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1. Exploring Outputs of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention

Author: Diamond, Miriam L., Sigmund, Gabriel, Bertram, Michael G., Ford, Alex T., Ågerstrand, Marlene, Carlini, Giulia, Lohmann, Rainer, Šebková, Kateřina, Soehl, Anna, Starling, Maria Clara V.M., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, Scheringer, Martin, Diamond, Miriam L., Sigmund, Gabriel, Bertram, Michael G., Ford, Alex T., Ågerstrand, Marlene, Carlini, Giulia, Lohmann, Rainer, Šebková, Kateřina, Soehl, Anna, Starling, Maria Clara V.M., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, and Scheringer, Martin
Abstract: The Science-Policy Panel (SPP) on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention, now being established under a mandate of the United Nations Environment Assembly, will address chemical pollution, one element of the triple planetary crises along with climate change and biodiversity loss. The SPP should provide governments with consensual, authoritative, and holistic solution-oriented assessments, particularly relevant to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and, we suggest, to issues regarding the global commons. The assessments should be flexible in scope and breadth, and address existing issues retrospectively and prospectively to minimize the high costs to human and environment health that come from delayed, slow, and/or fragmented policy responses. Two examples of assessments are presented here. The retrospective example is pharmaceutical pollution, which is of increasing importance, especially in LMICs. The SPP’s assessment could identify data gaps, develop regionally attuned policy options for mitigation, promote “benign-by-design” chemistry, explore educational and capacity-building activities, and investigate financial mechanisms for implementation. The prospective example is on risks posed by chemicals and waste release from critical technological infrastructure and waste sites vulnerable to sea level rise and extreme weather events. Multisectoral and multidisciplinary inputs are needed to map and develop “disaster-proofing” responses, along with financing mechanisms. The new SPP offers the ambition and mechanisms for enabling much-needed assessments explicitly framed as inputs to policy-making, to protect, and support the recovery of, local to global human and environmental health.
Published: 2024

2. Conflicts of Interest in the Assessment of Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution

Author: Schaeffer, Andreas, Groh, Ksenia J., Sigmund, Gabriel, Azoulay, David, Backhaus, Thomas, Bertram, Michael G., Almroth, Bethanie Carney, Cousins, Ian, Ford, Alex T., Grimalt, Joan O., Guida, Yago, Hansson, Maria C., Jeong, Yunsun, Lohmann, Rainer, Michaels, David, Mueller, Leonie, Muncke, Jane, Oberg, Gunilla, Orellana, Marcos A., Sanganyado, Edmond, Schaefer, Ralf Bernhard, Sheriff, Ishmail, Sullivan, Ryan C., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Vandenberg, Laura N., Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, Wagner, Martin, Wang, Fang, Wang, Mengjiao, Soehl, Anna, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Diamond, Miriam L., Scheringer, Martin, Schaeffer, Andreas, Groh, Ksenia J., Sigmund, Gabriel, Azoulay, David, Backhaus, Thomas, Bertram, Michael G., Almroth, Bethanie Carney, Cousins, Ian, Ford, Alex T., Grimalt, Joan O., Guida, Yago, Hansson, Maria C., Jeong, Yunsun, Lohmann, Rainer, Michaels, David, Mueller, Leonie, Muncke, Jane, Oberg, Gunilla, Orellana, Marcos A., Sanganyado, Edmond, Schaefer, Ralf Bernhard, Sheriff, Ishmail, Sullivan, Ryan C., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Vandenberg, Laura N., Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, Wagner, Martin, Wang, Fang, Wang, Mengjiao, Soehl, Anna, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Diamond, Miriam L., and Scheringer, Martin
Abstract: Pollution by chemicals and waste impacts human and ecosystem health on regional, national, and global scales, resulting, together with climate change and biodiversity loss, in a triple planetary crisis. Consequently, in 2022, countries agreed to establish an intergovernmental science-policy panel (SPP) on chemicals, waste, and pollution prevention, complementary to the existing intergovernmental science-policy bodies on climate change and biodiversity. To ensure the SPP's success, it is imperative to protect it from conflicts of interest (COI). Here, we (i) define and review the implications of COI, and its relevance for the management of chemicals, waste, and pollution; (ii) summarize established tactics to manufacture doubt in favor of vested interests, i.e., to counter scientific evidence and/or to promote misleading narratives favorable to financial interests; and (iii) illustrate these with selected examples. This analysis leads to a review of arguments for and against chemical industry representation in the SPP's work. We further (iv) rebut an assertion voiced by some that the chemical industry should be directly involved in the panel's work because it possesses data on chemicals essential for the panel's activities. Finally, (v) we present steps that should be taken to prevent the detrimental impacts of COI in the work of the SPP. In particular, we propose to include an independent auditor's role in the SPP to ensure that participation and processes follow clear COI rules. Among others, the auditor should evaluate the content of the assessments produced to ensure unbiased representation of information that underpins the SPP's activities.
Published: 2023
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3. Key Principles for the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Panel on Chemicals and Waste

Author: Ågerstrand, Marlene, Arinaitwe, Kenneth, Backhaus, Thomas, Barra, Ricardo O., Diamond, Miriam L., Grimalt, Joan O., Groh, Ksenia, Kandie, Faith, Kurt-Karakus, Perihan Binnur, Letcher, Robert J., Lohmann, Rainer, Meire, Rodrigo O., Oluseyi, Temilola, Schäffer, Andreas, Septiono, Mochamad, Sigmund, Gabriel, Soehl, Anna, Sogbanmu, Temitope O., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, Scheringer, Martin, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Arinaitwe, Kenneth, Backhaus, Thomas, Barra, Ricardo O., Diamond, Miriam L., Grimalt, Joan O., Groh, Ksenia, Kandie, Faith, Kurt-Karakus, Perihan Binnur, Letcher, Robert J., Lohmann, Rainer, Meire, Rodrigo O., Oluseyi, Temilola, Schäffer, Andreas, Septiono, Mochamad, Sigmund, Gabriel, Soehl, Anna, Sogbanmu, Temitope O., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, and Scheringer, Martin
Abstract: In 2021, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) recognized chemical pollution as a planetary crisis tantamount to climate change and biodiversity decline. (1) In an important next step, the international community agreed in March 2022 on establishing an independent, intergovernmental science–policy panel on chemicals, waste, and pollution prevention (hereafter termed “the Panel”). (2) This Panel will take its place among two other intergovernmental bodies, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (3) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). (4) Now is a crucial time for establishing the Panel, following a process facilitated by UNEP to negotiate the Panel’s scope, functions, and institutional design, with the ambition to formally establish the Panel in 2024. As a group of international scientists working on chemical pollution, we applaud this milestone of progress to initiate the establishment of a panel for chemicals, waste, and pollution prevention. At the beginning of the negotiating process, we would like to highlight the following 10 critical aspects for consideration in determining the settings of the Panel.
Published: 2023
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4. A science-based agenda for health-protective chemical assessments and decisions: overview and consensus statement.

Author: Woodruff, Tracey J, Woodruff, Tracey J, Rayasam, Swati DG, Axelrad, Daniel A, Koman, Patricia D, Chartres, Nicholas, Bennett, Deborah H, Birnbaum, Linda S, Brown, Phil, Carignan, Courtney C, Cooper, Courtney, Cranor, Carl F, Diamond, Miriam L, Franjevic, Shari, Gartner, Eve C, Hattis, Dale, Hauser, Russ, Heiger-Bernays, Wendy, Joglekar, Rashmi, Lam, Juleen, Levy, Jonathan I, MacRoy, Patrick M, Maffini, Maricel V, Marquez, Emily C, Morello-Frosch, Rachel, Nachman, Keeve E, Nielsen, Greylin H, Oksas, Catherine, Abrahamsson, Dimitri Panagopoulos, Patisaul, Heather B, Patton, Sharyle, Robinson, Joshua F, Rodgers, Kathryn M, Rossi, Mark S, Rudel, Ruthann A, Sass, Jennifer B, Sathyanarayana, Sheela, Schettler, Ted, Shaffer, Rachel M, Shamasunder, Bhavna, Shepard, Peggy M, Shrader-Frechette, Kristin, Solomon, Gina M, Subra, Wilma A, Vandenberg, Laura N, Varshavsky, Julia R, White, Roberta F, Zarker, Ken, Zeise, Lauren, Woodruff, Tracey J, Woodruff, Tracey J, Rayasam, Swati DG, Axelrad, Daniel A, Koman, Patricia D, Chartres, Nicholas, Bennett, Deborah H, Birnbaum, Linda S, Brown, Phil, Carignan, Courtney C, Cooper, Courtney, Cranor, Carl F, Diamond, Miriam L, Franjevic, Shari, Gartner, Eve C, Hattis, Dale, Hauser, Russ, Heiger-Bernays, Wendy, Joglekar, Rashmi, Lam, Juleen, Levy, Jonathan I, MacRoy, Patrick M, Maffini, Maricel V, Marquez, Emily C, Morello-Frosch, Rachel, Nachman, Keeve E, Nielsen, Greylin H, Oksas, Catherine, Abrahamsson, Dimitri Panagopoulos, Patisaul, Heather B, Patton, Sharyle, Robinson, Joshua F, Rodgers, Kathryn M, Rossi, Mark S, Rudel, Ruthann A, Sass, Jennifer B, Sathyanarayana, Sheela, Schettler, Ted, Shaffer, Rachel M, Shamasunder, Bhavna, Shepard, Peggy M, Shrader-Frechette, Kristin, Solomon, Gina M, Subra, Wilma A, Vandenberg, Laura N, Varshavsky, Julia R, White, Roberta F, Zarker, Ken, and Zeise, Lauren
Abstract: The manufacture and production of industrial chemicals continues to increase, with hundreds of thousands of chemicals and chemical mixtures used worldwide, leading to widespread population exposures and resultant health impacts. Low-wealth communities and communities of color often bear disproportionate burdens of exposure and impact; all compounded by regulatory delays to the detriment of public health. Multiple authoritative bodies and scientific consensus groups have called for actions to prevent harmful exposures via improved policy approaches. We worked across multiple disciplines to develop consensus recommendations for health-protective, scientific approaches to reduce harmful chemical exposures, which can be applied to current US policies governing industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants. This consensus identifies five principles and scientific recommendations for improving how agencies like the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approach and conduct hazard and risk assessment and risk management analyses: (1) the financial burden of data generation for any given chemical on (or to be introduced to) the market should be on the chemical producers that benefit from their production and use; (2) lack of data does not equate to lack of hazard, exposure, or risk; (3) populations at greater risk, including those that are more susceptible or more highly exposed, must be better identified and protected to account for their real-world risks; (4) hazard and risk assessments should not assume existence of a "safe" or "no-risk" level of chemical exposure in the diverse general population; and (5) hazard and risk assessments must evaluate and account for financial conflicts of interest in the body of evidence. While many of these recommendations focus specifically on the EPA, they are general principles for environmental health that could be adopted by any agency or entity engaged in exposure, hazard, and risk assessment. We also detail recommendatio
Published: 2023

5. Key Principles for the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Panel on Chemicals and Waste

Author: Ågerstrand, Marlene, Arinaitwe, Kenneth, Backhaus, Thomas, Barra, Ricardo O., Diamond, Miriam L., Grimalt, Joan O., Groh, Ksenia, Kandie, Faith, Kurt-Karakus, Perihan Binnur, Letcher, Robert J., Lohmann, Rainer, Meire, Rodrigo O., Oluseyi, Temilola, Schäffer, Andreas, Septiono, Mochamad, Sigmund, Gabriel, Soehl, Anna, Sogbanmu, Temitope O., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, Scheringer, Martin, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Arinaitwe, Kenneth, Backhaus, Thomas, Barra, Ricardo O., Diamond, Miriam L., Grimalt, Joan O., Groh, Ksenia, Kandie, Faith, Kurt-Karakus, Perihan Binnur, Letcher, Robert J., Lohmann, Rainer, Meire, Rodrigo O., Oluseyi, Temilola, Schäffer, Andreas, Septiono, Mochamad, Sigmund, Gabriel, Soehl, Anna, Sogbanmu, Temitope O., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, and Scheringer, Martin
Abstract: In 2021, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) recognized chemical pollution as a planetary crisis tantamount to climate change and biodiversity decline. (1) In an important next step, the international community agreed in March 2022 on establishing an independent, intergovernmental science–policy panel on chemicals, waste, and pollution prevention (hereafter termed “the Panel”). (2) This Panel will take its place among two other intergovernmental bodies, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (3) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). (4) Now is a crucial time for establishing the Panel, following a process facilitated by UNEP to negotiate the Panel’s scope, functions, and institutional design, with the ambition to formally establish the Panel in 2024. As a group of international scientists working on chemical pollution, we applaud this milestone of progress to initiate the establishment of a panel for chemicals, waste, and pollution prevention. At the beginning of the negotiating process, we would like to highlight the following 10 critical aspects for consideration in determining the settings of the Panel.
Published: 2023
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6. Addressing chemical pollution in biodiversity research

Author: Sigmund, Gabriel, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Antonelli, Alexandre, Backhaus, Thomas, Brodin, Tomas, Diamond, Miriam L., Erdelen, Walter R., Evers, David C., Hofmann, Thilo, Hueffer, Thorsten, Lai, Adelene, Torres, Joao P. M., Mueller, Leonie, Perrigo, Allison L., Rillig, Matthias C., Schaeffer, Andreas, Scheringer, Martin, Schirmer, Kristin, Tlili, Ahmed, Soehl, Anna, Triebskorn, Rita, Vlahos, Penny, vom Berg, Colette, Wang, Zhanyun, Groh, Ksenia J., Sigmund, Gabriel, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Antonelli, Alexandre, Backhaus, Thomas, Brodin, Tomas, Diamond, Miriam L., Erdelen, Walter R., Evers, David C., Hofmann, Thilo, Hueffer, Thorsten, Lai, Adelene, Torres, Joao P. M., Mueller, Leonie, Perrigo, Allison L., Rillig, Matthias C., Schaeffer, Andreas, Scheringer, Martin, Schirmer, Kristin, Tlili, Ahmed, Soehl, Anna, Triebskorn, Rita, Vlahos, Penny, vom Berg, Colette, Wang, Zhanyun, and Groh, Ksenia J.
Abstract: Climate change, biodiversity loss, and chemical pollution are planetary-scale emergencies requiring urgent mitigation actions. As these “triple crises” are deeply interlinked, they need to be tackled in an integrative manner. However, while climate change and biodiversity are often studied together, chemical pollution as a global change factor contributing to worldwide biodiversity loss has received much less attention in biodiversity research so far. Here, we review evidence showing that the multifaceted effects of anthropogenic chemicals in the environment are posing a growing threat to biodiversity and ecosystems. Therefore, failure to account for pollution effects may significantly undermine the success of biodiversity protection efforts. We argue that progress in understanding and counteracting the negative impact of chemical pollution on biodiversity requires collective efforts of scientists from different disciplines, including but not limited to ecology, ecotoxicology, and environmental chemistry. Importantly, recent developments in these fields have now enabled comprehensive studies that could efficiently address the manifold interactions between chemicals and ecosystems. Based on their experience with intricate studies of biodiversity, ecologists are well equipped to embrace the additional challenge of chemical complexity through interdisciplinary collaborations. This offers a unique opportunity to jointly advance a seminal frontier in pollution ecology and facilitate the development of innovative solutions for environmental protection.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Key Principles for the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Panel on Chemicals and Waste

Author: Ågerstrand, Marlene, Arinaitwe, Kenneth, Backhaus, Thomas, Barra, Ricardo O., Diamond, Miriam L., Grimalt, Joan O., Groh, Ksenia, Kandie, Faith, Kurt-Karakus, Perihan Binnur, Letcher, Robert J., Lohmann, Rainer, Meire, Rodrigo O., Oluseyi, Temilola, Schäffer, Andreas, Septiono, Mochamad, Sigmund, Gabriel, Soehl, Anna, Sogbanmu, Temitope O., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, Scheringer, Martin, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Arinaitwe, Kenneth, Backhaus, Thomas, Barra, Ricardo O., Diamond, Miriam L., Grimalt, Joan O., Groh, Ksenia, Kandie, Faith, Kurt-Karakus, Perihan Binnur, Letcher, Robert J., Lohmann, Rainer, Meire, Rodrigo O., Oluseyi, Temilola, Schäffer, Andreas, Septiono, Mochamad, Sigmund, Gabriel, Soehl, Anna, Sogbanmu, Temitope O., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, and Scheringer, Martin
Published: 2023
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8. Obstacles to scientific input in global policy

Author: Carney Almroth, Bethanie, Abeynayaka, Amila, Diamond, Miriam L., Farrelly, Trisia, Fernandez, Marina, Gündoğdu, Sedat, Issifu, Ibrahim, Rognerud, Idun, Schäffer, Andreas, Scheringer, Martin, Villarrubia-Gómez, Patricia, Varea, Rufino, Vlahos, Penny, Wagner, Martin, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Carney Almroth, Bethanie, Abeynayaka, Amila, Diamond, Miriam L., Farrelly, Trisia, Fernandez, Marina, Gündoğdu, Sedat, Issifu, Ibrahim, Rognerud, Idun, Schäffer, Andreas, Scheringer, Martin, Villarrubia-Gómez, Patricia, Varea, Rufino, Vlahos, Penny, Wagner, Martin, and Ågerstrand, Marlene
Published: 2023
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9. Policy options to account for multiple chemical pollutants threatening biodiversity

