Search

The planning of economic management within the financial area directly influences the operational activities of the Verdi Cevallos Balda Hospital, in times of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to studies carried out in 2020 and 2021. The purpose is to analyze the management of processes and especially the planning of the health emergency budget certificate that this public hospital has. An explanatory descriptive level of a non-experimental, transectional type was acquired when analyzing the influence of planning on economic management in the Financial area of ​​the Hospital; The population was made up of those responsible for the areas of: planning, budget, accounting, financial coordination and financial administrative management. The main results found were that the financial area manages its activities through well-structured processes and procedures, makes budget schedules with items that were activated in a health emergency, and its execution level was 95% in the two years. It is concluded that the Verdi Cevallos Balda Hospital has good financial management, thanks to its planning and processes that allow the printed card to be executed within the required deadlines and keep the Hospital operational., La planificación de la gestión económica dentro del área financiera influye directamente en las actividades operacionales del Hospital Verdi Cevallos Balda, en época de pandemia COVID-19, de acuerdo con los estudios realizados en los años 2020 y 2021. El propósito es analizar la gestión de procesos y especialmente la planificación de la cédula presupuestaria de emergencia sanitaria que tiene este hospital público. Se utilizó un nivel descriptivo explicativo de tipo no experimental, transeccional al analizar la influencia de la planificación en la gestión económica en el área Financiera del Hospital; la población estuvo compuesta por los responsables de las áreas de: planificación, presupuesto, contabilidad, coordinación financiera y dirección administrativa financiera. Los principales resultados encontrados fueron que el área financiera gestiona sus actividades mediante procesos y procedimientos bien estructurados, realizan cédulas presupuestarias con rubros que se activaron en emergencia sanitaria, y su nivel de ejecución fue del 95% en los dos años. Se concluye que el Hospital Verdi Cevallos Balda tiene una buena gestión financiera, gracias a su planificación y procesos que permite que la cédula presupuestaria sea ejecutada en los plazos requeridos y mantenga al Hospital operativo.

The planning of economic management within the financial area directly influences the operational activities of the Verdi Cevallos Balda Hospital, in times of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to studies carried out in 2020 and 2021. The purpose is to analyze the management of processes and especially the planning of the health emergency budget certificate that this public hospital has. An explanatory descriptive level of a non-experimental, transectional type was acquired when analyzing the influence of planning on economic management in the Financial area of ​​the Hospital; The population was made up of those responsible for the areas of: planning, budget, accounting, financial coordination and financial administrative management. The main results found were that the financial area manages its activities through well-structured processes and procedures, makes budget schedules with items that were activated in a health emergency, and its execution level was 95% in the two years. It is concluded that the Verdi Cevallos Balda Hospital has good financial management, thanks to its planning and processes that allow the printed card to be executed within the required deadlines and keep the Hospital operational., La planificación de la gestión económica dentro del área financiera influye directamente en las actividades operacionales del Hospital Verdi Cevallos Balda, en época de pandemia COVID-19, de acuerdo con los estudios realizados en los años 2020 y 2021. El propósito es analizar la gestión de procesos y especialmente la planificación de la cédula presupuestaria de emergencia sanitaria que tiene este hospital público. Se utilizó un nivel descriptivo explicativo de tipo no experimental, transeccional al analizar la influencia de la planificación en la gestión económica en el área Financiera del Hospital; la población estuvo compuesta por los responsables de las áreas de: planificación, presupuesto, contabilidad, coordinación financiera y dirección administrativa financiera. Los principales resultados encontrados fueron que el área financiera gestiona sus actividades mediante procesos y procedimientos bien estructurados, realizan cédulas presupuestarias con rubros que se activaron en emergencia sanitaria, y su nivel de ejecución fue del 95% en los dos años. Se concluye que el Hospital Verdi Cevallos Balda tiene una buena gestión financiera, gracias a su planificación y procesos que permite que la cédula presupuestaria sea ejecutada en los plazos requeridos y mantenga al Hospital operativo.

[ES] El ejercicio profesional del arquitecto como diseñador y escultor del espacio carece de valor si no es capaz de llevar a cabo un correcto desarrollo de la construcción, de tal forma que todas las partes involucradas (promotor, constructor, técnicos... hasta el consumidor final) obtengan un beneficio de la acción de construir, ya sea económico o material. Para ello, es vital un conocimiento integral de los factores económicos, financieros y temporales que intervienen en el proceso. Con esta premisa, este Trabajo Final de Grado se enfoca en el análisis de una situación de mercado concreta, de los posibles costes y beneficios de una promoción en una zona con una prospección económica creciente, para conocer la rentabilidad de la inversión si se llevara a cabo. La conexión con esta parcela y la propuesta de edificarla surge durante unas prácticas laborales en la temporada estival de 2018. El trabajo entonces se quedó estancado, y se aprovecha este TFG para desarrollar el proyecto y averiguar si realmente vale la pena llevarlo adelante. A lo largo del desarrollo del trabajo se llevarán a cabo diversas tareas: La elaboración de planimetrías precisas y detalladas del proyecto y la revisión de ciertas carac-terísticas para asegurar el cumplimiento de toda la normativa exigida y, por tanto, que la construcción del proyecto es íntegramente legal; el estudio del entorno donde se ubica, y por qué es una buena zona para la inversión, así como el estudio de mercado de viviendas y parcelas ubicadas en la zona con similares características. A partir del conocimiento de estos datos, se podrán estudiar los beneficios y gastos derivados del desarrollo y la construcción del proyecto para conocer su potencial y valorar su ejecución. Se realizará una organización temporal de las distintas actividades relacionadas con la promoción y se estudiarán las distintas alternativas de financiación para llevarlo a cabo.Como resultado final, se obtendrá un Estudio de Viabilidad completo, que pe, [EN] An architects profesional excercise as designer and sculptor of the space is worthless when not capable of managing a succesfull development of the construction, in a way that all the related parts (promoter, builder, technicians until the final consumer) obtain a Benefit from the action of building, wether it is a material or an economic Benefit. Therefore, the knowledge related to the economic, financial, and temporal factors that take place along the building process are crucial. With this assumption, this Final Degree Project focuses on the analysis of a determined market situation, and the posible costs and benefits of a promotion in a place with a growing economic situation, in order to know the profitability if the investment was accomplished. The connection with the plot and the determination to build on it are born during several profesional practices that took place on summer of 2018. Back then, the Project became stook, making this FDP the perfect opportunity to discover wether this investment is profitable or not. The development of this essay implies a variety of tasks: the creation of precise and detailed plans for the project, and the checking of certain features, in a way that all the established regulations are respected and the construction of the building is completely legal; the study of the surronudings where it is located, why it is a Good area for the investment, and also a market study about similar villas and plots. Once this information is known , the analysis of costs and benefits resulting of the the development of the building Will be possible, in order to know the potential and evaluate its execution. Afterwards, a temporal organisation of the various activities related to the promotion Will be studied and the various finiancial options Will be evaluated. As a final result, the outcome Will be a full Viability Project that Will allow to evaluate the profitability of a real state investment as the desired one, and control the cash F

