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On April 28, 2016, the Lomonosov satellite, equipped with a number of scientific instruments, was launched into orbit. Here we present briefly some of the results obtained with the first orbital telescope of extreme energy cosmic rays TUS and by a group of detectors aimed at multi-messenger observations of gamma-ray bursts., Comment: XXV ECRS 2016 Proceedings - eConf C16-09-04.3

TUS (Track Ultraviolet Setup) is the first space experiment aimed to check the possibility of registering extreme energy cosmic rays (EECRs) at E>50 EeV by measuring the fluorescence signal of extensive air showers in the atmosphere. The detector operates as a part of the scientific payload of the Lomonosov satellite for more than a year. We describe an algorithm of searching for EECR events in the TUS data and briefly discuss a number of candidates selected by formal criteria., Comment: 13 pages

TUS (Tracking Ultraviolet Set-up), the first orbital detector of extreme energy cosmic rays (EECRs), those with energies above 50 EeV, was launched into orbit on April 28, 2016, as a part of the Lomonosov satellite scientific payload. The main aim of the mission is to test a technique of registering fluorescent and Cherenkov radiation of extensive air showers generated by EECRs in the atmosphere with a space telescope. We present preliminary results of its operation in a mode dedicated to registering extensive air showers in the period from August 16, 2016, to November 4, 2016. No EECRs have been conclusively identified in the data yet, but the diversity of ultraviolet emission in the atmosphere was found to be unexpectedly rich. We discuss typical examples of data obtained with TUS and their possible origin. The data is important for obtaining more accurate estimates of the nocturnal ultraviolet glow of the atmosphere, necessary for successful development of more advanced orbital EECR detectors including those of the KLYPVE (K-EUSO) and JEM-EUSO missions., Comment: 18 pages; v2: references fixed; v3: minor changes to address referee's comments

TUS (Track Ultraviolet Setup) is the first space experiment aimed to check the possibility of registering extreme energy cosmic rays (EECRs) at E>50 EeV by measuring the fluorescence signal of extensive air showers in the atmosphere. The detector operates as a part of the scientific payload of the Lomonosov satellite for more than a year. We describe an algorithm of searching for EECR events in the TUS data and briefly discuss a number of candidates selected by formal criteria., Comment: 13 pages

TUS (Tracking Ultraviolet Set-up), the first orbital detector of extreme energy cosmic rays (EECRs), those with energies above 50 EeV, was launched into orbit on April 28, 2016, as a part of the Lomonosov satellite scientific payload. The main aim of the mission is to test a technique of registering fluorescent and Cherenkov radiation of extensive air showers generated by EECRs in the atmosphere with a space telescope. We present preliminary results of its operation in a mode dedicated to registering extensive air showers in the period from August 16, 2016, to November 4, 2016. No EECRs have been conclusively identified in the data yet, but the diversity of ultraviolet emission in the atmosphere was found to be unexpectedly rich. We discuss typical examples of data obtained with TUS and their possible origin. The data is important for obtaining more accurate estimates of the nocturnal ultraviolet glow of the atmosphere, necessary for successful development of more advanced orbital EECR detectors including those of the KLYPVE (K-EUSO) and JEM-EUSO missions., Comment: 18 pages; v2: references fixed; v3: minor changes to address referee's comments

On April 28, 2016, the Lomonosov satellite, equipped with a number of scientific instruments, was launched into orbit. Here we present briefly some of the results obtained with the first orbital telescope of extreme energy cosmic rays TUS and by a group of detectors aimed at multi-messenger observations of gamma-ray bursts., Comment: XXV ECRS 2016 Proceedings - eConf C16-09-04.3

Thermal shock and pre-sprouting increase the initial development of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants, allowing for earlier harvests. Growing early potatoes without pre-sprouting is not economically viable under Nordic climatic conditions. The aim of this research was to determine how seed tuber pre-planting treatments (untreated, thermal shock and pre-sprouting) influence time to emergence, mean tuber weight, the number of tubers per plant, and yield (including yield dynamics). The main findings of this work were that thermal shock shortened the time to emergence by 2-5 days, while pre-sprouting shortened it by 7-12 days. In addition, thermal shock significantly increased the number of tubers produced, although their mean weight was lower than that of the tubers produced by the pre-sprouted plants. The presprouted tubers provided a very early harvest of large tubers; the harvest time for the thermal shock-treated tubers was a little later. The untreated seed tubers were the last to produce harvestable plants.

