan, Sabina D., Richardson, Derek C., Dotto, Elisabetta, Zinzi, Angelo, Della Corte, Vincenzo, Statler, Thomas S., Chesley, Steven, Naidu, Shantanu P., Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Li, Jian-Yang, Eggl, Siegfried, Barnouin, Olivier S., Chabot, Nancy L., Chocron, Sidney, Collins, Gareth S., Daly, R. Terik, Davison, Thomas M., DeCoster, Mallory E., Ernst, Carolyn M., Ferrari, Fabio, Graninger, Dawn M., Jacobson, Seth A., Jutzi, Martin, Kumamoto, Kathryn M., Luther, Robert, Lyzhoft, Joshua R., Michel, Patrick, Murdoch, Naomi, Nakano, Ryota, Palmer, Eric, Rivkin, Andrew S., Scheeres, Daniel J., Stickle, Angela M., Sunshine, Jessica M., Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M., Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Walker, James D., Wünnemann, Kai, Zhang, Yun, Amoroso, Marilena, Bertini, Ivano, Brucato, John R., Capannolo, Andrea, Cremonese, Gabriele, Dall'Ora, Massimo, Deshapriya, Prasanna J. D., Gai, Igor, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Ieva, Simone, Impresario, Gabriele, Ivanovski, Stavro L., Lavagna, Michèle, Lucchetti, Alice, Epifani, Elena M., Modenini, Dario, Pajola, Maurizio, Palumbo, Pasquale, Perna, Davide, Pirrotta, Simone, Poggiali, Giovanni, Rossi, Alessandro, Tortora, Paolo, Zannoni, Marco, and Zanotti, Giovanni
Abstract: The NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission performed a kinetic impact on asteroid Dimorphos, the satellite of the binary asteroid (65803) Didymos, at 23:14 UTC on September 26, 2022 as a planetary defense test. DART was the first hypervelocity impact experiment on an asteroid at size and velocity scales relevant to planetary defense, intended to validate kinetic impact as a means of asteroid deflection. Here we report the first determination of the momentum transferred to an asteroid by kinetic impact. Based on the change in the binary orbit period, we find an instantaneous reduction in Dimorphos's along-track orbital velocity component of 2.70 +/- 0.10 mm/s, indicating enhanced momentum transfer due to recoil from ejecta streams produced by the impact. For a Dimorphos bulk density range of 1,500 to 3,300 kg/m$^3$, we find that the expected value of the momentum enhancement factor, $\beta$, ranges between 2.2 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos. If Dimorphos and Didymos are assumed to have equal densities of 2,400 kg/m$^3$, $\beta$= 3.61 +0.19/-0.25 (1 $\sigma$). These $\beta$ values indicate that significantly more momentum was transferred to Dimorphos from the escaping impact ejecta than was incident with DART. Therefore, the DART kinetic impact was highly effective in deflecting the asteroid Dimorphos., Comment: accepted by Nature
Published: 2023
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15. Successful Kinetic Impact into an Asteroid for Planetary Defense

Author: Daly, R. Terik, Ernst, Carolyn M., Barnouin, Olivier S., Chabot, Nancy L., Rivkin, Andrew S., Cheng, Andrew F., Adams, Elena Y., Agrusa, Harrison F., Abel, Elisabeth D., Alford, Amy L., Asphaug, Erik I., Atchison, Justin A., Badger, Andrew R., Baki, Paul, Ballouz, Ronald-L., Bekker, Dmitriy L., Bellerose, Julie, Bhaskaran, Shyam, Buratti, Bonnie J., Cambioni, Saverio, Chen, Michelle H., Chesley, Steven R., Chiu, George, Collins, Gareth S., Cox, Matthew W., DeCoster, Mallory E., Ericksen, Peter S., Espiritu, Raymond C., Faber, Alan S., Farnham, Tony L., Ferrari, Fabio, Fletcher, Zachary J., Gaskell, Robert W., Graninger, Dawn M., Haque, Musad A., Harrington-Duff, Patricia A., Hefter, Sarah, Herreros, Isabel, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Huang, Philip M., Hsieh, Syau-Yun W., Jacobson, Seth A., Jenkins, Stephen N., Jensenius, Mark A., John, Jeremy W., Jutzi, Martin, Kohout, Tomas, Krueger, Timothy O., Laipert, Frank E., Lopez, Norberto R., Luther, Robert, Lucchetti, Alice, Mages, Declan M., Marchi, Simone, Martin, Anna C., McQuaide, Maria E., Michel, Patrick, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Murphy, Ian W., Murdoch, Naomi, Naidu, Shantanu P., Nair, Hari, Nolan, Michael C., Ormö, Jens, Pajola, Maurizio, Palmer, Eric E., Peachey, James M., Pravec, Petr, Raducan, Sabina D., Ramesh, K. T., Ramirez, Joshua R., Reynolds, Edward L., Richman, Joshua E., Robin, Colas Q., Rodriguez, Luis M., Roufberg, Lew M., Rush, Brian P., Sawyer, Carolyn A., Scheeres, Daniel J., Scheirich, Petr, Schwartz, Stephen R., Shannon, Matthew P., Shapiro, Brett N., Shearer, Caitlin E., Smith, Evan J., Steele, R. Joshua, Steckloff, Jordan K, Stickle, Angela M., Sunshine, Jessica M., Superfin, Emil A., Tarzi, Zahi B., Thomas, Cristina A., Thomas, Justin R., Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., Tropf, B. Teresa, Vaughan, Andrew T., Velez, Dianna, Waller, C. Dany, Wilson, Daniel S., Wortman, Kristin A., Zhang, Yun, Daly, R. Terik, Ernst, Carolyn M., Barnouin, Olivier S., Chabot, Nancy L., Rivkin, Andrew S., Cheng, Andrew F., Adams, Elena Y., Agrusa, Harrison F., Abel, Elisabeth D., Alford, Amy L., Asphaug, Erik I., Atchison, Justin A., Badger, Andrew R., Baki, Paul, Ballouz, Ronald-L., Bekker, Dmitriy L., Bellerose, Julie, Bhaskaran, Shyam, Buratti, Bonnie J., Cambioni, Saverio, Chen, Michelle H., Chesley, Steven R., Chiu, George, Collins, Gareth S., Cox, Matthew W., DeCoster, Mallory E., Ericksen, Peter S., Espiritu, Raymond C., Faber, Alan S., Farnham, Tony L., Ferrari, Fabio, Fletcher, Zachary J., Gaskell, Robert W., Graninger, Dawn M., Haque, Musad A., Harrington-Duff, Patricia A., Hefter, Sarah, Herreros, Isabel, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Huang, Philip M., Hsieh, Syau-Yun W., Jacobson, Seth A., Jenkins, Stephen N., Jensenius, Mark A., John, Jeremy W., Jutzi, Martin, Kohout, Tomas, Krueger, Timothy O., Laipert, Frank E., Lopez, Norberto R., Luther, Robert, Lucchetti, Alice, Mages, Declan M., Marchi, Simone, Martin, Anna C., McQuaide, Maria E., Michel, Patrick, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Murphy, Ian W., Murdoch, Naomi, Naidu, Shantanu P., Nair, Hari, Nolan, Michael C., Ormö, Jens, Pajola, Maurizio, Palmer, Eric E., Peachey, James M., Pravec, Petr, Raducan, Sabina D., Ramesh, K. T., Ramirez, Joshua R., Reynolds, Edward L., Richman, Joshua E., Robin, Colas Q., Rodriguez, Luis M., Roufberg, Lew M., Rush, Brian P., Sawyer, Carolyn A., Scheeres, Daniel J., Scheirich, Petr, Schwartz, Stephen R., Shannon, Matthew P., Shapiro, Brett N., Shearer, Caitlin E., Smith, Evan J., Steele, R. Joshua, Steckloff, Jordan K, Stickle, Angela M., Sunshine, Jessica M., Superfin, Emil A., Tarzi, Zahi B., Thomas, Cristina A., Thomas, Justin R., Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., Tropf, B. Teresa, Vaughan, Andrew T., Velez, Dianna, Waller, C. Dany, Wilson, Daniel S., Wortman, Kristin A., and Zhang, Yun
Abstract: While no known asteroid poses a threat to Earth for at least the next century, the catalog of near-Earth asteroids is incomplete for objects whose impacts would produce regional devastation. Several approaches have been proposed to potentially prevent an asteroid impact with Earth by deflecting or disrupting an asteroid. A test of kinetic impact technology was identified as the highest priority space mission related to asteroid mitigation. NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission is the first full-scale test of kinetic impact technology. The mission's target asteroid was Dimorphos, the secondary member of the S-type binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos. This binary asteroid system was chosen to enable ground-based telescopes to quantify the asteroid deflection caused by DART's impact. While past missions have utilized impactors to investigate the properties of small bodies those earlier missions were not intended to deflect their targets and did not achieve measurable deflections. Here we report the DART spacecraft's autonomous kinetic impact into Dimorphos and reconstruct the impact event, including the timeline leading to impact, the location and nature of the DART impact site, and the size and shape of Dimorphos. The successful impact of the DART spacecraft with Dimorphos and the resulting change in Dimorphos's orbit demonstrates that kinetic impactor technology is a viable technique to potentially defend Earth if necessary., Comment: Accepted by Nature
Published: 2023
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16. Precision Medicine Is Changing the Roles of Healthcare Professionals, Scientists, and Research Staff: Learnings from a Childhood Cancer Precision Medicine Trial.

Author: Daly, R, Hetherington, K, Hazell, E, Wadling, BR, Tyrrell, V, Tucker, KM, Marshall, GM, Ziegler, DS, Lau, LMS, Trahair, TN, O'Brien, TA, Collins, K, Gifford, AJ, Haber, M, Pinese, M, Malkin, D, Cowley, MJ, Karpelowsky, J, Drew, D, Jacobs, C, Wakefield, CE, Daly, R, Hetherington, K, Hazell, E, Wadling, BR, Tyrrell, V, Tucker, KM, Marshall, GM, Ziegler, DS, Lau, LMS, Trahair, TN, O'Brien, TA, Collins, K, Gifford, AJ, Haber, M, Pinese, M, Malkin, D, Cowley, MJ, Karpelowsky, J, Drew, D, Jacobs, C, and Wakefield, CE
Abstract: Precision medicine programs aim to utilize novel technologies to identify personalized treatments for children with cancer. Delivering these programs requires interdisciplinary efforts, yet the many groups involved are understudied. This study explored the experiences of a broad range of professionals delivering Australia's first precision medicine trial for children with poor-prognosis cancer: the PRecISion Medicine for Children with Cancer (PRISM) national clinical trial of the Zero Childhood Cancer Program. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 85 PRISM professionals from eight professional groups, including oncologists, surgeons, clinical research associates, scientists, genetic professionals, pathologists, animal care technicians, and nurses. We analyzed interviews thematically. Professionals shared that precision medicine can add complexity to their role and result in less certain outcomes for families. Although many participants described experiencing a greater emotional impact from their work, most expressed very positive views about the impact of precision medicine on their profession and its future potential. Most reported navigating precision medicine without formal training. Each group described unique challenges involved in adapting to precision medicine in their profession. Addressing training gaps and meeting the specific needs of many professional groups involved in precision medicine will be essential to ensure the successful implementation of standard care.
Published: 2023