Author: Mueller, Leonie K., Ågerstrand, Marlene, Backhaus, Thomas, Diamond, Miriam, Erdelen, Walter R., Evers, David, Groh, Ksenia J., Scheringer, Martin, Sigmund, Gabriel, Wang, Zhanyun, Schäffer, Andreas, Mueller, Leonie K., Ågerstrand, Marlene, Backhaus, Thomas, Diamond, Miriam, Erdelen, Walter R., Evers, David, Groh, Ksenia J., Scheringer, Martin, Sigmund, Gabriel, Wang, Zhanyun, and Schäffer, Andreas
Abstract: Chemical pollution poses a threat to biodiversity on a global scale. This has been acknowledged in the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, which proposes to regulate the release of chemicals to the environment and names specific indicators focusing on pesticides, nutrients and plastic waste. We fully welcome the inclusion of these substances but would like to further emphasize that in order to protect biodiversity from hazardous chemicals, the scope of Target 7 should feature a wider range of pollutants that can contribute to biodiversity loss. We propose the inclusion of non-agricultural biocides, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), toxic metal(loid)s, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Furthermore, data on emerging pollutants (e.g., rare earth elements, toxic and persistent industrial chemicals, liquid crystal monomers, pharmaceuticals, personal care products) need to be regularly reviewed with the aim to integrate additional pollutants to Target 7 in the case of biodiversity risk. We suggest to amend Target 7 to postulate the aim for the overall reduction of chemical production and emissions, as well as the addition of the aforementioned substance groups of high concern to biodiversity for integration in the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. We further elaborate on different strategies for the reduction of emissions of hazardous chemicals through chemical simplification and grouping, reduction of chemicals with non-essential use, and innovative synthesis strategies (e.g., “benign-by-design”). In this context, the full life cycle of chemicals (i.e., production, use, and end of life) needs to be considered. Lastly, we propose to set up transparent data inventories, in cooperation with the industry, to inform about the production, transport and emissions of chemicals, which can serve as a basis for indicators related to monitoring the progress towards achieving the goals set under Target 7.
Published: 2023
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10. Addressing chemical pollution in biodiversity research

Author: Sigmund, Gabriel, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Antonelli, Alexandre, Backhaus, Thomas, Brodin, Tomas, Diamond, Miriam L., Erdelen, Walter R., Evers, David C., Hofmann, Thilo, Hueffer, Thorsten, Lai, Adelene, Torres, Joao P. M., Mueller, Leonie, Perrigo, Allison L., Rillig, Matthias C., Schaeffer, Andreas, Scheringer, Martin, Schirmer, Kristin, Tlili, Ahmed, Soehl, Anna, Triebskorn, Rita, Vlahos, Penny, vom Berg, Colette, Wang, Zhanyun, Groh, Ksenia J., Sigmund, Gabriel, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Antonelli, Alexandre, Backhaus, Thomas, Brodin, Tomas, Diamond, Miriam L., Erdelen, Walter R., Evers, David C., Hofmann, Thilo, Hueffer, Thorsten, Lai, Adelene, Torres, Joao P. M., Mueller, Leonie, Perrigo, Allison L., Rillig, Matthias C., Schaeffer, Andreas, Scheringer, Martin, Schirmer, Kristin, Tlili, Ahmed, Soehl, Anna, Triebskorn, Rita, Vlahos, Penny, vom Berg, Colette, Wang, Zhanyun, and Groh, Ksenia J.
Abstract: Climate change, biodiversity loss, and chemical pollution are planetary-scale emergencies requiring urgent mitigation actions. As these “triple crises” are deeply interlinked, they need to be tackled in an integrative manner. However, while climate change and biodiversity are often studied together, chemical pollution as a global change factor contributing to worldwide biodiversity loss has received much less attention in biodiversity research so far. Here, we review evidence showing that the multifaceted effects of anthropogenic chemicals in the environment are posing a growing threat to biodiversity and ecosystems. Therefore, failure to account for pollution effects may significantly undermine the success of biodiversity protection efforts. We argue that progress in understanding and counteracting the negative impact of chemical pollution on biodiversity requires collective efforts of scientists from different disciplines, including but not limited to ecology, ecotoxicology, and environmental chemistry. Importantly, recent developments in these fields have now enabled comprehensive studies that could efficiently address the manifold interactions between chemicals and ecosystems. Based on their experience with intricate studies of biodiversity, ecologists are well equipped to embrace the additional challenge of chemical complexity through interdisciplinary collaborations. This offers a unique opportunity to jointly advance a seminal frontier in pollution ecology and facilitate the development of innovative solutions for environmental protection.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Addressing systemic problems with exposure assessments to protect the public's health.

Author: Vandenberg, Laura N, Vandenberg, Laura N, Rayasam, Swati DG, Axelrad, Daniel A, Bennett, Deborah H, Brown, Phil, Carignan, Courtney C, Chartres, Nicholas, Diamond, Miriam L, Joglekar, Rashmi, Shamasunder, Bhavna, Shrader-Frechette, Kristin, Subra, Wilma A, Zarker, Ken, Woodruff, Tracey J, Vandenberg, Laura N, Vandenberg, Laura N, Rayasam, Swati DG, Axelrad, Daniel A, Bennett, Deborah H, Brown, Phil, Carignan, Courtney C, Chartres, Nicholas, Diamond, Miriam L, Joglekar, Rashmi, Shamasunder, Bhavna, Shrader-Frechette, Kristin, Subra, Wilma A, Zarker, Ken, and Woodruff, Tracey J
Abstract: BackgroundUnderstanding, characterizing, and quantifying human exposures to environmental chemicals is critical to protect public health. Exposure assessments are key to determining risks to the general population and for specific subpopulations given that exposures differ between groups. Exposure data are also important for understanding where interventions, including public policies, should be targeted and the extent to which interventions have been successful. In this review, we aim to show how inadequacies in exposure assessments conducted by polluting industries or regulatory agencies have led to downplaying or disregarding exposure concerns raised by communities; that underestimates of exposure can lead regulatory agencies to conclude that unacceptable risks are, instead, acceptable, allowing pollutants to go unregulated; and that researchers, risk assessors, and policy makers need to better understand the issues that have affected exposure assessments and how appropriate use of exposure data can contribute to health-protective decisions.MethodsWe describe current approaches used by regulatory agencies to estimate human exposures to environmental chemicals, including approaches to address limitations in exposure data. We then illustrate how some exposure assessments have been used to reach flawed conclusions about environmental chemicals and make recommendations for improvements.ResultsExposure data are important for communities, public health advocates, scientists, policy makers, and other groups to understand the extent of environmental exposures in diverse populations. We identify four areas where exposure assessments need to be improved due to systemic sources of error or uncertainty in exposure assessments and illustrate these areas with examples. These include: (1) an inability of regulatory agencies to keep pace with the increasing number of chemicals registered for use or assess their exposures, as well as complications added by use of 'confidential bu
Published: 2023

12. Conflicts of Interest in the Assessment of Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution

Author: 0000-0002-4110-2631, 0000-0002-3778-4721, 0000-0003-2068-0878, 0000-0001-9643-1662, 0000-0001-5320-8444, 0000-0002-5037-4612, 0000-0002-7035-8660, 0000-0001-5202-546X, 0000-0002-7391-5768, 0000-0002-6115-3305, 0000-0002-8802-3295, 0000-0001-8796-3229, 0000-0003-3510-1701, 0000-0001-5374-6533, 0000-0003-0701-7158, 0000-0002-9366-3342, 0000-0002-2089-8992, 0000-0002-0034-6007, 0000-0002-4402-3234, 0000-0001-9986-0948, 0000-0003-2118-9124, 0000-0002-7951-2791, 0000-0001-6296-6431, 0000-0002-0809-7826, Schäffer, Andreas, Groh, Ksenia J., Sigmund, Gabriel, Azoulay, David, Backhaus, Thomas, Bertram, Michael G., Carney Almroth, Bethanie, Cousins, Ian T., Ford, Alex T., Grimalt, Joan O., Guida, Yago, Hansson, Maria C., Jeong, Yunsun, Lohmann, Rainer, Michaels, David, Mueller, Leonie, Muncke, Jane, Öberg, Gunilla, Orellana, Marcos A., Sanganyado, Edmond, Schäfer, Ralf Bernhard, Sheriff, Ishmail, Sullivan, Ryan C., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Vandenberg, Laura N., Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, Wagner, Martin, Wang, Fang, Wang, Mengjiao, Soehl, Anna, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Diamond, Miriam L., Scheringer, Martin, 0000-0002-4110-2631, 0000-0002-3778-4721, 0000-0003-2068-0878, 0000-0001-9643-1662, 0000-0001-5320-8444, 0000-0002-5037-4612, 0000-0002-7035-8660, 0000-0001-5202-546X, 0000-0002-7391-5768, 0000-0002-6115-3305, 0000-0002-8802-3295, 0000-0001-8796-3229, 0000-0003-3510-1701, 0000-0001-5374-6533, 0000-0003-0701-7158, 0000-0002-9366-3342, 0000-0002-2089-8992, 0000-0002-0034-6007, 0000-0002-4402-3234, 0000-0001-9986-0948, 0000-0003-2118-9124, 0000-0002-7951-2791, 0000-0001-6296-6431, 0000-0002-0809-7826, Schäffer, Andreas, Groh, Ksenia J., Sigmund, Gabriel, Azoulay, David, Backhaus, Thomas, Bertram, Michael G., Carney Almroth, Bethanie, Cousins, Ian T., Ford, Alex T., Grimalt, Joan O., Guida, Yago, Hansson, Maria C., Jeong, Yunsun, Lohmann, Rainer, Michaels, David, Mueller, Leonie, Muncke, Jane, Öberg, Gunilla, Orellana, Marcos A., Sanganyado, Edmond, Schäfer, Ralf Bernhard, Sheriff, Ishmail, Sullivan, Ryan C., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Vandenberg, Laura N., Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, Wagner, Martin, Wang, Fang, Wang, Mengjiao, Soehl, Anna, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Diamond, Miriam L., and Scheringer, Martin
Abstract: Pollution by chemicals and waste impacts human and ecosystem health on regional, national, and global scales, resulting, together with climate change and biodiversity loss, in a triple planetary crisis. Consequently, in 2022, countries agreed to establish an intergovernmental science-policy panel (SPP) on chemicals, waste, and pollution prevention, complementary to the existing intergovernmental science-policy bodies on climate change and biodiversity. To ensure the SPP's success, it is imperative to protect it from conflicts of interest (COI). Here, we (i) define and review the implications of COI, and its relevance for the management of chemicals, waste, and pollution; (ii) summarize established tactics to manufacture doubt in favor of vested interests, i.e., to counter scientific evidence and/or to promote misleading narratives favorable to financial interests; and (iii) illustrate these with selected examples. This analysis leads to a review of arguments for and against chemical industry representation in the SPP's work. We further (iv) rebut an assertion voiced by some that the chemical industry should be directly involved in the panel's work because it possesses data on chemicals essential for the panel's activities. Finally, (v) we present steps that should be taken to prevent the detrimental impacts of COI in the work of the SPP. In particular, we propose to include an independent auditor's role in the SPP to ensure that participation and processes follow clear COI rules. Among others, the auditor should evaluate the content of the assessments produced to ensure unbiased representation of information that underpins the SPP's activities.
Published: 2023

13. Addressing chemical pollution in biodiversity research

Author: Sigmund, Gabriel, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Antonelli, Alexandre, Backhaus, Thomas, Brodin, Tomas, Diamond, Miriam L., Erdelen, Walter R., Evers, David C., Hofmann, Thilo, Hueffer, Thorsten, Lai, Adelene, Torres, Joao P.M., Mueller, Leonie, Perrigo, Allison L., Rillig, Matthias C., Schaeffer, Andreas, Scheringer, Martin, Schirmer, Kristin, Tlili, Ahmed, Soehl, Anna, Triebskorn, Rita, Vlahos, Penny, vom Berg, Colette, Wang, Zhanyun, Groh, Ksenia J., Sigmund, Gabriel, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Antonelli, Alexandre, Backhaus, Thomas, Brodin, Tomas, Diamond, Miriam L., Erdelen, Walter R., Evers, David C., Hofmann, Thilo, Hueffer, Thorsten, Lai, Adelene, Torres, Joao P.M., Mueller, Leonie, Perrigo, Allison L., Rillig, Matthias C., Schaeffer, Andreas, Scheringer, Martin, Schirmer, Kristin, Tlili, Ahmed, Soehl, Anna, Triebskorn, Rita, Vlahos, Penny, vom Berg, Colette, Wang, Zhanyun, and Groh, Ksenia J.
Abstract: Climate change, biodiversity loss, and chemical pollution are planetary-scale emergencies requiring urgent mitigation actions. As these “triple crises” are deeply interlinked, they need to be tackled in an integrative manner. However, while climate change and biodiversity are often studied together, chemical pollution as a global change factor contributing to worldwide biodiversity loss has received much less attention in biodiversity research so far. Here, we review evidence showing that the multifaceted effects of anthropogenic chemicals in the environment are posing a growing threat to biodiversity and ecosystems. Therefore, failure to account for pollution effects may significantly undermine the success of biodiversity protection efforts. We argue that progress in understanding and counteracting the negative impact of chemical pollution on biodiversity requires collective efforts of scientists from different disciplines, including but not limited to ecology, ecotoxicology, and environmental chemistry. Importantly, recent developments in these fields have now enabled comprehensive studies that could efficiently address the manifold interactions between chemicals and ecosystems. Based on their experience with intricate studies of biodiversity, ecologists are well equipped to embrace the additional challenge of chemical complexity through interdisciplinary collaborations. This offers a unique opportunity to jointly advance a seminal frontier in pollution ecology and facilitate the development of innovative solutions for environmental protection.
Published: 2023

14. Conflicts of Interest in the Assessment of Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution

Author: Schäffer, Andreas, Groh, Ksenia, Sigmund, Gabriel, Azoulay, David, Backhaus, Thomas, Bertram, Michael, Carney Almroth, Bethanie, Cousins, Ian, Ford, Alex, Grimalt, Joan, Guida, Yago, Hansson, Maria, Jeong, Yunsun, Lohmann, Rainer, Michaels, David, Mueller, Leonie, Muncke, Jane, Öberg, Gunilla, Orellana, Marcos, Sanganyado, Edmond, Schäfer, Ralf, Sheriff, Ishmail, Sullivan, Ryan, Suzuki, Noriyuki, Vandenberg, Laura, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, Wagner, Martin, Wang, Fang, Wang, Mengjiao, Soehl, Anna, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Diamond, Miriam, Scheringer, Martin, Schäffer, Andreas, Groh, Ksenia, Sigmund, Gabriel, Azoulay, David, Backhaus, Thomas, Bertram, Michael, Carney Almroth, Bethanie, Cousins, Ian, Ford, Alex, Grimalt, Joan, Guida, Yago, Hansson, Maria, Jeong, Yunsun, Lohmann, Rainer, Michaels, David, Mueller, Leonie, Muncke, Jane, Öberg, Gunilla, Orellana, Marcos, Sanganyado, Edmond, Schäfer, Ralf, Sheriff, Ishmail, Sullivan, Ryan, Suzuki, Noriyuki, Vandenberg, Laura, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, Wagner, Martin, Wang, Fang, Wang, Mengjiao, Soehl, Anna, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Diamond, Miriam, and Scheringer, Martin
Abstract: Pollution by chemicals and waste impacts human and ecosystem health on regional, national, and global scales, resulting, together with climate change and biodiversity loss, in a triple planetary crisis. Consequently, in 2022, countries agreed to establish an intergovernmental science–policy panel (SPP) on chemicals, waste, and pollution prevention, complementary to the existing intergovernmental science–policy bodies on climate change and biodiversity. To ensure the SPP’s success, it is imperative to protect it from conflicts of interest (COI). Here, we (i) define and review the implications of COI, and its relevance for the management of chemicals, waste, and pollution; (ii) summarize established tactics to manufacture doubt in favor of vested interests, i.e., to counter scientific evidence and/or to promote misleading narratives favorable to financial interests; and (iii) illustrate these with selected examples. This analysis leads to a review of arguments for and against chemical industry representation in the SPP’s work. We further (iv) rebut an assertion voiced by some that the chemical industry should be directly involved in the panel’s work because it possesses data on chemicals essential for the panel’s activities. Finally, (v) we present steps that should be taken to prevent the detrimental impacts of COI in the work of the SPP. In particular, we propose to include an independent auditor’s role in the SPP to ensure that participation and processes follow clear COI rules. Among others, the auditor should evaluate the content of the assessments produced to ensure unbiased representation of information that underpins the SPP’s activities.
Published: 2023