[ES] El ejercicio profesional del arquitecto como diseñador y escultor del espacio carece de valor si no es capaz de llevar a cabo un correcto desarrollo de la construcción, de tal forma que todas las partes involucradas (promotor, constructor, técnicos... hasta el consumidor final) obtengan un beneficio de la acción de construir, ya sea económico o material. Para ello, es vital un conocimiento integral de los factores económicos, financieros y temporales que intervienen en el proceso. Con esta premisa, este Trabajo Final de Grado se enfoca en el análisis de una situación de mercado concreta, de los posibles costes y beneficios de una promoción en una zona con una prospección económica creciente, para conocer la rentabilidad de la inversión si se llevara a cabo. La conexión con esta parcela y la propuesta de edificarla surge durante unas prácticas laborales en la temporada estival de 2018. El trabajo entonces se quedó estancado, y se aprovecha este TFG para desarrollar el proyecto y averiguar si realmente vale la pena llevarlo adelante. A lo largo del desarrollo del trabajo se llevarán a cabo diversas tareas: La elaboración de planimetrías precisas y detalladas del proyecto y la revisión de ciertas carac-terísticas para asegurar el cumplimiento de toda la normativa exigida y, por tanto, que la construcción del proyecto es íntegramente legal; el estudio del entorno donde se ubica, y por qué es una buena zona para la inversión, así como el estudio de mercado de viviendas y parcelas ubicadas en la zona con similares características. A partir del conocimiento de estos datos, se podrán estudiar los beneficios y gastos derivados del desarrollo y la construcción del proyecto para conocer su potencial y valorar su ejecución. Se realizará una organización temporal de las distintas actividades relacionadas con la promoción y se estudiarán las distintas alternativas de financiación para llevarlo a cabo.Como resultado final, se obtendrá un Estudio de Viabilidad completo, que pe, [EN] An architects profesional excercise as designer and sculptor of the space is worthless when not capable of managing a succesfull development of the construction, in a way that all the related parts (promoter, builder, technicians until the final consumer) obtain a Benefit from the action of building, wether it is a material or an economic Benefit. Therefore, the knowledge related to the economic, financial, and temporal factors that take place along the building process are crucial. With this assumption, this Final Degree Project focuses on the analysis of a determined market situation, and the posible costs and benefits of a promotion in a place with a growing economic situation, in order to know the profitability if the investment was accomplished. The connection with the plot and the determination to build on it are born during several profesional practices that took place on summer of 2018. Back then, the Project became stook, making this FDP the perfect opportunity to discover wether this investment is profitable or not. The development of this essay implies a variety of tasks: the creation of precise and detailed plans for the project, and the checking of certain features, in a way that all the established regulations are respected and the construction of the building is completely legal; the study of the surronudings where it is located, why it is a Good area for the investment, and also a market study about similar villas and plots. Once this information is known , the analysis of costs and benefits resulting of the the development of the building Will be possible, in order to know the potential and evaluate its execution. Afterwards, a temporal organisation of the various activities related to the promotion Will be studied and the various finiancial options Will be evaluated. As a final result, the outcome Will be a full Viability Project that Will allow to evaluate the profitability of a real state investment as the desired one, and control the cash F

[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la gestión administrativa y económica de una empresa encargada de la planificación de eventos festivos y corporativos. Para ello se analizará el macro y microentorno, en donde se describirán los aspectos esenciales actuales y las posibles perspectivas del sector. Además, conociendo la situación general y específica de la empresa, se elaborará una propuesta de un evento universitario en la Comunidad Valenciana, en donde se da a conocer todas las características organizacionales de la empresa, considerando para ello, los aspectos legales, administrativos y económicos, para así poder evaluar mediante un plan de inversión-financiero, la viabilidad de la ejecución del mismo., [EN] The objective of this work is to analyse the administrative and economic management of a company in charge of planning festive and corporate events. For this purpose, the macro- and micro-environment will be analysed, in which the current essential aspects and possible perspectives of the sector will be described. Furthermore, knowing the general and specific situation of the company, a proposal for a university event in the Valencian community will be elaborated, in which all the organisational characteristics of the company will be made known, considering the legal, administrative and economic aspects, in order to be able to evaluate the viability of its execution by means of an investment-financial plan.

[ES] El ejercicio profesional del arquitecto como diseñador y escultor del espacio carece de valor si no es capaz de llevar a cabo un correcto desarrollo de la construcción, de tal forma que todas las partes involucradas (promotor, constructor, técnicos... hasta el consumidor final) obtengan un beneficio de la acción de construir, ya sea económico o material. Para ello, es vital un conocimiento integral de los factores económicos, financieros y temporales que intervienen en el proceso. Con esta premisa, este Trabajo Final de Grado se enfoca en el análisis de una situación de mercado concreta, de los posibles costes y beneficios de una promoción en una zona con una prospección económica creciente, para conocer la rentabilidad de la inversión si se llevara a cabo. La conexión con esta parcela y la propuesta de edificarla surge durante unas prácticas laborales en la temporada estival de 2018. El trabajo entonces se quedó estancado, y se aprovecha este TFG para desarrollar el proyecto y averiguar si realmente vale la pena llevarlo adelante. A lo largo del desarrollo del trabajo se llevarán a cabo diversas tareas: La elaboración de planimetrías precisas y detalladas del proyecto y la revisión de ciertas carac-terísticas para asegurar el cumplimiento de toda la normativa exigida y, por tanto, que la construcción del proyecto es íntegramente legal; el estudio del entorno donde se ubica, y por qué es una buena zona para la inversión, así como el estudio de mercado de viviendas y parcelas ubicadas en la zona con similares características. A partir del conocimiento de estos datos, se podrán estudiar los beneficios y gastos derivados del desarrollo y la construcción del proyecto para conocer su potencial y valorar su ejecución. Se realizará una organización temporal de las distintas actividades relacionadas con la promoción y se estudiarán las distintas alternativas de financiación para llevarlo a cabo.Como resultado final, se obtendrá un Estudio de Viabilidad completo, que pe, [EN] An architects profesional excercise as designer and sculptor of the space is worthless when not capable of managing a succesfull development of the construction, in a way that all the related parts (promoter, builder, technicians until the final consumer) obtain a Benefit from the action of building, wether it is a material or an economic Benefit. Therefore, the knowledge related to the economic, financial, and temporal factors that take place along the building process are crucial. With this assumption, this Final Degree Project focuses on the analysis of a determined market situation, and the posible costs and benefits of a promotion in a place with a growing economic situation, in order to know the profitability if the investment was accomplished. The connection with the plot and the determination to build on it are born during several profesional practices that took place on summer of 2018. Back then, the Project became stook, making this FDP the perfect opportunity to discover wether this investment is profitable or not. The development of this essay implies a variety of tasks: the creation of precise and detailed plans for the project, and the checking of certain features, in a way that all the established regulations are respected and the construction of the building is completely legal; the study of the surronudings where it is located, why it is a Good area for the investment, and also a market study about similar villas and plots. Once this information is known , the analysis of costs and benefits resulting of the the development of the building Will be possible, in order to know the potential and evaluate its execution. Afterwards, a temporal organisation of the various activities related to the promotion Will be studied and the various finiancial options Will be evaluated. As a final result, the outcome Will be a full Viability Project that Will allow to evaluate the profitability of a real state investment as the desired one, and control the cash F

[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la gestión administrativa y económica de una empresa encargada de la planificación de eventos festivos y corporativos. Para ello se analizará el macro y microentorno, en donde se describirán los aspectos esenciales actuales y las posibles perspectivas del sector. Además, conociendo la situación general y específica de la empresa, se elaborará una propuesta de un evento universitario en la Comunidad Valenciana, en donde se da a conocer todas las características organizacionales de la empresa, considerando para ello, los aspectos legales, administrativos y económicos, para así poder evaluar mediante un plan de inversión-financiero, la viabilidad de la ejecución del mismo., [EN] The objective of this work is to analyse the administrative and economic management of a company in charge of planning festive and corporate events. For this purpose, the macro- and micro-environment will be analysed, in which the current essential aspects and possible perspectives of the sector will be described. Furthermore, knowing the general and specific situation of the company, a proposal for a university event in the Valencian community will be elaborated, in which all the organisational characteristics of the company will be made known, considering the legal, administrative and economic aspects, in order to be able to evaluate the viability of its execution by means of an investment-financial plan.