17. Ejecta from the DART-produced active asteroid Dimorphos

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Li, Jian-Yang, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Farnham, Tony, Sunshine, Jessica M., Knight, Matthew M., Tancredi, Gonzalo, Moreno, Fernando, Murphy, Brian, Opitom, Cyrielle, Chesley, Steven, Scheeres, Daniel J., Thomas, Cristina, Fahnestock, Eugene G., Cheng, Andy F., Dressel, Linda, Ernst, Carolyn, Ferrari, Fabio, Fitzsimmons, Alan, Ieva, Simone, Ivanovski, Stavro, Kareta, Teddy, Kolokolova, Ludmilla, Lister, Tim, Raducan, Sabina D., Rivkin, Andy, Rossi, Alessandro, Soldini, Stefania, Stickle, Angela M., Vick, Alison, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Weaver, Harold A., Bagnulo, Stefano, Bannister, Michele T., Cambioni, Saverio, Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Chabot, Nancy, Cremonese, Gabriele, Daly, R. Terik, Dotto, Elisabetta, Glenar, David A., Granvik, Mikael, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Herreros, Isabel, Jacobson, Seth A., Jutzi, Martin, Kohout, Tomas, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lazzarin, Monica, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Lolachi, Ramin, Lucchetti, Alice, Makadia, Rahil, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, Michel, Patrick, Migliorini, Alessandra, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Ormö, Jens, Pajola, Maurizio, Sánchez, Paul, Schwartz, Stephen R., Snodgrass, Colin, Steckloff, Jordan, Stubbs, Timothy J., Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Li, Jian-Yang, Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Farnham, Tony, Sunshine, Jessica M., Knight, Matthew M., Tancredi, Gonzalo, Moreno, Fernando, Murphy, Brian, Opitom, Cyrielle, Chesley, Steven, Scheeres, Daniel J., Thomas, Cristina, Fahnestock, Eugene G., Cheng, Andy F., Dressel, Linda, Ernst, Carolyn, Ferrari, Fabio, Fitzsimmons, Alan, Ieva, Simone, Ivanovski, Stavro, Kareta, Teddy, Kolokolova, Ludmilla, Lister, Tim, Raducan, Sabina D., Rivkin, Andy, Rossi, Alessandro, Soldini, Stefania, Stickle, Angela M., Vick, Alison, Vincent, Jean-Baptiste, Weaver, Harold A., Bagnulo, Stefano, Bannister, Michele T., Cambioni, Saverio, Campo Bagatin, Adriano, Chabot, Nancy, Cremonese, Gabriele, Daly, R. Terik, Dotto, Elisabetta, Glenar, David A., Granvik, Mikael, Hasselmann, Pedro H., Herreros, Isabel, Jacobson, Seth A., Jutzi, Martin, Kohout, Tomas, La Forgia, Fiorangela, Lazzarin, Monica, Lin, Zhong-Yi, Lolachi, Ramin, Lucchetti, Alice, Makadia, Rahil, Mazzotta Epifani, Elena, Michel, Patrick, Migliorini, Alessandra, Moskovitz, Nicholas A., Ormö, Jens, Pajola, Maurizio, Sánchez, Paul, Schwartz, Stephen R., Snodgrass, Colin, Steckloff, Jordan, Stubbs, Timothy J., and Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M.
Abstract: Some active asteroids have been proposed to be the result of impact events1. Because active asteroids are generally discovered serendipitously only after their tail formation, the process of the impact ejecta evolving into a tail has never been directly observed. NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission2, apart from having successfully changed the orbital period of Dimorphos3, demonstrated the activation process of an asteroid from an impact under precisely known impact conditions. Here we report the observations of the DART impact ejecta with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) from impact time T+15 minutes to T+18.5 days at spatial resolutions of ~2.1 km per pixel. Our observations reveal a complex evolution of ejecta, which is first dominated by the gravitational interaction between the Didymos binary system and the ejected dust and later by solar radiation pressure. The lowest-speed ejecta dispersed via a sustained tail that displayed a consistent morphology with previously observed asteroid tails thought to be produced by impact4,5. The ejecta evolution following DART’s controlled impact experiment thus provides a framework for understanding the fundamental mechanisms acting on asteroids disrupted by natural impact1,6.
Published: 2023

18. Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology

Author: Andrzejaczek, S., Lucas, T.C.D., Goodman, M.C., Hussey, N.E., Armstrong, A.J., Carlisle, A., Coffey, D.M., Gleiss, A.C., Huveneers, C., Jacoby, D.M.P., Meekan, M.G., Mourier, J., Peel, L.R., Abrantes, K., Afonso, A.S., Ajemian, M.J., Anderson, B.N., Anderson, S.D., Araujo, G., Armstrong, A.O., Bach, P., Barnett, A., Bennett, M.B., Bezerra, N.A., Bonfil, R., Boustany, A.M., Bowlby, H.D., Branco, I., Braun, C.D., Brooks, E.J., Brown, J., Burke, P.J., Butcher, P., Castleton, M., Chapple, T.K., Chateau, O., Clarke, M., Coelho, R., Cortés, E., Couturier, L.I.E., Cowley, P.D., Croll, D.A., Cuevas, J.M., Curtis, T.H., Dagorn, L., Dale, J.J., Daly, R., Dewar, H., Doherty, P.D., Domingo, A., Dove, A.D.M., Drew, M., Dudgeon, C.L., Duffy, C.A.J., Elliott, R.G., Ellis, J.R., Erdmann, M.V., Farrugia, T.J., Ferreira, L.C., Ferretti, F., Filmalter, J.D., Finucci, B., Fischer, C., Fitzpatrick, R., Forget, F., Forsberg, K., Francis, M.P., Franks, B.R., Gallagher, A.J., Galván-Magaña, F., García, M.L., Gaston, T.F., Gillanders, B.M., Gollock, M.J., Green, J.R., Green, S., Griffiths, C.A., Hammerschlag, N., Hasan, A., Hawkes, L.A., Hazin, F., Heard, M., Hearn, A., Hedges, K.J., Henderson, S.M., Holdsworth, J., Holland, K.N., Howey, L.A., Hueter, R.E., Humphries, N.E., Hutchinson, M., Jaine, F.R.A., Jorgensen, S.J., Kanive, P.E., Labaja, J., Lana, F.O., Lassauce, H., Lipscombe, R.S., Llewellyn, F., Macena, B.C.L., Mambrasar, R., McAllister, J.D., McCully Phillips, S.R., McGregor, F., McMillan, M.N., McNaughton, L.M., Mendonça, S.A., Meyer, C.G., Meyers, M., Mohan, J.A., Montgomery, J.C., Mucientes, G., Musyl, M.K., Nasby-Lucas, N., Natanson, L.J., O’Sullivan, J.B., Oliveira, P., Papastamtiou, Y.P., Patterson, T.A., Pierce, S.J., Queiroz, N., Radford, C.A., Richardson, A.J., Righton, D., Rohner, C.A., Royer, M.A., Saunders, R.A., Schaber, M., Schallert, R.J., Scholl, M.C., Seitz, A.C., Semmens, J.M., Setyawan, E., Shea, B.D., Shidqi, R.A., Shillinger, G.L., Shipley, O.N., Shivji, M.S., Sianipar, A.B., Silva, J.F., Sims, D.W., Skomal, G.B., Sousa, L.L., Southall, E.J., Spaet, J.L.Y., Stehfest, K.M., Stevens, G., Stewart, J.D., Sulikowski, J.A., Syakurachman, I., Thorrold, S.R., Thums, M., Tickler, D., Tolloti, M.T., Townsend, K.A., Travassos, P., Tyminski, J.P., Vaudo, J.J., Veras, D., Wantiez, L., Weber, S.B., Wells, R.J.D., Weng, K.C., Wetherbee, B.M., Williamson, J.E., Witt, M.J., Wright, S., Zilliacus, K., Block, B.A., Curnick, D.J., Andrzejaczek, S., Lucas, T.C.D., Goodman, M.C., Hussey, N.E., Armstrong, A.J., Carlisle, A., Coffey, D.M., Gleiss, A.C., Huveneers, C., Jacoby, D.M.P., Meekan, M.G., Mourier, J., Peel, L.R., Abrantes, K., Afonso, A.S., Ajemian, M.J., Anderson, B.N., Anderson, S.D., Araujo, G., Armstrong, A.O., Bach, P., Barnett, A., Bennett, M.B., Bezerra, N.A., Bonfil, R., Boustany, A.M., Bowlby, H.D., Branco, I., Braun, C.D., Brooks, E.J., Brown, J., Burke, P.J., Butcher, P., Castleton, M., Chapple, T.K., Chateau, O., Clarke, M., Coelho, R., Cortés, E., Couturier, L.I.E., Cowley, P.D., Croll, D.A., Cuevas, J.M., Curtis, T.H., Dagorn, L., Dale, J.J., Daly, R., Dewar, H., Doherty, P.D., Domingo, A., Dove, A.D.M., Drew, M., Dudgeon, C.L., Duffy, C.A.J., Elliott, R.G., Ellis, J.R., Erdmann, M.V., Farrugia, T.J., Ferreira, L.C., Ferretti, F., Filmalter, J.D., Finucci, B., Fischer, C., Fitzpatrick, R., Forget, F., Forsberg, K., Francis, M.P., Franks, B.R., Gallagher, A.J., Galván-Magaña, F., García, M.L., Gaston, T.F., Gillanders, B.M., Gollock, M.J., Green, J.R., Green, S., Griffiths, C.A., Hammerschlag, N., Hasan, A., Hawkes, L.A., Hazin, F., Heard, M., Hearn, A., Hedges, K.J., Henderson, S.M., Holdsworth, J., Holland, K.N., Howey, L.A., Hueter, R.E., Humphries, N.E., Hutchinson, M., Jaine, F.R.A., Jorgensen, S.J., Kanive, P.E., Labaja, J., Lana, F.O., Lassauce, H., Lipscombe, R.S., Llewellyn, F., Macena, B.C.L., Mambrasar, R., McAllister, J.D., McCully Phillips, S.R., McGregor, F., McMillan, M.N., McNaughton, L.M., Mendonça, S.A., Meyer, C.G., Meyers, M., Mohan, J.A., Montgomery, J.C., Mucientes, G., Musyl, M.K., Nasby-Lucas, N., Natanson, L.J., O’Sullivan, J.B., Oliveira, P., Papastamtiou, Y.P., Patterson, T.A., Pierce, S.J., Queiroz, N., Radford, C.A., Richardson, A.J., Righton, D., Rohner, C.A., Royer, M.A., Saunders, R.A., Schaber, M., Schallert, R.J., Scholl, M.C., Seitz, A.C., Semmens, J.M., Setyawan, E., Shea, B.D., Shidqi, R.A., Shillinger, G.L., Shipley, O.N., Shivji, M.S., Sianipar, A.B., Silva, J.F., Sims, D.W., Skomal, G.B., Sousa, L.L., Southall, E.J., Spaet, J.L.Y., Stehfest, K.M., Stevens, G., Stewart, J.D., Sulikowski, J.A., Syakurachman, I., Thorrold, S.R., Thums, M., Tickler, D., Tolloti, M.T., Townsend, K.A., Travassos, P., Tyminski, J.P., Vaudo, J.J., Veras, D., Wantiez, L., Weber, S.B., Wells, R.J.D., Weng, K.C., Wetherbee, B.M., Williamson, J.E., Witt, M.J., Wright, S., Zilliacus, K., Block, B.A., and Curnick, D.J.
Abstract: Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and share similar risk to anthropogenic threats that vary on a vertical gradient. We highlight the critical next steps toward incorporating vertical movement into global management and monitoring strategies for elasmobranchs, emphasizing the need to address geographic and taxonomic biases in deployments and to concurrently consider both horizontal and vertical movements.
Published: 2022

19. Effects of a multicomponent resistance-based exercise program with protein, vitamin D and calcium supplementation on cognition in men with prostate cancer treated with ADT: secondary analysis of a 12-month randomised controlled trial

Author: Mundell, NL, Owen, PJ, Dalla Via, J, Macpherson, H, Daly, R, Livingston, PM, Rantalainen, T, Foulkes, S, Millar, J, Murphy, DG, Fraser, S, Mundell, NL, Owen, PJ, Dalla Via, J, Macpherson, H, Daly, R, Livingston, PM, Rantalainen, T, Foulkes, S, Millar, J, Murphy, DG, and Fraser, S
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this preplanned secondary analysis of a 12-month randomised controlled trial was to investigate the effects of a multicomponent exercise programme combined with daily whey protein, calcium and vitamin D supplementation on cognition in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). DESIGN: 12-month, two-arm, randomised controlled trial. SETTING: University clinical exercise centre. PARTICIPANTS: 70 ADT-treated men were randomised to exercise-training plus supplementation (Ex+ Suppl, n=34) or usual care (control, n=36). INTERVENTION: Men allocated to Ex + Suppl undertook thrice weekly resistance training with weight-bearing exercise training plus daily whey protein (25 g), calcium (1200 mg) and vitamin D (2000 IU) supplementation. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Cognition was assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months via a computerised battery (CogState), Trail-making test, Rey auditory-verbal learning test and Digit span. Data were analysed with linear mixed models and an intention-to-treat and prespecified per-protocol approach (exercise-training: ≥66%, nutritional supplement: ≥80%). RESULTS: Sixty (86%) men completed the trial (Ex + Suppl, n=31; control, n=29). Five (7.1%) men were classified as having mild cognitive impairment at baseline. Median (IQR) adherence to the exercise and supplement was 56% (37%-82%) and 91% (66%-97%), respectively. Ex + Suppl had no effect on cognition at any time. CONCLUSIONS: A 12-month multicomponent exercise training and supplementation intervention had no significant effect on cognition in men treated with ADT for prostate cancer compared with usual care. Exercise training adherence below recommended guidelines does not support cognitive health in men treated with ADT for prostate cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12614000317695, registered 25/03/2014) and acknowledged under the Therapeutic Goods Administration Clinical T
Published: 2022