15. Key Principles for the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals and Waste

Author: 0000-0002-5485-2634, 0000-0001-9643-1662, 0000-0001-6296-6431, 0000-0002-7391-5768, 0000-0002-3778-4721, 0000-0001-6737-3475, 0000-0002-8232-8565, 0000-0001-8796-3229, 0000-0003-2068-0878, 0000-0002-9366-3342, 0000-0002-2089-8992, 0000-0002-0034-6007, 0000-0002-0809-7826, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Arinaitwe, Kenneth, Backhaus, Thomas, Barra, Ricardo O., Diamond, Miriam L., Grimalt, Joan O., Groh, Ksenia, Kandie, Faith, Kurt-Karakus, Perihan Binnur, Letcher, Robert J., Lohmann, Rainer, Meire, Rodrigo O., Oluseyi, Temilola, Schäffer, Andreas, Septiono, Mochamad, Sigmund, Gabriel, Soehl, Anna, Sogbanmu, Temitope O., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, Scheringer, Martin, 0000-0002-5485-2634, 0000-0001-9643-1662, 0000-0001-6296-6431, 0000-0002-7391-5768, 0000-0002-3778-4721, 0000-0001-6737-3475, 0000-0002-8232-8565, 0000-0001-8796-3229, 0000-0003-2068-0878, 0000-0002-9366-3342, 0000-0002-2089-8992, 0000-0002-0034-6007, 0000-0002-0809-7826, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Arinaitwe, Kenneth, Backhaus, Thomas, Barra, Ricardo O., Diamond, Miriam L., Grimalt, Joan O., Groh, Ksenia, Kandie, Faith, Kurt-Karakus, Perihan Binnur, Letcher, Robert J., Lohmann, Rainer, Meire, Rodrigo O., Oluseyi, Temilola, Schäffer, Andreas, Septiono, Mochamad, Sigmund, Gabriel, Soehl, Anna, Sogbanmu, Temitope O., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, and Scheringer, Martin
Published: 2023

16. Key Principles for the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Panel on Chemicals and Waste

Author: Ågerstrand, Marlene, Arinaitwe, Kenneth, Backhaus, Thomas, Barra, Richardo O., Diamond, Miriam L., Grimalt, Joan O., Groh, Ksenia, Kandie, Faith, Kurt-Karakus, Perihan Binnur, Letcher, Robert J., Lohmann, Rainer, Meire, Rodrigo O., Olueyi, Temilola, Schäfer, Andreas, Septiono, Mochamad, Sigmund, Gabriel, Soehl, Anna, Sogbanmu, Temitope O., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, Scheringer, Martin, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Arinaitwe, Kenneth, Backhaus, Thomas, Barra, Richardo O., Diamond, Miriam L., Grimalt, Joan O., Groh, Ksenia, Kandie, Faith, Kurt-Karakus, Perihan Binnur, Letcher, Robert J., Lohmann, Rainer, Meire, Rodrigo O., Olueyi, Temilola, Schäfer, Andreas, Septiono, Mochamad, Sigmund, Gabriel, Soehl, Anna, Sogbanmu, Temitope O., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, and Scheringer, Martin
Published: 2023

17. Key Principles for the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Panel on Chemicals and Waste

Author: Agerstrand, Marlene, Arinaitwe, Kenneth, Backhaus, Thomas, Barra, Ricardo O., Diamond, Miriam L., Grimalt, Joan O., Groh, Ksenia, Kandie, Faith, Kurt-Karakus, Perihan Binnur, Letcher, Robert J., Lohmann, Rainer, Meire, Rodrigo O., Oluseyi, Temilola, Schäffer, Andreas, Septiono, Mochamad, Sigmund, Gabriel, Soehl, Anna, Sogbanmu, Temitope O., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, Scheringer, Martin, Agerstrand, Marlene, Arinaitwe, Kenneth, Backhaus, Thomas, Barra, Ricardo O., Diamond, Miriam L., Grimalt, Joan O., Groh, Ksenia, Kandie, Faith, Kurt-Karakus, Perihan Binnur, Letcher, Robert J., Lohmann, Rainer, Meire, Rodrigo O., Oluseyi, Temilola, Schäffer, Andreas, Septiono, Mochamad, Sigmund, Gabriel, Soehl, Anna, Sogbanmu, Temitope O., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, and Scheringer, Martin
Abstract: In 2021, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) recognized chemical pollution as a planetary crisis tantamount to climate change and biodiversity decline. (1) In an important next step, the international community agreed in March 2022 on establishing an independent, intergovernmental science–policy panel on chemicals, waste, and pollution prevention (hereafter termed “the Panel”). (2) This Panel will take its place among two other intergovernmental bodies, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (3) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). (4) Now is a crucial time for establishing the Panel, following a process facilitated by UNEP to negotiate the Panel’s scope, functions, and institutional design, with the ambition to formally establish the Panel in 2024. As a group of international scientists working on chemical pollution, we applaud this milestone of progress to initiate the establishment of a panel for chemicals, waste, and pollution prevention. At the beginning of the negotiating process, we would like to highlight the following 10 critical aspects for consideration in determining the settings of the Panel.
Published: 2023
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18. Conflicts of Interest in the Assessment of Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution

Author: Schäffer, Andreas, Groh, Ksenia J., Sigmund, Gabriel, Azoulay, David, Backhaus, Thomas, Bertram, Michael G., Almroth, Bethanie Carney, Cousins, Ian T., Ford, Alex T., Grimalt, Joan O., Guida, Yago, Hansson, Maria C., Jeong, Yunsun, Lohmann, Rainer, Michaels, David, Mueller, Leonie, Muncke, Jane, Öberg, Gunilla, Orellana, Marcos A., Sanganyado, Edmond, Schäfer, Ralf Bernhard, Sheriff, Ishmail, Sullivan, Ryan C., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Vandenberg, Laura N., Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, Wagner, Martin, Wang, Fang, Wang, Mengjiao, Soehl, Anna, Agerstrand, Marlene, Diamond, Miriam L., Scheringer, Martin, Schäffer, Andreas, Groh, Ksenia J., Sigmund, Gabriel, Azoulay, David, Backhaus, Thomas, Bertram, Michael G., Almroth, Bethanie Carney, Cousins, Ian T., Ford, Alex T., Grimalt, Joan O., Guida, Yago, Hansson, Maria C., Jeong, Yunsun, Lohmann, Rainer, Michaels, David, Mueller, Leonie, Muncke, Jane, Öberg, Gunilla, Orellana, Marcos A., Sanganyado, Edmond, Schäfer, Ralf Bernhard, Sheriff, Ishmail, Sullivan, Ryan C., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Vandenberg, Laura N., Venier, Marta, Vlahos, Penny, Wagner, Martin, Wang, Fang, Wang, Mengjiao, Soehl, Anna, Agerstrand, Marlene, Diamond, Miriam L., and Scheringer, Martin
Abstract: Pollution by chemicals and waste impacts human and ecosystem health on regional, national, and global scales, resulting, together with climate change and biodiversity loss, in a triple planetary crisis. Consequently, in 2022, countries agreed to establish an intergovernmental science–policy panel (SPP) on chemicals, waste, and pollution prevention, complementary to the existing intergovernmental science–policy bodies on climate change and biodiversity. To ensure the SPP’s success, it is imperative to protect it from conflicts of interest (COI). Here, we (i) define and review the implications of COI, and its relevance for the management of chemicals, waste, and pollution; (ii) summarize established tactics to manufacture doubt in favor of vested interests, i.e., to counter scientific evidence and/or to promote misleading narratives favorable to financial interests; and (iii) illustrate these with selected examples. This analysis leads to a review of arguments for and against chemical industry representation in the SPP’s work. We further (iv) rebut an assertion voiced by some that the chemical industry should be directly involved in the panel’s work because it possesses data on chemicals essential for the panel’s activities. Finally, (v) we present steps that should be taken to prevent the detrimental impacts of COI in the work of the SPP. In particular, we propose to include an independent auditor’s role in the SPP to ensure that participation and processes follow clear COI rules. Among others, the auditor should evaluate the content of the assessments produced to ensure unbiased representation of information that underpins the SPP’s activities.
Published: 2023

19. A Search for Low-mass Dark Matter via Bremsstrahlung Radiation and the Migdal Effect in SuperCDMS

Author: SuperCDMS Collaboration, Al-Bakry, Musaab, Alkhatib, Imran, Amaral, Dorian Praia do, Aralis, Taylor, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Arnquist, Isaac, Langroudy, Iman Ataee, Azadbakht, Elham, Banik, Samir, Bathurst, Corey, Bauer, Dan, Bezerra, Lucas, Bhattacharyya, Rik, Brink, Paul, Bunker, Ray, Cabrera, Blas, Calkins, Robert, Cameron, Robert, Cartaro, Concetta, Cerdeno, David, Chang, Yen-Yung, Chaudhuri, Mouli, Chen, Ran, Chott, Nicholas, Cooley, Jodi, Coombes, Harrison, Corbett, Jonathan, Cushman, Priscilla, De Brienne, François, Dharani, Sukeerthi, di Vacri, Maria Laura, Diamond, Miriam, Fascione, Eleanor, Figueroa, Enectali, Fink, Caleb, Fouts, Ken, Fritts, Matt, Gerbier, Gilles, Germond, Richard, Ghaith, Muad, Golwala, Sunil, Hall, Jeter, Hassan, Noah, Hines, Bruce, Hollister, Matt, Hong, Ziqing, Hoppe, Eric, Hsu, Lauren, Huber, Martin, Iyer, Vijay, Jardin, Daniel, Jastram, Andrew, Kashyap, Varchaswi, Kelsey, Michael, Kubik, Andrew, Kurinsky, Noah, Lawrence, Richard, Lee, Matthew, Li, Ashley, Liu, Jasmine, Liu, Yan, Loer, Ben, Lukens, Pat, MacFarlane, David, Mahapatra, Rupak, Mandic, Vuk, Mast, Nicholas, Mayer, Adam, Theenhausen, Hanno Meyer zu, Michaud, Émile, Michielin, Emanuele, Mirabolfathi, Nader, Mohanty, Bedangadas, Nagorny, Serge, Nelson, Jack, Neog, Himangshu, Novati, Valentina, Orrell, John, Osborne, McKay, Oser, Scott, Page, William, Partridge, Richard, Pedreros, David S., Podviianiuk, Ruslan, Ponce, Francisco, Poudel, Sudip, Pradeep, Aditi, Pyle, Matt, Rau, Wolfgang, Reid, Elliott, Ren, Tom, Reynolds, Tyler, Roberts, Amy, Robinson, Alan, Saab, Tarek, Sadoulet, Bernard, Saikia, Ishwita, Sander, Joel, Sattari, Ata, Schmidt, Benjamin, Schnee, Richard, Scorza, Silvia, Serfass, Bruno, Poudel, Sagar Sharma, Sincavage, Derek, Stanford, Chris, Street, Joseph, Sun, Huanbo, Thasrawala, Fatema, Toback, David, Underwood, Ryan, Verma, Shubham, Villano, Anthony, von Krosigk, Belina, Watkins, Samuel, Wen, Osmond, Williams, Zachary, Wilson, Matthew, Winchell, Joshua, Wu, Chih-pan, Wykoff, Kevin, Yellin, Steve, Young, Betty, Yu, To Chin, Zatschler, Birgit, Zatschler, Stefan, Zaytsev, Alexander, Zhang, Enze, Zheng, Lei, Zuber, Summer, SuperCDMS Collaboration, Al-Bakry, Musaab, Alkhatib, Imran, Amaral, Dorian Praia do, Aralis, Taylor, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Arnquist, Isaac, Langroudy, Iman Ataee, Azadbakht, Elham, Banik, Samir, Bathurst, Corey, Bauer, Dan, Bezerra, Lucas, Bhattacharyya, Rik, Brink, Paul, Bunker, Ray, Cabrera, Blas, Calkins, Robert, Cameron, Robert, Cartaro, Concetta, Cerdeno, David, Chang, Yen-Yung, Chaudhuri, Mouli, Chen, Ran, Chott, Nicholas, Cooley, Jodi, Coombes, Harrison, Corbett, Jonathan, Cushman, Priscilla, De Brienne, François, Dharani, Sukeerthi, di Vacri, Maria Laura, Diamond, Miriam, Fascione, Eleanor, Figueroa, Enectali, Fink, Caleb, Fouts, Ken, Fritts, Matt, Gerbier, Gilles, Germond, Richard, Ghaith, Muad, Golwala, Sunil, Hall, Jeter, Hassan, Noah, Hines, Bruce, Hollister, Matt, Hong, Ziqing, Hoppe, Eric, Hsu, Lauren, Huber, Martin, Iyer, Vijay, Jardin, Daniel, Jastram, Andrew, Kashyap, Varchaswi, Kelsey, Michael, Kubik, Andrew, Kurinsky, Noah, Lawrence, Richard, Lee, Matthew, Li, Ashley, Liu, Jasmine, Liu, Yan, Loer, Ben, Lukens, Pat, MacFarlane, David, Mahapatra, Rupak, Mandic, Vuk, Mast, Nicholas, Mayer, Adam, Theenhausen, Hanno Meyer zu, Michaud, Émile, Michielin, Emanuele, Mirabolfathi, Nader, Mohanty, Bedangadas, Nagorny, Serge, Nelson, Jack, Neog, Himangshu, Novati, Valentina, Orrell, John, Osborne, McKay, Oser, Scott, Page, William, Partridge, Richard, Pedreros, David S., Podviianiuk, Ruslan, Ponce, Francisco, Poudel, Sudip, Pradeep, Aditi, Pyle, Matt, Rau, Wolfgang, Reid, Elliott, Ren, Tom, Reynolds, Tyler, Roberts, Amy, Robinson, Alan, Saab, Tarek, Sadoulet, Bernard, Saikia, Ishwita, Sander, Joel, Sattari, Ata, Schmidt, Benjamin, Schnee, Richard, Scorza, Silvia, Serfass, Bruno, Poudel, Sagar Sharma, Sincavage, Derek, Stanford, Chris, Street, Joseph, Sun, Huanbo, Thasrawala, Fatema, Toback, David, Underwood, Ryan, Verma, Shubham, Villano, Anthony, von Krosigk, Belina, Watkins, Samuel, Wen, Osmond, Williams, Zachary, Wilson, Matthew, Winchell, Joshua, Wu, Chih-pan, Wykoff, Kevin, Yellin, Steve, Young, Betty, Yu, To Chin, Zatschler, Birgit, Zatschler, Stefan, Zaytsev, Alexander, Zhang, Enze, Zheng, Lei, and Zuber, Summer
Abstract: In this paper, we present a re-analysis of SuperCDMS data using a profile likelihood approach to search for sub-GeV dark matter particles (DM) through two inelastic scattering channels: bremsstrahlung radiation and the Migdal effect. By considering possible inelastic scattering channels, experimental sensitivity can be extended to DM masses that would otherwise be undetectable through the DM-nucleon elastic scattering channel, given the energy threshold of current experiments. We exclude DM masses down to $220~\textrm{MeV}/c^2$ at $2.7 \times 10^{-30}~\textrm{cm}^2$ via the bremsstrahlung channel. The Migdal channel search excludes DM masses down to $30~\textrm{MeV}/c^2$ at $5.0 \times 10^{-30}~\textrm{cm}^2$., Comment: This paper is being withdrawn due to an error in data selection during the analysis. Although incorrect, the limits are roughly representative of the sensitivity. The new corrected version of the result will be uploaded once ready
Published: 2022

20. Understanding and addressing the planetary crisis of chemicals and plastics

Author: Carney Almroth, Bethanie, Cornell, Sarah E., Diamond, Miriam L., de Wit, Cynthia A., Fantke, Peter, Wang, Zhanyun, Carney Almroth, Bethanie, Cornell, Sarah E., Diamond, Miriam L., de Wit, Cynthia A., Fantke, Peter, and Wang, Zhanyun
Abstract: Planetary functions are destabilized by the releases of large quantities and numbers of anthropogenic chemicals, which go beyond planetary boundaries and threaten the safe operating space for humanity. Here, we call for urgent action to mitigate these threats and identify opportunities for intervention along the impact pathway of anthropogenic chemicals, including plastics.
Published: 2022
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21. Broaden chemicals scope in biodiversity targets

Author: Sigmund, Gabriel, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Brodin, Tomas, Diamond, Miriam L., Erdelen, Walter R., Evers, David C., Lai, Adelene, Rillig, Matthias C., Schäffer, Andreas, Soehl, Anna, Torres, João Paulo M., Wang, Zhanyun, Groh, Ksenia J., Sigmund, Gabriel, Ågerstrand, Marlene, Brodin, Tomas, Diamond, Miriam L., Erdelen, Walter R., Evers, David C., Lai, Adelene, Rillig, Matthias C., Schäffer, Andreas, Soehl, Anna, Torres, João Paulo M., Wang, Zhanyun, and Groh, Ksenia J.
Published: 2022
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22. Outside the Safe Operating Space of the Planetary Boundary for Novel Entities

Author: Persson, Linn, Carney Almroth, Bethanie M., Collins, Christopher D., Cornell, Sarah E., de Wit, Cynthia A., Diamond, Miriam L., Fantke, Peter, Hassellöv, Martin, MacLeod, Matthew, Ryberg, Morten W., Søgaard Jørgensen, Peter, Villarrubia-Gómez, Patricia, Wang, Zhanyun, Zwicky Hauschild, Michael, Persson, Linn, Carney Almroth, Bethanie M., Collins, Christopher D., Cornell, Sarah E., de Wit, Cynthia A., Diamond, Miriam L., Fantke, Peter, Hassellöv, Martin, MacLeod, Matthew, Ryberg, Morten W., Søgaard Jørgensen, Peter, Villarrubia-Gómez, Patricia, Wang, Zhanyun, and Zwicky Hauschild, Michael
Abstract: We submit that the safe operating space of the planetary boundary of novel entities is exceeded since annual production and releases are increasing at a pace that outstrips the global capacity for assessment and monitoring. The novel entities boundary in the planetary boundaries framework refers to entities that are novel in a geological sense and that could have large-scale impacts that threaten the integrity of Earth system processes. We review the scientific literature relevant to quantifying the boundary for novel entities and highlight plastic pollution as a particular aspect of high concern. An impact pathway from production of novel entities to impacts on Earth system processes is presented. We define and apply three criteria for assessment of the suitability of control variables for the boundary: feasibility, relevance, and comprehensiveness. We propose several complementary control variables to capture the complexity of this boundary, while acknowledging major data limitations. We conclude that humanity is currently operating outside the planetary boundary based on the weight-of-evidence for several of these control variables. The increasing rate of production and releases of larger volumes and higher numbers of novel entities with diverse risk potentials exceed societies’ ability to conduct safety related assessments and monitoring. We recommend taking urgent action to reduce the harm associated with exceeding the boundary by reducing the production and releases of novel entities, noting that even so, the persistence of many novel entities and/or their associated effects will continue to pose a threat.
Published: 2022
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23. Enhancing Scientific Support for the Stockholm Convention’s Implementation : An Analysis of Policy Needs for Scientific Evidence