[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la gestión administrativa y económica de una empresa encargada de la planificación de eventos festivos y corporativos. Para ello se analizará el macro y microentorno, en donde se describirán los aspectos esenciales actuales y las posibles perspectivas del sector. Además, conociendo la situación general y específica de la empresa, se elaborará una propuesta de un evento universitario en la Comunidad Valenciana, en donde se da a conocer todas las características organizacionales de la empresa, considerando para ello, los aspectos legales, administrativos y económicos, para así poder evaluar mediante un plan de inversión-financiero, la viabilidad de la ejecución del mismo., [EN] The objective of this work is to analyse the administrative and economic management of a company in charge of planning festive and corporate events. For this purpose, the macro- and micro-environment will be analysed, in which the current essential aspects and possible perspectives of the sector will be described. Furthermore, knowing the general and specific situation of the company, a proposal for a university event in the Valencian community will be elaborated, in which all the organisational characteristics of the company will be made known, considering the legal, administrative and economic aspects, in order to be able to evaluate the viability of its execution by means of an investment-financial plan.

[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la gestión administrativa y económica de una empresa encargada de la planificación de eventos festivos y corporativos. Para ello se analizará el macro y microentorno, en donde se describirán los aspectos esenciales actuales y las posibles perspectivas del sector. Además, conociendo la situación general y específica de la empresa, se elaborará una propuesta de un evento universitario en la Comunidad Valenciana, en donde se da a conocer todas las características organizacionales de la empresa, considerando para ello, los aspectos legales, administrativos y económicos, para así poder evaluar mediante un plan de inversión-financiero, la viabilidad de la ejecución del mismo., [EN] The objective of this work is to analyse the administrative and economic management of a company in charge of planning festive and corporate events. For this purpose, the macro- and micro-environment will be analysed, in which the current essential aspects and possible perspectives of the sector will be described. Furthermore, knowing the general and specific situation of the company, a proposal for a university event in the Valencian community will be elaborated, in which all the organisational characteristics of the company will be made known, considering the legal, administrative and economic aspects, in order to be able to evaluate the viability of its execution by means of an investment-financial plan.

The present quantitative study based on the review of literature and present management of various sector of Pakistan including the education, health and economy. As coronavirus declared as a global pandemic by WHO, the health Ministry of Pakistan prepared planes in response to coronavirus under the guideline issued by the Global Health Security Agenda. The COVID-19 started from China and spread all our world. After the identification of first case in Pakistan the infection of coronavirus spread in exponential rate and only few days reached in hounds and thousands. The infection curve remained upward at Sep 1, 2020 and became smaller horizontally from Nov 15, 2020 to Jan 15, 2021. The results indicated that COVID-19 infection reduced after the 1st Sep, 2020 due to proper public management by Pakistan. The lockdown polices of Pakistan reduced the social interaction between the public sector. After lockdown, government of Pakistan introduced the smart lock down polices. Representing comparison among the GDP% of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The total expenditure of Pakistan before the outbreak was 9.6% and budget deficit was only -2.3 % in July to Dec 2019. While after the outbreak the budget deficit of Pakistan reached at -8.1% and created an alarming situation in Pakistan due to the disturbance in import and export. But after proper management, Finance Ministry of Pakistan and Revenue Board offered the best budget in the past few years. The budget 2020-2021 schemes improved the total revenue of Pakistan up to 7.4% of the GDP and reduced the expenditure. In spite of coronavirus the GDP of Pakistan significantly improved with respect to last year. This data is based on the budget inauguration by the Finance Ministry of Pakistan. The above mentioned data provides the information about the health resources and trained human resources in Pakistan. The present health resources of Pakistan are not sufficient for the 212.82 million population (30). The above mentioned health res

The present quantitative study based on the review of literature and present management of various sector of Pakistan including the education, health and economy. As coronavirus declared as a global pandemic by WHO, the health Ministry of Pakistan prepared planes in response to coronavirus under the guideline issued by the Global Health Security Agenda. The COVID-19 started from China and spread all our world. After the identification of first case in Pakistan the infection of coronavirus spread in exponential rate and only few days reached in hounds and thousands. The infection curve remained upward at Sep 1, 2020 and became smaller horizontally from Nov 15, 2020 to Jan 15, 2021. The results indicated that COVID-19 infection reduced after the 1st Sep, 2020 due to proper public management by Pakistan. The lockdown polices of Pakistan reduced the social interaction between the public sector. After lockdown, government of Pakistan introduced the smart lock down polices. Representing comparison among the GDP% of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The total expenditure of Pakistan before the outbreak was 9.6% and budget deficit was only -2.3 % in July to Dec 2019. While after the outbreak the budget deficit of Pakistan reached at -8.1% and created an alarming situation in Pakistan due to the disturbance in import and export. But after proper management, Finance Ministry of Pakistan and Revenue Board offered the best budget in the past few years. The budget 2020-2021 schemes improved the total revenue of Pakistan up to 7.4% of the GDP and reduced the expenditure. In spite of coronavirus the GDP of Pakistan significantly improved with respect to last year. This data is based on the budget inauguration by the Finance Ministry of Pakistan. The above mentioned data provides the information about the health resources and trained human resources in Pakistan. The present health resources of Pakistan are not sufficient for the 212.82 million population (30). The above mentioned health res

In next lines it will be broached the management and economic life in religious confraternities during Ancient Regimen from an andalusian case: a representative sample of confraternities in the town of Cordoba, especially ones which were radicated in the parish of San Andres Apostol. For that, it will be deepened in entries and spending of these corporations, offering many details of its life and purposes, concluding demonstrating the existence of an economic management that pursued the highest profitability for each one of these institutions., En las siguientes líneas se aborda la gestión y vida económica de las cofradías del Antiguo Régimen a partir de un ejemplo concreto a nivel andaluz, una muestra representativa de las hermandades de la ciudad de Córdoba, especialmente las radicadas en la parroquia de San Andrés Apóstol. Para ello se profundizará en los ingresos y los gastos de estas corporaciones, dándonos numerosos detalles de su vida y finalidades, para concluir con la existencia de una gestión económica que buscase la mayor rentabilidad para cada una de estas instituciones.

In next lines it will be broached the management and economic life in religious confraternities during Ancient Regimen from an andalusian case: a representative sample of confraternities in the town of Cordoba, especially ones which were radicated in the parish of San Andres Apostol. For that, it will be deepened in entries and spending of these corporations, offering many details of its life and purposes, concluding demonstrating the existence of an economic management that pursued the highest profitability for each one of these institutions., En las siguientes líneas se aborda la gestión y vida económica de las cofradías del Antiguo Régimen a partir de un ejemplo concreto a nivel andaluz, una muestra representativa de las hermandades de la ciudad de Córdoba, especialmente las radicadas en la parroquia de San Andrés Apóstol. Para ello se profundizará en los ingresos y los gastos de estas corporaciones, dándonos numerosos detalles de su vida y finalidades, para concluir con la existencia de una gestión económica que buscase la mayor rentabilidad para cada una de estas instituciones.

