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Axisymmetric standing waves occur across a wide range of free surface flows. When these waves reach a critical height (steepness), wave breaking and jet formation occur. For travelling surface gravity waves, wave breaking is generally considered to limit wave height and reversible wave motion. In the ocean, the behaviour of directionally spread waves lies between the limits of purely travelling (two dimensions) and axisymmetric (three dimensions). Hence, understanding wave breaking and jet formation on axisymmetric surface gravity waves is an important step in understanding extreme and breaking waves in the ocean. We examine an example of axisymmetric wave breaking and jet formation colloquially known as the 'spike wave', created in the FloWave circular wave tank at the University of Edinburgh, UK. We generate this spike wave with maximum crest amplitudes of 0.15-6.0 m (0.024-0.98 when made non-dimensional by characteristic radius), with wave breaking occurring for crest amplitudes greater than 1.0 m (0.16 non-dimensionalised). Unlike two-dimensional travelling waves, wave breaking does not limit maximum crest amplitude, and our measurements approximately follow the jet height scaling proposed by Ghabache et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 761, 2014, pp. 206-219) for cavity collapse. The spike wave is predominantly created by linear dispersive focusing. A trough forms, then collapses producing a jet, which is sensitive to the trough's shape. The evolution of the jets that form in our experiments is predicted well by the hyperbolic jet model proposed by Longuet-Higgins (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 127, 1983, pp. 103-121), previously applied to jets forming on bubbles., Environmental Fluid Mechanics

Autologous bone graft, the standard of bone grafting in achieving spinal fusion, is associated with several limitations and complications. The use of bone marrow cells (BMCs) as a potential cell source for spinal fusion, combined with a suitable scaffold to promote bone formation, may be a better choice. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of natural bone collagen scaffold (NBCS) combined with autologous-enriched BMCs for induction of osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Ovine-enriched BMCs were co-cultured with NBCS for 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks to investigate whether NBCS would support the population expansion and differentiation of enriched BMCs. Using an ovine interbody fusion model, NBCS seeded with autologous enriched BMCs was implanted into the lumbar disc space. Fusion outcomes were compared with the use of the autograft, NBCS without BMCs, and BMCs without NBCS. In vitro results demonstrated that NBCS facilitated the population expansion and differentiation of ovine-enriched BMCs, promoting the expression of collagen type I and the formation of a mineralized matrix. The use of NBCS combined with enriched BMCs in vivo enhanced the spinal fusion rate (6 of 6 at 10 week) (p<0.05), the biomechanical stiffness of fusion masses, and bone volume at the fusion site (p<0.05). Histological findings also revealed that a combination of NBCS and BMCs induced new bone formation that integrated well with host bone tissue. In conclusion, NBCS is an effective scaffold that supports ovine-enriched BMCs. The combination of NBCS and BMCs may be a useful alternative for autograft in induction of spinal fusion.

This case series describes the response of canine nasal aspergillosis to topical clotrimazole treatment in 11 dogs. The antifungal agent was administered to affected dogs by one of three methods: A) twice daily administration for 10 days via surgically implanted, indwelling catheters into the frontal sinuses and nasal cavity (three dogs); B) a single treatment consisting of one-hour contact-time with the drug immediately following catheter placement (three dogs); and C) non-invasive intranasal single infusion via the nostrils with a one-hour contact time (five dogs). All dogs were assessed for recurrence of the disease (follow-up time range two to 24 months). In one of the three dogs and two of the three dogs treated by method A and B respectively, clinical signs of aspergillosis recurred. However, four of the five dogs treated by method C were free of disease at the fourth week post-treatment assessment. The remaining dog required one further intranasal infusion before complete resolution occurred. From this small case series, it appears that non-invasive intranasal infusion of topical clotrimazole appears to be an effective treatment for canine nasal Aspergillus infections. This simple non-surgical treatment can be easily performed by veterinarians in general practice.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between physical signs of elbow dysplasia and radiographic appearance of the elbow joints in growing dogs. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 55 Rottweiler pups. PROCEDURE: Owners of clinically normal Rottweiler pups were contacted through breed clubs in 3 Australian states and asked to participate in the study. All those offering to participate were included. PROCEDURE: The first physical examination was performed when pups were 3 months old and included a lameness evaluation and palpation of the elbow joints. Physical examinations were repeated when pups were 5, 6, 9, and 12 months old. Radiographs of the elbows were obtained at 6 and 12 months. Relationships among lameness, decreased range of movement, signs of pain, and radiographic data related to elbow dysplasia were examined. RESULTS: Elbow dysplasia caused clinical lameness in only 3 dogs but 57% of dogs developed radiographic signs of elbow dysplasia by 12 months of age. A grade-2 radiographic score at 12 months of age was significantly associated with clinical elbow dysplasia. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Elbow dysplasia has a prevalence of > 50% in certain breed populations. This study supports radiographic screening at 12 months of age, accompanied by physical examination to detect clinical elbow dysplasia.