Thermal shock and pre-sprouting increase the initial development of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants, allowing for earlier harvests. Growing early potatoes without pre-sprouting is not economically viable under Nordic climatic conditions. The aim of this research was to determine how seed tuber pre-planting treatments (untreated, thermal shock and pre-sprouting) influence time to emergence, mean tuber weight, the number of tubers per plant, and yield (including yield dynamics). The main findings of this work were that thermal shock shortened the time to emergence by 2-5 days, while pre-sprouting shortened it by 7-12 days. In addition, thermal shock significantly increased the number of tubers produced, although their mean weight was lower than that of the tubers produced by the pre-sprouted plants. The presprouted tubers provided a very early harvest of large tubers; the harvest time for the thermal shock-treated tubers was a little later. The untreated seed tubers were the last to produce harvestable plants.

FIELD: power engineering.SUBSTANCE: heat exchanger comprises pipes with spiral-ring fins. The fins are provided with longitudinal slots. The pipes in the heat exchanger are arranged vertically.EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.3 dwg., Изобретение предназначено для применения в энергетических и отопительных котлах, сжигающих газообразное топливо. Теплообменник для охлаждения парогазовой смеси состоит из труб со спирально-кольцевыми ребрами, причем вдоль оси труб во всех ребрах выполнены продольные прорези, а трубы в теплообменнике расположены вертикально. Заявленное изобретение позволяет получить дополнительную теплоту при глубоком охлаждении продуктов сгорания природного газа за счет конденсации содержащегося в них водяного пара, получить обессоленную воду из продуктов сгорания (около 1 литра на 1 м3 сожженного газа), которая после деаэрации может быть использована для питания паровых котлов или других целей, получить водяной пар, остающийся в продуктах сгорания, находящийся в перегретом (не насыщенном) состоянии, что исключает его конденсацию на внутренних поверхностях теплоизолированных газоходов и дымовых труб. 5 ил.

The present article describes the practical methods of solution to Molodenskiy's problem. The solution uses the integral equation for the density of a single layer and the corresponding formulas for the heights of the quasigeoid and the deflections of the vertical. (Author), Trans. from Tsentralnyi Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Institut Geodezii, Aerosemki i Kartografii. Trudy (USSR) 11p 1971, by John M. Willis.

A method of simultaneous adjustment of geodetic coordinates and quasigeoid heights is described. It is proposed to alternate the preliminary adjustment of the individual triangulation links with the calculation of quasiqeoid heights at the astronomic net stations by means of Molodenskiy's formula for astrogravimetric leveling. (Author), Trans. of Tsentralnyi Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Institut Geodezii, Aerosemki i Kartografii. Sbornik (USSR) n176 p59-67 1969, by John M. Willis.

The boundary condition for the disturbing potential used in the theory of the earth's figure may be set up for the surface to be determined, and need not be referred to the sphere or ellipsoid in the case of determining a regularized geoid, nor to the surface which is obtained by plotting only normal heights from the reference surface when studying the earth's surface and its exterior gravity field. Errors arising from integration on an unknown surface do not exceed the products T zeta/R or TO, where zeta is the quasigeoidal or geoidal height, R is the earth's radius, and O is the plumbline deflection. The above errors are evaluated in more detail in the case of Molodenskiy's solution to determine the figure of the regularized geoid with a relative error on the order of the square of the earth's flattening. No need arises to determine the vertical gravity gradient. (Author), Trans. of Tsentralnyi Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Institut Geodezii, Aerosemki i Kartografii. Trudy (USSR) n176 p9-14 1969, by John M. Willis.