The present quantitative study based on the review of literature and present management of various sector of Pakistan including the education, health and economy. As coronavirus declared as a global pandemic by WHO, the health Ministry of Pakistan prepared planes in response to coronavirus under the guideline issued by the Global Health Security Agenda. The COVID-19 started from China and spread all our world. After the identification of first case in Pakistan the infection of coronavirus spread in exponential rate and only few days reached in hounds and thousands. The infection curve remained upward at Sep 1, 2020 and became smaller horizontally from Nov 15, 2020 to Jan 15, 2021. The results indicated that COVID-19 infection reduced after the 1st Sep, 2020 due to proper public management by Pakistan. The lockdown polices of Pakistan reduced the social interaction between the public sector. After lockdown, government of Pakistan introduced the smart lock down polices. Representing comparison among the GDP% of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The total expenditure of Pakistan before the outbreak was 9.6% and budget deficit was only -2.3 % in July to Dec 2019. While after the outbreak the budget deficit of Pakistan reached at -8.1% and created an alarming situation in Pakistan due to the disturbance in import and export. But after proper management, Finance Ministry of Pakistan and Revenue Board offered the best budget in the past few years. The budget 2020-2021 schemes improved the total revenue of Pakistan up to 7.4% of the GDP and reduced the expenditure. In spite of coronavirus the GDP of Pakistan significantly improved with respect to last year. This data is based on the budget inauguration by the Finance Ministry of Pakistan. The above mentioned data provides the information about the health resources and trained human resources in Pakistan. The present health resources of Pakistan are not sufficient for the 212.82 million population (30). The above mentioned health res

The present quantitative study based on the review of literature and present management of various sector of Pakistan including the education, health and economy. As coronavirus declared as a global pandemic by WHO, the health Ministry of Pakistan prepared planes in response to coronavirus under the guideline issued by the Global Health Security Agenda. The COVID-19 started from China and spread all our world. After the identification of first case in Pakistan the infection of coronavirus spread in exponential rate and only few days reached in hounds and thousands. The infection curve remained upward at Sep 1, 2020 and became smaller horizontally from Nov 15, 2020 to Jan 15, 2021. The results indicated that COVID-19 infection reduced after the 1st Sep, 2020 due to proper public management by Pakistan. The lockdown polices of Pakistan reduced the social interaction between the public sector. After lockdown, government of Pakistan introduced the smart lock down polices. Representing comparison among the GDP% of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The total expenditure of Pakistan before the outbreak was 9.6% and budget deficit was only -2.3 % in July to Dec 2019. While after the outbreak the budget deficit of Pakistan reached at -8.1% and created an alarming situation in Pakistan due to the disturbance in import and export. But after proper management, Finance Ministry of Pakistan and Revenue Board offered the best budget in the past few years. The budget 2020-2021 schemes improved the total revenue of Pakistan up to 7.4% of the GDP and reduced the expenditure. In spite of coronavirus the GDP of Pakistan significantly improved with respect to last year. This data is based on the budget inauguration by the Finance Ministry of Pakistan. The above mentioned data provides the information about the health resources and trained human resources in Pakistan. The present health resources of Pakistan are not sufficient for the 212.82 million population (30). The above mentioned health res

The present quantitative study based on the review of literature and present management of various sector of Pakistan including the education, health and economy. As coronavirus declared as a global pandemic by WHO, the health Ministry of Pakistan prepared planes in response to coronavirus under the guideline issued by the Global Health Security Agenda. The COVID-19 started from China and spread all our world. After the identification of first case in Pakistan the infection of coronavirus spread in exponential rate and only few days reached in hounds and thousands. The infection curve remained upward at Sep 1, 2020 and became smaller horizontally from Nov 15, 2020 to Jan 15, 2021. The results indicated that COVID-19 infection reduced after the 1st Sep, 2020 due to proper public management by Pakistan. The lockdown polices of Pakistan reduced the social interaction between the public sector. After lockdown, government of Pakistan introduced the smart lock down polices. Representing comparison among the GDP% of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. The total expenditure of Pakistan before the outbreak was 9.6% and budget deficit was only -2.3 % in July to Dec 2019. While after the outbreak the budget deficit of Pakistan reached at -8.1% and created an alarming situation in Pakistan due to the disturbance in import and export. But after proper management, Finance Ministry of Pakistan and Revenue Board offered the best budget in the past few years. The budget 2020-2021 schemes improved the total revenue of Pakistan up to 7.4% of the GDP and reduced the expenditure. In spite of coronavirus the GDP of Pakistan significantly improved with respect to last year. This data is based on the budget inauguration by the Finance Ministry of Pakistan. The above mentioned data provides the information about the health resources and trained human resources in Pakistan. The present health resources of Pakistan are not sufficient for the 212.82 million population (30). The above mentioned health res

In next lines it will be broached the management and economic life in religious confraternities during Ancient Regimen from an andalusian case: a representative sample of confraternities in the town of Cordoba, especially ones which were radicated in the parish of San Andres Apostol. For that, it will be deepened in entries and spending of these corporations, offering many details of its life and purposes, concluding demonstrating the existence of an economic management that pursued the highest profitability for each one of these institutions., En las siguientes líneas se aborda la gestión y vida económica de las cofradías del Antiguo Régimen a partir de un ejemplo concreto a nivel andaluz, una muestra representativa de las hermandades de la ciudad de Córdoba, especialmente las radicadas en la parroquia de San Andrés Apóstol. Para ello se profundizará en los ingresos y los gastos de estas corporaciones, dándonos numerosos detalles de su vida y finalidades, para concluir con la existencia de una gestión económica que buscase la mayor rentabilidad para cada una de estas instituciones.