Author: Wang, Zhanyun, Adu-Kumi, Sam, Diamond, Miriam L., Guardans, Ramon, Harner, Tom, Harte, Agustín, Kajiwara, Natsuko, Klánová, Jana, Liu, Jianguo, Moreira, Estefania Gastaldello, Muir, Derek C. G., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Pinas, Victorine, Seppälä, Timo, Weber, Roland, Yuan, Bo, Wang, Zhanyun, Adu-Kumi, Sam, Diamond, Miriam L., Guardans, Ramon, Harner, Tom, Harte, Agustín, Kajiwara, Natsuko, Klánová, Jana, Liu, Jianguo, Moreira, Estefania Gastaldello, Muir, Derek C. G., Suzuki, Noriyuki, Pinas, Victorine, Seppälä, Timo, Weber, Roland, and Yuan, Bo
Abstract: The Stockholm Convention is key to addressing the global threats of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to humanity and the environment. It has been successful in identifying new POPs, but its national implementation remains challenging, particularly by low- and middle-income Parties. Concerted action is needed to assist Parties in implementing the Convention’s obligations. This analysis aims to identify and recommend research and scientific support needed for timely implementation of the Convention. We aim this analysis at scientists and experts from a variety of natural and social sciences and from all sectors (academia, civil society, industry, and government institutions), as well as research funding agencies. Further, we provide practical guidance to scientists and experts to promote the visibility and accessibility of their work for the Convention’s implementation, followed by recommendations for sustaining scientific support to the Convention. This study is the first of a series on analyzing policy needs for scientific evidence under global governance on chemicals and waste.
Published: 2022
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24. Recent Progress and Next Steps for the MATHUSLA LLP Detector

Author: Alpigiani, Cristiano, Arteaga-Velázquez, Juan Carlos, Ball, Austin, Barak, Liron, Barron, Jared, Batell, Brian, Beacham, James, Benhammo, Yan, Brau, Benjamin, Caballero-Mora, Karen Salomé, Camarri, Paolo, Cardarelli, Roberto, Chou, John Paul, Cui, Wentao, Curtin, David, Diamond, Miriam, Dienes, Keith R., Dougherty, Liam Andrew, Dougherty, William, Drewes, Marco, Erramilli, Sameer, Essig, Rouven, Etzion, Erez, Evans, Jared, Téllez, Arturo Fernández, Finlayson, Grace, Fischer, Oliver, Freeman, Jim, Gall, Jonathan, Garabaglu, Ali, Garcia-Bellido, Aran, Giagu, Stefano, Gomber, Bhawna, Greenberg, Stephen Elliott, Guida, Roberto, Haas, Andy, Hassan, Bahgat, Heng, Yuekun, Hsu, Shih-Chieh, Humphrey, Keegan, Iaselli, Giuseppe, Johns, Ken, Kvam, Audrey, Lazic, Dragoslav, Li, Liang, Liao, Jiahao, Liberti, Barbara, Liu, Zhen, Lubatti, Henry, Luo, Lillian, Marsella, Giovanni, Hernández, Mario Iván Martínez, McCullough, Matthew, McKeen, David, Meade, Patrick, Mizrachi, Gilad, Morales-Olivares, O. G., Morrissey, David, Morvai, Ljiljana, Moshe, Meny Raviv, Panagiotou, Michalis, Proffitt, Mason, Ramirez, Dennis Cazar, Reece, Matthew, Robertson, Steven H., Rodríguez-Cahuantzi, Mario, de Roeck, Albert, Roepe, Amber, Ruckman, Larry, Russell, James John, Russell, Heather, Saka, Halil, Santonico, Rinaldo, Schioppa, Marco, Di Sciascio, Giuseppe, Shelton, Jessie, Shuve, Brian, Silver, Yiftah, Di Stante, Luigi, Stolarski, Daniel, Strauss, Mike, Strom, David, Stupak, John, Vasquez, Martin A. Subieta, Swain, Sanjay Kumar, Tan, Chin Lung, Muñoz, Guillermo Tejeda, Thayil, Steffie Ann, Thomas, Brooks, Torro, Emma, Tsai, Yuhsin, Watts, Gordon, Xu, Zijun, Young, Charles, Zolkin, Igor, Zurita, Jose, Alpigiani, Cristiano, Arteaga-Velázquez, Juan Carlos, Ball, Austin, Barak, Liron, Barron, Jared, Batell, Brian, Beacham, James, Benhammo, Yan, Brau, Benjamin, Caballero-Mora, Karen Salomé, Camarri, Paolo, Cardarelli, Roberto, Chou, John Paul, Cui, Wentao, Curtin, David, Diamond, Miriam, Dienes, Keith R., Dougherty, Liam Andrew, Dougherty, William, Drewes, Marco, Erramilli, Sameer, Essig, Rouven, Etzion, Erez, Evans, Jared, Téllez, Arturo Fernández, Finlayson, Grace, Fischer, Oliver, Freeman, Jim, Gall, Jonathan, Garabaglu, Ali, Garcia-Bellido, Aran, Giagu, Stefano, Gomber, Bhawna, Greenberg, Stephen Elliott, Guida, Roberto, Haas, Andy, Hassan, Bahgat, Heng, Yuekun, Hsu, Shih-Chieh, Humphrey, Keegan, Iaselli, Giuseppe, Johns, Ken, Kvam, Audrey, Lazic, Dragoslav, Li, Liang, Liao, Jiahao, Liberti, Barbara, Liu, Zhen, Lubatti, Henry, Luo, Lillian, Marsella, Giovanni, Hernández, Mario Iván Martínez, McCullough, Matthew, McKeen, David, Meade, Patrick, Mizrachi, Gilad, Morales-Olivares, O. G., Morrissey, David, Morvai, Ljiljana, Moshe, Meny Raviv, Panagiotou, Michalis, Proffitt, Mason, Ramirez, Dennis Cazar, Reece, Matthew, Robertson, Steven H., Rodríguez-Cahuantzi, Mario, de Roeck, Albert, Roepe, Amber, Ruckman, Larry, Russell, James John, Russell, Heather, Saka, Halil, Santonico, Rinaldo, Schioppa, Marco, Di Sciascio, Giuseppe, Shelton, Jessie, Shuve, Brian, Silver, Yiftah, Di Stante, Luigi, Stolarski, Daniel, Strauss, Mike, Strom, David, Stupak, John, Vasquez, Martin A. Subieta, Swain, Sanjay Kumar, Tan, Chin Lung, Muñoz, Guillermo Tejeda, Thayil, Steffie Ann, Thomas, Brooks, Torro, Emma, Tsai, Yuhsin, Watts, Gordon, Xu, Zijun, Young, Charles, Zolkin, Igor, and Zurita, Jose
Abstract: We report on recent progress and next steps in the design of the proposed MATHUSLA Long Lived Particle (LLP) detector for the HL-LHC as part of the Snowmass 2021 process. Our understanding of backgrounds has greatly improved, aided by detailed simulation studies, and significant R&D has been performed on designing the scintillator detectors and understanding their performance. The collaboration is on track to complete a Technical Design Report, and there are many opportunities for interested new members to contribute towards the goal of designing and constructing MATHUSLA in time for HL-LHC collisions, which would increase the sensitivity to a large variety of highly motivated LLP signals by orders of magnitude., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021 (EF09, EF10, IF6, IF9), 18 pages, 12 figures. v2: included additional endorsers. v3: updated affiliations. v4: added missing contributors as authors
Published: 2022

25. The Heavy Photon Search Experiment

Author: Baltzell, Nathan, Battaglieri, Marco, Bondi, Mariangela, Boyarinov, Sergei, Bravo, Cameron, Bueltmann, Stephen, Burkert, Volker, Butti, Pierfrancesco, Cao, Tongtong, Carpinelli, Massimo, Celentano, Andrea, Charles, Gabriel, Cuevas, Chris, D'Angelo, Annalisa, D'Urso, Domenico, Dashyan, Natalia, De Napoli, Marzio, De Vita, Raffaella, Deur, Alexandre, Diamond, Miriam, Dupre, Raphael, Essig, Rouven, Fadeyev, Vitaliy, Field, R. Clive, Filippi, Alessandra, Gaiser, Sarah, Gevorgyan, Nerses, Graf, Norman, Graham, Mathew, Guidal, Michel, Herbst, Ryan, Holtrop, Maurik, Jaros, John, Johnson, Robert, Kubarovsky, Valery, Marchand, Dominique, Marsicano, Luca, Maruyama, Takashi, McCarty, Samantha, McCormick, Jeremy, McKinnon, Bryan, Moreno, Omar, Munoz-Camacho, Carlos, Nelson, Timothy, Niccolai, Silvia, O'Dwyer, Rory, Paremuzyan, Rafayel, Peets, Emrys, Randazzo, Nunzio, Raydo, Benjamin, Reese, Benjamin, Schuster, Philip, Simi, Gabriele, Sipala, Valeria, Solt, Matthew, Spellman, Alic, Stepanyan, Stepan, Szumila-Vance, Holly, Tompkins, Lauren, Toro, Natalia, Ungaro, Maurizio, Voskanyan, Hakop, Baltzell, Nathan, Battaglieri, Marco, Bondi, Mariangela, Boyarinov, Sergei, Bravo, Cameron, Bueltmann, Stephen, Burkert, Volker, Butti, Pierfrancesco, Cao, Tongtong, Carpinelli, Massimo, Celentano, Andrea, Charles, Gabriel, Cuevas, Chris, D'Angelo, Annalisa, D'Urso, Domenico, Dashyan, Natalia, De Napoli, Marzio, De Vita, Raffaella, Deur, Alexandre, Diamond, Miriam, Dupre, Raphael, Essig, Rouven, Fadeyev, Vitaliy, Field, R. Clive, Filippi, Alessandra, Gaiser, Sarah, Gevorgyan, Nerses, Graf, Norman, Graham, Mathew, Guidal, Michel, Herbst, Ryan, Holtrop, Maurik, Jaros, John, Johnson, Robert, Kubarovsky, Valery, Marchand, Dominique, Marsicano, Luca, Maruyama, Takashi, McCarty, Samantha, McCormick, Jeremy, McKinnon, Bryan, Moreno, Omar, Munoz-Camacho, Carlos, Nelson, Timothy, Niccolai, Silvia, O'Dwyer, Rory, Paremuzyan, Rafayel, Peets, Emrys, Randazzo, Nunzio, Raydo, Benjamin, Reese, Benjamin, Schuster, Philip, Simi, Gabriele, Sipala, Valeria, Solt, Matthew, Spellman, Alic, Stepanyan, Stepan, Szumila-Vance, Holly, Tompkins, Lauren, Toro, Natalia, Ungaro, Maurizio, and Voskanyan, Hakop
Abstract: The Heavy Photon Search (HPS) experiment is designed to search for a new vector boson $A^\prime$ in the mass range of 20 MeV/$c^2$ to 220 MeV/$c^2$ that kinetically mixes with the Standard Model photon with couplings $\epsilon^2 >10^{-10}$. In addition to the general importance of exploring light, weakly coupled physics that is difficult to probe with high-energy colliders, a prime motivation for this search is the possibility that sub-GeV thermal relics constitute dark matter, a scenario that requires a new comparably light mediator, where models with a hidden $U(1)$ gauge symmetry, a "dark", "hidden sector", or "heavy" photon, are particularly attractive. HPS searches for visible signatures of these heavy photons, taking advantage of their small coupling to electric charge to produce them via a process analogous to bremsstrahlung in a fixed target and detect their subsequent decay to $\mathrm{e}^+ \mathrm{e}^-$ pairs in a compact spectrometer. In addition to searching for $\mathrm{e}^+ \mathrm{e}^-$ resonances atop large QED backgrounds, HPS has the ability to precisely measure decay lengths, resulting in unique sensitivity to dark photons, as well as other long-lived new physics. After completion of the experiment and operation of engineering runs in 2015 and 2016 at the JLab CEBAF, physics runs in 2019 and 2021 have provided datasets that are now being analyzed to search for dark photons and other new phenomena., Comment: Submitted to the Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021)
Published: 2022

26. A Search for Low-mass Dark Matter via Bremsstrahlung Radiation and the Migdal Effect in SuperCDMS

Author: SuperCDMS Collaboration, Al-Bakry, Musaab, Alkhatib, Imran, Amaral, Dorian Praia do, Aralis, Taylor, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Arnquist, Isaac, Langroudy, Iman Ataee, Azadbakht, Elham, Banik, Samir, Bathurst, Corey, Bauer, Dan, Bezerra, Lucas, Bhattacharyya, Rik, Brink, Paul, Bunker, Ray, Cabrera, Blas, Calkins, Robert, Cameron, Robert, Cartaro, Concetta, Cerdeno, David, Chang, Yen-Yung, Chaudhuri, Mouli, Chen, Ran, Chott, Nicholas, Cooley, Jodi, Coombes, Harrison, Corbett, Jonathan, Cushman, Priscilla, De Brienne, François, Dharani, Sukeerthi, di Vacri, Maria Laura, Diamond, Miriam, Fascione, Eleanor, Figueroa, Enectali, Fink, Caleb, Fouts, Ken, Fritts, Matt, Gerbier, Gilles, Germond, Richard, Ghaith, Muad, Golwala, Sunil, Hall, Jeter, Hassan, Noah, Hines, Bruce, Hollister, Matt, Hong, Ziqing, Hoppe, Eric, Hsu, Lauren, Huber, Martin, Iyer, Vijay, Jardin, Daniel, Jastram, Andrew, Kashyap, Varchaswi, Kelsey, Michael, Kubik, Andrew, Kurinsky, Noah, Lawrence, Richard, Lee, Matthew, Li, Ashley, Liu, Jasmine, Liu, Yan, Loer, Ben, Lukens, Pat, MacFarlane, David, Mahapatra, Rupak, Mandic, Vuk, Mast, Nicholas, Mayer, Adam, Theenhausen, Hanno Meyer zu, Michaud, Émile, Michielin, Emanuele, Mirabolfathi, Nader, Mohanty, Bedangadas, Nagorny, Serge, Nelson, Jack, Neog, Himangshu, Novati, Valentina, Orrell, John, Osborne, McKay, Oser, Scott, Page, William, Partridge, Richard, Pedreros, David S., Podviianiuk, Ruslan, Ponce, Francisco, Poudel, Sudip, Pradeep, Aditi, Pyle, Matt, Rau, Wolfgang, Reid, Elliott, Ren, Tom, Reynolds, Tyler, Roberts, Amy, Robinson, Alan, Saab, Tarek, Sadoulet, Bernard, Saikia, Ishwita, Sander, Joel, Sattari, Ata, Schmidt, Benjamin, Schnee, Richard, Scorza, Silvia, Serfass, Bruno, Poudel, Sagar Sharma, Sincavage, Derek, Stanford, Chris, Street, Joseph, Sun, Huanbo, Thasrawala, Fatema, Toback, David, Underwood, Ryan, Verma, Shubham, Villano, Anthony, von Krosigk, Belina, Watkins, Samuel, Wen, Osmond, Williams, Zachary, Wilson, Matthew, Winchell, Joshua, Wu, Chih-pan, Wykoff, Kevin, Yellin, Steve, Young, Betty, Yu, To Chin, Zatschler, Birgit, Zatschler, Stefan, Zaytsev, Alexander, Zhang, Enze, Zheng, Lei, Zuber, Summer, SuperCDMS Collaboration, Al-Bakry, Musaab, Alkhatib, Imran, Amaral, Dorian Praia do, Aralis, Taylor, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Arnquist, Isaac, Langroudy, Iman Ataee, Azadbakht, Elham, Banik, Samir, Bathurst, Corey, Bauer, Dan, Bezerra, Lucas, Bhattacharyya, Rik, Brink, Paul, Bunker, Ray, Cabrera, Blas, Calkins, Robert, Cameron, Robert, Cartaro, Concetta, Cerdeno, David, Chang, Yen-Yung, Chaudhuri, Mouli, Chen, Ran, Chott, Nicholas, Cooley, Jodi, Coombes, Harrison, Corbett, Jonathan, Cushman, Priscilla, De Brienne, François, Dharani, Sukeerthi, di Vacri, Maria Laura, Diamond, Miriam, Fascione, Eleanor, Figueroa, Enectali, Fink, Caleb, Fouts, Ken, Fritts, Matt, Gerbier, Gilles, Germond, Richard, Ghaith, Muad, Golwala, Sunil, Hall, Jeter, Hassan, Noah, Hines, Bruce, Hollister, Matt, Hong, Ziqing, Hoppe, Eric, Hsu, Lauren, Huber, Martin, Iyer, Vijay, Jardin, Daniel, Jastram, Andrew, Kashyap, Varchaswi, Kelsey, Michael, Kubik, Andrew, Kurinsky, Noah, Lawrence, Richard, Lee, Matthew, Li, Ashley, Liu, Jasmine, Liu, Yan, Loer, Ben, Lukens, Pat, MacFarlane, David, Mahapatra, Rupak, Mandic, Vuk, Mast, Nicholas, Mayer, Adam, Theenhausen, Hanno Meyer zu, Michaud, Émile, Michielin, Emanuele, Mirabolfathi, Nader, Mohanty, Bedangadas, Nagorny, Serge, Nelson, Jack, Neog, Himangshu, Novati, Valentina, Orrell, John, Osborne, McKay, Oser, Scott, Page, William, Partridge, Richard, Pedreros, David S., Podviianiuk, Ruslan, Ponce, Francisco, Poudel, Sudip, Pradeep, Aditi, Pyle, Matt, Rau, Wolfgang, Reid, Elliott, Ren, Tom, Reynolds, Tyler, Roberts, Amy, Robinson, Alan, Saab, Tarek, Sadoulet, Bernard, Saikia, Ishwita, Sander, Joel, Sattari, Ata, Schmidt, Benjamin, Schnee, Richard, Scorza, Silvia, Serfass, Bruno, Poudel, Sagar Sharma, Sincavage, Derek, Stanford, Chris, Street, Joseph, Sun, Huanbo, Thasrawala, Fatema, Toback, David, Underwood, Ryan, Verma, Shubham, Villano, Anthony, von Krosigk, Belina, Watkins, Samuel, Wen, Osmond, Williams, Zachary, Wilson, Matthew, Winchell, Joshua, Wu, Chih-pan, Wykoff, Kevin, Yellin, Steve, Young, Betty, Yu, To Chin, Zatschler, Birgit, Zatschler, Stefan, Zaytsev, Alexander, Zhang, Enze, Zheng, Lei, and Zuber, Summer
Abstract: In this paper, we present a re-analysis of SuperCDMS data using a profile likelihood approach to search for sub-GeV dark matter particles (DM) through two inelastic scattering channels: bremsstrahlung radiation and the Migdal effect. By considering possible inelastic scattering channels, experimental sensitivity can be extended to DM masses that would otherwise be undetectable through the DM-nucleon elastic scattering channel, given the energy threshold of current experiments. We exclude DM masses down to $220~\textrm{MeV}/c^2$ at $2.7 \times 10^{-30}~\textrm{cm}^2$ via the bremsstrahlung channel. The Migdal channel search excludes DM masses down to $30~\textrm{MeV}/c^2$ at $5.0 \times 10^{-30}~\textrm{cm}^2$., Comment: This paper is being withdrawn due to an error in data selection during the analysis. Although incorrect, the limits are roughly representative of the sensitivity. The new corrected version of the result will be uploaded once ready
Published: 2022

