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Background: Harassment is defined and labelled differently in different studies. In the context of video games it has been investigated multiple ways: diary studies, interviews, surveys and screen recordings. Methods: Video data through participating observation were conducted from the end of February 2024 to the beginning of April 2024. A total of 24 matches, with 219 participants, were recorded. The questions of how often harassment occurs, which of the five defined types of harassment occur, whether there are differences between game modes, what differences there are in terms of the reaction to harassment, and whether there are gender differences in terms of the victims, were investigated. Results: One third of the matches contained harassment. Offensive harassment occurred most frequently, with harassment occurring more frequently in competitive game mode and demonstrating a wider range of harassment. In most cases, harassment is focussed either on the player's own team or on the opposing team. The range of harassment within a team is also greater than when harassment is directed at the opposing team. In competitive game mode, harassment is mainly focussed on the own team. Conclusions: The results of the study support the findings of other studies. They also indicate that harassment in video games should be investigated with a larger number of influencing factors. In particular, the methodology used closes a research gap and could ensure a better insight into the different types of harassment without collecting the data through third parties and thus presumably causing bias.

This quantitative study aimed to explore the impact of dysfunctional parenting on aggression and disruptive behaviour among children. The data were collected from 100 children studying at different institutes in Rawalpindi, using a purposive sampling technique. The participants of the study varied in age between 11-14 years. Three scales, that is, the Parenting Scale (PS), the Aggression Scale (AS), and the Disruptive Behaviour Sale Professed by Students (DBS-PS) were used for data collection. The data analysis was performed using correlation analysis, linear regression, and independent sample T-test. It was hypothesized that dysfunctional parenting would be positively correlated with aggression and disruptive behaviour, and dysfunctional parenting would have a significant impact on aggression and disruptive behaviour. The findings revealed that dysfunctional parenting was positively correlated with disruptive behaviour, but not with aggression. On the other hand, aggression and disruptive behaviour were positively correlated. Moreover, it was also proved that dysfunctional parenting had a significant impact on aggression and disruptive behaviour. However, there were no significant gender differences to be found in the study outcomes. This research will help to fill the gap in the research on student aggression and dysfunctional parenting.

The main objective of the study was to find out the causes of disruptive behavior among the elementary school students and to suggest remedies about it. The target population of the study consisted of 520 elementary-level students of 7th grade and all the Elementary School Teachers teaching at 34 elementary schools situated in Tehsil D.G. Khan. 328 students along with 29 teachers were selected by using cluster random sampling technique as a sample for this study. A Questionnaire on Disruptive Behaviour Scale (QDBS) was developed to collect data from the sampled respondents. A semi structured interview was also conducted with elementary school teachers in order to generalize the results of the study. The results of the study exhibited numerous causes of the disruptive behaviour like; inexperienced teachers, teachers’ less command over the subject matter, low teaching quality, poor and uncaring parenting, students’ emotional and mental problems. In the light of the conclusions, it is suggested to arrange collaborative training sessions for the teachers and the parents to reduce the disruptive behaviour of the students in the classroom.

The purpose of this study was to explore strategies used by schools to cope with indiscipline in rural secondary schools in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Indiscipline in secondary schools of Limpopo Province in Sekhukhune District has become an evil and dangerous influence that spreads and affects learners’ behaviour and their moral upbringing. The Department of Basic Education brought alternatives to indiscipline but these measures seem not to be working as learners continue to challenge teachers. Since corporal punishment was abolished in 1994, schools are expected to come up with strategies to deal with indiscipline. The high prevalence of indiscipline in schools in Limpopo Province has propelled the researcher to explore strategies used in South African rural schools in Sekhukhune District of Limpopo Province to cope with indiscipline as it affects teaching and learning. The research question was: What are strategies used by schools in Moutse Cluster to cope with indiscipline? The sub questions were: What does the policy say about addressing indiscipline? What forms of indiscipline prevail in schools? What strategies do schools use to cope with indiscipline? The study will be beneficial to policy makers, curriculum implementers, curriculum developers and advisors, the Department of Education and schools. The study was conducted in Limpopo Province, in Moteti area and Elandsrooring at Groblersdal. It was limited to senior phase teachers, teachers in disciplinary committees and class teachers. The study used qualitative research since the title sets out to develop understanding of individuals and events in their natural setting. The study used semi-structured interviews as a method of data collection. It also used purposive sampling, hence the research question sought responses from teachers and learners who had more knowledge and experience in indiscipline. The study found that there exist strategies used by schools in order to cope with indiscipline although t