Result of a research process that takes place within the framework of inter-institutional academic-research relations between the University of Havana and the University of Pedagogical Sciences Enrique José Varona in the field of Education Economics, addresses a primary concept of this discipline, the economic management, singling out the same to the educational management when considering the analysis of this concept from the perspective of the educational quality and the formation of the economic culture of the schoolchildren in the case of the level of primary education. Its objective is to argue three perspectives of analysis on economic management in primary schools and for this purpose analysis-synthesis, induction - deduction, abstraction - generalization were used as methods. It is based on the analysis of the definition of economic management and contextualizes the educational activity that takes place in primary schools as a reference for the argument of the three dimensions identified; the relationship between them is also relieved. In general, it is concluded that economic management is a process and is the basis for identifying its dimensions of analysis, and arguing a theoretical response to the debate regarding the conception of educational activity as an economic activity, which generates two aggregate values of its processes, educational quality and formation of economic culture in schoolchildren., Este trabalho é o resultado de um processo de pesquisa desenvolvido no âmbito das relações interinstitucionais de caráter acadêmico-pesquisador entre a Universidade de Havana e a Universidade de Ciências Pedagógicas "Enrique José Varona", no campo da Economia da Educação. Aborda um conceito primário desta disciplina, a gestão econômica, tornando a gestão da educação única ao considerar a análise deste conceito desde a perspectiva da qualidade educacional e a formação da cultura econômica das crianças em idade escolar, no caso do nível do ensino fundamental. Seu objetivo é argumentar três perspectivas de análise da gestão econômica nas escolas primárias; para isso, os métodos utilizados são análise-síntese, indução-dedução e abstração-generalização. Parte-se de uma análise da definição de gestão económica e contextualiza-se a atividade educativa desenvolvida nas escolas primárias como referência para o argumento das três dimensões identificadas. Em geral, conclui-se que a gestão econômica é um processo e é a base para identificar suas dimensões de análise e para argumentar uma resposta teórica ao debate sobre a concepção da atividade educacional como atividade econômica que gera dois valores agregados de seus processos: a qualidade da educação e a formação da cultura econômica nos formandos., El trabajo es resultado de un proceso de investigación de formación doctoral en el ámbito de la Economía de la Educación, desde cuyo referente general aborda un concepto primario de esta disciplina: la gestión económica. Su objetivo es argumentar tres perspectivas de análisis sobre el tema en las escuelas primarias: la gestión institucional, la calidad educativa y el proceso de formación de la cultura económica. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, parte del uso de procedimientos como el análisis-síntesis, inducción – deducción, abstracción – generalización, los cuales desde su lógica permiten identificar los aspectos distintivos del objeto de estudio, teniendo como referente contextual las escuelas primarias; el enfoque de sistema sustenta la filosofía general en la determinación del entramado de relaciones atinentes a los nodos cognitivos anteriores. En el trabajo se parte del análisis de la definición de gestión económica y se contextualiza a la actividad educacional que se desarrolla en las escuelas primarias como referente para la argumentación de las tres dimensiones identificadas en el objetivo del trabajo, se releva además la relación entre ellas. Como resultado, se pudo concluir que la gestión económica es un proceso, posición esta que resulta básica para identificar sus dimensiones de análisis, y argumentar una respuesta teórica al debate relativo a la concepción de la actividad educacional como una actividad económica, que genera dos valores agregados de sus procesos, calidad educativa y formación de la cultura económica en los escolares.

The economy is a science that studies the macro and microeconomic behavior of the regions; it serves to assess the economic level of the States, industries and society. Hence, economic- financial management models are mathematical instruments that try to combine with theory to explain the behavior of business development, in this way it could be said that the economy contributes to scientific knowledge, therefore, it is important to know how the experts combine a series of variables that allow them to design an economic-financial management model for small and medium-sized entities (SMEs). The objective of the research is to design a systemic economic- financial management model that contributes to business activities and to the durability of Ecuadorian SMEs based on a system of indicators. The research is based on the materialistic- dialectical method that recognizes the depth of the problems, also, the empirical method is present in order to correct flaws in current economic management and propose a systemic model. Research reveals that the development of peoples and the recovery of the economy are achieved from scientific knowledge and debate., La economía es una ciencia que estudia el comportamiento macro y microeconómico de las regiones; sirve para evaluar el nivel económico de los Estados, industrias y sociedad. De ahí que los modelos de gestión económico-financiera son instrumentos matemáticos que tratan de combinar con la teoría para explicar el comportamiento del desarrollo empresarial, de ese modo podría decirse que la economía aporta al conocimiento científico, por lo que, es importante conocer como los expertos conjugan una serie de variables que les permita diseñar un modelo de gestión económico-financiera para pequeñas y medianas entidades (Pymes). El objetivo de la investigación es diseñar un modelo de gestión económico-financiera sistémico que contribuya a las actividades empresariales y, a la durabilidad de las Pymes ecuatorianas a partir de un sistema de indicadores. La investigación se basa del método materialista-dialéctico que reconoce la profundidad de los problemas, también, está presente el método empírico con la finalidad de corregir fallas en la gestión económica actual y proponer un modelo sistémico. La investigación revela que el desarrollo de los pueblos y la recuperación de la economía se logran desde el conocimiento y el debate científico.

В статье рассматриваются проблемы организации инновационных процессов в строительном комплексе. Предложена современная модель организации инновационной деятельности в строительстве, разработана матрица компетенций, определены зоны ответственности. Предложена формализация системы организации инновационной деятельности в строительном комплексе на основе системы распределенных ячеек (блокчейн). Проанализирован опыт внедрения BIM-технологий в практическую деятельность предприятий строительного комплекса, определена эффективность внедрения.

В статье рассмотрены теоретические основы логистической системы. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам текущего состояния и перспективам развития логистической системы регионов и страны в целом, повышению конкурентоспособности и ускорению интеграции нашей страны в мировое экономическое и информационное пространство. Логистика является одним из видов деятельности, которая при минимальных ресурсах может дать стране с выгодным географическим положением значительные доходы.

When pursuing the goal of accelerating economic development, Russian regions face new challenges that actively impede it. In the Russian conditions, it is difficult to respond to the traditional challenges using epy existing management methods. Moreover, new challenges require the development and application of new methods of regional management. Such methods should be qualitatively new and, at the same time, include accumulated positive management experience. We are interested in this problem because of its urgency for the Russian regional economy and the challenges' complexity. We claim that gaps of rationality when making management decisions are one of the factors hindering the Russian regions' development. We hypothesise that using the additive objective function of regional development will allow determining a combination of economic policy models that actively counteracts the gaps of rationality. Such combination will create conditions for the regional economy's development within the planning horizon. Moreover, it will form prerequisites for the growth of gross regional product (GRP) in periods beyond this horizon. Based on the analysis' results we described the connection between the gaps of rationality of the first, second and third type and three models of economic policy. We characterised the types of the gaps of rationality for each policy model. To overcome the gaps of rationality when making regional management decisions, we have proposed to combine models of economic policies that negate specific gaps. For selecting the optimal combination, we modified an additive objective function. It includes a characteristic of the integral level of regional economic development accumulated over a planning time span. Furthermore, it includes a characteristic of the possibility to obtain an acceptable level of regional economic development beyond this time span. In the framework of the examined planning horizon, we base a combination of economic policy models on t, Рассмотрены методы экономической политики. Определены разрывы рациональности при принятии управленческих решений, препятствующие эффективному внедрению данных методов. Представлен механизм подталкивания для борьбы с разрывами рациональности при совершенствовании управления экономикой региона.

A cost structure is proposed to enhance the supply of utilities to megacities on a regional operating scale. The introduced methodology involves business administration theory and economics and employs the previously introduced equality principle and the EUROPE (Efficient Use of Resources for Optimal Production Economy) model to impose shadow costs on supply losses to induce economic incentives to improve the functionality of megacities. A case study presents the practical application in an Asian context. It is concluded that the introduced methodology makes the megacities more efficient and improve their functionality. Profitability increases, the technology is advanced, and the environment improves when the EUROPE model is applied on activities that involve supply flows at higher policy analysis levels. Application of an introduced key factor encapsulates megacity aspects. The equity of the regional access to facilities is improved. The developed methods support decision-making when managing megacity supply.

В статье предпринята попытка показать эволюцию организационных структур управления - от иерархических и вертикальных - до современных, процессных, гетерархических1, построенных по принципу горизонтальной интеграции и сетей. Особенности современной мировой экономики, базирующейся на интеграции и глобализации, открытости границ и развитии информационных технологий, привели к необходимости построения новых организационных структур, обладающих гибкостью, адаптивностью и способствующих созданию и внедрению инноваций. Целью исследования является анализ изменений в построении организационных структур управления, направленных на обеспечение гибкости и инновационности организаций.