20. Shape modeling of dimorphos for the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART)

Author: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Daly, R. Terik, Ernst, Carolyn M., Barnouin, Olivier S., Gaskell, Robert W., Palmer, Eric E., Nair, Hari, Espiritu, Ray C., Hasnain, Sarah, Waller, Dany, Stickle, Angela M., Nolan, Michael C., Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep María, Dotto, Elisabetta, Lucchetti, Alice, Pajola, Maurizio, Ieva, Simone, Michel, Patrick, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Daly, R. Terik, Ernst, Carolyn M., Barnouin, Olivier S., Gaskell, Robert W., Palmer, Eric E., Nair, Hari, Espiritu, Ray C., Hasnain, Sarah, Waller, Dany, Stickle, Angela M., Nolan, Michael C., Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep María, Dotto, Elisabetta, Lucchetti, Alice, Pajola, Maurizio, Ieva, Simone, and Michel, Patrick
Abstract: The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) is the first planetary defense test mission. It will demonstrate the kinetic impactor technique by intentionally colliding the DART spacecraft with the near-Earth asteroid Dimorphos. The main DART spacecraft is accompanied by the Italian Space Agency Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube). Shape modeling efforts will estimate the volume of Dimorphos and constrain the nature of the impact site. The DART mission uses stereophotoclinometry (SPC) as its primary shape modeling technique. DART is essentially a worst-case scenario for any image-based shape modeling approach because images taken by the camera on board the DART spacecraft, called the Didymos Reconnaissance and Asteroid Camera for Optical navigation (DRACO), possess little stereo and no lighting variation; they simply zoom in on the asteroid. LICIACube images add some stereo, but the images are substantially lower in resolution than the DRACO images. Despite the far-from-optimal imaging conditions, our tests indicate that we can identify the impact site to an accuracy and precision better than 10% the size of the spacecraft core, estimate the volume of Dimorphos to better than 25%, and measure tilts at the impact site over the scale of the spacecraft with an accuracy better than 7°. In short, we will know with excellent accuracy where the DART spacecraft hit, with reasonable knowledge of local tilt, and determine the volume well enough that uncertainties in the density of Dimorphos will be comparable to or dominate the uncertainty in the estimated mass. The tests reported here demonstrate that SPC is a robust technique for shape modeling, even with suboptimal images.
Published: 2022

21. Predicting asteroid material properties from a DART-like kinetic impact

Author: Kumamoto, Kathryn M., Owen, J. Michael, Syal, Megan Bruck, Pearl, Jason, Raskin, Cody, Caldwell, Wendy K., Rainey, Emma, Stickle, Angela, Daly, R. Terik, Barnouin, Olivier, Kumamoto, Kathryn M., Owen, J. Michael, Syal, Megan Bruck, Pearl, Jason, Raskin, Cody, Caldwell, Wendy K., Rainey, Emma, Stickle, Angela, Daly, R. Terik, and Barnouin, Olivier
Abstract: NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission is the first full-scale test of the kinetic impactor method for asteroid deflection, in which a spacecraft intentionally impacts an asteroid to change its trajectory. DART represents an important first step for planetary defense technology demonstration, providing a realistic assessment of the effectiveness of the kinetic impact approach on a near-Earth asteroid. The momentum imparted to the asteroid is transferred from the impacting spacecraft and enhanced by the momentum of material ejected from the impact site. However, the magnitude of the ejecta contribution is dependent on the material properties of the target. These properties, such as strength and shear modulus, are unknown for the DART target asteroid, Dimorphos, as well as most asteroids since such properties are difficult to characterize remotely. This study examines how hydrocode simulations can be used to estimate material properties from information available post-impact, specifically the asteroid size and shape, the velocity and properties of the impacting spacecraft, and the final velocity change imparted to the asteroid. Across >300 three-dimensional simulations varying seven material parameters describing the asteroid, we found many combinations of properties could reproduce a particular asteroid velocity. Additional observations, such as asteroid mass or crater size, are required to further constrain properties like asteroid strength or outcomes like the momentum enhancement provided by impact ejecta. Our results demonstrate the vital importance of having as much knowledge as possible prior to an impact mission, with key material parameters being the asteroid's mass, porosity, strength, and elastic properties., Comment: Accepted to the Planetary Science Journal
Published: 2022
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22. Reply to: Shark mortality cannot be assessed by fishery overlap alone

Author: Queiroz, N, Humphries, NE, Couto, A, Vedor, M, da Costa, I, Sequeira, AMM, Mucientes, G, Santos, AM, Abascal, FJ, Abercrombie, DL, Abrantes, K, Acuña-Marrero, D, Afonso, AS, Afonso, P, Anders, D, Araujo, G, Arauz, R, Bach, P, Barnett, A, Bernal, D, Berumen, ML, Lion, SB, Bezerra, NPA, Blaison, AV, Block, BA, Bond, ME, Bonfil, R, Bradford, RW, Braun, CD, Brooks, EJ, Brooks, A, Brown, J, Bruce, BD, Byrne, ME, Campana, SE, Carlisle, AB, Chapman, DD, Chapple, TK, Chisholm, J, Clarke, CR, Clua, EG, Cochran, JEM, Crochelet, EC, Dagorn, L, Daly, R, Cortés, DD, Doyle, TK, Drew, M, Duffy, CAJ, Erikson, T, Espinoza, E, Ferreira, LC, Ferretti, F, Filmalter, JD, Fischer, GC, Fitzpatrick, R, Fontes, J, Forget, F, Fowler, M, Francis, MP, Gallagher, AJ, Gennari, E, Goldsworthy, SD, Gollock, MJ, Green, JR, Gustafson, JA, Guttridge, TL, Guzman, HM, Hammerschlag, N, Harman, L, Hazin, FHV, Heard, M, Hearn, AR, Holdsworth, JC, Holmes, BJ, Howey, LA, Hoyos, M, Hueter, RE, Hussey, NE, Huveneers, C, Irion, DT, Jacoby, DMP, Jewell, OJD, Johnson, R, Jordan, LKB, Joyce, W, Keating Daly, CA, Ketchum, JT, Klimley, AP, Kock, AA, Koen, P, Ladino, F, Lana, FO, Lea, JSE, Llewellyn, F, Lyon, WS, MacDonnell, A, Macena, BCL, Marshall, H, McAllister, JD, Queiroz, N, Humphries, NE, Couto, A, Vedor, M, da Costa, I, Sequeira, AMM, Mucientes, G, Santos, AM, Abascal, FJ, Abercrombie, DL, Abrantes, K, Acuña-Marrero, D, Afonso, AS, Afonso, P, Anders, D, Araujo, G, Arauz, R, Bach, P, Barnett, A, Bernal, D, Berumen, ML, Lion, SB, Bezerra, NPA, Blaison, AV, Block, BA, Bond, ME, Bonfil, R, Bradford, RW, Braun, CD, Brooks, EJ, Brooks, A, Brown, J, Bruce, BD, Byrne, ME, Campana, SE, Carlisle, AB, Chapman, DD, Chapple, TK, Chisholm, J, Clarke, CR, Clua, EG, Cochran, JEM, Crochelet, EC, Dagorn, L, Daly, R, Cortés, DD, Doyle, TK, Drew, M, Duffy, CAJ, Erikson, T, Espinoza, E, Ferreira, LC, Ferretti, F, Filmalter, JD, Fischer, GC, Fitzpatrick, R, Fontes, J, Forget, F, Fowler, M, Francis, MP, Gallagher, AJ, Gennari, E, Goldsworthy, SD, Gollock, MJ, Green, JR, Gustafson, JA, Guttridge, TL, Guzman, HM, Hammerschlag, N, Harman, L, Hazin, FHV, Heard, M, Hearn, AR, Holdsworth, JC, Holmes, BJ, Howey, LA, Hoyos, M, Hueter, RE, Hussey, NE, Huveneers, C, Irion, DT, Jacoby, DMP, Jewell, OJD, Johnson, R, Jordan, LKB, Joyce, W, Keating Daly, CA, Ketchum, JT, Klimley, AP, Kock, AA, Koen, P, Ladino, F, Lana, FO, Lea, JSE, Llewellyn, F, Lyon, WS, MacDonnell, A, Macena, BCL, Marshall, H, and McAllister, JD
Published: 2021

23. Reply to: Shark mortality cannot be assessed by fishery overlap alone

Author: Queiroz, N., Humphries, N.E., Couto, A., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Sequeira, A.M.M., Mucientes, G., Santos, A.M., Abascal, F.J., Abercrombie, D.L., Abrantes, K., Acuña-Marrero, D., Afonso, A.S., Afonso, P., Anders, D., Araujo, G., Arauz, R., Bach, P., Barnett, A., Bernal, D., Berumen, M.L., Lion, S.B., Bezerra, N.P.A., Blaison, A.V., Block, B.A., Bond, M.E., Bonfil, R., Bradford, R.W., Braun, C.D., Brooks, E.J., Brooks, A., Brown, J., Bruce, B.D., Byrne, M.E., Campana, S.E., Carlisle, A.B., Chapman, D.D., Chapple, T.K., Chisholm, J., Clarke, C.R., Clua, E.G., Cochran, J.E.M., Crochelet, E.C., Dagorn, L., Daly, R., Cortés, D.D., Doyle, T.K., Drew, M., Duffy, C.A.J., Erikson, T., Espinoza, E., Ferreira, L.C., Ferretti, F., Filmalter, J.D., Fischer, G.C., Fitzpatrick, R., Fontes, J., Forget, F., Fowler, M., Francis, M.P., Gallagher, A.J., Gennari, E., Goldsworthy, S.D., Gollock, M.J., Green, J.R., Gustafson, J.A., Guttridge, T.L., Guzman, H.M., Hammerschlag, N., Harman, L., Hazin, F.H.V., Heard, M., Hearn, A.R., Holdsworth, J.C., Holmes, B.J., Howey, L.A., Hoyos, M., Hueter, R.E., Hussey, N.E., Huveneers, C., Irion, D.T., Jacoby, D.M.P., Jewell, O.J.D., Johnson, R., Jordan, L.K.B., Joyce, W., Keating Daly, C.A., Ketchum, J.T., Klimley, A.P., Kock, A.A., Koen, P., Ladino, F., Lana, F.O., Lea, J.S.E., Llewellyn, F., Lyon, W.S., MacDonnell, A., Macena, B.C.L., Marshall, H., McAllister, J.D., Meÿer, M.A., Morris, J.J., Nelson, E.R., Papastamatiou, Y.P., Peñaherrera-Palma, C., Pierce, S.J., Poisson, F., Quintero, L.M., Richardson, A.J., Rogers, P.J., Rohner, C.A., Rowat, D.R.L., Samoilys, M., Semmens, J.M., Sheaves, M., Shillinger, G., Shivji, M., Singh, S., Skomal, G.B., Smale, M.J., Snyders, L.B., Soler, G., Soria, M., Stehfest, K.M., Thorrold, S.R., Tolotti, M.T., Towner, A., Travassos, P., Tyminski, J.P., Vandeperre, F., Vaudo, J.J., Watanabe, Y.Y., Weber, S.B., Wetherbee, B.M., White, T.D., Williams, S., Zárate, P.M., Harcourt, R., Hays, G.C., Meekan, M.G., Thums, M., Irigoien, X., Eguíluz, V.M., Duarte, C.M., Sousa, L.L., Simpson, S.J., Southall, E.J., Sims, D.W., Queiroz, N., Humphries, N.E., Couto, A., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Sequeira, A.M.M., Mucientes, G., Santos, A.M., Abascal, F.J., Abercrombie, D.L., Abrantes, K., Acuña-Marrero, D., Afonso, A.S., Afonso, P., Anders, D., Araujo, G., Arauz, R., Bach, P., Barnett, A., Bernal, D., Berumen, M.L., Lion, S.B., Bezerra, N.P.A., Blaison, A.V., Block, B.A., Bond, M.E., Bonfil, R., Bradford, R.W., Braun, C.D., Brooks, E.J., Brooks, A., Brown, J., Bruce, B.D., Byrne, M.E., Campana, S.E., Carlisle, A.B., Chapman, D.D., Chapple, T.K., Chisholm, J., Clarke, C.R., Clua, E.G., Cochran, J.E.M., Crochelet, E.C., Dagorn, L., Daly, R., Cortés, D.D., Doyle, T.K., Drew, M., Duffy, C.A.J., Erikson, T., Espinoza, E., Ferreira, L.C., Ferretti, F., Filmalter, J.D., Fischer, G.C., Fitzpatrick, R., Fontes, J., Forget, F., Fowler, M., Francis, M.P., Gallagher, A.J., Gennari, E., Goldsworthy, S.D., Gollock, M.J., Green, J.R., Gustafson, J.A., Guttridge, T.L., Guzman, H.M., Hammerschlag, N., Harman, L., Hazin, F.H.V., Heard, M., Hearn, A.R., Holdsworth, J.C., Holmes, B.J., Howey, L.A., Hoyos, M., Hueter, R.E., Hussey, N.E., Huveneers, C., Irion, D.T., Jacoby, D.M.P., Jewell, O.J.D., Johnson, R., Jordan, L.K.B., Joyce, W., Keating Daly, C.A., Ketchum, J.T., Klimley, A.P., Kock, A.A., Koen, P., Ladino, F., Lana, F.O., Lea, J.S.E., Llewellyn, F., Lyon, W.S., MacDonnell, A., Macena, B.C.L., Marshall, H., McAllister, J.D., Meÿer, M.A., Morris, J.J., Nelson, E.R., Papastamatiou, Y.P., Peñaherrera-Palma, C., Pierce, S.J., Poisson, F., Quintero, L.M., Richardson, A.J., Rogers, P.J., Rohner, C.A., Rowat, D.R.L., Samoilys, M., Semmens, J.M., Sheaves, M., Shillinger, G., Shivji, M., Singh, S., Skomal, G.B., Smale, M.J., Snyders, L.B., Soler, G., Soria, M., Stehfest, K.M., Thorrold, S.R., Tolotti, M.T., Towner, A., Travassos, P., Tyminski, J.P., Vandeperre, F., Vaudo, J.J., Watanabe, Y.Y., Weber, S.B., Wetherbee, B.M., White, T.D., Williams, S., Zárate, P.M., Harcourt, R., Hays, G.C., Meekan, M.G., Thums, M., Irigoien, X., Eguíluz, V.M., Duarte, C.M., Sousa, L.L., Simpson, S.J., Southall, E.J., and Sims, D.W.
Published: 2021