BACKGROUND: Mental health disorders in the context of long-term conditions in children and young people are currently overlooked and undertreated. Evidence-based psychological treatments for common childhood mental health disorders (anxiety, depression and disruptive behaviour disorders) have not been systematically evaluated in young people with epilepsy despite their high prevalence in this population. The aim of this multi-site randomised controlled trial is to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of adding a modular psychological intervention to usual care for the mental health disorders in comparison to assessment-enhanced usual care alone. METHODS: In total, 334 participants aged 3-18 years attending epilepsy services will be screened for mental health disorders with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the diagnostic Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA). Those identified as having a mental health disorder and consenting to the trial will be randomised to either receive up to 22 sessions of the modular psychological intervention (MATCH-ADTC) delivered over the telephone over 6 months by non-mental health professionals in addition to usual care or to assessment-enhanced usual care alone. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, 6 months and 12 months post-randomisation. It is hypothesised that MATCH-ADTC plus usual care will be superior to assessment-enhanced usual care in improving emotional and behavioural symptoms. The primary outcome is the SDQ reported by parents at 6 months. Secondary outcomes include parent-reported mental health measures such as the Revised Childrens Anxiety and Depression Scale, quality of life measures such as the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory and physical health measures such as the Hague Seizure Severity Scale. Outcome assessors will be blinded to group assignment. Qualitative process evaluations and a health economic evaluation will also be completed. DISCUSSION: This trial aims to deter

To assess the stress factors affecting operating theater nurses during the perioperative period. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional survey by means of a specifically drawn-up questionnaire based on the data available in the literature. Stress was measured on a 0/100 visual analogue scale (VAS). Six hundred and twelve (612) persons responded. Stress associated with an operation amounted to 31.8; it was higher at the time of the procedure (49.6) and immediately beforehand (39.4), particularly among the least experienced nurses. The most widely represented stress factors were associated with the surgical team (perceived incompetence, lack of confidence), relational problems with regard to the surgeon, and team members' disruptive behavior. By contrast, familiarity with the team or the procedure seemed to shield the nurses from stress. Feelings of stress had a relatively frequent impact on quality of life (33%), family and personal life (26%), with chronic (recurrent or constant) stress symptoms reported among 20% of respondents. Among operating theater nurses, stress associated with an operation was particularly strong among the least experienced professionals, when the type of procedure or the other team members were unfamiliar, and in the event of disruptive behavior. Stress factor improvement should be a priority, the objective being to enhance professional and personal quality of life, while better ensuring patient safety.

Research suggests that children with behavioural difficulties exhibit ‘positive illusory bias’ (PIB), in which they overestimate their competencies leading to a perception of self that is more positive than the perceptions held by their peers, parents or teachers. However, research to date has focused on children of elementary school age and none has examined the potential role of oral language competence. This study investigates whether children aged 9-16 years with a history of disruptive behaviour exhibit PIB when compared to students with no such history, and whether there are differences between groups in expressive and receptive vocabulary. We found significant differences between groups in expressive vocabulary, but minimal differences between children’s, parents’, and teachers’ ratings of child behaviour. Differences were also found in self-descriptions: participants with disruptive behaviour were less likely to describe themselves positively than participants without. Our research finds no evidence of PIB among older children with disruptive behaviour and suggests that language competence should be considered more closely in future research.