Polycystic kidney disease was observed in eight related bull terriers. Two dogs died suddenly, two were presented for haematuria, while the remainder were outwardly normal but detected during ultrasonographic screening programmes. A definitive diagnosis was made at either necropsy or using renal ultrasonography, although affected dogs also had abnormal urinalyses with haematuria, proteinuria, cast formation and sometimes bacterial infection. Valvular heart disease was detected clinically or at necropsy in all the affected dogs. The presence of polycystic kidney disease in several related dogs suggests that this condition is familial. The disease has clinical and pathological similarities with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease of humans.

This study addresses whether service of sufficeint duration can be expected from a satellite that has been stored on orbit for significant periods of time. The question was approached in two ways. First, an extensive review of the research on orbital storage was conducted. While there has not been a great deal of published analysis of the subject, the records of those efforts are consistent in their conclusions that orbital storage does not appear to have any adverse impact on satellites or their redundant components. The second approach was empirical. A data set was collected, consisting of the dormant and post-dormant characteristics of redundant electronic boxes from 155 NASA, DoD and commercial satellites. Three separate investigations examined length of dormancy and subsequent length of activity of redundant units to statistically determine any relationship. Keywords: Statistical analysis; Chi Square method; Regression analysis; Censored testing.

Gov Peirpoint [Francis H. Pierpont] Whee 186. By Telegraph from Headquarters 21 Camp Pierpoint Via Gallipolis 22 1861. Two 2 companies scouting up Sand River a secession force was routed last Saturday Eleven 11 Killed & many wounded five 5 prisoners nine 9 horses nine 9 rifles captured. Col Zeigler went up Sandy yesterday another company is scouting up twelve 12 Pole are after the nonunion witches who leads a band of [page 2] desperadoes. We shall protect the polls in Wayne & Caball Counties shall clean out as we advance T. N. Davey Adjt 5th Va Regt 66Hm274pd

Gov Peirpoint [Francis H. Pierpont] Whee 186. By Telegraph from Headquarters 21 Camp Pierpoint Via Gallipolis 22 1861. Two 2 companies scouting up Sand River a secession force was routed last Saturday Eleven 11 Killed & many wounded five 5 prisoners nine 9 horses nine 9 rifles captured. Col Zeigler went up Sandy yesterday another company is scouting up twelve 12 Pole are after the nonunion witches who leads a band of [page 2] desperadoes. We shall protect the polls in Wayne & Caball Counties shall clean out as we advance T. N. Davey Adjt 5th Va Regt 66Hm274pd

Victualing order for James Belbin's second wife and son James, from Lieutenant Governor Thomas Davey, 29th April, 1814. James was transported to N.S.W. in 1791. He later settled on Norfolk Island and received a grant of land. He and his first wife, Ann Meredith had six daughters and a son, James, between 1793 and 1803, but in 1805 his wife died in childbirth and one of his six year old twin daughters also died. In 1808 Belbin and his children, with the other Norfolk Islanders, were resettled in Van Diemen's Land, receiving supplies from the Government Stores. He was twice arrested for remaining loyal to Governor William Bligh. In 1811 he went to London to petition for the restoration of his rights as a Norfolk Island settler and was granted a free passage back to Van Diemen's Land in 1813, land at Cambridge and Government victuals for eighteen months for himself, son James and his new second wife. RS 90/2

FO4701-75-C-0076, This report presents a brief summarization of available information pertaining to devices offered to aid the driver in improving his driving habits in order to reduce fuel consumption. Principal emphasis is placed on characterizing the available devices in terms of their features and operating principles. When appropriate, possible side effects (e.g., safety considerations) occasioned by the use of such devices are examined. The available fuel economy test data for drivers who had received training only (no auxiliary or aid devices) are reviewed for comparison purposes.

Victualing order for James Belbin's second wife and son James, from Lieutenant Governor Thomas Davey, 29th April, 1814. James was transported to N.S.W. in 1791. He later settled on Norfolk Island and received a grant of land. He and his first wife, Ann Meredith had six daughters and a son, James, between 1793 and 1803, but in 1805 his wife died in childbirth and one of his six year old twin daughters also died. In 1808 Belbin and his children, with the other Norfolk Islanders, were resettled in Van Diemen's Land, receiving supplies from the Government Stores. He was twice arrested for remaining loyal to Governor William Bligh. In 1811 he went to London to petition for the restoration of his rights as a Norfolk Island settler and was granted a free passage back to Van Diemen's Land in 1813, land at Cambridge and Government victuals for eighteen months for himself, son James and his new second wife. RS 90/2