24. Reply to: Caution over the use of ecological big data for conservation

Author: Queiroz, N., Humphries, N.E., Couto, A., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Sequeira, A.M.M., Mucientes, G., Santos, A.M., Abascal, F.J., Abercrombie, D.L., Abrantes, K., Acuña-Marrero, D., Afonso, A.S., Afonso, P., Anders, D., Araujo, G., Arauz, R., Bach, P., Barnett, A., Bernal, D., Berumen, M.L., Lion, S.B., Bezerra, N.P.A., Blaison, A.V., Block, B.A., Bond, M.E., Bonfil, R., Braun, C.D., Brooks, E.J., Brooks, A., Brown, J., Byrne, M.E., Campana, S.E., Carlisle, A.B., Chapman, D.D., Chapple, T.K., Chisholm, J., Clarke, C.R., Clua, E.G., Cochran, J.E.M., Crochelet, E.C., Dagorn, L., Daly, R., Cortés, D.D., Doyle, T.K., Drew, M., Duffy, C.A.J., Erikson, T., Espinoza, E., Ferreira, L.C., Ferretti, F., Filmalter, J.D., Fischer, G.C., Fitzpatrick, R., Fontes, J., Forget, F., Fowler, M., Francis, M.P., Gallagher, A.J., Gennari, E., Goldsworthy, S.D., Gollock, M.J., Green, J.R., Gustafson, J.A., Guttridge, T.L., Guzman, H.M., Hammerschlag, N., Harman, L., Hazin, F. H.V., Heard, M., Hearn, A.R., Holdsworth, J.C., Holmes, B.J., Howey, L.A., Hoyos, M., Hueter, R.E., Hussey, N.E., Huveneers, C., Irion, D.T., Jacoby, D.M.P., Jewell, O.J.D., Johnson, R., Jordan, L.K.B., Joyce, W., Keating Daly, C.A., Ketchum, J.T., Klimley, A.P., Kock, A.A., Koen, P., Ladino, F., Lana, F.O., Lea, J.S.E., Llewellyn, F., Lyon, W.S., MacDonnell, A., Macena, B.C.L., Marshall, H., McAllister, J.D., Meÿer, M.A., Morris, J.J., Nelson, E.R., Papastamatiou, Y.P., Peñaherrera-Palma, C., Pierce, S.J., Poisson, F., Quintero, L.M., Richardson, A.J., Rogers, P.J., Rohner, C.A., Rowat, D.R.L., Samoilys, M., Semmens, J.M., Sheaves, M., Shillinger, G., Shivji, M., Singh, S., Skomal, G.B., Smale, M.J., Snyders, L.B., Soler, G., Soria, M., Stehfest, K.M., Thorrold, S.R., Tolotti, M.T., Towner, A., Travassos, P., Tyminski, J.P., Vandeperre, F., Vaudo, J.J., Watanabe, Y.Y., Weber, S.B., Wetherbee, B.M., White, T.D., Williams, S., Zárate, P.M., Harcourt, R., Hays, G.C., Meekan, M.G., Thums, M., Irigoien, X., Eguiluz, V.M., Duarte, C.M., Sousa, L.L., Simpson, S.J., Southall, E.J., Sims, D.W., Queiroz, N., Humphries, N.E., Couto, A., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Sequeira, A.M.M., Mucientes, G., Santos, A.M., Abascal, F.J., Abercrombie, D.L., Abrantes, K., Acuña-Marrero, D., Afonso, A.S., Afonso, P., Anders, D., Araujo, G., Arauz, R., Bach, P., Barnett, A., Bernal, D., Berumen, M.L., Lion, S.B., Bezerra, N.P.A., Blaison, A.V., Block, B.A., Bond, M.E., Bonfil, R., Braun, C.D., Brooks, E.J., Brooks, A., Brown, J., Byrne, M.E., Campana, S.E., Carlisle, A.B., Chapman, D.D., Chapple, T.K., Chisholm, J., Clarke, C.R., Clua, E.G., Cochran, J.E.M., Crochelet, E.C., Dagorn, L., Daly, R., Cortés, D.D., Doyle, T.K., Drew, M., Duffy, C.A.J., Erikson, T., Espinoza, E., Ferreira, L.C., Ferretti, F., Filmalter, J.D., Fischer, G.C., Fitzpatrick, R., Fontes, J., Forget, F., Fowler, M., Francis, M.P., Gallagher, A.J., Gennari, E., Goldsworthy, S.D., Gollock, M.J., Green, J.R., Gustafson, J.A., Guttridge, T.L., Guzman, H.M., Hammerschlag, N., Harman, L., Hazin, F. H.V., Heard, M., Hearn, A.R., Holdsworth, J.C., Holmes, B.J., Howey, L.A., Hoyos, M., Hueter, R.E., Hussey, N.E., Huveneers, C., Irion, D.T., Jacoby, D.M.P., Jewell, O.J.D., Johnson, R., Jordan, L.K.B., Joyce, W., Keating Daly, C.A., Ketchum, J.T., Klimley, A.P., Kock, A.A., Koen, P., Ladino, F., Lana, F.O., Lea, J.S.E., Llewellyn, F., Lyon, W.S., MacDonnell, A., Macena, B.C.L., Marshall, H., McAllister, J.D., Meÿer, M.A., Morris, J.J., Nelson, E.R., Papastamatiou, Y.P., Peñaherrera-Palma, C., Pierce, S.J., Poisson, F., Quintero, L.M., Richardson, A.J., Rogers, P.J., Rohner, C.A., Rowat, D.R.L., Samoilys, M., Semmens, J.M., Sheaves, M., Shillinger, G., Shivji, M., Singh, S., Skomal, G.B., Smale, M.J., Snyders, L.B., Soler, G., Soria, M., Stehfest, K.M., Thorrold, S.R., Tolotti, M.T., Towner, A., Travassos, P., Tyminski, J.P., Vandeperre, F., Vaudo, J.J., Watanabe, Y.Y., Weber, S.B., Wetherbee, B.M., White, T.D., Williams, S., Zárate, P.M., Harcourt, R., Hays, G.C., Meekan, M.G., Thums, M., Irigoien, X., Eguiluz, V.M., Duarte, C.M., Sousa, L.L., Simpson, S.J., Southall, E.J., and Sims, D.W.
Abstract: Our global analysis1 estimated the overlap and fishing exposure risk (FEI) using the space use of satellite-tracked sharks and longline fishing effort monitored by the automatic identification system (AIS)...
Published: 2021

25. A genomic catalog of Earth’s microbiomes

Author: Nayfach, S, Roux, S, Seshadri, R, Udwary, D, Varghese, N, Schulz, F, Wu, D, Paez-Espino, D, Chen, IM, Huntemann, M, Palaniappan, K, Ladau, J, Mukherjee, S, Reddy, TBK, Nielsen, T, Kirton, E, Faria, JP, Edirisinghe, JN, Henry, CS, Jungbluth, SP, Chivian, D, Dehal, P, Wood-Charlson, EM, Arkin, AP, Tringe, SG, Visel, A, Abreu, H, Acinas, SG, Allen, E, Allen, MA, Alteio, LV, Andersen, G, Anesio, AM, Attwood, G, Avila-Magaña, V, Badis, Y, Bailey, J, Baker, B, Baldrian, P, Barton, HA, Beck, DAC, Becraft, ED, Beller, HR, Beman, JM, Bernier-Latmani, R, Berry, TD, Bertagnolli, A, Bertilsson, S, Bhatnagar, JM, Bird, JT, Blanchard, JL, Blumer-Schuette, SE, Bohannan, B, Borton, MA, Brady, A, Brawley, SH, Brodie, J, Brown, S, Brum, JR, Brune, A, Bryant, DA, Buchan, A, Buckley, DH, Buongiorno, J, Cadillo-Quiroz, H, Caffrey, SM, Campbell, AN, Campbell, B, Carr, S, Carroll, JL, Cary, SC, Cates, AM, Cattolico, RA, Cavicchioli, R, Chistoserdova, L, Coleman, ML, Constant, P, Conway, JM, Mac Cormack, WP, Crowe, S, Crump, B, Currie, C, Daly, R, DeAngelis, KM, Denef, V, Denman, SE, Desta, A, Dionisi, H, Dodsworth, J, Dombrowski, N, Donohue, T, Dopson, M, Driscoll, T, Dunfield, P, Dupont, CL, Dynarski, KA, Edgcomb, V, Edwards, EA, Elshahed, MS, Figueroa, I, Nayfach, S, Roux, S, Seshadri, R, Udwary, D, Varghese, N, Schulz, F, Wu, D, Paez-Espino, D, Chen, IM, Huntemann, M, Palaniappan, K, Ladau, J, Mukherjee, S, Reddy, TBK, Nielsen, T, Kirton, E, Faria, JP, Edirisinghe, JN, Henry, CS, Jungbluth, SP, Chivian, D, Dehal, P, Wood-Charlson, EM, Arkin, AP, Tringe, SG, Visel, A, Abreu, H, Acinas, SG, Allen, E, Allen, MA, Alteio, LV, Andersen, G, Anesio, AM, Attwood, G, Avila-Magaña, V, Badis, Y, Bailey, J, Baker, B, Baldrian, P, Barton, HA, Beck, DAC, Becraft, ED, Beller, HR, Beman, JM, Bernier-Latmani, R, Berry, TD, Bertagnolli, A, Bertilsson, S, Bhatnagar, JM, Bird, JT, Blanchard, JL, Blumer-Schuette, SE, Bohannan, B, Borton, MA, Brady, A, Brawley, SH, Brodie, J, Brown, S, Brum, JR, Brune, A, Bryant, DA, Buchan, A, Buckley, DH, Buongiorno, J, Cadillo-Quiroz, H, Caffrey, SM, Campbell, AN, Campbell, B, Carr, S, Carroll, JL, Cary, SC, Cates, AM, Cattolico, RA, Cavicchioli, R, Chistoserdova, L, Coleman, ML, Constant, P, Conway, JM, Mac Cormack, WP, Crowe, S, Crump, B, Currie, C, Daly, R, DeAngelis, KM, Denef, V, Denman, SE, Desta, A, Dionisi, H, Dodsworth, J, Dombrowski, N, Donohue, T, Dopson, M, Driscoll, T, Dunfield, P, Dupont, CL, Dynarski, KA, Edgcomb, V, Edwards, EA, Elshahed, MS, and Figueroa, I
Abstract: The reconstruction of bacterial and archaeal genomes from shotgun metagenomes has enabled insights into the ecology and evolution of environmental and host-associated microbiomes. Here we applied this approach to >10,000 metagenomes collected from diverse habitats covering all of Earth’s continents and oceans, including metagenomes from human and animal hosts, engineered environments, and natural and agricultural soils, to capture extant microbial, metabolic and functional potential. This comprehensive catalog includes 52,515 metagenome-assembled genomes representing 12,556 novel candidate species-level operational taxonomic units spanning 135 phyla. The catalog expands the known phylogenetic diversity of bacteria and archaea by 44% and is broadly available for streamlined comparative analyses, interactive exploration, metabolic modeling and bulk download. We demonstrate the utility of this collection for understanding secondary-metabolite biosynthetic potential and for resolving thousands of new host linkages to uncultivated viruses. This resource underscores the value of genome-centric approaches for revealing genomic properties of uncultivated microorganisms that affect ecosystem processes.
Published: 2021