This study explores the relationship between disruption and three sets of indicators on school climate from a multi-informant approach. The data came from 4055 teachers and 16017 students from 187 secondary schools. The three dependent variables were teachers’ and students’ perceptions of disruption, and students’ admitting having participated in disruptive actions. The indicators chosen as predictors included a first group related to the school-climate quality, a second one about organizational measures that could improve this climate, and a third group about obstacles that deteriorate it. The results showed that teachers’ perceptions have a higher relation with the three sets of predictors. Meanwhile, indicators of obstacles to coexistence were those who showed greater variance associated with the three measures of disruption. It was found that, when teachers feel valued and respected by families, this is associated to lower levels of teachers’ perceived disruption and students’ admitted disruption. The analysis of the obstacles in achieving a good school climate shows that disruptive and aggressive behaviors are closely linked. Relations with teachers’ coercive behavior support the existence of growing disruption-coercion-disruption loops., El presente estudio explora la relación entre la disrupción y tres conjuntos de indicadores sobre la convivencia escolar desde una perspectiva multi-informante. Los datos procedían de 4055 profesores y 16017 estudiantes de 187 centros de secundaria. Las tres variables dependientes fueron la percepción de profesores y alumnos sobre la disrupción, y el reconocimiento por los alumnos de acciones disruptivas. Los predictores elegidos comprendían aquellos relacionados con la calidad de la convivencia, otros sobre medidas organizativas del centro que mejoran dicha convivencia y un tercer grupo sobre obstáculos que la deterioran. Los resultados muestran una mayor relación de la percepción de los profesores con los tres grupos de predictores. Los indicadores de obstáculos a la convivencia mostraron una mayor varianza asociada con las tres medidas de la disrupción. La valoración y respeto de las familias también se asocia con bajos niveles de disrupción. El análisis de los obstáculos a la convivencia muestra que las conductas disruptivas y agresivas están íntimamente unidas. Las relaciones con las conductas coercitivas por parte del profesor encajan con la existencia de bucles de disrupción-coerción-disrupción crecientes.

En la actualidad el incremento de los problemas de disciplina en el aula supone una preocupación para el profesorado y un obstáculo para el desarrollo del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Para que la intervención educativa sea eficaz, es necesario diferenciar los distintos tipos de conflictos, abordándolos desde diversas perspectivas. En este artículo se ha realizado un análisis documental de las sucesivas leyes educativas españolas, buscando en cada una la frecuencia de aparición de palabras claves referidas al comportamiento del alumnado, se ha analizado la respuesta ante la conflictividad y la diferencia entre el abordaje de la conducta grave y la disruptiva, menos grave. Como resultado se observa una evolución positiva de la normativa, influida por una sociedad más concienciada de la importancia de un buen clima escolar para conseguir el sano desarrollo personal y mejor aprendizaje del alumnado. La ley actual diferencia entre conductas graves y leves y muestra una mayor preocupación, no solo por frenar el incremento de estos comportamientos, sino también por prevenirlos. Pero todavía queda mucho por avanzar, pues aún no se dan orientaciones claras que ayuden al profesorado a abordar las conductas leves de forma adecuada, pese a las dificultades que suponen para el proceso de aprendizaje., Nowadays, increasing discipline problems in the classroom have become a concern for teachers and an obstacle for the development of the teaching-learning process. To adequately develop an effective educational intervention, it is essential to distinguish between different types of conflicts and to approach them from different perspectives. This paper presents an analysis of the successive educational Spanish laws, specifically examining the frequency of appearance of those keywords regarding students’ behavior in each law. The responses provided to approach conflict were studied, differentiating from serious misconduct and less serious disruptive behavior.Results show a positive evolution of the Spanish regulations: This is due to the increase of social awareness regarding the importance of creating a favourable school environment to ensure a healthy personal development and better learning. The current law distinguishes misconduct and disruptive behavior and also expresses its concern about the increase in this kind of behavior and provides ways of preventing it. However, further progress is still to be achieved as there is a need for clear guidelines for teachers to properly deal with disruptive behavior. Despite the difficulties that this kind of behavior entail to the learning process, these recommendations are still not laid down despite the difficulties faced by the learning process.