The complicated conditions of the modern economy reduce the effectiveness of traditional instruments for economic regulation. The debt burden of the regions is growing, forcing them to cut spending on medicine and education, thereby, reducing investment in human capital. In these conditions, new economic tools for regional management are neecessary. We propose the investment multiplier as such an instrument. The novelty of the research is the investigation of the impact of the investment multiplier on the regional economy as well as in developing an information model for analyzing the regional investment multiplier. We also have developed a model that allows to assess the relationship between the value of the investment multiplier and the structure of the regional economy. We consider the main directions of the analysis of the regional investment multiplier, allowing assessing its structure, dynamics and factors influencing its value. The model is based on the data of regional statistics. This model allows estimating the relationship between the value of the investment multiplier and the structure of the regional economy. We have made the assessment of this relationship for the Central and Far Eastern Federal Districts. The obtained results allowed to reveal the reserves for the economic development of these regions, as well as certain barriers on the way of this development. We have ranked the economic activities of the region by the strength of their influence on the value of the investment multiplier with a view to further managing this value. Applying the obtained results in managing the regional economy will help to avoid a significant deviation of the actual data from the planned values of the key indicators of the regional economy. Managing the value of the investment multiplier will help counteract the economic recession, initiating growth even in relatively difficult economic conditions. © 2018 Institute of Economics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sc, Рассмотрены основные направления анализа регионального мультипликатора инвестиций, позволяющие оценить его структуру, динамику и факторы, влияющие на его значение. Проведена оценка связи величины мультипликатора инвестиций и структуры экономики региона для Центрального и Дальневосточного федеральных округов.

Previous research has not specified the puzzling occurrence of the low prevalence of natural resource management (NRM) in intrastate peace- and ceasefire agreements. The purpose of this thesis is to address this gap by applying the theoretical perspectives on high natural resource abundance. High natural resource abundance produces conditions for poor economic management, which may serve as a possible explanation of the low prevalence of NRM. The result of the study indicates a negative correlation between high natural resource abundance and an inclusion of NRM in intrastate peace- and ceasefire agreements. Thus, the hypothesis “If a high level of natural resource abundance exits, there is a lower probability of an inclusion of NRM in intrastate peace- and ceasefire agreements” is upheld. Since the assumptions of the theories do appear to hold, the thesis offers findings that further our understanding of the low prevalence of NRM in intrastate peace- and ceasefire agreements.

Problembakgrund Det offentliga Sverige har under åren och på senare tid stått för en rad skandaler med offentliga projekt där kostnaden skenat iväg rejält och skattebetalarna gång på gång får gå in som extra finansiär för att täcka kommuners och landstings misstag. Skandalerna avlöser varandra där projekt blir avsevärt dyrare än budgeterat. Vi blev intresserade av hur de statliga, regionala och kommunala bolagen arbetar i offentliga byggprojekt. Vi började fundera över vilka ekonomiska mål de arbetar efter och hur de hanterar dem. Frågeställning Hur arbetar projektorganisationens ekonomiska befattningar på Trafikverket och Västfastigheter med rutiner och kommunikation i investeringsprojekt för att nå sina uppsatta ekonomiska mål? Syfte Syftet är att studera vilken inverkan samarbetet mellan de ekonomiska befattningarna har på ekonomiska mål i projekt. Metod En fallstudie är ett lämpligt val för vår studie då vi önskar att närmare undersöka hur kommunikationen fungerar mellan de ekonomiska befattningarna samt hur studerade offentliga bolag hanterar sina ekonomiska mål och hur de gör för att uppfylla dessa. Slutsats Trafikverket har fasta rutiner över hur varje del i projektet ska genomföras. Västfastigheter är under förändring då de går från att vara en förvaltningsorganisation till att vara en projektorganisation. Det innebär bland annat att de håller på med att införa rutiner i projektarbetet. Utifrån kommunikationen i studerade bolag kan det konstateras att kommunikation och gemensamma mål betyder väldigt mycket. Utan kommunikation kan inte heller målen kommuniceras och gemensamma mål och en enhetlighet inom organisationen med tydlig styrning blir svårt att uppnå. Slutsatsen kan också dras att projektekonomen har en betydande roll för projektekonomin men hänsyn måste tas till projektets storlek för att se om kostnaden för en projektekonom är värd att investera i jämfört med risken för avvikande kostnader i projektet., Background Public Sweden has over the years and recently faced a series of scandals with public projects where the cost has gone a long way, and taxpayers can be recruited as an additional financier again and again to cover the mistakes of municipalities and county councils. The scandals resolve each other where projects become considerably more expensive than budgeted. We became interested in how the state; regional and municipal companies work in public construction projects. We began to think about the economic goals they work for and how they handle them. Problem How does the project's financial positions work at Trafikverket and Västfastigheter with routines and communication in investment projects to achieve its set economic goals? Purpose The aim is to study the impact of cooperation between the financial positions on financial goals in projects. Method A case study is a suitable choice for our study as we wish to investigate closer communication between the financial positions and how public companies study their financial goals and how they do to fulfill them. Conclusion Trafikverket has fixed procedures on how each part of the project is to be implemented. Västfastigheter is changing as it goes from being a management organization to be a projectorganization. This means, among other things, that they are implementing routines in the project work. Based on the communication in studied companies’ communication and common goals mean very much. Without communication, the goals cannot be communicated and common goals and uniformity within the organization with clear control will be difficult to achieve. The conclusion is that the project economist has a significant role for the project economy, but the size of the project must be considered to see if the cost of a project economist is worth investing in compared with the risk of deviating costs in the project.

Purpose – The goal of this paper is to characterize the economic and financial management (EFM) practices in Mexican micro-enterprises and determine their impact on business performance under the hypothesis that EFM practices focused on achieving the optimal level of liquidity and profitability positively affect the performance of micro-enterprises. Design/methodology/approach – The study applies factor analysis,including both exploratory and confirmatory techniques, as well as linear regression models. Findings – The econometric analysis shows that both economic and financial management are statistically significant in explaining microenterprise performance, although only the effect of the latter is positive, whereas that of the former is negative. Originality/value – The paper’s findings could guide training and microcredit programs focused on micro-enterprise owners in developing countries and help to improve decision-making processes., Objetivo – O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar as práticas de gestão econômico-financeira (economic and financial management, EFM) em microempresas mexicanas e determinar seu impacto no desempenho dos negócios sob a hipótese de que as práticas de EFM focadas em alcançar o nível ideal de liquidez e rentabilidade afetam positivamente o desempenho de microempresas. Metodologia – O estudo aplica a análise fatorial, incluindo técnicas exploratórias e confirmatórias, além de modelos de regressão linear. Resultados – A análise econométrica mostra que tanto a gestão econômica quanto a financeira são estatisticamente significativas na explicação do desempenho de microempresas, embora o efeito deste último seja positivo e o daquele, negativo. Contribuição – As conclusões deste artigo poderiam orientar programas de treinamento e microcrédito voltados a proprietários de microempresas em países em desenvolvimento e ajudar a melhorar os processos de tomada de decisão.