27. Understanding and addressing the planetary crisis of chemicals and plastics

Author: Carney Almroth, Bethanie, Cornell, Sarah E., Diamond, Miriam L., de Wit, Cynthia A., Fantke, Peter, Wang, Zhanyun, Carney Almroth, Bethanie, Cornell, Sarah E., Diamond, Miriam L., de Wit, Cynthia A., Fantke, Peter, and Wang, Zhanyun
Abstract: Planetary functions are destabilized by the releases of large quantities and numbers of anthropogenic chemicals, which go beyond planetary boundaries and threaten the safe operating space for humanity. Here, we call for urgent action to mitigate these threats and identify opportunities for intervention along the impact pathway of anthropogenic chemicals, including plastics.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Understanding and addressing the planetary crisis of chemicals and plastics

Author: Carney Almroth, Bethanie, Cornell, Sarah E., Diamond, Miriam L., de Wit, Cynthia A., Fantke, Peter, Wang, Zhanyun, Carney Almroth, Bethanie, Cornell, Sarah E., Diamond, Miriam L., de Wit, Cynthia A., Fantke, Peter, and Wang, Zhanyun
Abstract: Planetary functions are destabilized by the releases of large quantities and numbers of anthropogenic chemicals, which go beyond planetary boundaries and threaten the safe operating space for humanity. Here, we call for urgent action to mitigate these threats and identify opportunities for intervention along the impact pathway of anthropogenic chemicals, including plastics.
Published: 2022

29. The Heavy Photon Search Experiment

Author: Baltzell, Nathan, Battaglieri, Marco, Bondi, Mariangela, Boyarinov, Sergei, Bravo, Cameron, Bueltmann, Stephen, Burkert, Volker, Butti, Pierfrancesco, Cao, Tongtong, Carpinelli, Massimo, Celentano, Andrea, Charles, Gabriel, Cuevas, Chris, D'Angelo, Annalisa, D'Urso, Domenico, Dashyan, Natalia, De Napoli, Marzio, De Vita, Raffaella, Deur, Alexandre, Diamond, Miriam, Dupre, Raphael, Essig, Rouven, Fadeyev, Vitaliy, Field, R. Clive, Filippi, Alessandra, Gaiser, Sarah, Gevorgyan, Nerses, Graf, Norman, Graham, Mathew, Guidal, Michel, Herbst, Ryan, Holtrop, Maurik, Jaros, John, Johnson, Robert, Kubarovsky, Valery, Marchand, Dominique, Marsicano, Luca, Maruyama, Takashi, McCarty, Samantha, McCormick, Jeremy, McKinnon, Bryan, Moreno, Omar, Munoz-Camacho, Carlos, Nelson, Timothy, Niccolai, Silvia, O'Dwyer, Rory, Paremuzyan, Rafayel, Peets, Emrys, Randazzo, Nunzio, Raydo, Benjamin, Reese, Benjamin, Schuster, Philip, Simi, Gabriele, Sipala, Valeria, Solt, Matthew, Spellman, Alic, Stepanyan, Stepan, Szumila-Vance, Holly, Tompkins, Lauren, Toro, Natalia, Ungaro, Maurizio, Voskanyan, Hakop, Baltzell, Nathan, Battaglieri, Marco, Bondi, Mariangela, Boyarinov, Sergei, Bravo, Cameron, Bueltmann, Stephen, Burkert, Volker, Butti, Pierfrancesco, Cao, Tongtong, Carpinelli, Massimo, Celentano, Andrea, Charles, Gabriel, Cuevas, Chris, D'Angelo, Annalisa, D'Urso, Domenico, Dashyan, Natalia, De Napoli, Marzio, De Vita, Raffaella, Deur, Alexandre, Diamond, Miriam, Dupre, Raphael, Essig, Rouven, Fadeyev, Vitaliy, Field, R. Clive, Filippi, Alessandra, Gaiser, Sarah, Gevorgyan, Nerses, Graf, Norman, Graham, Mathew, Guidal, Michel, Herbst, Ryan, Holtrop, Maurik, Jaros, John, Johnson, Robert, Kubarovsky, Valery, Marchand, Dominique, Marsicano, Luca, Maruyama, Takashi, McCarty, Samantha, McCormick, Jeremy, McKinnon, Bryan, Moreno, Omar, Munoz-Camacho, Carlos, Nelson, Timothy, Niccolai, Silvia, O'Dwyer, Rory, Paremuzyan, Rafayel, Peets, Emrys, Randazzo, Nunzio, Raydo, Benjamin, Reese, Benjamin, Schuster, Philip, Simi, Gabriele, Sipala, Valeria, Solt, Matthew, Spellman, Alic, Stepanyan, Stepan, Szumila-Vance, Holly, Tompkins, Lauren, Toro, Natalia, Ungaro, Maurizio, and Voskanyan, Hakop
Abstract: The Heavy Photon Search (HPS) experiment is designed to search for a new vector boson $A^\prime$ in the mass range of 20 MeV/$c^2$ to 220 MeV/$c^2$ that kinetically mixes with the Standard Model photon with couplings $\epsilon^2 >10^{-10}$. In addition to the general importance of exploring light, weakly coupled physics that is difficult to probe with high-energy colliders, a prime motivation for this search is the possibility that sub-GeV thermal relics constitute dark matter, a scenario that requires a new comparably light mediator, where models with a hidden $U(1)$ gauge symmetry, a "dark", "hidden sector", or "heavy" photon, are particularly attractive. HPS searches for visible signatures of these heavy photons, taking advantage of their small coupling to electric charge to produce them via a process analogous to bremsstrahlung in a fixed target and detect their subsequent decay to $\mathrm{e}^+ \mathrm{e}^-$ pairs in a compact spectrometer. In addition to searching for $\mathrm{e}^+ \mathrm{e}^-$ resonances atop large QED backgrounds, HPS has the ability to precisely measure decay lengths, resulting in unique sensitivity to dark photons, as well as other long-lived new physics. After completion of the experiment and operation of engineering runs in 2015 and 2016 at the JLab CEBAF, physics runs in 2019 and 2021 have provided datasets that are now being analyzed to search for dark photons and other new phenomena., Comment: Submitted to the Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021)
Published: 2022

30. Recent Progress and Next Steps for the MATHUSLA LLP Detector

Author: Alpigiani, Cristiano, Arteaga-Velázquez, Juan Carlos, Ball, Austin, Barak, Liron, Barron, Jared, Batell, Brian, Beacham, James, Benhammo, Yan, Brau, Benjamin, Caballero-Mora, Karen Salomé, Camarri, Paolo, Cardarelli, Roberto, Chou, John Paul, Cui, Wentao, Curtin, David, Diamond, Miriam, Dienes, Keith R., Dougherty, Liam Andrew, Dougherty, William, Drewes, Marco, Erramilli, Sameer, Essig, Rouven, Etzion, Erez, Evans, Jared, Téllez, Arturo Fernández, Finlayson, Grace, Fischer, Oliver, Freeman, Jim, Gall, Jonathan, Garabaglu, Ali, Garcia-Bellido, Aran, Giagu, Stefano, Gomber, Bhawna, Greenberg, Stephen Elliott, Guida, Roberto, Haas, Andy, Hassan, Bahgat, Heng, Yuekun, Hsu, Shih-Chieh, Humphrey, Keegan, Iaselli, Giuseppe, Johns, Ken, Kvam, Audrey, Lazic, Dragoslav, Li, Liang, Liao, Jiahao, Liberti, Barbara, Liu, Zhen, Lubatti, Henry, Luo, Lillian, Marsella, Giovanni, Hernández, Mario Iván Martínez, McCullough, Matthew, McKeen, David, Meade, Patrick, Mizrachi, Gilad, Morales-Olivares, O. G., Morrissey, David, Morvai, Ljiljana, Moshe, Meny Raviv, Panagiotou, Michalis, Proffitt, Mason, Ramirez, Dennis Cazar, Reece, Matthew, Robertson, Steven H., Rodríguez-Cahuantzi, Mario, de Roeck, Albert, Roepe, Amber, Ruckman, Larry, Russell, James John, Russell, Heather, Saka, Halil, Santonico, Rinaldo, Schioppa, Marco, Di Sciascio, Giuseppe, Shelton, Jessie, Shuve, Brian, Silver, Yiftah, Di Stante, Luigi, Stolarski, Daniel, Strauss, Mike, Strom, David, Stupak, John, Vasquez, Martin A. Subieta, Swain, Sanjay Kumar, Tan, Chin Lung, Muñoz, Guillermo Tejeda, Thayil, Steffie Ann, Thomas, Brooks, Torro, Emma, Tsai, Yuhsin, Watts, Gordon, Xu, Zijun, Young, Charles, Zolkin, Igor, Zurita, Jose, Alpigiani, Cristiano, Arteaga-Velázquez, Juan Carlos, Ball, Austin, Barak, Liron, Barron, Jared, Batell, Brian, Beacham, James, Benhammo, Yan, Brau, Benjamin, Caballero-Mora, Karen Salomé, Camarri, Paolo, Cardarelli, Roberto, Chou, John Paul, Cui, Wentao, Curtin, David, Diamond, Miriam, Dienes, Keith R., Dougherty, Liam Andrew, Dougherty, William, Drewes, Marco, Erramilli, Sameer, Essig, Rouven, Etzion, Erez, Evans, Jared, Téllez, Arturo Fernández, Finlayson, Grace, Fischer, Oliver, Freeman, Jim, Gall, Jonathan, Garabaglu, Ali, Garcia-Bellido, Aran, Giagu, Stefano, Gomber, Bhawna, Greenberg, Stephen Elliott, Guida, Roberto, Haas, Andy, Hassan, Bahgat, Heng, Yuekun, Hsu, Shih-Chieh, Humphrey, Keegan, Iaselli, Giuseppe, Johns, Ken, Kvam, Audrey, Lazic, Dragoslav, Li, Liang, Liao, Jiahao, Liberti, Barbara, Liu, Zhen, Lubatti, Henry, Luo, Lillian, Marsella, Giovanni, Hernández, Mario Iván Martínez, McCullough, Matthew, McKeen, David, Meade, Patrick, Mizrachi, Gilad, Morales-Olivares, O. G., Morrissey, David, Morvai, Ljiljana, Moshe, Meny Raviv, Panagiotou, Michalis, Proffitt, Mason, Ramirez, Dennis Cazar, Reece, Matthew, Robertson, Steven H., Rodríguez-Cahuantzi, Mario, de Roeck, Albert, Roepe, Amber, Ruckman, Larry, Russell, James John, Russell, Heather, Saka, Halil, Santonico, Rinaldo, Schioppa, Marco, Di Sciascio, Giuseppe, Shelton, Jessie, Shuve, Brian, Silver, Yiftah, Di Stante, Luigi, Stolarski, Daniel, Strauss, Mike, Strom, David, Stupak, John, Vasquez, Martin A. Subieta, Swain, Sanjay Kumar, Tan, Chin Lung, Muñoz, Guillermo Tejeda, Thayil, Steffie Ann, Thomas, Brooks, Torro, Emma, Tsai, Yuhsin, Watts, Gordon, Xu, Zijun, Young, Charles, Zolkin, Igor, and Zurita, Jose
Abstract: We report on recent progress and next steps in the design of the proposed MATHUSLA Long Lived Particle (LLP) detector for the HL-LHC as part of the Snowmass 2021 process. Our understanding of backgrounds has greatly improved, aided by detailed simulation studies, and significant R&D has been performed on designing the scintillator detectors and understanding their performance. The collaboration is on track to complete a Technical Design Report, and there are many opportunities for interested new members to contribute towards the goal of designing and constructing MATHUSLA in time for HL-LHC collisions, which would increase the sensitivity to a large variety of highly motivated LLP signals by orders of magnitude., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021 (EF09, EF10, IF6, IF9), 18 pages, 12 figures. v2: included additional endorsers. v3: updated affiliations. v4: added missing contributors as authors
Published: 2022