26. Author Correction: A genomic catalog of Earth’s microbiomes (Nature Biotechnology, (2021), 39, 4, (499-509), 10.1038/s41587-020-0718-6)

Author: Nayfach, S, Roux, S, Seshadri, R, Udwary, D, Varghese, N, Schulz, F, Wu, D, Paez-Espino, D, Chen, IM, Huntemann, M, Palaniappan, K, Ladau, J, Mukherjee, S, Reddy, TBK, Nielsen, T, Kirton, E, Faria, JP, Edirisinghe, JN, Henry, CS, Jungbluth, SP, Chivian, D, Dehal, P, Wood-Charlson, EM, Arkin, AP, Tringe, SG, Visel, A, Abreu, H, Acinas, SG, Allen, E, Allen, MA, Alteio, LV, Andersen, G, Anesio, AM, Attwood, G, Avila-Magaña, V, Badis, Y, Bailey, J, Baker, B, Baldrian, P, Barton, HA, Beck, DAC, Becraft, ED, Beller, HR, Beman, JM, Bernier-Latmani, R, Berry, TD, Bertagnolli, A, Bertilsson, S, Bhatnagar, JM, Bird, JT, Blanchard, JL, Blumer-Schuette, SE, Bohannan, B, Borton, MA, Brady, A, Brawley, SH, Brodie, J, Brown, S, Brum, JR, Brune, A, Bryant, DA, Buchan, A, Buckley, DH, Buongiorno, J, Cadillo-Quiroz, H, Caffrey, SM, Campbell, AN, Campbell, B, Carr, S, Carroll, JL, Cary, SC, Cates, AM, Cattolico, RA, Cavicchioli, R, Chistoserdova, L, Coleman, ML, Constant, P, Conway, JM, Mac Cormack, WP, Crowe, S, Crump, B, Currie, C, Daly, R, DeAngelis, KM, Denef, V, Denman, SE, Desta, A, Dionisi, H, Dodsworth, J, Dombrowski, N, Donohue, T, Dopson, M, Driscoll, T, Dunfield, P, Dupont, CL, Dynarski, KA, Edgcomb, V, Edwards, EA, Elshahed, MS, Figueroa, I, Nayfach, S, Roux, S, Seshadri, R, Udwary, D, Varghese, N, Schulz, F, Wu, D, Paez-Espino, D, Chen, IM, Huntemann, M, Palaniappan, K, Ladau, J, Mukherjee, S, Reddy, TBK, Nielsen, T, Kirton, E, Faria, JP, Edirisinghe, JN, Henry, CS, Jungbluth, SP, Chivian, D, Dehal, P, Wood-Charlson, EM, Arkin, AP, Tringe, SG, Visel, A, Abreu, H, Acinas, SG, Allen, E, Allen, MA, Alteio, LV, Andersen, G, Anesio, AM, Attwood, G, Avila-Magaña, V, Badis, Y, Bailey, J, Baker, B, Baldrian, P, Barton, HA, Beck, DAC, Becraft, ED, Beller, HR, Beman, JM, Bernier-Latmani, R, Berry, TD, Bertagnolli, A, Bertilsson, S, Bhatnagar, JM, Bird, JT, Blanchard, JL, Blumer-Schuette, SE, Bohannan, B, Borton, MA, Brady, A, Brawley, SH, Brodie, J, Brown, S, Brum, JR, Brune, A, Bryant, DA, Buchan, A, Buckley, DH, Buongiorno, J, Cadillo-Quiroz, H, Caffrey, SM, Campbell, AN, Campbell, B, Carr, S, Carroll, JL, Cary, SC, Cates, AM, Cattolico, RA, Cavicchioli, R, Chistoserdova, L, Coleman, ML, Constant, P, Conway, JM, Mac Cormack, WP, Crowe, S, Crump, B, Currie, C, Daly, R, DeAngelis, KM, Denef, V, Denman, SE, Desta, A, Dionisi, H, Dodsworth, J, Dombrowski, N, Donohue, T, Dopson, M, Driscoll, T, Dunfield, P, Dupont, CL, Dynarski, KA, Edgcomb, V, Edwards, EA, Elshahed, MS, and Figueroa, I
Abstract: In the version of this article initially published, four people were missing from the alphabetical list of IMG/M Data Consortium members: Lauren V. Alteio of the Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Jeffrey L. Blanchard of the Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA; Kristen M. DeAngelis of the Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA; and William Rodriguez-Reillo of the Research Computing Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. The error has been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the article.
Published: 2021

27. Publisher Correction: A genomic catalog of Earth’s microbiomes (Nature Biotechnology, (2021), 39, 4, (499-509), 10.1038/s41587-020-0718-6)

Author: Nayfach, S, Roux, S, Seshadri, R, Udwary, D, Varghese, N, Schulz, F, Wu, D, Paez-Espino, D, Chen, IM, Huntemann, M, Palaniappan, K, Ladau, J, Mukherjee, S, Reddy, TBK, Nielsen, T, Kirton, E, Faria, JP, Edirisinghe, JN, Henry, CS, Jungbluth, SP, Chivian, D, Dehal, P, Wood-Charlson, EM, Arkin, AP, Tringe, SG, Visel, A, Abreu, H, Acinas, SG, Allen, E, Allen, MA, Andersen, G, Anesio, AM, Attwood, G, Avila-Magaña, V, Badis, Y, Bailey, J, Baker, B, Baldrian, P, Barton, HA, Beck, DAC, Becraft, ED, Beller, HR, Beman, JM, Bernier-Latmani, R, Berry, TD, Bertagnolli, A, Bertilsson, S, Bhatnagar, JM, Bird, JT, Blumer-Schuette, SE, Bohannan, B, Borton, MA, Brady, A, Brawley, SH, Brodie, J, Brown, S, Brum, JR, Brune, A, Bryant, DA, Buchan, A, Buckley, DH, Buongiorno, J, Cadillo-Quiroz, H, Caffrey, SM, Campbell, AN, Campbell, B, Carr, S, Carroll, JL, Cary, SC, Cates, AM, Cattolico, RA, Cavicchioli, R, Chistoserdova, L, Coleman, ML, Constant, P, Conway, JM, Mac Cormack, WP, Crowe, S, Crump, B, Currie, C, Daly, R, Denef, V, Denman, SE, Desta, A, Dionisi, H, Dodsworth, J, Dombrowski, N, Donohue, T, Dopson, M, Driscoll, T, Dunfield, P, Dupont, CL, Dynarski, KA, Edgcomb, V, Edwards, EA, Elshahed, MS, Figueroa, I, Flood, B, Fortney, N, Fortunato, CS, Nayfach, S, Roux, S, Seshadri, R, Udwary, D, Varghese, N, Schulz, F, Wu, D, Paez-Espino, D, Chen, IM, Huntemann, M, Palaniappan, K, Ladau, J, Mukherjee, S, Reddy, TBK, Nielsen, T, Kirton, E, Faria, JP, Edirisinghe, JN, Henry, CS, Jungbluth, SP, Chivian, D, Dehal, P, Wood-Charlson, EM, Arkin, AP, Tringe, SG, Visel, A, Abreu, H, Acinas, SG, Allen, E, Allen, MA, Andersen, G, Anesio, AM, Attwood, G, Avila-Magaña, V, Badis, Y, Bailey, J, Baker, B, Baldrian, P, Barton, HA, Beck, DAC, Becraft, ED, Beller, HR, Beman, JM, Bernier-Latmani, R, Berry, TD, Bertagnolli, A, Bertilsson, S, Bhatnagar, JM, Bird, JT, Blumer-Schuette, SE, Bohannan, B, Borton, MA, Brady, A, Brawley, SH, Brodie, J, Brown, S, Brum, JR, Brune, A, Bryant, DA, Buchan, A, Buckley, DH, Buongiorno, J, Cadillo-Quiroz, H, Caffrey, SM, Campbell, AN, Campbell, B, Carr, S, Carroll, JL, Cary, SC, Cates, AM, Cattolico, RA, Cavicchioli, R, Chistoserdova, L, Coleman, ML, Constant, P, Conway, JM, Mac Cormack, WP, Crowe, S, Crump, B, Currie, C, Daly, R, Denef, V, Denman, SE, Desta, A, Dionisi, H, Dodsworth, J, Dombrowski, N, Donohue, T, Dopson, M, Driscoll, T, Dunfield, P, Dupont, CL, Dynarski, KA, Edgcomb, V, Edwards, EA, Elshahed, MS, Figueroa, I, Flood, B, Fortney, N, and Fortunato, CS
Abstract: This paper was originally published under standard Springer Nature copyright (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.). It is now available as an open-access paper under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. The error has been corrected in the print, HTML and PDF versions of the article.
Published: 2021

28. Evaluating the constraints governing activity patterns of a coastal marine top predator

Author: Byrnes, E.E., Daly, R., Leos-Barajas, V., Langrock, R., Gleiss, A.C., Byrnes, E.E., Daly, R., Leos-Barajas, V., Langrock, R., and Gleiss, A.C.
Abstract: How animals partition activity throughout the day is influenced by processes that affect supply and obtainability of resources. However, as resource supply and usability are often entrained by the same diurnal pattern, it has been difficult to disentangle their relative importance. Given the strong influence that tide has on the distribution and accessibility of resources, intertidal systems present opportunities to examine questions surrounding the drivers of activity patterns. Here, we used multisensory biologgers to study the activity patterns of a coastal marine predator, sicklefin lemon sharks (Negaprion acutidens), in a tidally driven environment. Hidden Markov models were used to identify relatively high and low locomotory activity states, which were used as proxies for behavioural–activity states and to examine the factors underpinning variation in activity patterns. Although tide governs the spatial distributions of this species and showed some effect on sharks’ activity, diurnal light patterns were the predominant factor influencing behavioural-activity patterns, with the probability of high activity peaking overnight. Temperature and body size also had minor negative influences on the probability of animals being in the high-activity state. Interestingly, sharks were least likely to be in a high-activity state during high tide, a time of presumed high resource supply, contradicting the common assumption that this species forages during high tide. We suggest that despite the importance of the accessibility of resources, functional constraints, such as sensory (e.g., visual) and mechanical (e.g., swimming) performance ultimately underpin the activity patterns of intertidal marine predators through their influence on foraging success.
Published: 2021