Mental health problems are common in children and adolescents, yet evidence-based treatments are hard to access. Self-help interventions can increase such access. The aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of guided and unguided self-help for children and young people with symptoms of common mental health disorders. In contrast to previous reviews of self-help in children, all types of self-help and multiple mental health disorders were investigated in order to increase power to investigate potential moderators of efficacy. Importantly, studies with control arms as well as those comparing against traditional face-to-face treatments were included. Fifty studies (n = 3396 participants in self-help/guided self-help conditions) met the inclusion criteria. Results demonstrated a moderate positive effect size for guided and unguided self-help interventions when compared against a control group (n = 44; g = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.61, p <.01) and a small but significant negative effect size when compared to other therapies (n = 15; g = −0.17; 95% CI: –0.27 to –0.07, p <.01). Few potential moderators had a significant effect on outcome. Most comparisons resulted in significant heterogeneity and therefore results are interpreted with caution.

Disruptive attitudes are frequently an important issue to be manage for teachers during their classes. In the study, we will try to analyse the possibilities offered by cooperative learning as a pedagogical model for the decrease in these disruptive attitudes. We used the validated Spanish version of the questionnaire of the original short version of the Physical Education Classroom Instrument for the evaluation of disruptive behaviour in high school students. It was taken a sample of 114 subjects studying 1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th grade. The study consisted on performing two sessions of cooperative challenges in a PE class with an experimental group (COOP); and with the other group (CONTROL) the classes were performed as usually. After the performance of these sessions, we found statistically significant improvement of the COOP group regarding several variables such as aggression, disobedience, irresponsibility and disruption of the classroom environment, encouraging the interpersonal relations of the COOP group, unlike the CONTROL group in which no improvement were found., Las actitudes disruptivas suponen un gran problema para el profesorado en el transcurso de sus clases. Por ello, la finalidad del estudio es conocer y analizar las posibilidades que ofrece la metodología cooperativa como modelo pedagógico en la mejora de dichas actitudes. Se ha utilizado el cuestionario en su versión española validada de la versión corta original del Physical Education Classroom Instrument para la evaluación de conductas disruptivas en alumnado de secundaria. Se ha tomado una muestra de 114 sujetos de primer y segundo ciclo de ESO. Se realizaron dos sesiones de retos cooperativos en EF con un grupo (COOP); y con el otro grupo (CONTROL) se siguió la clase con normalidad. Tras la intervención, a diferencia del grupo control, se observan mejoras estadísticamente significativas en diversas variables tales como agresividad, desobediencia, irresponsabilidad y perturbación del ambiente de clase, favoreciendo así las relaciones interpersonales del grupo, tan sólo del grupo COOP.

Students with disruptive behaviour in the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) are increasingly being educated in separate ‘behaviour’ schools. There is however surprisingly little research on how students view these settings, or indeed the mainstream schools from which they were excluded. To better understand excluded students’ current and past educational experiences, we interviewed 33 boys, aged between 9 and 16 years of age, who were enrolled in separate special schools for students with disruptive behaviour. Analyses reveal that the majority of participants began disliking school in the early years due to difficulties with schoolwork and teacher conflict. Interestingly, while most indicated that they preferred the behaviour school, more than half still wanted to return to their old school. It is therefore clear that separate special educational settings are not a solution to disruptive behaviour in mainstream schools. Whilst these settings do fulfil a function for some students, the preferences of the majority of boys suggest that ‘mainstream’ school reform is of first-order importance.