31. A Search for Low-mass Dark Matter via Bremsstrahlung Radiation and the Migdal Effect in SuperCDMS

Author: SuperCDMS Collaboration, Al-Bakry, Musaab, Alkhatib, Imran, Amaral, Dorian Praia do, Aralis, Taylor, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Arnquist, Isaac, Langroudy, Iman Ataee, Azadbakht, Elham, Banik, Samir, Bathurst, Corey, Bauer, Dan, Bezerra, Lucas, Bhattacharyya, Rik, Brink, Paul, Bunker, Ray, Cabrera, Blas, Calkins, Robert, Cameron, Robert, Cartaro, Concetta, Cerdeno, David, Chang, Yen-Yung, Chaudhuri, Mouli, Chen, Ran, Chott, Nicholas, Cooley, Jodi, Coombes, Harrison, Corbett, Jonathan, Cushman, Priscilla, De Brienne, François, Dharani, Sukeerthi, di Vacri, Maria Laura, Diamond, Miriam, Fascione, Eleanor, Figueroa, Enectali, Fink, Caleb, Fouts, Ken, Fritts, Matt, Gerbier, Gilles, Germond, Richard, Ghaith, Muad, Golwala, Sunil, Hall, Jeter, Hassan, Noah, Hines, Bruce, Hollister, Matt, Hong, Ziqing, Hoppe, Eric, Hsu, Lauren, Huber, Martin, Iyer, Vijay, Jardin, Daniel, Jastram, Andrew, Kashyap, Varchaswi, Kelsey, Michael, Kubik, Andrew, Kurinsky, Noah, Lawrence, Richard, Lee, Matthew, Li, Ashley, Liu, Jasmine, Liu, Yan, Loer, Ben, Lukens, Pat, MacFarlane, David, Mahapatra, Rupak, Mandic, Vuk, Mast, Nicholas, Mayer, Adam, Theenhausen, Hanno Meyer zu, Michaud, Émile, Michielin, Emanuele, Mirabolfathi, Nader, Mohanty, Bedangadas, Nagorny, Serge, Nelson, Jack, Neog, Himangshu, Novati, Valentina, Orrell, John, Osborne, McKay, Oser, Scott, Page, William, Partridge, Richard, Pedreros, David S., Podviianiuk, Ruslan, Ponce, Francisco, Poudel, Sudip, Pradeep, Aditi, Pyle, Matt, Rau, Wolfgang, Reid, Elliott, Ren, Tom, Reynolds, Tyler, Roberts, Amy, Robinson, Alan, Saab, Tarek, Sadoulet, Bernard, Saikia, Ishwita, Sander, Joel, Sattari, Ata, Schmidt, Benjamin, Schnee, Richard, Scorza, Silvia, Serfass, Bruno, Poudel, Sagar Sharma, Sincavage, Derek, Stanford, Chris, Street, Joseph, Sun, Huanbo, Thasrawala, Fatema, Toback, David, Underwood, Ryan, Verma, Shubham, Villano, Anthony, von Krosigk, Belina, Watkins, Samuel, Wen, Osmond, Williams, Zachary, Wilson, Matthew, Winchell, Joshua, Wu, Chih-pan, Wykoff, Kevin, Yellin, Steve, Young, Betty, Yu, To Chin, Zatschler, Birgit, Zatschler, Stefan, Zaytsev, Alexander, Zhang, Enze, Zheng, Lei, Zuber, Summer, SuperCDMS Collaboration, Al-Bakry, Musaab, Alkhatib, Imran, Amaral, Dorian Praia do, Aralis, Taylor, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Arnquist, Isaac, Langroudy, Iman Ataee, Azadbakht, Elham, Banik, Samir, Bathurst, Corey, Bauer, Dan, Bezerra, Lucas, Bhattacharyya, Rik, Brink, Paul, Bunker, Ray, Cabrera, Blas, Calkins, Robert, Cameron, Robert, Cartaro, Concetta, Cerdeno, David, Chang, Yen-Yung, Chaudhuri, Mouli, Chen, Ran, Chott, Nicholas, Cooley, Jodi, Coombes, Harrison, Corbett, Jonathan, Cushman, Priscilla, De Brienne, François, Dharani, Sukeerthi, di Vacri, Maria Laura, Diamond, Miriam, Fascione, Eleanor, Figueroa, Enectali, Fink, Caleb, Fouts, Ken, Fritts, Matt, Gerbier, Gilles, Germond, Richard, Ghaith, Muad, Golwala, Sunil, Hall, Jeter, Hassan, Noah, Hines, Bruce, Hollister, Matt, Hong, Ziqing, Hoppe, Eric, Hsu, Lauren, Huber, Martin, Iyer, Vijay, Jardin, Daniel, Jastram, Andrew, Kashyap, Varchaswi, Kelsey, Michael, Kubik, Andrew, Kurinsky, Noah, Lawrence, Richard, Lee, Matthew, Li, Ashley, Liu, Jasmine, Liu, Yan, Loer, Ben, Lukens, Pat, MacFarlane, David, Mahapatra, Rupak, Mandic, Vuk, Mast, Nicholas, Mayer, Adam, Theenhausen, Hanno Meyer zu, Michaud, Émile, Michielin, Emanuele, Mirabolfathi, Nader, Mohanty, Bedangadas, Nagorny, Serge, Nelson, Jack, Neog, Himangshu, Novati, Valentina, Orrell, John, Osborne, McKay, Oser, Scott, Page, William, Partridge, Richard, Pedreros, David S., Podviianiuk, Ruslan, Ponce, Francisco, Poudel, Sudip, Pradeep, Aditi, Pyle, Matt, Rau, Wolfgang, Reid, Elliott, Ren, Tom, Reynolds, Tyler, Roberts, Amy, Robinson, Alan, Saab, Tarek, Sadoulet, Bernard, Saikia, Ishwita, Sander, Joel, Sattari, Ata, Schmidt, Benjamin, Schnee, Richard, Scorza, Silvia, Serfass, Bruno, Poudel, Sagar Sharma, Sincavage, Derek, Stanford, Chris, Street, Joseph, Sun, Huanbo, Thasrawala, Fatema, Toback, David, Underwood, Ryan, Verma, Shubham, Villano, Anthony, von Krosigk, Belina, Watkins, Samuel, Wen, Osmond, Williams, Zachary, Wilson, Matthew, Winchell, Joshua, Wu, Chih-pan, Wykoff, Kevin, Yellin, Steve, Young, Betty, Yu, To Chin, Zatschler, Birgit, Zatschler, Stefan, Zaytsev, Alexander, Zhang, Enze, Zheng, Lei, and Zuber, Summer
Abstract: In this paper, we present a re-analysis of SuperCDMS data using a profile likelihood approach to search for sub-GeV dark matter particles (DM) through two inelastic scattering channels: bremsstrahlung radiation and the Migdal effect. By considering possible inelastic scattering channels, experimental sensitivity can be extended to DM masses that would otherwise be undetectable through the DM-nucleon elastic scattering channel, given the energy threshold of current experiments. We exclude DM masses down to $220~\textrm{MeV}/c^2$ at $2.7 \times 10^{-30}~\textrm{cm}^2$ via the bremsstrahlung channel. The Migdal channel search excludes DM masses down to $30~\textrm{MeV}/c^2$ at $5.0 \times 10^{-30}~\textrm{cm}^2$., Comment: This paper is being withdrawn due to an error in data selection during the analysis. Although incorrect, the limits are roughly representative of the sensitivity. The new corrected version of the result will be uploaded once ready
Published: 2022

32. Response to Comment on “Outside the Safe Operating Space of the Planetary Boundary for Novel Entities”

Author: Persson, Linn, Carney Almroth, Bethanie M., Collins, Christopher D., Cornell, Sarah, de Wit, Cynthia A., Diamond, Miriam L., Fantke, Peter, Hassellöv, Martin, MacLeod, Matthew, Ryberg, Morten W., Søgaard Jørgensen, Peter, Villarrubia-Gómez, Patricia, Wang, Zhanyun, Hauschild, Michael Zwicky, Persson, Linn, Carney Almroth, Bethanie M., Collins, Christopher D., Cornell, Sarah, de Wit, Cynthia A., Diamond, Miriam L., Fantke, Peter, Hassellöv, Martin, MacLeod, Matthew, Ryberg, Morten W., Søgaard Jørgensen, Peter, Villarrubia-Gómez, Patricia, Wang, Zhanyun, and Hauschild, Michael Zwicky
Abstract: where a quantitative boundary for novel entities is. In our view, quantifying a single boundary for the multitude and diversity of novel entities is an intractable problem. As such, we have as a first step rather characterized a multidimensional dynamic boundary. This characterization lets us evaluate several control variables that indicate that the planetary boundary has been crossed: the paper demonstrates how novel entities have resulted in many globally observed biological, chemical, and geophysical changes that move the planet away from Holocene conditions. The characterization is precautionary (in both the lay and policy senses), recognizing that when threats are serious or irreversible, the fact that risks are uncertain and cannot be quantified should not mean that measures to prevent harm can be postponed. It is also pragmatically aligned with other principles of environmental responsibility and intergenerational equity, and plain old-fashioned prevention of large-scale environmental damage. With this characterization of the planetary boun
Published: 2022

33. Software and Computing for Small HEP Experiments

Author: Casper, Dave, Monzani, Maria Elena, Nachman, Benjamin, Andreopoulos, Costas, Bailey, Stephen, Bard, Deborah, Bhimji, Wahid, Cerati, Giuseppe, Chachamis, Grigorios, Daughhetee, Jacob, Diamond, Miriam, Elvira, V. Daniel, Fan, Alden, Genser, Krzysztof, Girotti, Paolo, Kravitz, Scott, Kutschke, Robert, Pascuzzi, Vincent R., Perdue, Gabriel N., Snider, Erica, Sexton-Kennedy, Elizabeth, Stewart, Graeme Andrew, Szydagis, Matthew, Torrence, Eric, Tunnell, Christopher, Casper, Dave, Monzani, Maria Elena, Nachman, Benjamin, Andreopoulos, Costas, Bailey, Stephen, Bard, Deborah, Bhimji, Wahid, Cerati, Giuseppe, Chachamis, Grigorios, Daughhetee, Jacob, Diamond, Miriam, Elvira, V. Daniel, Fan, Alden, Genser, Krzysztof, Girotti, Paolo, Kravitz, Scott, Kutschke, Robert, Pascuzzi, Vincent R., Perdue, Gabriel N., Snider, Erica, Sexton-Kennedy, Elizabeth, Stewart, Graeme Andrew, Szydagis, Matthew, Torrence, Eric, and Tunnell, Christopher
Abstract: This white paper briefly summarized key conclusions of the recent US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021) workshop on Software and Computing for Small High Energy Physics Experiments., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

34. Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier: Modeling, statistics, simulations, and computing needs for direct dark matter detection

Author: Kahn, Yonatan, Monzani, Maria Elena, Palladino, Kimberly J., Anderson, Tyler, Bard, Deborah, Baxter, Daniel, Buuck, Micah, Cartaro, Concetta, Collar, Juan I., Diamond, Miriam, Fan, Alden, Knapen, Simon, Kravitz, Scott, Lang, Rafael F., Nachman, Benjamin, Samblas, Ibles Olcina, Ostrovskiy, Igor, Parikh, Aditya, Riffard, Quentin, Roberts, Amy, Stifter, Kelly, Szydagis, Matthew, Tunnell, Christopher, von Krosigk, Belina, Wright, Dennis, Yu, Tien-Tien, Akerib, Dan, Bunker, Ray, Chen, Thomas Y., Gelmini, Graciela B., Kim, Doojin, Park, Jong-Chul, Saab, Tarek, Singh, Rajeev, Su, Shufang, Tsai, Yu-Dai, Westerdale, Shawn, Kahn, Yonatan, Monzani, Maria Elena, Palladino, Kimberly J., Anderson, Tyler, Bard, Deborah, Baxter, Daniel, Buuck, Micah, Cartaro, Concetta, Collar, Juan I., Diamond, Miriam, Fan, Alden, Knapen, Simon, Kravitz, Scott, Lang, Rafael F., Nachman, Benjamin, Samblas, Ibles Olcina, Ostrovskiy, Igor, Parikh, Aditya, Riffard, Quentin, Roberts, Amy, Stifter, Kelly, Szydagis, Matthew, Tunnell, Christopher, von Krosigk, Belina, Wright, Dennis, Yu, Tien-Tien, Akerib, Dan, Bunker, Ray, Chen, Thomas Y., Gelmini, Graciela B., Kim, Doojin, Park, Jong-Chul, Saab, Tarek, Singh, Rajeev, Su, Shufang, Tsai, Yu-Dai, and Westerdale, Shawn
Abstract: This paper summarizes the modeling, statistics, simulation, and computing needs of direct dark matter detection experiments in the next decade., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

35. Detector and Beamline Simulation for Next-Generation High Energy Physics Experiments

Author: Banerjee, Sunanda, Brown, D. N., Brown, David N., Calafiura, Paolo, Calcutt, Jacob, Canal, Philippe, Diamond, Miriam, Elvira, Daniel, Evans, Thomas, Fatemi, Renee, Genser, Krzysztof, Hatcher, Robert, Himmel, Alexander, Johnson, Seth R., Jun, Soon Yung, Kelsey, Michael, Kourlitis, Evangelos, Kutschke, Robert K., Lima, Guilherme, Lynch, Kevin, Mahn, Kendall, Marshall, Zachary, Mooney, Michael, Para, Adam, Pascuzzi, Vincent R., Pedro, Kevin, Samoylov, Oleg, Snider, Erica, Snopok, Pavel, Szydagis, Matthew, Wenzel, Hans, Whitehead, Leigh H., Yang, Tingjun, Yarba, Julia, Banerjee, Sunanda, Brown, D. N., Brown, David N., Calafiura, Paolo, Calcutt, Jacob, Canal, Philippe, Diamond, Miriam, Elvira, Daniel, Evans, Thomas, Fatemi, Renee, Genser, Krzysztof, Hatcher, Robert, Himmel, Alexander, Johnson, Seth R., Jun, Soon Yung, Kelsey, Michael, Kourlitis, Evangelos, Kutschke, Robert K., Lima, Guilherme, Lynch, Kevin, Mahn, Kendall, Marshall, Zachary, Mooney, Michael, Para, Adam, Pascuzzi, Vincent R., Pedro, Kevin, Samoylov, Oleg, Snider, Erica, Snopok, Pavel, Szydagis, Matthew, Wenzel, Hans, Whitehead, Leigh H., Yang, Tingjun, and Yarba, Julia
Abstract: The success of high energy physics programs relies heavily on accurate detector simulations and beam interaction modeling. The increasingly complex detector geometries and beam dynamics require sophisticated techniques in order to meet the demands of current and future experiments. Common software tools used today are unable to fully utilize modern computational resources, while data-recording rates are often orders of magnitude larger than what can be produced via simulation. In this paper, we describe the state, current and future needs of high energy physics detector and beamline simulations and related challenges, and we propose a number of possible ways to address them., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

36. Dark-matter And Neutrino Computation Explored (DANCE) Community Input to Snowmass

Author: Roberts, Amy, Tunnell, Christopher, von Krosigk, Belina, Anderson, Tyler, Brodsky, Jason, Buuck, Micah, Cartaro, Tina, Cragin, Melissa, Davies, Gavin S., Diamond, Miriam, Fan, Alden, Higuera, Aaron, Ippolito, Valerio, Jillings, Chris, Kravitz, Scott, Krezko, Luke, Li, Ivy, Monzani, Maria Elena, Ostrovskiy, Igor, Psihas, Fernanda, Renshaw, Andrew, Riffard, Quentin, Sander, Joel, Sangiorgio, Samuele, Trappitsch, Reto, Wright, Dennis, Roberts, Amy, Tunnell, Christopher, von Krosigk, Belina, Anderson, Tyler, Brodsky, Jason, Buuck, Micah, Cartaro, Tina, Cragin, Melissa, Davies, Gavin S., Diamond, Miriam, Fan, Alden, Higuera, Aaron, Ippolito, Valerio, Jillings, Chris, Kravitz, Scott, Krezko, Luke, Li, Ivy, Monzani, Maria Elena, Ostrovskiy, Igor, Psihas, Fernanda, Renshaw, Andrew, Riffard, Quentin, Sander, Joel, Sangiorgio, Samuele, Trappitsch, Reto, and Wright, Dennis
Abstract: This paper summarizes the needs of the dark matter and neutrino communities as it relates to computation. The scope includes data acquisition, triggers, data management and processing, data preservation, simulation, machine learning, data analysis, software engineering, career development, and equity and inclusion. Beyond identifying our community needs, we propose actions that can be taken to strengthen this community and to work together to overcome common challenges., Comment: Needs identified during DANCE Workshop series. Submitted to Snowmass. 33 pages and 1 picture
Published: 2022

37. Outside the Safe Operating Space of the Planetary Boundary for Novel Entities

Author: Persson, Linn, Carney Almroth, Bethanie M., Collins, Christopher D., Cornell, Sarah, de Wit, Cynthia A., Diamond, Miriam L., Fantke, Peter, Hassellöv, Martin, MacLeod, Matthew, Ryberg, Morten W., Søgaard Jørgensen, Peter, Villarrubia-Gómez, Patricia, Wang, Zhanyun, Hauschild, Michael Zwicky, Persson, Linn, Carney Almroth, Bethanie M., Collins, Christopher D., Cornell, Sarah, de Wit, Cynthia A., Diamond, Miriam L., Fantke, Peter, Hassellöv, Martin, MacLeod, Matthew, Ryberg, Morten W., Søgaard Jørgensen, Peter, Villarrubia-Gómez, Patricia, Wang, Zhanyun, and Hauschild, Michael Zwicky
Abstract: We submit that the safe operating space of the planetary boundary of novel entities is exceeded since annual production and releases are increasing at a pace that outstrips the global capacity for assessment and monitoring. The novel entities boundary in the planetary boundaries framework refers to entities that are novel in a geological sense and that could have large-scale impacts that threaten the integrity of Earth system processes. We review the scientific literature relevant to quantifying the boundary for novel entities and highlight plastic pollution as a particular aspect of high concern. An impact pathway from production of novel entities to impacts on Earth system processes is presented. We define and apply three criteria for assessment of the suitability of control variables for the boundary: feasibility, relevance, and comprehensiveness. We propose several complementary control variables to capture the complexity of this boundary, while acknowledging major data limitations. We conclude that humanity is currently operating outside the planetary boundary based on the weight-of-evidence for several of these control variables. The increasing rate of production and releases of larger volumes and higher numbers of novel entities with diverse risk potentials exceed societies’ ability to conduct safety related assessments and monitoring. We recommend taking urgent action to reduce the harm associated with exceeding the boundary by reducing the production and releases of novel entities, noting that even so, the persistence of many novel entities and/or their associated effects will continue to pose a threat.
Published: 2022

38. Novel Bayesian Method to Derive Final Adjusted Values of Physicochemical Properties : Application to 74 Compounds

Author: Rodgers, Timothy F.M., Okeme, Josheph O., Parnis, J. Mark, Girdhari, Kyle, Bidleman, Terry F., Wan, Yuchao, Jantunen, Liisa M., Diamond, Miriam L., Rodgers, Timothy F.M., Okeme, Josheph O., Parnis, J. Mark, Girdhari, Kyle, Bidleman, Terry F., Wan, Yuchao, Jantunen, Liisa M., and Diamond, Miriam L.
Abstract: Accurate values of physicochemical properties are essential for screening semivolatile organic compounds for human and environmental hazard and risk. In silico approaches for estimation are widely used, but the accuracy of these and measured values can be difficult to ascertain. Final adjusted values (FAVs) harmonize literature-reported measurements to ensure consistency and minimize uncertainty. We propose a workflow, including a novel Bayesian approach, for estimating FAVs that combines measurements using direct and indirect methods and in silico values. The workflow was applied to 74 compounds across nine classes to generate recommended FAVs (FAVRs). Estimates generated by in silico methods (OPERA, COSMOtherm, EPI Suite, SPARC, and polyparameter linear free energy relationships (pp-LFER) models) differed by orders of magnitude for some properties and compounds and performed systematically worse for larger, more polar compounds. COSMOtherm and OPERA generally performed well with low bias although no single in silico method performed best across all compound classes and properties. Indirect measurement methods produced highly accurate and precise estimates compared with direct measurement methods. Our Bayesian method harmonized measured and in silico estimated physicochemical properties without introducing observable biases. We thus recommend use of the FAVRs presented here and that the proposed Bayesian workflow be used to generate FAVRs for SVOCs beyond those in this study., EcoChange
Published: 2021
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39. Organophosphate Esters in the Canadian Arctic Ocean

Author: Sühring, Roxana, Diamond, Miriam L., Bernstein, Sarah, Adams, Jennifer K., Schuster, Jasmin K., Fernie, Kim, Elliott, Kyle, Stern, Gary, Jantunen, Liisa M., Sühring, Roxana, Diamond, Miriam L., Bernstein, Sarah, Adams, Jennifer K., Schuster, Jasmin K., Fernie, Kim, Elliott, Kyle, Stern, Gary, and Jantunen, Liisa M.
Abstract: Eleven organophosphate esters (OPEs) were detected in surface water and sediment samples from yearly sampling (2013–2018) in the Canadian Arctic. In water samples, ∑chlorinated-OPEs (Cl-OPEs) concentrations exceeded ∑non-chlorinated-OPEs (non-Cl-OPEs) with median concentrations of 10 ng L–1 and 1.3 ng L–1, respectively. In sediment samples, ∑Cl-OPEs and ∑nonchlorinated-OPEs had median concentrations of 4.5 and 2.5 ng g–1, respectively. High concentrations of OPEs in samples from the Mackenzie River plume suggest riverine discharge as an OPE source to the Canadian Arctic. The prevalence of OPEs at other sites is consistent with long-range transport. The OPE inventory of the Canadian Arctic Ocean representative of years 2013–2018 was estimated at 450–16,000 tonnes with a median ∑11OPE mass of 4100 tonnes with >99% of the OPE inventory estimated to be in the water column. These results highlight the importance of OPEs as water-based Arctic contaminants subject to long-range transport and local sources. The high OPE inventory in the water column of the Canadian Arctic Ocean points to the need for international regulatory mechanisms for persistent and mobile organic contaminants (PMOCs) that are not covered by the risk assessment criteria of the Stockholm Convention.
Published: 2021
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40. Assessing Human Exposure to SVOCs in Materials, Products, and Articles: A Modular Mechanistic Framework.