A method of successive approximations is described for numerical solution of Molodenskiy's integral equation for the density of a simple layer on the earth's physical surface. The layer density in the first approximation is defined by formula. The corresponding approximations of the quasigeoid height and plumbline deflections are given in formulas. Further approximations of the density and of the mentioned values are derived from formulas. In the first approximation, Molodenskiy's formulas for the numerical solution of the equation can be obtained without using the auxiliary x function. By so doing, one of Brovar's corrections becomes unnecessary in the solution with relative error on the order of the earth's flattening. (Author), Trans. of Tsentralnyi Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Institut Geodezii, Aerosemki i Kartografii. Trudy (USSR) n176 p15-23 1969, by John M. Willis.

Molodenskiy's integral formulas for radial and lengthwise displacements in the preliminary calculation of a triangulation by the method of development, as compared with their variant given in the monograph by Molodenskiy and others, are refined by recognizing that the angle between the normals to the quasigeoid and reference ellipsoid differs from the plumbline deflection on the physical surface of the earth., Trans. of Tsentralnyi Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Institut Geodezii, Aerosemki i Kartografii. Trudy (USSR) n176 p54-58 1969, by John M. Willis.

Contents: Method of joint processing gravimetric and geodetic data for the study of the earth's gravitational field and its figure, by M. S. Molodenskiy; The theory of orthometric, dynamic and normal heights, by V. F. Yeremeyev; On the question concerning the derivation of errors of representation and interpolation, by A. L. Bayborodin; Investigation of the plumb-line deviations and derivation of the quasigeoidal figure in the caucasus, by L. P. Pellinen., Issledovaniya po Geodezicheskoi Gravimetrii, trans. of Tsentralnyi Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Institut Geodezii, Aerosemki i Kartografii. Trudy (USSR) v86 96p 1951.

It is demonstrated that the method proposed by I. F. Monin (Astronomicheskiy zhurnal (Astronomical Journal). 1963, XL, No. 1, pp. 179-183) is not applicable to practical use. It is further shown that the first and the second methods of Molodensky (Trudy TsNIIGAiK (Transactions of the Central Scientific-Research Institute of Geodesy, Aerial Surveying, and Cartography), 1949, issue 68, 5-11, and 1960, issue 131) of numerical solution of his integral equation for density of a single layer substituted for the attraction of anomalous masses in the interior of the Earth promptly lead to a higher accuracy than that of the Stokes' theory applied to the real Earth. The results of calculations carried out (Trudy TsNIIGAiK, 1950, issue 75, 11-77, and 1954, issue 103, 65-117) by Yeremeyev and Yurkina in accordance with the first of these methods are also much more accurate as compared with the Stokes' approximation, and are in fact near the correct values. (Author), Zamechaniya po Povodu Kratkogo Soobshcheniya I. F. Monina o Vychislenii Uklonenii Otvesa, trans. of Tsentralnyi Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Institut Geodezii, Aerosemki i Kartografii. Trudy (USSR) v157 p135-8 1965.

Formulas for calculating normal heights, normal heights differences and theoretical closing-errors of pirit-levelling polygons have been obtained, which formulas may ensure an accuracy of the order of a millimeter in mountainous regions. Methods are proposed for computing the heights of points located in the interior of the Earth. It is shown that the Vignal's system of heights was obtained irrespectively of the problem of determining the total height of points on the physical surface of the Earth above the reference ellipsoid. Vignal's heights system is not identical with the system of mormal heights. In spite of the widely-spread opinion, the method of height determination proposed by Rune is not identical with that of normal heights determination. The results of computations according to Rune's formulas depend on the path of the levelling line. Some inaccuracies in articles by Bokun and Chojnicki are mentioned. (Author), K Voprosu ob Opredelenii Normalnykh Vysot, trans. of Tsentral'nyi Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut Geodezii, Aeros''emki i Kartografii. Trudy (USSR) v157 p69-84 1965.