Att etablera och upprätthålla ordning i klassrummet är en komplex uppgift för lärare, särskilt för oerfarna lärare som ännu inte har etablerat egna framgångsrika metoder. Syftet med denna studie är att analysera hur lärare och elever konstruerar lokal ordning och agenda, genom empiriska observationer av daglig klassrumsinteraktion. En genomgång av tidigare forskning visar att klassrumsordning kan studeras från olika perspektiv, inklusive historiska, moraliska, kulturella och konstruktivistiska perspektiv. Denna studie utgår från ett etnometodologiskt perspektiv och teoretiska begrepp som direktiv, tillsägelser, sanktionering, mitigering, uppgradering, intersubjektivitet och ansvarsskyldighet utgör verktyg för analys av interaktionen. Observationerna dokumenterades genom videoinspelningar och fältanteckningar under lektioner i två mellanstadieklasser från två åtskilda skolor. Datamaterialet består huvudsakligen av transkriberad interaktion från 735 minuters lektionstid. Interaktionerna har analyserats med samtalsanalys och vissa inslag av etnografiska metoder. Resultaten visar att både lärare och elever kan observeras konstruera ordning genom att adressera oönskat eller störande beteende. Lärare använder många olika strategier för att ge direktiv eller korrigera elever, medan eleverna verkar imitera vissa av dessa strategier när de saktionerar sina kamrater. Lärare tenderar att mitigera sina tillsägelser på olika sätt, medan elever interagerar på ett mer omitigerat sätt gentemot varandra. De flesta korrigeringar handlade om oönskade ljud eller prat, med det fanns även andra exempel, bland annat ouppmärksamhet (enligt lärare) och handlingar som ansågs vara fusk (enligt elever). Lärare använde även förebyggande strategier för att undvika potentiella problem innan de uppstod. När elever utmanade den rådande maktstrukturen kunde det leda till uppgraderade tillsägelser från lärarens sida, eller till agendakonflikter som inte alltid hade en självklar lösning. Denna studie, Establishing and maintaining classroom order among students is a complex task for any teacher, especially for inexperienced teachers who have not yet established their own successful methods. The aim of this study is to analyse how teachers and students construct local order and agenda through empirical observations of everyday classroom interaction. A review of previous research reveals that classroom order can be studied from different perspectives including historical, moral, cultural and constructionist perspectives. This study uses an ethnomethodological perspective and theoretical terms such as directives, reproaches, sanctions, mitigations, upgrades, intersubjectivity and accountability as tools for analysis of interaction. Observations were documented through video recordings and field notes during lessons in two middle school classrooms, from two different schools. The data consists mainly of transcribed interaction from 735 minutes of lesson time. Data has been analysed using Conversations Analysis conventions as well as some aspects of ethnographic methods. Results show that both teachers and students can be observed to construct order by addressing unwanted or disruptive behaviour. Teachers use many different strategies to direct or reproach students, while students appear to mimic some of these when sanctioning their peers. Teachers tend to mitigate their reproaches in various ways, while peers interact in a more unmitigated manner. The main cause for reproach was unwanted noises or talking, along with a variety of other examples such as inattention (addressed by teachers) or cheating (addressed by peers). Teachers also used preventative strategies in anticipation of potential problems. When students attempt to challenge the teacher’s position of power, it can lead to upgraded reproaches or to agenda conflicts which sometimes have no simple solution. This study provides examples of strategies implemented by teachers and students when constructing order

This master thesis deals with preventing learner indiscipline in the classroom with the help of so called active learning. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part, firstly, introduces classroom discipline, manifestations of learner indiscipline as well as strategies for maintaining discipline in the classroom. Then, active learning as one of the preventive strategies for indiscipline is described. Lastly, the interconnection of active learning with the Czech curricular reform as well as CEFR descriptors presented. The following practical part introduces a research which aim is to find out if learner disruptive behaviour occurs while active learning tasks are being implemented in instruction., Tato diplomová práce se zabývá prevencí nekázně žáků za pomoci využití tzv. aktivního učení. Práce je rozdělena na dvě části teoretickou a praktickou. Teoretická část nejprve představuje školní kázeň, projevy nekázně žáků a také strategie pro udržování kázně ve třídě. Poté je popsáno aktivní učení jako jedna z preventivních strategií nekázně. Poslední dvě kapitoly pak pojednávají o propojení aktivního učení s kurikulární reformou České republiky a CEFR deskriptory. Následující praktická část představuje výzkum, jehož cílem je zjistit, zdali při úkolech zaměřených na žákovo zapojení se do výuky dochází k rušivému chování ze strany žáků, či nikoliv., Fakulta filozofická