29. Cavin3 released from caveolae interacts with BRCA1 to regulate the cellular stress response

Author: Mcmahon, K-A, Stroud, DA, Gambin, Y, Tillu, V, Bastiani, M, Sierecki, E, Polinkovsky, ME, Hall, TE, Gomez, GA, Wu, Y, Parat, M-O, Martel, N, Lo, HP, Khanna, KK, Alexandrov, K, Daly, R, Yap, A, Ryan, MT, Parton, RG, Mcmahon, K-A, Stroud, DA, Gambin, Y, Tillu, V, Bastiani, M, Sierecki, E, Polinkovsky, ME, Hall, TE, Gomez, GA, Wu, Y, Parat, M-O, Martel, N, Lo, HP, Khanna, KK, Alexandrov, K, Daly, R, Yap, A, Ryan, MT, and Parton, RG
Abstract: Caveolae-associated protein 3 (cavin3) is inactivated in most cancers. We characterized how cavin3 affects the cellular proteome using genome-edited cells together with label-free quantitative proteomics. These studies revealed a prominent role for cavin3 in DNA repair, with BRCA1 and BRCA1 A-complex components being downregulated on cavin3 deletion. Cellular and cell-free expression assays revealed a direct interaction between BRCA1 and cavin3 that occurs when cavin3 is released from caveolae that are disassembled in response to UV and mechanical stress. Overexpression and RNAi-depletion revealed that cavin3 sensitized various cancer cells to UV-induced apoptosis. Supporting a role in DNA repair, cavin3-deficient cells were sensitive to PARP inhibition, where concomitant depletion of 53BP1 restored BRCA1-dependent sensitivity to PARP inhibition. We conclude that cavin3 functions together with BRCA1 in multiple cancer-related pathways. The loss of cavin3 function may provide tumor cell survival by attenuating apoptotic sensitivity and hindering DNA repair under chronic stress conditions.
Published: 2021

30. The Australian and New Zealand Society for Sarcopenia and Frailty Research (ANZSSFR) Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Management Task Force: Findings from the expert Delphi process

Author: Zanker, J, Sim, M, Brennan-Olsen, S, Duque, G, Hayes, A, Henwood, T, Hirani, V, Iuliano, S, Keogh, J, Lewis, J, Pasco, JA, Reijnierse, E, Russell, N, Visvanathan, R, Walker, T, Waters, D, Yu, S, Maier, A, Daly, R, Scott, D, Zanker, J, Sim, M, Brennan-Olsen, S, Duque, G, Hayes, A, Henwood, T, Hirani, V, Iuliano, S, Keogh, J, Lewis, J, Pasco, JA, Reijnierse, E, Russell, N, Visvanathan, R, Walker, T, Waters, D, Yu, S, Maier, A, Daly, R, and Scott, D
Published: 2021

31. The Australian and New Zealand Society for Sarcopenia and Frailty Research (ANZSSFR) Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Management Task Force: Findings from the consumer Delphi process

Author: Zanker, J, Sim, M, Brennan-Olsen, S, Duque, G, Hayes, A, Henwood, T, Hirani, V, Iuliano, S, Keogh, J, Lewis, J, Pasco, JA, Reijnierse, E, Russell, N, Visvanathan, R, Walker, T, Waters, D, Yu, S, Maier, A, Daly, R, Scott, D, Zanker, J, Sim, M, Brennan-Olsen, S, Duque, G, Hayes, A, Henwood, T, Hirani, V, Iuliano, S, Keogh, J, Lewis, J, Pasco, JA, Reijnierse, E, Russell, N, Visvanathan, R, Walker, T, Waters, D, Yu, S, Maier, A, Daly, R, and Scott, D
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop guidelines, informed by health-care consumer values and preferences, for sarcopenia prevention, assessment and management for use by clinicians and researchers in Australia and New Zealand. METHODS: A three-phase Consumer Expert Delphi process was undertaken between July 2020 and August 2021. Consumer experts included adults with lived experience of sarcopenia or health-care utilisation. Phase 1 involved a structured meeting of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Sarcopenia and Frailty Research (ANZSSFR) Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Management Task Force and consumer representatives from which the Phase 2 survey was developed. In Phase 2, consumers from Australia and New Zealand were surveyed online with opinions sought on sarcopenia outcome priorities, consultation preferences and interventions. Findings were confirmed and disseminated in Phase 3. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: Twenty-four consumers (mean ± standard deviation age 67.5 ± 12.8 years, 18 women) participated in Phase 2. Ten (42%) identified as being interested in sarcopenia, 7 (29%) were health-care consumers and 6 (25%) self-reported having/believing they have sarcopenia. Consumers identified physical performance, living circumstances, morale, quality of life and social connectedness as the most important outcomes related to sarcopenia. Consumers either had no preference (46%) or preferred their doctor (40%) to diagnose sarcopenia and preferred to undergo assessments at least yearly (54%). For prevention and treatment, 46% of consumers preferred resistance exercise, 2-3 times per week (54%). CONCLUSIONS: Consumer preferences reported in this study can inform the implementation of sarcopenia guidelines into clinical practice at local, state and national levels across Australia and New Zealand.
Published: 2021

32. Chromium Isotopic Evidence for Mixing of NC and CC Reservoirs in Polymict Ureilites: Implications for Dynamical Models of the Early Solar System.

Author: Goodrich, Cyrena A, Goodrich, Cyrena A, Sanborn, Matthew E, Yin, Qing-Zhu, Kohl, Issaku, Frank, David, Daly, R Terik, Walsh, Kevin J, Zolensky, Michael E, Young, Edward RD, Jenniskens, Peter, Shaddad, Muawia H, Goodrich, Cyrena A, Goodrich, Cyrena A, Sanborn, Matthew E, Yin, Qing-Zhu, Kohl, Issaku, Frank, David, Daly, R Terik, Walsh, Kevin J, Zolensky, Michael E, Young, Edward RD, Jenniskens, Peter, and Shaddad, Muawia H
Abstract: Nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies show that the first few million years of solar system history were characterized by two distinct cosmochemical reservoirs, CC (carbonaceous chondrites and related differentiated meteorites) and NC (the terrestrial planets and all other groups of chondrites and differentiated meteorites), widely interpreted to correspond to the outer and inner solar system, respectively. At some point, however, bulk CC and NC materials became mixed, and several dynamical models offer explanations for how and when this occurred. We use xenoliths of CC materials in polymict ureilite (NC) breccias to test the applicability of such models. Polymict ureilites represent regolith on ureilitic asteroids but contain carbonaceous chondrite-like xenoliths. We present the first 54Cr isotope data for such clasts, which, combined with oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, show that they are unique CC materials that became mixed with NC materials in these breccias. It has been suggested that such xenoliths were implanted into ureilites by outer solar system bodies migrating into the inner solar system during the gaseous disk phase ~3-5 Myr after CAI, as in the "Grand Tack" model. However, combined textural, petrologic, and spectroscopic observations suggest that they were added to ureilitic regolith at ~50-60 Myr after CAI, along with ordinary, enstatite, and Rumuruti-type chondrites, as a result of breakup of multiple parent bodies in the asteroid belt at this time. This is consistent with models for an early instability of the giant planets. The C-type asteroids from which the xenoliths were derived were already present in inner solar system orbits.
Published: 2021

33. Cloning of oestrogen regulated mRNA from human breast cancer cells

Author: Daly, R. J.
Subjects: 572.8, Cell regulation by steroids
Published: 1988

34. Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries

Author: Queiroz, N., Humphries, N.E., Couto, A., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Sequeira, A.M.M., Mucientes, G., Santos, A.M., Abascal, F.J., Abercrombie, D.L., Abrantes, K., Acuña-Marrero, D., Afonso, A.S., Afonso, P., Anders, D., Araujo, G., Arauz, R., Bach, P., Barnett, A., Bernal, D., Berumen, M.L., Bessudo Lion, S., Bezerra, N.P.A., Blaison, A.V., Block, B.A., Bond, M.E., Bonfil, R., Bradford, R.W., Braun, C.D., Brooks, E.J., Brooks, A., Brown, J., Bruce, B.D., Byrne, M.E., Campana, S.E., Carlisle, A.B., Chapman, D.D., Chapple, T.K., Chisholm, J., Clarke, C.R., Clua, E.G., Cochran, J.E.M., Crochelet, E.C., Dagorn, L., Daly, R., Cortés, D.D., Doyle, T.K., Drew, M., Duffy, C.A.J., Erikson, T., Espinoza, E., Ferreira, L.C., Ferretti, F., Filmalter, J.D., Fischer, G.C., Fitzpatrick, R., Fontes, J., Forget, F., Fowler, M., Francis, M.P., Gallagher, A.J., Gennari, E., Goldsworthy, S.D., Gollock, M.J., Green, J.R., Gustafson, J.A., Guttridge, T.L., Guzman, H.M., Hammerschlag, N., Harman, L., Hazin, F.H.V., Heard, M., Hearn, A.R., Holdsworth, J.C., Holmes, B.J., Howey, L.A., Hoyos, M., Hueter, R.E., Hussey, N.E., Huveneers, C., Irion, D.T., Jacoby, D.M.P., Jewell, O.J.D., Johnson, R., Jordan, L.K.B., Jorgensen, S.J., Joyce, W., Keating Daly, C.A., Ketchum, J.T., Klimley, A.P., Kock, A.A., Koen, P., Ladino, F., Lana, F.O., Lea, J.S.E., Llewellyn, F., Lyon, W.S., MacDonnell, A., Macena, B.C.L., Marshall, H., McAllister, J.D., McAuley, R., Meÿer, M.A., Morris, J.J., Nelson, E.R., Papastamatiou, Y.P., Patterson, T.A., Peñaherrera-Palma, C., Pepperell, J.G., Pierce, S.J., Poisson, F., Quintero, L.M., Richardson, A.J., Rogers, P.J., Rohner, C.A., Rowat, D.R.L., Samoilys, M., Semmens, J.M., Sheaves, M., Shillinger, G., Shivji, M., Singh, S., Skomal, G.B., Smale, M.J., Snyders, L.B., Soler, G., Soria, M., Stehfest, K.M., Stevens, J.D., Thorrold, S.R., Tolotti, M.T., Towner, A., Travassos, P., Tyminski, J.P., Vandeperre, F., Vaudo, J.J., Watanabe, Y.Y., Weber, S.B., Wetherbee, B.M., White, T.D., Williams, S., Zárate, P.M., Harcourt, R., Hays, G.C., Meekan, M.G., Thums, M., Irigoien, X., Eguíluz, V.M., Duarte, C.M., Sousa, L.L., Simpson, S.J., Southall, E.J., Sims, D.W., Queiroz, N., Humphries, N.E., Couto, A., Vedor, M., da Costa, I., Sequeira, A.M.M., Mucientes, G., Santos, A.M., Abascal, F.J., Abercrombie, D.L., Abrantes, K., Acuña-Marrero, D., Afonso, A.S., Afonso, P., Anders, D., Araujo, G., Arauz, R., Bach, P., Barnett, A., Bernal, D., Berumen, M.L., Bessudo Lion, S., Bezerra, N.P.A., Blaison, A.V., Block, B.A., Bond, M.E., Bonfil, R., Bradford, R.W., Braun, C.D., Brooks, E.J., Brooks, A., Brown, J., Bruce, B.D., Byrne, M.E., Campana, S.E., Carlisle, A.B., Chapman, D.D., Chapple, T.K., Chisholm, J., Clarke, C.R., Clua, E.G., Cochran, J.E.M., Crochelet, E.C., Dagorn, L., Daly, R., Cortés, D.D., Doyle, T.K., Drew, M., Duffy, C.A.J., Erikson, T., Espinoza, E., Ferreira, L.C., Ferretti, F., Filmalter, J.D., Fischer, G.C., Fitzpatrick, R., Fontes, J., Forget, F., Fowler, M., Francis, M.P., Gallagher, A.J., Gennari, E., Goldsworthy, S.D., Gollock, M.J., Green, J.R., Gustafson, J.A., Guttridge, T.L., Guzman, H.M., Hammerschlag, N., Harman, L., Hazin, F.H.V., Heard, M., Hearn, A.R., Holdsworth, J.C., Holmes, B.J., Howey, L.A., Hoyos, M., Hueter, R.E., Hussey, N.E., Huveneers, C., Irion, D.T., Jacoby, D.M.P., Jewell, O.J.D., Johnson, R., Jordan, L.K.B., Jorgensen, S.J., Joyce, W., Keating Daly, C.A., Ketchum, J.T., Klimley, A.P., Kock, A.A., Koen, P., Ladino, F., Lana, F.O., Lea, J.S.E., Llewellyn, F., Lyon, W.S., MacDonnell, A., Macena, B.C.L., Marshall, H., McAllister, J.D., McAuley, R., Meÿer, M.A., Morris, J.J., Nelson, E.R., Papastamatiou, Y.P., Patterson, T.A., Peñaherrera-Palma, C., Pepperell, J.G., Pierce, S.J., Poisson, F., Quintero, L.M., Richardson, A.J., Rogers, P.J., Rohner, C.A., Rowat, D.R.L., Samoilys, M., Semmens, J.M., Sheaves, M., Shillinger, G., Shivji, M., Singh, S., Skomal, G.B., Smale, M.J., Snyders, L.B., Soler, G., Soria, M., Stehfest, K.M., Stevens, J.D., Thorrold, S.R., Tolotti, M.T., Towner, A., Travassos, P., Tyminski, J.P., Vandeperre, F., Vaudo, J.J., Watanabe, Y.Y., Weber, S.B., Wetherbee, B.M., White, T.D., Williams, S., Zárate, P.M., Harcourt, R., Hays, G.C., Meekan, M.G., Thums, M., Irigoien, X., Eguíluz, V.M., Duarte, C.M., Sousa, L.L., Simpson, S.J., Southall, E.J., and Sims, D.W.
Abstract: Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis affecting humans and a wide range of domesticated and wild animal species. An important element for effective disease containment is to improve knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of afflicted communities. This study aimed to assess the KAP related to brucellosis at the human–animal interface in an endemic area of Egypt and to identify the risk factors for human infection. A matched case–control study was conducted at the central fever hospitals located in six governorates in northern Egypt. Face‐to‐face interviews with cases and controls were conducted using a structured questionnaire. In total, 40.7% of the participants owned farm animals in their households. The overall mean practice score regarding animal husbandry, processing and consumption of milk and dairy products were significantly lower among cases compared with controls (−12.7 ± 18.1 vs. 0.68 ± 14.2, respectively; p < .001). Perceived barriers for notification of animal infection/abortion were predominate among cases and positively correlated with participants’ education. The predictors of having brucellosis infection were consumption of unpasteurized milk or raw dairy products and practicing animal husbandry. Applying protective measures against infection significantly reduced its risk. A model predicting risk factors for brucellosis among those who own animal showed that frequent abortions per animal increased the chance for brucellosis infection among human cases by 50‐fold (95% CI: 8.8–276.9), whereas the use of protective measures in animal care reduced the odds (OR = 0.11 [95% CI: 0.03–0.45]). In conclusion, consumption of unprocessed dairy products was equally important as contact with infected/aborted animals as major risk factors for Brucella spp. infection among humans in Egypt. There is poor knowledge, negative attitudes and risky behaviours among villagers which can perpetuate the risk of brucellosis transmission at the human–animal interface.
Published: 2019