Purpose – The goal of this paper is to characterize the economic and financial management (EFM) practices in Mexican micro-enterprises and determine their impact on business performance under the hypothesis that EFM practices focused on achieving the optimal level of liquidity and profitability positively affect the performance of micro-enterprises. Design/methodology/approach – The study applies factor analysis,including both exploratory and confirmatory techniques, as well as linear regression models. Findings – The econometric analysis shows that both economic and financial management are statistically significant in explaining microenterprise performance, although only the effect of the latter is positive, whereas that of the former is negative. Originality/value – The paper’s findings could guide training and microcredit programs focused on micro-enterprise owners in developing countries and help to improve decision-making processes., Objetivo – O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar as práticas de gestão econômico-financeira (economic and financial management, EFM) em microempresas mexicanas e determinar seu impacto no desempenho dos negócios sob a hipótese de que as práticas de EFM focadas em alcançar o nível ideal de liquidez e rentabilidade afetam positivamente o desempenho de microempresas. Metodologia – O estudo aplica a análise fatorial, incluindo técnicas exploratórias e confirmatórias, além de modelos de regressão linear. Resultados – A análise econométrica mostra que tanto a gestão econômica quanto a financeira são estatisticamente significativas na explicação do desempenho de microempresas, embora o efeito deste último seja positivo e o daquele, negativo. Contribuição – As conclusões deste artigo poderiam orientar programas de treinamento e microcrédito voltados a proprietários de microempresas em países em desenvolvimento e ajudar a melhorar os processos de tomada de decisão.

The Fisheries Management Area of Indonesia-711 (WPPNRI-711) is the fishing ground of small pelagic which is vulnerable to illegal fishing activities. The research aimed (1) to estimate the economic values of small pelagic catch fishery and the economic loss caused by illegal fishing, (2) to formulate the model of marine control in order to improve fishermen welfare and GDP. The primary data were collected by interviewing the fishermen, the ocean guard inspector and the expert using questionnaire from July to November 2016. The secondary data were obtained from the Catch Fisheries of Indonesian Statistics Data. The illegal fishing ship data were obtained from the marine resources and fisheries station, Indonesian Navy, and the Marine Security Guard (Bakamla). The data series of 2005 to 2016 were then analyzed using Bio-economic analysis model (Gordon Schaefer) and Surplus Production Model (Fox) to analyze the economic benefits.The optimum economic exploitation of small pelagic is 5,040 fishing ships efforts, 13,560.30 tons per year productions, and Rp 225,501.54 million economic rent per year. Meanwhile, the value of fishing 3,284.76 tons and Rp 53,798.26 million due to illegal fishing per year. The exploitation rate carried out in small pelagic catch fishery still must be improved to the optimum rate. The result of Importance and Productivity Analysis (IPA) and SWOT Analysis describes that the marine control model which is effective, efficient and sustainable is indispensable, to combat illegal fishing in WPPNRI-711.

The Fisheries Management Area of Indonesia-711 (WPPNRI-711) is the fishing ground of small pelagic which is vulnerable to illegal fishing activities. The research aimed (1) to estimate the economic values of small pelagic catch fishery and the economic loss caused by illegal fishing, (2) to formulate the model of marine control in order to improve fishermen welfare and GDP. The primary data were collected by interviewing the fishermen, the ocean guard inspector and the expert using questionnaire from July to November 2016. The secondary data were obtained from the Catch Fisheries of Indonesian Statistics Data. The illegal fishing ship data were obtained from the marine resources and fisheries station, Indonesian Navy, and the Marine Security Guard (Bakamla). The data series of 2005 to 2016 were then analyzed using Bio-economic analysis model (Gordon Schaefer) and Surplus Production Model (Fox) to analyze the economic benefits.The optimum economic exploitation of small pelagic is 5,040 fishing ships efforts, 13,560.30 tons per year productions, and Rp 225,501.54 million economic rent per year. Meanwhile, the value of fishing 3,284.76 tons and Rp 53,798.26 million due to illegal fishing per year. The exploitation rate carried out in small pelagic catch fishery still must be improved to the optimum rate. The result of Importance and Productivity Analysis (IPA) and SWOT Analysis describes that the marine control model which is effective, efficient and sustainable is indispensable, to combat illegal fishing in WPPNRI-711.

This paper studies the perception that Argentine society has of the business people, and questions the differences between the roles of company managers, based on the understanding that there are asymmetries in the perception that the population has of them, which then is translated to their image and its consequent decoupling with its functions in the productive scheme. The perception of the Government’s role in economic management is also analyzed. Finally, we observe how this confluence of perceptions generates a gap between what society deems right and the role that entrepreneurs should play in order to satisfy the demands that the public itself asks of the economic system., Este trabajo estudia la percepción que sobre los empresarios tiene el resto de la sociedad argentina, e indaga acerca de las diferencias entre los roles de los directivos de empresa, entendiendo que se producen asimetrías en la percepción que la población tiene de ellos, que luego se traslada a la imagen y su consecuente desacople con sus funciones en el esquema productivo. También se analiza la percepción del rol del Estado en la gestión de la economía. Por último, se observa cómo esta confluencia de percepciones genera una brecha entre lo que la sociedad juzga correcto y el rol que los empresarios deberían ocupar para satisfacer las exigencias que el mismo público le pide al sistema económico.

The processing of the contract file requires compliance with requirements not only administrative, but also budgetary, it is two essential paths to complete the file successfully. The first path, which of the administrative file, it leads us to the award and execution of a contract through its corresponding procedures, resolutions and resources. The contracting file is governed by the regulations on contracts and, additionally, by the Law of Administrative Procedure. The parallel path is the economic management of expenditure, whose regulations are constituted in our Autonomous Community, almost uniquely, by the Treasury Law, which requires compliance with the procedures and typical budgetary actions that must be integrated into the file administrative. Because of in practice both types of procedures are consolidated in a single procurement file, this paper analyzes the process that begins when the contracting authority decides to initiate the file and ends with the settlement of the debt contracted with the successful bidder. In the tour, the author intends to highlight the importance of economic management in the processing of the contracting file as well as to warn of some of the effects that the new regulations on administrative contracting can have on the spending procedure, La tramitación del expediente de contratación exige el cumplimiento de unos requisitos no sólo administrativos, sino también presupuestarios. Se trata de dos sendas imprescindibles para culminar el expediente con éxito. El primer camino, el del expediente administrativo, nos conduce a la adjudicación y ejecución de un contrato a través de sus correspondientes trámites, resoluciones y recursos. El expediente de contratación se rige por la normativa en materia de contratos y, supletoriamente, por la Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo. El camino paralelo es el de la gestión económica del gasto, cuya normativa está constituida en nuestra Comunidad Autónoma, casi de manera única, por Ley de la Hacienda, que exige dar cumplimiento a los trámites y actuaciones típicamente presupuestarias que han de integrarse en el expediente administrativo. Partiendo de que en la práctica ambos tipos de trámites se refunden en un solo expediente de contratación, en este trabajo se analiza el proceso que comienza cuando el órgano de contratación decide iniciar el expediente y que finaliza con la liquidación de la deuda que se contrae con el adjudicatario. En el recorrido, se pretende resaltar la importancia que tiene la gestión económica en la tramitación del expediente de contratación así como advertir algunos de los efectos que la nueva normativa en materia de contratación administrativa, la Ley 9/2017, de 8 de noviembre, de Contratos del Sector Público, por la que se transponen al ordenamiento jurídico español las Directivas del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo 2014/23/UE y 2014/24/UE, de 26 de febrero de 2014 puede tener sobre el procedimiento de gasto.