Students with disruptive behaviour in the Australian state of New South Wales are increasingly being educated in separate “behaviour” schools. There is however surprisingly little research on how students view these settings, or indeed the mainstream schools from which they were excluded. To better understand excluded students’ current and past educational experiences, we interviewed 33 boys, aged between 9 and 16 years of age, who were enrolled in separate special schools for students with disruptive behaviour. Analyses reveal that the majority of participants began disliking school in the early years due to difficulties with school work and teacher conflict. Interestingly, while most indicated that they preferred the behaviour school, more than half still wanted to return to their old school. It is therefore clear that separate special educational settings are not a solution to disruptive behaviour in mainstream schools. Whilst these settings do fulfil a function for some students, the preferences of the majority of boys suggest that “mainstream” school reform is of first order importance.

Bakalářská práce se zabývá sociálními službami zameřené na děti a mladistvé, kteří se dostali do nepříznivých životních situací. Práce rozebírá příčiny a vlivy těchto tíživých situací.Cílem je zmapování nízkoprahových zařízení v městě brně a shrnutí poznatků o poskytovaných službách. Závěr tvoří návrhy na obohacení a zlepšení činností těchto zařízení., This bachelors thesis is concerned adverse life circumstances. The thesis elaborates on the cause of and impact of such unfavourable circumstances. The objective of the thesis is to survey services provided by Brno-based low-threshold centres and to present a summary of data acquired. The thesis concludes with proposals on service improvement and development in the low-threshold centres., Institut mezioborových studií

A number of factors are thought to increase the risk of serious psychiatric disorder, including a family history of mental health issues and/or childhood trauma. As a result, some mental health advocates argue for a pre-emptive approach that includes the use of powerful anti-psychotic medication with young people considered at-risk of developing bipolar disorder or psychosis. This controversial approach is enabled and, at the same time, obscured by medical discourses that speak of promoting and maintaining youth “wellbeing”, however, there are inherent dangers both to the pre-emptive approach and in its positioning within the discourse of wellbeing. This chapter critically engages with these dangers by drawing on research with “at-risk” children and young people enrolled in special schools for disruptive behaviour. The stories told by these highly diagnosed and heavily medicated young people act as a cautionary tale to counter the increasingly common perception that pills and “Dr Phil’s” can cure social ills.

Aim Recent studies have demonstrated the beneficial long-term effects of an indicated parent support programme for acting out behaviour in pre-school children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits. In this study we wanted to assess different thresholds for screening with the Conners scale for hyperactive-inattentive behaviours in first grade for ADHD in grade four. Method The study population consisted of 422 first graders (6- to 7-year-olds) in one municipality in Stockholm County who were screened with Conners 10-item scale and followed up by ADHD assessment in grade four. Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and positive predictive value (PPV) of the screening by parents and teachers in first grade for being diagnosed with ADHD in fourth grade were calculated. Results The prevalence of pervasive and situational ADHD was 5.7% and 5.9% respectively. A score ≥10 on the Conners scale in first grade in teachers' reports identified 63% [95% confidence interval (CI): 43-79] of children diagnosed with pervasive ADHD in grade four (P < 0.001) with a PPV of 29% and a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 6.72. Parental reports of a score ≥10 yielded a lower sensitivity (29%; 95% CI: 15-49), PPV of 20% and LR+ of 4.24 for pervasive ADHD. The best predictor was a combination of parent and teacher scores ≥10 with a PPV of 50% and LR+ of 16.63. Associations with situational ADHD were weak with LR+ of 1.81 and 2.49, respectively, for teachers' and parental scores ≥10. Conclusions This study indicates a strong association between a teacher's report of a score ≥10 on the Conners scale in first grade and pervasive ADHD in grade four, while parental reports were less predictive.