Author: Eichler, Clara MA, Eichler, Clara MA, Hubal, Elaine A Cohen, Xu, Ying, Cao, Jianping, Bi, Chenyang, Weschler, Charles J, Salthammer, Tunga, Morrison, Glenn C, Koivisto, Antti Joonas, Zhang, Yinping, Mandin, Corinne, Wei, Wenjuan, Blondeau, Patrice, Poppendieck, Dustin, Liu, Xiaoyu, Delmaar, Christiaan JE, Fantke, Peter, Jolliet, Olivier, Shin, Hyeong-Moo, Diamond, Miriam L, Shiraiwa, Manabu, Zuend, Andreas, Hopke, Philip K, von Goetz, Natalie, Kulmala, Markku, Little, John C, Eichler, Clara MA, Eichler, Clara MA, Hubal, Elaine A Cohen, Xu, Ying, Cao, Jianping, Bi, Chenyang, Weschler, Charles J, Salthammer, Tunga, Morrison, Glenn C, Koivisto, Antti Joonas, Zhang, Yinping, Mandin, Corinne, Wei, Wenjuan, Blondeau, Patrice, Poppendieck, Dustin, Liu, Xiaoyu, Delmaar, Christiaan JE, Fantke, Peter, Jolliet, Olivier, Shin, Hyeong-Moo, Diamond, Miriam L, Shiraiwa, Manabu, Zuend, Andreas, Hopke, Philip K, von Goetz, Natalie, Kulmala, Markku, and Little, John C
Abstract: A critical review of the current state of knowledge of chemical emissions from indoor sources, partitioning among indoor compartments, and the ensuing indoor exposure leads to a proposal for a modular mechanistic framework for predicting human exposure to semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Mechanistically consistent source emission categories include solid, soft, frequent contact, applied, sprayed, and high temperature sources. Environmental compartments are the gas phase, airborne particles, settled dust, indoor surfaces, and clothing. Identified research needs are the development of dynamic emission models for several of the source emission categories and of estimation strategies for critical model parameters. The modular structure of the framework facilitates subsequent inclusion of new knowledge, other chemical classes of indoor pollutants, and additional mechanistic processes relevant to human exposure indoors. The framework may serve as the foundation for developing an open-source community model to better support collaborative research and improve access for application by stakeholders. Combining exposure estimates derived using this framework with toxicity data for different end points and toxicokinetic mechanisms will accelerate chemical risk prioritization, advance effective chemical management decisions, and protect public health.
Published: 2021

41. We need a global science-policy body on chemicals and waste

Author: Grimalt, Joan O. [0000-0002-7391-5768], Wang, Zhanyun, Altenburger, Rolf, Backhaus, Thomas, Covaci, Adrian, Diamond, Miriam L., Grimalt, Joan O., Lohmann, Rainer, Schäffer, Andreas, Scheringer, Martin, Selin, Henrik, Soehl, Anna, Suzuki, Noriyuki, Grimalt, Joan O. [0000-0002-7391-5768], Wang, Zhanyun, Altenburger, Rolf, Backhaus, Thomas, Covaci, Adrian, Diamond, Miriam L., Grimalt, Joan O., Lohmann, Rainer, Schäffer, Andreas, Scheringer, Martin, Selin, Henrik, Soehl, Anna, and Suzuki, Noriyuki
Abstract: Many countries and regional political unions have regulatory and policy frameworks for managing chemicals and waste associated with human activities to minimize harms to human health and the environment. These frameworks are complemented and expanded by joint international action, particularly related to pollutants that undergo long-range transport via air, water, and biota; move across national borders through international trade of resources, products, and waste; or are present in many countries (1). Some progress has been made, but the Global Chemicals Outlook (GCO-II) from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (1) has called for “strengthen[ing] the science-policy interface and the use of science in monitoring progress, priority-setting, and policy-making throughout the life cycle of chemicals and waste.” With the UN Environment Assembly (UNEA) soon meeting to discuss how to strengthen the science-policy interface on chemicals and waste (2), we analyze the landscape and outline recommendations for establishing an overarching body on chemicals and waste. The world has seen a tremendous increase in the amount and variety of chemicals in use, with continuous growth expected; global chemical sales reached over US$5.6 trillion in 2017 and are projected to almost double by 2030 (1). Similar trends are also true for waste generation; for example, global plastic waste entering the ocean is estimated to increase from 4.8 to 12.7 million tonnes in 2010 to some 100 to 250 million tonnes by 2025 (1). When chemicals and waste are poorly managed, not only are valuable resources lost, but chemical pollution can cause a wide range of adverse effects on human and ecosystem health at local, regional, and global levels. The latest Global Burden of Disease study estimated that exposure to lead and occupational exposure to 12 chemicals or groups of chemicals (a tiny fraction of the more than 100,000 chemicals in use) contributed to over 1.3 million premature human deaths i
Published: 2021

42. Assessing Human Exposure to SVOCs in Materials, Products, and Articles: A Modular Mechanistic Framework

Author: Eichler, Clara M. A., Hubal, Elaine A Cohen, Xu, Ying, Cao, Jianping, Bi, Chenyang, Weschler, Charles J., Salthammer, Tunga, Morrison, Glenn C, Koivisto, Antti Joonas, Zhang, Yinping, Mandin, Corinne, Wei, Wenjuan, Blondeau, Patrice, Poppendieck, Dustin, Liu, Xiaoyu, Delmaar, Christiaan J E, Fantke, Peter, Jolliet, Olivier, Shin, Hyeong-Moo, Diamond, Miriam L, Shiraiwa, Manabu, Zuend, Andreas, Hopke, Philip K, von Goetz, Natalie, Kulmala, Markku, Little, John C, Eichler, Clara M. A., Hubal, Elaine A Cohen, Xu, Ying, Cao, Jianping, Bi, Chenyang, Weschler, Charles J., Salthammer, Tunga, Morrison, Glenn C, Koivisto, Antti Joonas, Zhang, Yinping, Mandin, Corinne, Wei, Wenjuan, Blondeau, Patrice, Poppendieck, Dustin, Liu, Xiaoyu, Delmaar, Christiaan J E, Fantke, Peter, Jolliet, Olivier, Shin, Hyeong-Moo, Diamond, Miriam L, Shiraiwa, Manabu, Zuend, Andreas, Hopke, Philip K, von Goetz, Natalie, Kulmala, Markku, and Little, John C
Abstract: A critical review of the current state of knowledge of chemical emissions from indoor sources, partitioning among indoor compartments, and the ensuing indoor exposure leads to a proposal for a modular mechanistic framework for predicting human exposure to semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Mechanistically consistent source emission categories include solid, soft, frequent contact, applied, sprayed, and high temperature sources. Environmental compartments are the gas phase, airborne particles, settled dust, indoor surfaces, and clothing. Identified research needs are the development of dynamic emission models for several of the source emission categories and of estimation strategies for critical model parameters. The modular structure of the framework facilitates subsequent inclusion of new knowledge, other chemical classes of indoor pollutants, and additional mechanistic processes relevant to human exposure indoors. The framework may serve as the foundation for developing an open-source community model to better support collaborative research and improve access for application by stakeholders. Combining exposure estimates derived using this framework with toxicity data for different end points and toxicokinetic mechanisms will accelerate chemical risk prioritization, advance effective chemical management decisions, and protect public health.
Published: 2021

43. We need a global science-policy body on chemicals and waste

Author: Wang, Zhanyun, Altenburger, Rolf, Backhaus, Thomas, Covaci, Adrian, Diamond, Miriam L., Grimalt, Joan O., Lohmann, Rainer, Schäffer, Andreas, Scheringer, Martin, Selin, Henrik, Soehl, Anna, Suzuki, Noriyuki, Wang, Zhanyun, Altenburger, Rolf, Backhaus, Thomas, Covaci, Adrian, Diamond, Miriam L., Grimalt, Joan O., Lohmann, Rainer, Schäffer, Andreas, Scheringer, Martin, Selin, Henrik, Soehl, Anna, and Suzuki, Noriyuki
Published: 2021

44. Polydimethylsiloxane (silicone rubber) brooch as a personal passive air sampler for semi-volatile organic compounds

Author: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, The Allergy, Genes and Environment Network, Health Canada, Okeme, Joseph O. [0000-0001-7604-0736], Lorenzo, María [0000-0003-1972-014X], Picó, Yolanda [0000-0002-9545-0965], Diamond, Miriam L. [0000-0001-6296-6431], Okeme, Joseph O., Nguyen, Linh, Lorenzo, María, Dhal, Suman, Picó, Yolanda, Arrandale, Victoria H., Diamond, Miriam L., Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, The Allergy, Genes and Environment Network, Health Canada, Okeme, Joseph O. [0000-0001-7604-0736], Lorenzo, María [0000-0003-1972-014X], Picó, Yolanda [0000-0002-9545-0965], Diamond, Miriam L. [0000-0001-6296-6431], Okeme, Joseph O., Nguyen, Linh, Lorenzo, María, Dhal, Suman, Picó, Yolanda, Arrandale, Victoria H., and Diamond, Miriam L.
Abstract: Exposure assessments conducted using a personal sampler include the contribution of human activities to exposure that is neglected when using a stationary air sampler. This study evaluated the uptake characteristics and application of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS or silicone rubber) brooch as a personal passive air sampler (PPAS) for measuring concentrations of two groups of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), namely phthalates and organophosphate esters (OPEs), indoors in proximity to the breathing zone. Uptake rates of the PDMS brooch were calibrated against a personal low volume active air sampler (PLV-AAS) co-deployed on each of five study participants working in offices for 8 hs daily for four days. Sampling rates measured here ranged from 0.41 ± 0.33 to 1.33 ± 0.34 m3 day−1 dm−2 with an average value of 0.86 ± 0.29 m3 day−1 dm−2. Personal air concentrations of 1211 to 2640 ng m−3 for ∑5 phthalates and 254 to 663 ng m−3 for ∑5 OPEs were measured for three study participants who used the PDMS brooches continuously for seven days. These concentrations resulted in estimated inhalation exposures of 19,400 to 42,400 ng day−1 for ∑5 phthalates and 4,070 to 10,600 ng day−1 for ∑5 OPEs. This study demonstrated that the PDMS brooch can be used to assess inhalation exposure when worn for at least 24 h indoors, for compounds present in >4 ng m−3 in air such as individual phthalates and OPEs tested here.
Published: 2018

45. Gas chromatographic estimation of vapor pressures and octanol-air partition coefficients of semivolatile organic compounds of emerging concern

Author: Okeme, Joseph, Rodgers, Timothy F.M., Parnis, J. Mark, Diamond, Miriam L., Bidleman, Terry F., Jantunen, Liisa M., Okeme, Joseph, Rodgers, Timothy F.M., Parnis, J. Mark, Diamond, Miriam L., Bidleman, Terry F., and Jantunen, Liisa M.
Abstract: The subcooled liquid-phase vapor pressures (pL298/Pa) and octanol–air partition coefficients (KOA298) at T/K = 298, enthalpies of vaporization (ΔVAPH/kJ·mol–1), and internal energies of phase transfer from octanol to air (ΔOAU/kJ·mol–1) were estimated for synthetic musks, novel brominated flame retardants (N-BFR), organophosphate esters, and ultraviolet filters using the capillary gas chromatographic retention time (GC-RT) method. These compounds, which spanned approximately six and three orders of magnitude for pL298/Pa and KOA298, respectively, were co-chromatographed with one of three reference compounds to give initial estimates of properties at T/K = 298. The initial GC-RT property estimates were subsequently calibrated using 18 compounds that spanned 6 log units for pL298/Pa and 13 compounds covering 4 log units for KOA298. The calibrated log10pL298/Pa values estimated here ranged from 0.14 ± 0.19 to −9.19 ± 0.29 for cyclopentadecanone to syn-dechlorane plus (syn-DDC-CO), respectively, while the range of log10KOA298 values was 6.59 ± 0.26 to 11.40 ± 0.23 for cyclopentadecanone to 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99), respectively. The calibrated GC-RT-derived values were highly correlated with, and were within an average of 0.70 log units of, the literature data for compounds with well-established pL298/Pa and KOA298 measured or derived using non-GC-RT methods. Nonpolar compounds were used in this study to estimate the target polar compound data, which may introduce systematic errors. However, the comparison of our GC-RT results against the literature non-GC-RT values shows that the GC-RT methods performed similarly well for estimating both polar and nonpolar target compounds studied in this work., ecochange
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Gas chromatographic estimation of vapor pressures and octanol-air partition coefficients of semivolatile organic compounds of emerging concern

Author: Okeme, Joseph, Rodgers, Timothy F.M., Parnis, J. Mark, Diamond, Miriam L., Bidleman, Terry F., Jantunen, Liisa M., Okeme, Joseph, Rodgers, Timothy F.M., Parnis, J. Mark, Diamond, Miriam L., Bidleman, Terry F., and Jantunen, Liisa M.
Abstract: The subcooled liquid-phase vapor pressures (pL298/Pa) and octanol–air partition coefficients (KOA298) at T/K = 298, enthalpies of vaporization (ΔVAPH/kJ·mol–1), and internal energies of phase transfer from octanol to air (ΔOAU/kJ·mol–1) were estimated for synthetic musks, novel brominated flame retardants (N-BFR), organophosphate esters, and ultraviolet filters using the capillary gas chromatographic retention time (GC-RT) method. These compounds, which spanned approximately six and three orders of magnitude for pL298/Pa and KOA298, respectively, were co-chromatographed with one of three reference compounds to give initial estimates of properties at T/K = 298. The initial GC-RT property estimates were subsequently calibrated using 18 compounds that spanned 6 log units for pL298/Pa and 13 compounds covering 4 log units for KOA298. The calibrated log10pL298/Pa values estimated here ranged from 0.14 ± 0.19 to −9.19 ± 0.29 for cyclopentadecanone to syn-dechlorane plus (syn-DDC-CO), respectively, while the range of log10KOA298 values was 6.59 ± 0.26 to 11.40 ± 0.23 for cyclopentadecanone to 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99), respectively. The calibrated GC-RT-derived values were highly correlated with, and were within an average of 0.70 log units of, the literature data for compounds with well-established pL298/Pa and KOA298 measured or derived using non-GC-RT methods. Nonpolar compounds were used in this study to estimate the target polar compound data, which may introduce systematic errors. However, the comparison of our GC-RT results against the literature non-GC-RT values shows that the GC-RT methods performed similarly well for estimating both polar and nonpolar target compounds studied in this work., ecochange
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Gas chromatographic estimation of vapor pressures and octanol-air partition coefficients of semivolatile organic compounds of emerging concern

