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1,238 results on '"Farag, A"'

1. An integrated approach for landfill leachate treatment using plasma/UV pre-treatment and indigenous green microalgae

Author: Farag, Aya, Zimmerman, William, and Gilmour, Jim
Abstract: An increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) production is usually the inevitable result of a continuously growing population. Landfilling is the most applied method worldwide to deal with the produced MSW. However, one major drawback of landfilling is the production of a complex, toxic and hazardous type of wastewater which is landfill leachate (LL). Various methods for LL treatment exist which can mainly be divided into biological and physical-chemical methods, however integrating both approaches result in more effective treatment. In this study, soil samples (with leachate runoff) from a landfill leachate treatment site in Chesterfield, UK are collected. Indigenous microalgal strains from the samples are isolated, purified and genetically identified using five different primers which allowed the sequencing of most of the rDNA (18S, 5.8S, ITS1 & ITS2 regions). The identified sequences are submitted to the NCBI GenBank and given accession numbers, identification revealed a community of four green microalgae namely two strains of Chlorella vulgaris, one strain of Chlorococcum species and one strain of Scotiellopsis reticulata. The threshold concentration of LL tolerated by the four green microalgae after dilution with distilled water (v/v) is tested by growing them separately in different LL concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%). The two strains of Chlorella vulgaris were the only strains capable of showing a significant growth increase (p<0.05) in the challenging concentration of 20% LL (v/v) which is usually inhibitory to other algal strains. Hence, concentration 20% LL is chosen as a platform for the following screening experiment to test the most potent strain/s in growth and biotreatment of LL. One replicate of one of the strains of Chlorella vulgaris (C.V.M*) (CCAP 211/141) started showing an outstanding growth at the end of a 30-day experiment with a significant ammonia removal (p<0.05). To confirm these findings, the two replicates of Chlorella vulgaris (C.V.M* and C.V.N) are further tested in 20% LL (supplemented with phosphate) in a 30-day experiment. A dramatic increase in the growth of C.V.M* by 19-fold over its peer C.V.N with a 75% ammonia removal (starting from concentration 290.73 mg/L) are observed. This percentage is further improved when implementing plasma technology (with fluidic oscillator incorporated) as a pre-treatment step. The plasma pre-treatment induced LL colour change after three hours (from dark-brown to yellow) and reduced ammonia-N concentration by 1.9-fold. Strain C.V.M* showed the highest growth in 20% LL pre-treated by plasma compared to the untreated LL, with a final biomass yield of 0.38 g/L, a total increase in the total ammonia-N removal (79%) and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the pH value from 8.6 to 6.67 at the end of the experiment. Whole genome sequencing for both strains revealed differences in genotypes of 15169 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci and 2046 insertion-deletion (indel) loci. This in turn might indicate the possibility of a developed mutation or sexual reproduction that might have increased the ability of strain C.V.M* (CCAP 211/141 ) to tolerate harsher conditions and higher ammonia-N concentrations in 20% diluted LL. This might pave the way for a possible powerful candidate in LL treatment using a highly tolerant algal strain which when coupled with plasma pre-treatment might provide a possibly effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable LL treatment approach.
Published: 2022

2. Evaluation of the anticancer and anti-inflammatory potential of the brown seaweed Cystoseira

Author: Mansur, Ahmad A. Farag
Subjects: Anticancer, Anti-inflammatory, Brown Seaweed, Cystoseira, Seasonal variation
Abstract: Cystoseira is abundant in bioactive chemicals that have been emphasized for their pharmacological value as plentiful and typically safe alternatives, offering a viable technique for treating cancer and inflammatory diseases. However, evaluating the effect of seasonality and extraction methods on Cystoseira chemical composition and cytotoxicity activity are still not thoroughly investigated. This study investigates the effect of seasonal variations and extraction methods of the Cystoseira extracts on the chemical composition and cytotoxicity activity on human cancer cell lines. C. tamariscifolia, C. crinita and C. compressa, were collected from the UK and Libya and colourimetric techniques were used to measure the chemical components. The cell vitality was measured in vitro using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Trypan Blue (TB) assays. The results showed that both chemical composition and anticancer activity were subject to the seasonality and extraction method. The study also confirmed that the three Cystoseira spices demonstrated potent anticancer activity against human leukaemia HL60 and THP-1, prostate PC3 and lymphoma REC-1 cancer cell lines. In an effort to investigate the anti-proinflammatory activities of Cystoseira extracts, human macrophage-like cells were exposed to the crude extracts and fractions and the release of TNF-α and IL-1β was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results reveal that the methanol extract of C. tamariscifolia and C. crinita extracts significantly inhibited the release of TNF-α and IL-1β. C. crinita methanolic extract was partitioned using HPLC, and the fractions were tested for their anti-TNF-α release effect. The result showed that the sup-fraction C1c from C. crinita had a significant anti-proinflammatory effect and the LC-MS analysis of the fraction showed that it contains fatty acids and mannitol. These data suggest that sampling times and extraction methods should be considered to maximise the possibility of finding novel bioactive compounds in Cystoseira. The study also suggests that C. crinita is a valuable source of anti-inflammatory agents. This should provide helpful information for medicinal chemists in their attempts to develop anticancer and immunomodulatory agents. However, more research on this topic is needed to understand Cystoseira bioactive compounds mechanisms of action.
Published: 2022