Current public health initiatives recognize that obesity is increasing to epidemic proportions in developed countries. In keeping with the view of obesity as a developmental, progressive condition, targeting childhood factors that predict increases in body mass index (BMI) may result in the development of more effective prevention interventions. To date, prospective studies of child-onset psychopathology and adult overweight in representative community samples are limited by short duration of follow-up into adulthood and an inability to make psychiatric diagnoses. Where available, childhood data has been analyzed together with adolescent data, such that it is difficult to disentangle the relationship between early psychological distress and adult overweight in these developmentally heterogeneous groups. The main objective of this thesis is to examine the relationship between childhood and adolescent symptoms of (i) Depression (ii) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD] and (iii) Conduct Disorder [CD] with adult overweight, in a large, prospectively followed, community sample of Canadian children. This thesis includes the 1,992 children aged 4-11 years and 1,302 adolescents aged 12-16 years who participated in the Ontario Child Health Survey (OCHS), a provincially funded, prospective cohort study of the psychiatric and general child health of a representative sample ofOntario community children undertaken in 1983 with follow-up assessment in 2000. Data are collected from multiple informants; psychiatric disorders are determined by a combination of parental, youth and teacher self-report and interviewer-administered measures. BMI is a derived variable determined from self-reported height and weight in 2000. Multiple regression analyses are undertaken to examine the association of child and adolescent mental illness with adult overweight, after controlling for the effects of age, sex, socioeconomic status, parental psychiatric histo, Master of Science (MSc)

A significant gap exists in the Australian research literature on the disproportionate over-representation of minority groups in special education. The aim of this paper is to make a contribution to the research evidence-base by sketching an outline of the issue as it presents in Australia’s largest education system in the state of New South Wales. Findings from this research show that Indigenous students are equally represented in special schools enrolling students with autism, physical, sensory, and intellectual disabilities, but significantly over-represented in special schools enrolling students under the categories of emotional disturbance, behaviour disorder and juvenile detention. Factors that might influence the disproportionate over-representation of Indigenous children and young people are discussed, and based on these observations, some practical implications for policy and practice are provided.

The effort to make schools more inclusive, together with the pressure to retain students until the end of secondary school, has greatly increased both the number and educational requirements of students enrolling in their local school. Of critical concern, despite years of research and improvements in policy, pedagogy and educational knowledge, is the enduring categorisation and marginalization of students with diverse abilities. Research has shown that it can be difficult for schools to negotiate away from the pressure to categorise or diagnose such students, particularly those with challenging behaviour. In this paper, we highlight instances where some schools have responded to increasing diversity by developing new cultural practices to engage both staff and students; in some cases, decreasing suspension while improving retention, behaviour and performance.

The last few decades have witnessed a broad international movement towards the development of inclusive schools through targeted special education funding and resourcing policies. Student placement statistics are often used as a barometer of policy success but they may also be an indication of system change. In this paper, trends in student enrolments from the Australian state of New South Wales are considered in an effort to understand what effect inclusive education has had in this particular region of the world.

This paper discusses the findings of a research study that used semi-structured interviews to explore the views of primary school principals on inclusive education in New South Wales, Australia. Content analysis of the transcript data indicates that principals’ attitudes towards inclusive education and their success in engineering inclusive practices within their school are significantly affected by their own conception of what “inclusion” means, as well as the characteristics of the school community, and the attitudes and capacity of staff. In what follows, we present two parallel conversations that arose from the interview data to illustrate the main conceptual divisions existing between our participants’ conceptions of inclusion. First, we discuss the act of “being inclusive” which was perceived mainly as an issue of culture and pedagogy. Second, we consider the mechanics of “including,” which reflected a more instrumentalist position based on perceptions of individual student deficit, the level of support they may require and the amount of funding they can attract.

This study presents both the construction procedures and the results obtained with a 16- items Disruptive Behavior Scale Professed by Students (DBS-PS) for Portuguese students. The sample was made of 915 subjects from the 7th, the 8th, and the 9th grades. Results obtained with that self-report instrument were analyzed, and measures of reliability and of construct and concurrent discrimination were estimated. Three specific factors were identified for the school disruption through varimax-rotation factor analysis. These factors accounted for 51 per cent of the total variance. Reliability coefficients ranged between .67 and .88 for different factors and groups (socio-economic status, residential zone, sex, age and grade). Concurrent validity coefficients were satisfactory. Results were in accordance with the psychometric theory of psychological evaluation.