35. Assessing the effects of sampling frequency on behavioural classification of accelerometer data

Author: Hounslow, J.L., Brewster, L.R., Lear, K.O., Guttridge, T.L., Daly, R., Whitney, N.M., Gleiss, A.C., Hounslow, J.L., Brewster, L.R., Lear, K.O., Guttridge, T.L., Daly, R., Whitney, N.M., and Gleiss, A.C.
Abstract: Understanding the behaviours of free-ranging animals over biologically meaningful time scales (e.g., diel, tidal, lunar, seasonal, annual) gives unique insight into their ecology. Bio-logging tools such as accelerometers allow the remote study of elusive or inaccessible animals by recording high resolution movement data. Machine learning (ML) is becoming a common tool for automatic classification of behaviours from these types of large data sets. These classifiers often perform best using high sampling frequencies; however, these frequencies also limit archival device recording duration through elevated battery and memory use. In this study we assess the effect of sampling frequency on a ML algorithm's ability to correctly classify behaviours from accelerometer data and present a framework for programming bio-logging devices that maintains classifier performance while optimizing data collection duration. Accelerometer data (30 Hz) were collected from juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) during semi-captive trials at Bimini, Bahamas, and were ground-truthed to a discrete catalogue of behaviours through direct observation of sharks during trials. The ground-truthed data were re-sampled to a range of sampling frequencies (30, 15, 10, 5, 3 and 1 Hz) and behaviours (swim, rest, burst, chafe, headshake) were classified using a random forest ML algorithm. We demonstrate that as sampling frequency decreases, classifier performance decreases. Best overall classification was achieved at 30 Hz (F-score > 0.790), although 5 Hz was appropriate for classification of swim and rest (F-score > 0.964). For fine-scale behaviours characterised by faster kinematics (headshake, burst and chafe), classification performance was lower across the entire range of sampling frequencies (0.535–0.846, 1–30 Hz), though did not decrease significantly until sampling frequency was <5 Hz. We discuss the effects of signal aliasing and recommend that for best classification of fine-scale behav
Published: 2019

36. New Host Record for the Marine Leech, Pontobdella macrothela (Hirudinida: Piscicolidae) from Sicklefin Lemon Sharks, Negaprion acutidens (Chondrichthyes: Carcharinidae) in St. Joseph Atoll, Republic of Seychelles, West Indian Ocean

Author: Daly, R., Keating-Daly, C.A., Hounslow, J.L., Byrnes, E.E., Daly, R., Keating-Daly, C.A., Hounslow, J.L., and Byrnes, E.E.
Abstract: Two specimens of the marine leech Pontobdella macrothela were found parasitizing the carcharhinid shark, Negaprion acutidens, at St. Joseph Atoll, Amirantes, Republic of Seychelles. This report presents the first record of this piscicolid leech from N. acutidens and is one of the few records of P. macrothela in the West Indian Ocean.
Published: 2019

37. Nutritional Influences on Bone Health

Author: Weaver, Connie M, Bischoff-Ferrari, H A, Daly, Robin M, Wong, Man-Sau, Weaver, C M ( Connie M ), Bischoff-Ferrari, H A ( H A ), Daly, R M ( Robin M ), Wong, M ( Man-Sau ), Weaver, Connie M, Bischoff-Ferrari, H A, Daly, Robin M, Wong, Man-Sau, Weaver, C M ( Connie M ), Bischoff-Ferrari, H A ( H A ), Daly, R M ( Robin M ), and Wong, M ( Man-Sau )
Published: 2019

38. In silico optimization of mass spectrometry fragmentation strategies in metabolomics

Author: Wandy, Joe, Davies, Vinny, Van Der Hooft, Justin J.J., Weidt, Stefan, Daly, R., Rogers, Simon, Wandy, Joe, Davies, Vinny, Van Der Hooft, Justin J.J., Weidt, Stefan, Daly, R., and Rogers, Simon
Abstract: Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is widely used in identifying small molecules in untargeted metabolomics. Various strategies exist to acquire MS/MS fragmentation spectra; however, the development of new acquisition strategies is hampered by the lack of simulators that let researchers prototype, compare, and optimize strategies before validations on real machines. We introduce Virtual Metabolomics Mass Spectrometer (ViMMS), a metabolomics LC-MS/MS simulator framework that allows for scan-level control of the MS2 acquisition process in silico. ViMMS can generate new LC-MS/MS data based on empirical data or virtually re-run a previous LC-MS/MS analysis using pre-existing data to allow the testing of different fragmentation strategies. To demonstrate its utility, we show how ViMMS can be used to optimize N for Top-N data-dependent acquisition (DDA) acquisition, giving results comparable to modifying N on the mass spectrometer. We expect that ViMMS will save method development time by allowing for offline evaluation of novel fragmentation strategies and optimization of the fragmentation strategy for a particular experiment.
Published: 2019

39. Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in a nationally-representative sample of adults participating in the 2011-2013 Australian Health Survey

Author: Malacova, Eva, Cheang, P., Dunlop, E., Sherriff, Jill, Lucas, R., Daly, R., Nowson, C., Black, Lucinda, Malacova, Eva, Cheang, P., Dunlop, E., Sherriff, Jill, Lucas, R., Daly, R., Nowson, C., and Black, Lucinda
Abstract: Vitamin D deficiency is recognised as a public health problem globally, and a high prevalence of deficiency has previously been reported in Australia. This study details the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a nationally representative sample of Australian adults aged ≥25 years, using an internationally standardised method to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and identifies demographic and lifestyle factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. We used data from the 2011–2013 Australian Health Survey (n 5034 with complete information on potential predictors and serum 25(OH)D concentrations). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by a liquid chromatography-tandem MS that is certified to the reference measurement procedures developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Ghent University and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were defined as serum 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol/l and 50 to <75 nmol/l, respectively. Overall, 20 % of participants (19 % men; 21 % women) were classified as vitamin D deficient, with a further 43 % classified as insufficient (45 % men; 42 % women). Independent predictors of vitamin D deficiency included being born in a country other than Australia or the main English-speaking countries, residing in southern (higher latitude) states of Australia, being assessed during winter or spring, being obese, smoking (women only), having low physical activity levels and not taking vitamin D or Ca supplements. Given our increasingly indoor lifestyles, there is a need to develop and promote strategies to maintain adequate vitamin D status through safe sun exposure and dietary approaches.
Published: 2019

40. A VLA-GMRT Look at 11 Powerful FR II Quasars

Author: Vaddi, S., Kharb, P., Daly, R. A., O'Dea, C. P., Baum, S. A., Deo, D. K., Barbusca, T. C., Murali, C., Vaddi, S., Kharb, P., Daly, R. A., O'Dea, C. P., Baum, S. A., Deo, D. K., Barbusca, T. C., and Murali, C.
Abstract: We present results from 1.4 and 5 GHz observations at matched resolution with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) of 11 powerful 3C FR II quasars. We examine the 11 quasars along with a sample of 13 narrow-line FR II radio galaxies and find that radio-loud unification largely holds but environmental effects cannot be ignored. The radio core prominence, largest linear size, and axial ratio parameter values indicate that quasars are at relatively smaller angles compared to the radio galaxies and thus probe orientation. Lack of correlation between statistical orientation indicators such as misalignment angle and radio core prominence, and larger lobe distortions in quasars compared to radio galaxies suggest that intrinsic/environment effects are also at play. Some of 150 MHz observations with the TGSS-GMRT reveal peculiar lobe morphologies in these FR II sources, suggesting complex past lives and possibly restarted AGN activity. Using the total 150~MHz flux density we estimate the time-averaged jet kinetic power in these sources and this ranges from (1 - 38)x10^45 erg/s, with 3C 470 having the highest jet kinetic power., Comment: Accepted in MNRAS; 26 pages, 11 figures in the main body, 16 figures in the appendix
Published: 2018
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41. Establishing an operational definition of sarcopenia in Australia and New Zealand: Delphi method based consensus statement

Author: Zanker, J., Scott, D., Reijnierse, E. M., Brennan-Olsen, S. L., Daly, R. M., Girgis, C. M., Grossman, M., Hayes, A., Hirani, V., Inderjeeth, C. A., Iuliano, S., Keogh, J. W. L., Lewis, Joshua R., Maier, A. B., Pasco, J. A., Phu, S., Saunders, K. M., Sim, Marc, Visvanathan, R., Waters, D. L., Yu, S.C.Y., Duque, G., Zanker, J., Scott, D., Reijnierse, E. M., Brennan-Olsen, S. L., Daly, R. M., Girgis, C. M., Grossman, M., Hayes, A., Hirani, V., Inderjeeth, C. A., Iuliano, S., Keogh, J. W. L., Lewis, Joshua R., Maier, A. B., Pasco, J. A., Phu, S., Saunders, K. M., Sim, Marc, Visvanathan, R., Waters, D. L., Yu, S.C.Y., and Duque, G.
Abstract: Background Globally there are several operational definitions for sarcopenia, complicating clinical and research applications. Objective The objective of the Australian and New Zealand Society for Sarcopenia and Frailty Research (ANZSSFR) Task Force on Diagnostic Criteria for Sarcopenia was to reach consensus on the operational definition of sarcopenia for regional use by clinicians and researchers. Method A four-Phase modified Delphi process was undertaken in which 24 individuals with expertise or a recognised interest in sarcopenia from different fields across Australia and New Zealand were invited to be Task Force members. An initial face-to-face meeting was held in Adelaide, South Australia, in November 2017, followed by two subsequent online Phases conducted by electronic surveys. A final Phase was used to approve the final statements. Responses were analysed using a pre-specified strategy. The level of agreement required for consensus was 80%. Results In Phase 2, 94.1% of Task Force respondents voted in favour of adopting an existing operational definition of sarcopenia. In Phase 3, 94.4% of respondents voted in favour of adopting the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definition as the operational definition for sarcopenia in Australia and New Zealand. Conclusion With consensus achieved, the ANZSSFR will adopt, promote and validate the EWGSOP operational definition of sarcopenia for use by clinicians and researchers in Australia and New Zealand.
Published: 2018