The Fisheries Management Area of Indonesia-711 (WPPNRI-711) is the fishing ground of small pelagic which is vulnerable to illegal fishing activities. The research aimed (1) to estimate the economic values of small pelagic catch fishery and the economic loss caused by illegal fishing, (2) to formulate the model of marine control in order to improve fishermen welfare and GDP. The primary data were collected by interviewing the fishermen, the ocean guard inspector and the expert using questionnaire from July to November 2016. The secondary data were obtained from the Catch Fisheries of Indonesian Statistics Data. The illegal fishing ship data were obtained from the marine resources and fisheries station, Indonesian Navy, and the Marine Security Guard (Bakamla). The data series of 2005 to 2016 were then analyzed using Bio-economic analysis model (Gordon Schaefer) and Surplus Production Model (Fox) to analyze the economic benefits.The optimum economic exploitation of small pelagic is 5,040 fishing ships efforts, 13,560.30 tons per year productions, and Rp 225,501.54 million economic rent per year. Meanwhile, the value of fishing 3,284.76 tons and Rp 53,798.26 million due to illegal fishing per year. The exploitation rate carried out in small pelagic catch fishery still must be improved to the optimum rate. The result of Importance and Productivity Analysis (IPA) and SWOT Analysis describes that the marine control model which is effective, efficient and sustainable is indispensable, to combat illegal fishing in WPPNRI-711.

Previous research has not specified the puzzling occurrence of the low prevalence of natural resource management (NRM) in intrastate peace- and ceasefire agreements. The purpose of this thesis is to address this gap by applying the theoretical perspectives on high natural resource abundance. High natural resource abundance produces conditions for poor economic management, which may serve as a possible explanation of the low prevalence of NRM. The result of the study indicates a negative correlation between high natural resource abundance and an inclusion of NRM in intrastate peace- and ceasefire agreements. Thus, the hypothesis “If a high level of natural resource abundance exits, there is a lower probability of an inclusion of NRM in intrastate peace- and ceasefire agreements” is upheld. Since the assumptions of the theories do appear to hold, the thesis offers findings that further our understanding of the low prevalence of NRM in intrastate peace- and ceasefire agreements.

Problembakgrund Det offentliga Sverige har under åren och på senare tid stått för en rad skandaler med offentliga projekt där kostnaden skenat iväg rejält och skattebetalarna gång på gång får gå in som extra finansiär för att täcka kommuners och landstings misstag. Skandalerna avlöser varandra där projekt blir avsevärt dyrare än budgeterat. Vi blev intresserade av hur de statliga, regionala och kommunala bolagen arbetar i offentliga byggprojekt. Vi började fundera över vilka ekonomiska mål de arbetar efter och hur de hanterar dem. Frågeställning Hur arbetar projektorganisationens ekonomiska befattningar på Trafikverket och Västfastigheter med rutiner och kommunikation i investeringsprojekt för att nå sina uppsatta ekonomiska mål? Syfte Syftet är att studera vilken inverkan samarbetet mellan de ekonomiska befattningarna har på ekonomiska mål i projekt. Metod En fallstudie är ett lämpligt val för vår studie då vi önskar att närmare undersöka hur kommunikationen fungerar mellan de ekonomiska befattningarna samt hur studerade offentliga bolag hanterar sina ekonomiska mål och hur de gör för att uppfylla dessa. Slutsats Trafikverket har fasta rutiner över hur varje del i projektet ska genomföras. Västfastigheter är under förändring då de går från att vara en förvaltningsorganisation till att vara en projektorganisation. Det innebär bland annat att de håller på med att införa rutiner i projektarbetet. Utifrån kommunikationen i studerade bolag kan det konstateras att kommunikation och gemensamma mål betyder väldigt mycket. Utan kommunikation kan inte heller målen kommuniceras och gemensamma mål och en enhetlighet inom organisationen med tydlig styrning blir svårt att uppnå. Slutsatsen kan också dras att projektekonomen har en betydande roll för projektekonomin men hänsyn måste tas till projektets storlek för att se om kostnaden för en projektekonom är värd att investera i jämfört med risken för avvikande kostnader i projektet., Background Public Sweden has over the years and recently faced a series of scandals with public projects where the cost has gone a long way, and taxpayers can be recruited as an additional financier again and again to cover the mistakes of municipalities and county councils. The scandals resolve each other where projects become considerably more expensive than budgeted. We became interested in how the state; regional and municipal companies work in public construction projects. We began to think about the economic goals they work for and how they handle them. Problem How does the project's financial positions work at Trafikverket and Västfastigheter with routines and communication in investment projects to achieve its set economic goals? Purpose The aim is to study the impact of cooperation between the financial positions on financial goals in projects. Method A case study is a suitable choice for our study as we wish to investigate closer communication between the financial positions and how public companies study their financial goals and how they do to fulfill them. Conclusion Trafikverket has fixed procedures on how each part of the project is to be implemented. Västfastigheter is changing as it goes from being a management organization to be a projectorganization. This means, among other things, that they are implementing routines in the project work. Based on the communication in studied companies’ communication and common goals mean very much. Without communication, the goals cannot be communicated and common goals and uniformity within the organization with clear control will be difficult to achieve. The conclusion is that the project economist has a significant role for the project economy, but the size of the project must be considered to see if the cost of a project economist is worth investing in compared with the risk of deviating costs in the project.

The article examines the economic management of intellectual property innovation project. The system of economic management of intellectual property within the framework of the innovative project is presented as a coherent implementation of the three management phases throughout the project life cycle., В статье рассматриваются вопросы экономического управления интеллектуальной собственностью инновационного проекта. Система экономического управления интеллектуальной собственностью в рамках реализации инновационного проекта представляется как последовательная реализация трёх этапов управления на протяжении жизненного цикла проекта.

Методические указания разработаны в соответствии с образовательным стандартом, действующими учебными планами, утвержденными Министерством образования Республики Беларусь для студентов специальности 1-74 05 01 «Мелиорация и водное хозяйство» и содержат теоретические аспекты менеджмента и маркетинга, задания для практических работ.

In recent years, the interest on studies dedicated to the Queen’s Households has increased. The majority of these papers focus on the patronage networks around her. As a consequence, still little is known about the Queen’s finances and who was involved on them. This paper aims to shed some light on how was Queen Isabel of Borbon’s Household funded through exploring the major role played by the bankers. It demonstrates that, despite of the introduction of Portuguese bankers in the Royal finances in the 1620s, the Genoese nobility was still the principal group supporting Isabel of Bourbon’s Household until her death. In fact, they used their proximity to the Royal family to empower their successful career., En los últimos años, el interés por el estudio de los servidores de las Casas de las reinas se ha incrementado. La mayoría de estos trabajos se han centrado en las redes clientelares configuradas a su alrededor. Como resultado, poco sabemos acerca de la financiación de la Casa de la Reina, y de quiénes intervenían en la misma. Nuestro objetivo consiste en llenar parte de este vacío incidiendo en el papel que desempeñaron los asentistas. Este análisis nos permitirá demostrar que, pese a la introducción de los asentistas portugueses en las finanzas de la Corona a partir de la década de 1620, los genoveses siguieron siendo el grupo principal en el sostenimiento económico de la Casa de Isabel de Borbón. Además, usarán su proximidad a la familia real como instrumento para reforzar su exitosa trayectoria.