This study examines not only the role of students. disruptive behaviour and/or attitudes but also the difficulties perceived by teachers in managing conflicts as a function of the different sociodemographic and occupational variables (gender, age, professional experience, teaching cycle). The results obtained from a sample consisting in 1386 ESO teachers allow us to conclude that both types of stressors validly discriminate as a function of sociodemographic and occupational variables. Specifically, the stress associated to students. disruptive behaviour and to the difficulties faced by teachers in managing conflict has a greater incidence on female teachers, on second cycle teachers and on intermediate stages in the profession. If these findings are corroborated by further research, it would be important to design prevention and/or intervention programmes that are sensitive to these risk factors., Estrés laboral en profesores de enseñanza secundaria: examinando el papel de las conductas y/o actitudes problemáticas de los alumnos y la dificultad percibida en el manejo de conflictos. En este trabajo se examina, en función de distintas variables sociodemográficas y ocupacionales (sexo, edad, experiencia profesional, ciclo de docencia), no sólo el papel de las conductas y/o actitudes problemáticas de los alumnos, sino también las dificultades percibidas por los profesores en el manejo de conflictos. Los resultados obtenidos, a partir de una muestra de 1.386 docentes de ESO, permiten concluir que ambos tipos de estresores diferencian válidamente en función de las variables sociodemográficas y ocupacionales. Concretamente, el estrés asociado a los problemas de comportamiento de los alumnos y a las dificultades del docente en el manejo de conflictos, incide en mayor medida en las profesoras, en los docentes de segundo ciclo y en aquellas etapas intermedias de la profesión. En definitiva, si estos hallazgos se ratifican en futuras investigaciones, se trataría de diseñar programas preventivos y/o de intervención que sean sensibles a estos factores de riesgo.

To interrogate pedagogical discourses relating to child behaviour as "practices that systematically form the objects of which they speak" this paper features the analysis of three texts through the development and deployment of what might be called a poetics of pedagogical discourse. The principal text is a statement describing "problematic" behaviour in school. Of concern is how this particular statement functions - what does it do and with what effects? Here my analysis will be informed by the examination of two other texts. Each demonstrates techniques in the production of meaning; specifically, how performative language and intertextuality contribute to and enhance the constitutive properties of discourse. The aim is, first, to "try to grasp subjection in its material instance as a constitution of subjects" through the interrogation of discursive practices that, in objectifying and subjugating individual school children, create the condition of possibility for the recognition and classification of disorderly behaviour and behaviour disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A second, but no less important, aim is to call attention to the dangers inherent to the ways in which child behaviour comes to be described in schools.

Objective: Poor parent and teacher awareness for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the scepticism of many clinicians on the prevalence of the disorder, make Italy an interesting environment in which to verify neuropsychological constructs generated in a predominantly Northern American cultural contest. The aim of the study was to verify, by factor confirmatory analysis, the empirical validity of the DSM constructs underlying the diagnostic criteria for developmental disruptive behaviour disorders in Italian school-age children. Methods: Scores for DSM-IV inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and for conduct disorder (CD) symptoms in 6-12 years old Italian children were analysed from 1575 parent and 1085 teacher forms of the disruptive behaviour disorders questionnaires collected in four different Italian regions. Results: Reliability indicates high internal consistencies for both parent and teacher rating of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and oppositionality, but not for conduct problems. In accordance with the literature, a relatively low inter-rater convergent and discriminant validity correlation was observed comparing measures obtained by between parents and teachers. Confirmatory factor analysis of both parent and teacher data showed a better fit for a four-factor model, indicating a factor structure in accordance with the DSM-IV taxonomy. When completed by parents and teachers of clinically assessed ADHD, dyslexic or normal children, the disruptive behavioural disorder questionnaires showed a significant predictive diagnostic value. Conclusion: Although an informant variance higher that dimensional (trait) variance was observed, the study provides support for DSM-IV taxonomy for developmental disruptive disorders, showing construct validity of ADHD. ODD and CD could also be distinguished from each other. © 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.