42. Poster Presentations

Author: Owen, Patrick, Daly, R, Mundell, Niamh, Dalla Via, J, Foulkes, S, Livingston, P, Fraser, Steve, Owen, Patrick, Daly, R, Mundell, Niamh, Dalla Via, J, Foulkes, S, Livingston, P, and Fraser, Steve
Published: 2018

43. Establishing best practice for the classification of shark behaviour from bio-logging data

Author: Gleiss, Adrian, Daly, R., Hounslow, Jenna L., Gleiss, Adrian, Daly, R., and Hounslow, Jenna L.
Abstract: Understanding the behaviours of free-ranging animals over biologically meaningful time scales (e.g. diel, tidal, lunar, seasonal, annual) gives important insights into their ecology. Bio-logging tools allow the remote study of elusive or inaccessible animals by recording high resolution multi-channel movement data, however archival device recording duration is limited to relatively short temporal-scales by memory and battery capacity. Machine learning (ML) is becoming common for automatic classification of behaviours from large data sets. This thesis develops a framework for the programming of bio-loggers for the classification of shark behaviour through the optimisation of sampling frequency (Chapter 2) and the choice of movement sensor (Chapter 3). The effects of sampling frequency on behavioural classification were assessed using data published in a previous study collected from accelerometer equipped juvenile lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) during captive trials in Bimini, Bahamas. The impacts of different combinations of movement sensors (accelerometer, magnetometer and gyroscope) were assessed using data collected from sub adult sicklefin lemon sharks (Negaprion acutidens). Sharks were equipped with multi-sensor devices recording acceleration, angular rotation and angular velocity during captive trials at St Joseph Atoll, Seychelles. Catalogues of discrete classes of behaviours (ethograms) were developed by observing sharks during captive trials. Behaviours (swim, rest, burst, chafe, headshake) were classified using a random forest ML algorithm with predictor variables extracted from the ground-truthed data. A range of sampling frequencies (30, 15, 10, 5, 3 and 1 Hz) and combinations of movement sensors were tested. For each dataset, a confusion matrix was determined from model predictions for calculation and comparison of evaluation metrics. Classifier performance was best described by the class or macro F- score, a measure of model performance, one ind
Published: 2018

44. Strategies and challenges associated with recruiting retirement village communities and residents into a group exercise intervention

Author: Duckham, R., Tait, J., Nowson, C., Sanders, K., Taaffe, D., Hill, Keith, Daly, R., Duckham, R., Tait, J., Nowson, C., Sanders, K., Taaffe, D., Hill, Keith, and Daly, R.
Abstract: Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide the highest level of scientific evidence, but successful participant recruitment is critical to ensure the external and internal validity of results. This study describes the strategies associated with recruiting older adults at increased falls risk residing in retirement villages into an 18-month cluster RCT designed to evaluate the effects of a dual-task exercise program on falls and physical and cognitive function. Methods: Recruitment of adults aged ≥65 at increased falls risk residing within retirement villages (size 60–350 residents) was initially designed to occur over 12 months using two distinct cohorts (C). Recruitment occurred via a three-stage approach that included liaising with: 1) village operators, 2) independent village managers, and 3) residents. To recruit residents, a variety of different approaches were used, including distribution of information pack, on-site presentations, free muscle and functional testing, and posters displayed in common areas. Results: Due to challenges with recruitment, three cohorts were established between February 2014 and April 2015 (14 months). Sixty retirement villages were initially invited, of which 32 declined or did not respond, leaving 28 villages that expressed interest. A total of 3947 individual letters of invitation were subsequently distributed to residents of these villages, from which 517 (13.1%) expressions of interest (EOI) were received. Across three cohorts with different recruitment strategies adopted there were only modest differences in the number of EOI received (10.5 to 15.3%), which suggests that no particular recruitment approach was most effective. Following the initial screening of these residents, 398 (77.0%) participants were deemed eligible to participate, but a final sample of 300 (58.0% of the 517 EOI) consented and was randomized; 7.6% of the 3947 residents invited. Principal reasons for not participating, despite being eligible, w
Published: 2018

45. WISDOM ACROSS ADULT LIFESPAN: ASSOCIATIONS WITH POSITIVE TRAITS AND STATES

Author: Jeste, D, Jeste, D, Martin, A, Palmer, B, Daly, R, Glorioso, D, Thomas, M, Jeste, D, Jeste, D, Martin, A, Palmer, B, Daly, R, Glorioso, D, and Thomas, M
Published: 2017

46. Influence of Mitral Regurgitation Repair on Survival in the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure Trial

Author: Deja, M, Grayburn, P, Sun, B, Rao, V, She, L, Krejca, M, Jain, A, Chua, Y, Daly, R, Senni, M, Mokrzycki, K, Menicanti, L, Oh, J, Michler, R, Wrobel, K, Lamy, A, Velazquez, E, Lee, K, Jones, R, Deja MA, Grayburn PA, Sun B, Rao V, She LL, Krejca M, Jain AR, Chua YL, Daly R, Senni M, Mokrzycki K, Menicanti L, Oh JK, Michler R, Wrobel K, Lamy A, Velazquez EJ, Lee KL, Jones RH, Deja, M, Grayburn, P, Sun, B, Rao, V, She, L, Krejca, M, Jain, A, Chua, Y, Daly, R, Senni, M, Mokrzycki, K, Menicanti, L, Oh, J, Michler, R, Wrobel, K, Lamy, A, Velazquez, E, Lee, K, Jones, R, Deja MA, Grayburn PA, Sun B, Rao V, She LL, Krejca M, Jain AR, Chua YL, Daly R, Senni M, Mokrzycki K, Menicanti L, Oh JK, Michler R, Wrobel K, Lamy A, Velazquez EJ, Lee KL, and Jones RH
Abstract: Background-Whether mitral valve repair during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) improves survival in patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) remains unknown. Methods and Results-Patients with ejection fraction ≤35% and coronary artery disease amenable to CABG were randomized at 99 sites worldwide to medical therapy with or without CABG. The decision to treat the mitral valve during CABG was left to the surgeon. The primary end point was mortality. Of 1212 randomized patients, 435 (36%) had none/trace MR, 554 (46%) had mild MR, 181 (15%) had moderate MR, and 39 (3%) had severe MR. In the medical arm, 70 deaths (32%) occurred in patients with none/trace MR, 114 (44%) in those with mild MR, and 58 (50%) in those with moderate to severe MR. In patients with moderate to severe MR, there were 29 deaths (53%) among 55 patients randomized to CABG who did not receive mitral surgery (hazard ratio versus medical therapy, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.77-1.87) and 21 deaths (43%) among 49 patients who received mitral surgery (hazard ratio versus medical therapy, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-1.08). After adjustment for baseline prognostic variables, the hazard ratio for CABG with mitral surgery versus CABG alone was 0.41 (95% confidence interval, 0.22-0.77; P=0.006). Conclusion-Although these observational data suggest that adding mitral valve repair to CABG in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and moderate to severe MR may improve survival compared with CABG alone or medical therapy alone, a prospective randomized trial is necessary to confirm the validity of these observations. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT00023595.
Published: 2012

47. Effects of an intradialytic resistance training programme on physical function: A prospective stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial.

Author: Haines T., Ockerby C., Daly R., Wang W.C., Street M., Bennett P.N., Fraser S., Barnard R., Haines T., Ockerby C., Daly R., Wang W.C., Street M., Bennett P.N., Fraser S., and Barnard R.
Abstract: Background Intradialytic exercise programmes are important because of the deterioration in physical function that occurs in people receiving haemodialysis. Unfortunately, exercise programmes are rarely sustained in haemodialysis clinics. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a sustainable resistance exercise programme on the physical function of people receiving haemodialysis. Methods A total of 171 participants from 15 community satellite haemodialysis clinics performed progressive resistance training using resistance elastic bands in a seated position during the first hour of haemodialysis treatment. We used a stepped-wedge design of three groups, each containing five randomly allocated cluster units allocated to an intervention of 12, 24 or 36 weeks. The primary outcome measure was objective physical function measured by the 30-s sit-to-stand (STS) test, the 8-foot timed up and go (TUG) test and the four-square step test. Secondary outcome measures included quality of life, involvement in community activity, blood pressure and self-reported falls. Results Exercise training led to significant improvements in physical function as measured by STS and TUG. There was a significant average downward change (beta = -1.59, P < 0.01) before the intervention and a significant upward change after the intervention (beta = 0.38, P < 0.01) for the 30-s STS with a similar pattern noted for the TUG. Conclusion Intradialytic resistance training can improve the physical function of people receiving dialysis.Copyright © 2015 The Author 2015.
Published: 2016

48. Associations of sedentary time patterns and TV viewing time with inflammatory and endothelial function biomarkers in children

Author: Gabel, L., Ridgers, N. D., Della Gatta, P. A., Arundell, L., Cerin, E., Robinson, S., Daly, R. M., Dunstan, D. W., Salmon, J., Gabel, L., Ridgers, N. D., Della Gatta, P. A., Arundell, L., Cerin, E., Robinson, S., Daly, R. M., Dunstan, D. W., and Salmon, J.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Investigate associations of TV viewing time and accelerometry-derived sedentary time with inflammatory and endothelial function biomarkers in children. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 164 7-10-year-old children. TV viewing time was assessed by parental proxy report and total and patterns of sedentary time accumulation (e.g. prolonged bouts) were assessed by accelerometry. C-reactive protein (CRP), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, interleukin-2, -6, -8, -10, tumour necrosis factor alpha, adiponectin, resistin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, soluble intercellular and vascular adhesion molecule 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and soluble E-selectin were assessed. Generalised linear models assessed the associations of TV viewing and sedentary time with biomarkers, adjusting for sex, waist circumference, moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity and diet density. RESULTS: Each additional h week(-1) of TV viewing was associated with 4.4% (95% CI: 2.1, 6.7) greater CRP and 0.6% (0.2, 1.0) greater sVCAM-1 in the fully adjusted model. The association between frequency and duration of 5-10 min bouts of sedentary time and CRP was positive after adjustment for sex and waist circumference but attenuated after adjustment for diet density. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that TV viewing was unfavourably associated with several markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. The detrimental association between 5 and 10 min bouts of sedentary time and CRP approached significance, suggesting that further research with a stronger study design (longitudinal and/or experimental) is needed to better understand how the accumulation of sedentary time early in life may influence short and longer term health.
Published: 2016

49. Defining Sarcopenia

Author: Weaver, Connie M, Daly, Robin M, Bischoff-Ferrari, H A, Weaver, C M ( Connie M ), Daly, R M ( Robin M ), Bischoff-Ferrari, H A ( H A ), Dawson-Hughes, B, Weaver, Connie M, Daly, Robin M, Bischoff-Ferrari, H A, Weaver, C M ( Connie M ), Daly, R M ( Robin M ), Bischoff-Ferrari, H A ( H A ), and Dawson-Hughes, B
Abstract: Currently there is no standardized definition of sarcopenia. This hampers the clinical management of sarcopenia and limits the development and regulatory approval of interventions to reduce the progression of this common and debilitating condition in the elderly. Nine definitions of sarcopenia have been put forward by different individuals and working groups, but these definitions have not been examined or compared with respect to their ability to predict the rate of falling. Reduced lower extremity lean tissue mass, strength and function characterize sarcopenia, and they are known risk factors for falling. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the nine operational definitions of sarcopenia proposed in recent years, to describe the prevalence of sarcopenia by each definition, and to describe the degree to which each definition predicted incident falls over a 3-year period in a cohort of 455 community-dwelling men and women age 65 years and older. We also comment on the need for further research and the importance of reaching consensus on a globally accepted definition of sarcopenia.
Published: 2016

50. Vitamin D and fall prevention: an update

Author: Weaver, Connie M, Daly, Robin M, Bischoff-Ferrari, H A, Weaver, C M ( Connie M ), Daly, R M ( Robin M ), Bischoff-Ferrari, H A ( H A ), Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A, Dawson-Hughes, Bess, Weaver, Connie M, Daly, Robin M, Bischoff-Ferrari, H A, Weaver, C M ( Connie M ), Daly, R M ( Robin M ), Bischoff-Ferrari, H A ( H A ), Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A, and Dawson-Hughes, Bess
Published: 2016

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