Author: Okeme, Joseph, Rodgers, Timothy F.M., Parnis, J. Mark, Diamond, Miriam L., Bidleman, Terry F., Jantunen, Liisa M., Okeme, Joseph, Rodgers, Timothy F.M., Parnis, J. Mark, Diamond, Miriam L., Bidleman, Terry F., and Jantunen, Liisa M.
Abstract: The subcooled liquid-phase vapor pressures (pL298/Pa) and octanol–air partition coefficients (KOA298) at T/K = 298, enthalpies of vaporization (ΔVAPH/kJ·mol–1), and internal energies of phase transfer from octanol to air (ΔOAU/kJ·mol–1) were estimated for synthetic musks, novel brominated flame retardants (N-BFR), organophosphate esters, and ultraviolet filters using the capillary gas chromatographic retention time (GC-RT) method. These compounds, which spanned approximately six and three orders of magnitude for pL298/Pa and KOA298, respectively, were co-chromatographed with one of three reference compounds to give initial estimates of properties at T/K = 298. The initial GC-RT property estimates were subsequently calibrated using 18 compounds that spanned 6 log units for pL298/Pa and 13 compounds covering 4 log units for KOA298. The calibrated log10pL298/Pa values estimated here ranged from 0.14 ± 0.19 to −9.19 ± 0.29 for cyclopentadecanone to syn-dechlorane plus (syn-DDC-CO), respectively, while the range of log10KOA298 values was 6.59 ± 0.26 to 11.40 ± 0.23 for cyclopentadecanone to 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99), respectively. The calibrated GC-RT-derived values were highly correlated with, and were within an average of 0.70 log units of, the literature data for compounds with well-established pL298/Pa and KOA298 measured or derived using non-GC-RT methods. Nonpolar compounds were used in this study to estimate the target polar compound data, which may introduce systematic errors. However, the comparison of our GC-RT results against the literature non-GC-RT values shows that the GC-RT methods performed similarly well for estimating both polar and nonpolar target compounds studied in this work., ecochange
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Gas chromatographic estimation of vapor pressures and octanol-air partition coefficients of semivolatile organic compounds of emerging concern

Author: Okeme, Joseph, Rodgers, Timothy F.M., Parnis, J. Mark, Diamond, Miriam L., Bidleman, Terry F., Jantunen, Liisa M., Okeme, Joseph, Rodgers, Timothy F.M., Parnis, J. Mark, Diamond, Miriam L., Bidleman, Terry F., and Jantunen, Liisa M.
Abstract: The subcooled liquid-phase vapor pressures (pL298/Pa) and octanol–air partition coefficients (KOA298) at T/K = 298, enthalpies of vaporization (ΔVAPH/kJ·mol–1), and internal energies of phase transfer from octanol to air (ΔOAU/kJ·mol–1) were estimated for synthetic musks, novel brominated flame retardants (N-BFR), organophosphate esters, and ultraviolet filters using the capillary gas chromatographic retention time (GC-RT) method. These compounds, which spanned approximately six and three orders of magnitude for pL298/Pa and KOA298, respectively, were co-chromatographed with one of three reference compounds to give initial estimates of properties at T/K = 298. The initial GC-RT property estimates were subsequently calibrated using 18 compounds that spanned 6 log units for pL298/Pa and 13 compounds covering 4 log units for KOA298. The calibrated log10pL298/Pa values estimated here ranged from 0.14 ± 0.19 to −9.19 ± 0.29 for cyclopentadecanone to syn-dechlorane plus (syn-DDC-CO), respectively, while the range of log10KOA298 values was 6.59 ± 0.26 to 11.40 ± 0.23 for cyclopentadecanone to 2,2′,4,4′,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99), respectively. The calibrated GC-RT-derived values were highly correlated with, and were within an average of 0.70 log units of, the literature data for compounds with well-established pL298/Pa and KOA298 measured or derived using non-GC-RT methods. Nonpolar compounds were used in this study to estimate the target polar compound data, which may introduce systematic errors. However, the comparison of our GC-RT results against the literature non-GC-RT values shows that the GC-RT methods performed similarly well for estimating both polar and nonpolar target compounds studied in this work., ecochange
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Searching for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider

Author: Alimena, Juliette, Beacham, James, Borsato, Martino, Cheng, Yangyang, Cid Vidal, Xabier, Cottin, Giovanna, Curtin, David, De Roeck, Albert, Desai, Nishita, Evans, Jared A., Knapen, Simon, Kraml, Sabine, Lessa, Andre, Liu, Zhen, Mehlhase, Sascha, Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J., Russell, Heather, Shelton, Jessie, Shuve, Brian, Verducci, Monica, Zurita, Jose, Adams, Todd, Adersberger, Michael, Alpigiani, Cristiano, Apresyan, Artur, Bainbridge, Robert John, Batozskaya, Varvara, Beauchesne, Hugues, Benato, Lisa, Berlendis, S., Bhal, Eshwen, Blekman, Freya, Borovilou, Christina, Boyd, Jamie, Brau, Benjamin P., Bryngemark, Lene, Buchmueller, Oliver, Buschmann, Malte, Buttinger, William, Campanelli, Mario, Cesarotti, Cari, Chen, Chunhui, Cheng, Hsin-Chia, Cheong, Sanha, Citron, Matthew, Coccaro, Andrea, Coco, V., Conte, Eric, Cormier, Felix, Corpe, Louie D., Craig, Nathaniel, Cui, Yanou, Dall'Occo, Elena, Dallapiccola, C., Darwish, M. R., Davoli, Alessandro, Cosa, Annapaola de, De Simone, Andrea, Delle Rose, Luigi, Deppisch, Frank F., Dey, Biplab, Diamond, Miriam D., Dienes, Keith R., Dildick, Sven, Doebrich, Babette, Drewes, Marco, Eich, Melanie, ElSawy, M., Escalante del Valle, Alberto, Facini, Gabriel, Farina, Marco, Feng, Jonathan L., Fischer, Oliver, Flaecher, H. U., Foldenauer, Patrick, Freytsis, Marat, Fuks, Benjamin, Galon, Iftah, Gershtein, Yuri, Giagu, Stefano, Giammanco, Andrea, Gligorov, Vladimir V., Golling, Tobias, Grancagnolo, Sergio, Gustavino, Giuliano, Haas, Andrew, Hahn, Kristian, Hajer, Jan, Hammad, Ahmed, Heinrich, Lukas, Heisig, Jan, Helo, J. C., Hesketh, Gavin, Hill, Christopher S., Hirsch, Martin, Hohlmann, M., Holmes, Tova, Hulsbergen, W., Huth, John, Ilten, Philip, Jacques, Thomas, Jayatilaka, Bodhitha, Jeng, Geng-Yuan, Johns, K. A., Kaji, Toshiaki, Kasieczka, Gregor, Kats, Yevgeny, Kazana, Malgorzata, Keller, Henning, Khlopov, Maxim Yu, Kling, Felix, Kolberg, Ted R., Kostiuk, Igor, Kuwertz, Emma Sian, Kvam, Audrey, Landsberg, Greg, Lanfranchi, Gaia, Lara, Inaki, Ledovskoy, Alexander, Linthorne, Dylan, Liu, Jia, Longarini, Iacopo, Lowette, Steven, Lubatti, Henry, Lutz, Margaret, Luo, Jingyu, Mamuzic, Judita, Marinangeli, Matthieu, Mariotti, Alberto, Marlow, Daniel, McCullough, Matthew, McDermott, Kevin, Mermod, P., Milstead, David A., Mishra-Sharma, Siddharth, Mitsou, Vasiliki A., Montejo Berlingen, Javier, Moortgat, Filip, Morandini, Alessandro, Polyxeni Morris, Alice, Morse, David Michael, Mrenna, Stephen, Nachman, Benjamin, Nemevsek, Miha, Nesti, Fabrizio, Ohm, Christian C., Pascoli, Silvia, Pedro, Kevin, Pena, Cristian, Pena Rodriguez, Karla Josefina, Piedra, Jonatan, Pinfold, James L., Policicchio, Antonio, Popara, Goran, Prisciandaro, Jessica, Proffitt, Mason, Rauco, Giorgia, Redi, Federico, Reece, Matthew, Reinsvold Hall, Allison, Sfar, H. Rejeb, Renner, Sophie, Robinson, Dean, Roepe, Amber, Ronzani, Manfredi, Salvioni, Ennio, Santra, Arka, Sawada, Ryu, Scholtz, Jakub, Schuster, Philip, Schwaller, Pedro, Sebastiani, Cristiano, Sekmen, Sezen, Selvaggi, Michele, Si, Weinan, Soffi, Livia, Stolarski, Daniel, Stuart, David, Stupak III, John, Sung, Kevin, Taylor, Wendy, Templ, Sebastian, Thomas, Brooks, Torro-Pastor, Emma, Trocino, Daniele, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Trovato, Marco, Tsai, Yuhsin, Tully, C. G., Vami, Tamas Almos, Vasquez, Juan Carlos, Vazquez Sierra, Carlos, Vellidis, K., Vermassen, Basile, Vit, Martina, Walker, Devin G. E., Wang, Xiao-Ping, Watts, Gordon, Xie, Si, Yexley, Melissa, Young, Charles, Yu, Jiang-Hao, Zalewski, Piotr, Zhang, Yongchao, Alimena, Juliette, Beacham, James, Borsato, Martino, Cheng, Yangyang, Cid Vidal, Xabier, Cottin, Giovanna, Curtin, David, De Roeck, Albert, Desai, Nishita, Evans, Jared A., Knapen, Simon, Kraml, Sabine, Lessa, Andre, Liu, Zhen, Mehlhase, Sascha, Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J., Russell, Heather, Shelton, Jessie, Shuve, Brian, Verducci, Monica, Zurita, Jose, Adams, Todd, Adersberger, Michael, Alpigiani, Cristiano, Apresyan, Artur, Bainbridge, Robert John, Batozskaya, Varvara, Beauchesne, Hugues, Benato, Lisa, Berlendis, S., Bhal, Eshwen, Blekman, Freya, Borovilou, Christina, Boyd, Jamie, Brau, Benjamin P., Bryngemark, Lene, Buchmueller, Oliver, Buschmann, Malte, Buttinger, William, Campanelli, Mario, Cesarotti, Cari, Chen, Chunhui, Cheng, Hsin-Chia, Cheong, Sanha, Citron, Matthew, Coccaro, Andrea, Coco, V., Conte, Eric, Cormier, Felix, Corpe, Louie D., Craig, Nathaniel, Cui, Yanou, Dall'Occo, Elena, Dallapiccola, C., Darwish, M. R., Davoli, Alessandro, Cosa, Annapaola de, De Simone, Andrea, Delle Rose, Luigi, Deppisch, Frank F., Dey, Biplab, Diamond, Miriam D., Dienes, Keith R., Dildick, Sven, Doebrich, Babette, Drewes, Marco, Eich, Melanie, ElSawy, M., Escalante del Valle, Alberto, Facini, Gabriel, Farina, Marco, Feng, Jonathan L., Fischer, Oliver, Flaecher, H. U., Foldenauer, Patrick, Freytsis, Marat, Fuks, Benjamin, Galon, Iftah, Gershtein, Yuri, Giagu, Stefano, Giammanco, Andrea, Gligorov, Vladimir V., Golling, Tobias, Grancagnolo, Sergio, Gustavino, Giuliano, Haas, Andrew, Hahn, Kristian, Hajer, Jan, Hammad, Ahmed, Heinrich, Lukas, Heisig, Jan, Helo, J. C., Hesketh, Gavin, Hill, Christopher S., Hirsch, Martin, Hohlmann, M., Holmes, Tova, Hulsbergen, W., Huth, John, Ilten, Philip, Jacques, Thomas, Jayatilaka, Bodhitha, Jeng, Geng-Yuan, Johns, K. A., Kaji, Toshiaki, Kasieczka, Gregor, Kats, Yevgeny, Kazana, Malgorzata, Keller, Henning, Khlopov, Maxim Yu, Kling, Felix, Kolberg, Ted R., Kostiuk, Igor, Kuwertz, Emma Sian, Kvam, Audrey, Landsberg, Greg, Lanfranchi, Gaia, Lara, Inaki, Ledovskoy, Alexander, Linthorne, Dylan, Liu, Jia, Longarini, Iacopo, Lowette, Steven, Lubatti, Henry, Lutz, Margaret, Luo, Jingyu, Mamuzic, Judita, Marinangeli, Matthieu, Mariotti, Alberto, Marlow, Daniel, McCullough, Matthew, McDermott, Kevin, Mermod, P., Milstead, David A., Mishra-Sharma, Siddharth, Mitsou, Vasiliki A., Montejo Berlingen, Javier, Moortgat, Filip, Morandini, Alessandro, Polyxeni Morris, Alice, Morse, David Michael, Mrenna, Stephen, Nachman, Benjamin, Nemevsek, Miha, Nesti, Fabrizio, Ohm, Christian C., Pascoli, Silvia, Pedro, Kevin, Pena, Cristian, Pena Rodriguez, Karla Josefina, Piedra, Jonatan, Pinfold, James L., Policicchio, Antonio, Popara, Goran, Prisciandaro, Jessica, Proffitt, Mason, Rauco, Giorgia, Redi, Federico, Reece, Matthew, Reinsvold Hall, Allison, Sfar, H. Rejeb, Renner, Sophie, Robinson, Dean, Roepe, Amber, Ronzani, Manfredi, Salvioni, Ennio, Santra, Arka, Sawada, Ryu, Scholtz, Jakub, Schuster, Philip, Schwaller, Pedro, Sebastiani, Cristiano, Sekmen, Sezen, Selvaggi, Michele, Si, Weinan, Soffi, Livia, Stolarski, Daniel, Stuart, David, Stupak III, John, Sung, Kevin, Taylor, Wendy, Templ, Sebastian, Thomas, Brooks, Torro-Pastor, Emma, Trocino, Daniele, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Trovato, Marco, Tsai, Yuhsin, Tully, C. G., Vami, Tamas Almos, Vasquez, Juan Carlos, Vazquez Sierra, Carlos, Vellidis, K., Vermassen, Basile, Vit, Martina, Walker, Devin G. E., Wang, Xiao-Ping, Watts, Gordon, Xie, Si, Yexley, Melissa, Young, Charles, Yu, Jiang-Hao, Zalewski, Piotr, and Zhang, Yongchao
Abstract: Particles beyond the Standard Model (SM) can generically have lifetimes that are long compared to SM particles at the weak scale. When produced at experiments such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, these long-lived particles (LLPs) can decay far from the interaction vertex of the primary proton-proton collision. Such LLP signatures are distinct from those of promptly decaying particles that are targeted by the majority of searches for new physics at the LHC, often requiring customized techniques to identify, for example, significantly displaced decay vertices, tracks with atypical properties, and short track segments. Given their non-standard nature, a comprehensive overview of LLP signatures at the LHC is beneficial to ensure that possible avenues of the discovery of new physics are not overlooked. Here we report on the joint work of a community of theorists and experimentalists with the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments-as well as those working on dedicated experiments such as MoEDAL, milliQan, MATHUSLA, CODEX-b, and FASER-to survey the current state of LLP searches at the LHC, and to chart a path for the development of LLP searches into the future, both in the upcoming Run 3 and at the high-luminosity LHC. The work is organized around the current and future potential capabilities of LHC experiments to generally discover new LLPs, and takes a signature-based approach to surveying classes of models that give rise to LLPs rather than emphasizing any particular theory motivation. We develop a set of simplified models; assess the coverage of current searches; document known, often unexpected backgrounds; explore the capabilities of proposed detector upgrades; provide recommendations for the presentation of search results; and look towards the newest frontiers, namely high-multiplicity 'dark showers', highlighting opportunities for expanding the LHC reach for these signals.
Published: 2020
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50. Early life exposure to phthalates in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study : a multi-city birth cohort

Author: Navaranjan, Garthika, Takaro, Tim K., Wheeler, Amanda J., Diamond, Miriam L., Shu, Huan, Azad, Meghan B., Becker, Allan B., Dai, Ruixue, Harris, Shelley A., Lefebvre, Diana L., Lu, Zihang, Mandhane, Piush J., McLean, Kathleen, Moraes, Theo J., Scott, James A., Turvey, Stuart E., Sears, Malcolm R., Subbarao, Padmaja, Brook, Jeffrey R., Navaranjan, Garthika, Takaro, Tim K., Wheeler, Amanda J., Diamond, Miriam L., Shu, Huan, Azad, Meghan B., Becker, Allan B., Dai, Ruixue, Harris, Shelley A., Lefebvre, Diana L., Lu, Zihang, Mandhane, Piush J., McLean, Kathleen, Moraes, Theo J., Scott, James A., Turvey, Stuart E., Sears, Malcolm R., Subbarao, Padmaja, and Brook, Jeffrey R.
Abstract: Background Few studies have examined phthalate exposure during infancy and early life, critical windows of development. The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study, a population-based birth cohort, ascertained multiple exposures during early life. Objective To characterize exposure to phthalates during infancy and early childhood. Methods Environmental questionnaires were administered, and urine samples collected at 3, 12, and 36 months. In the first 1578 children, urine was analyzed for eight phthalate metabolites: mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP). Geometric mean (GM) concentrations were calculated by age, together with factors that may influence concentrations. Trends with age were examined using mixed models and differences within factors examined using ANOVA. Results The highest urinary concentration was for the metabolite MBP at all ages (GM: 15-32 ng/mL). Concentrations of all phthalate metabolites significantly increased with age ranging from GM: 0.5-15.1 ng/mL at 3 months and 1.9-32.1 ng/mL at 36 months. Concentrations of all metabolites were higher in the lowest income categories except for MEHP at 3 months, among children with any breastfeeding at 12 months, and in urine collected on dates with warmer outdoor temperatures (>17 degrees C), except for MBzP at 3 months and MEHP at 3 and 12 months. No consistent differences were found by gender, study site, or maternal age. Conclusions Higher phthalate metabolite concentrations were observed among children in lower income families. Examination of factors associated with income could inform interventions aimed to reduce infant phthalate exposure.
Published: 2020
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