3. Neural approaches to discourse coherence : modeling, evaluation and application

Author: Farag, Youmna and Briscoe, Ted
Subjects: Discourse Coherence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, AI, Natural Language Processing
Abstract: Discourse coherence is an important aspect of text quality that refers to the way different textual units relate to each other. In this thesis, I investigate neural approaches to modeling discourse coherence. I present a multi-task neural network where the main task is to predict a document-level coherence score and the secondary task is to learn word-level syntactic features. Additionally, I examine the effect of using contextualised word representations in single-task and multi-task setups. I evaluate my models on a synthetic dataset where incoherent documents are created by shuffling the sentence order in coherent original documents. The results show the efficacy of my multi-task learning approach, particularly when enhanced with contextualised embeddings, achieving new state-of-the-art results in ranking the coherent documents higher than the incoherent ones (96.9%). Furthermore, I apply my approach to the realistic domain of people’s everyday writing, such as emails and online posts, and further demonstrate its ability to capture various degrees of coherence. In order to further investigate the linguistic properties captured by coherence models, I create two datasets that exhibit syntactic and semantic alterations. Evaluating different models on these datasets reveals their ability to capture syntactic perturbations but their inadequacy to detect semantic changes. I find that semantic alterations are instead captured by models that first build sentence representations from averaged word embeddings, then apply a set of linear transformations over input sentence pairs. Finally, I present an application for coherence models in the pedagogical domain. I first demonstrate that state of-the-art neural approaches to automated essay scoring (AES) are not robust to adversarially created, grammatical, but incoherent sequences of sentences. Accordingly, I propose a framework for integrating and jointly training a coherence model with a state-of-the-art neural AES system in order to enhance its ability to detect such adversarial input. I show that this joint framework maintains a performance comparable to the state-of-the-art AES system in predicting a holistic essay score while significantly outperforming it in adversarial detection.
Published: 2020
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4. The role of social supports and copying strategies in mediating the impact of civil war on Libyan children's mental health

Author: Farag, Ahmad A. H.
Subjects: 362.2, Civil War, Libya, Children's Mental Health, Social Supports
Abstract: Background: The vast majority of evidence is based on the high rates of mental health problems among refugee children and the risk factors involved; there is less evidence with regard to internally displaced and protective factors, particularly when simultaneously considering both individual and environmental factors. Aims: The study sought to investigate: 1. the association between exposure to civil war trauma and mental health problems among displaced parents and children; and 2. whether coping strategies and perceived social support moderated this association. Method: One hundred internally displaced children in Libya aged between 9 and 15 years and the same number of parents participated in the study, who completed measures of mental health problems (children: CRIES-8 and SDQ; parents: IES-22 and GHQ-12). Furthermore, the Gaza Traumatic Event Checklist, Coping Strategies and Perceived Social Support from Family and Peers questionnaires were completed by both parents and children. The research hypotheses were tested via multiple regression models. All questionnaires were subsequently subjected to exploratory factor analysis (EFA), following which the multiple regression testing was repeated according to the revised subscales. Results: Internally displaced parents and their children reported high rates of post-traumatic stress and mental health problems, which were significantly associated with exposure to trauma. This association was moderated by parents using support-seeking and children using problem-solving strategies. Although several revised subscales emerged from the EFA, these did not alter the key findings of the regression models. Conclusions: War conflict and resulting displacements have adverse effects on parents' and children's mental health. Libyan families appeared to rely on their own coping strategies rather than on support systems, which indicates that they were not reintegrated in their host communities. The findings have implications for policy, service provision and practice. Preventive and responsive interventions should be multi-modal and implemented throughout the course of families' displacement.
Published: 2020
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5. Gilteritinib as Post-Transplant Maintenance for Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Internal Tandem Duplication Mutation of FLT3

Author: Levis, M, Hamadani, M, Logan, B, Jones, R, Singh, A, Litzow, M, Wingard, J, Papadopoulos, E, Perl, A, Soiffer, R, Ustun, C, Ueda Oshima, M, Uy, G, Waller, E, Vasu, S, Solh, M, Mishra, A, Muffly, L, Kim, H, Mikesch, J, Najima, Y, Onozawa, M, Thomson, K, Nagler, A, Wei, A, Marcucci, G, Geller, N, Hasabou, N, Delgado, D, Rosales, M, Hill, J, Gill, S, Nuthethi, R, King, D, Wittsack, H, Mendizabal, A, Devine, S, Horowitz, M, Chen, Y, Agura, E, Altman, J, Anagnostopoulos, A, Anand, S, Artz, A, Aulitzky, W, Balderman, S, Ballen, K, Becker, M, Beguin, Y, Berkahn, L, Berneman, Z, Bhatt, V, Bilmon, I, Bonifazi, F, Briggs, A, Bruno, B, Brunstein, C, Byrne, M, Byrne, J, Cabrero, M, Cairoli, R, Carrum, G, Cerny, J, Cheong, J, Ciceri, F, Colorado, M, Cook, R, Couriel, D, Craddock, C, Damon, L, Deol, A, Desbrosses, Y, Di Grazia, C, Di Stasi, A, Dias, A, Dorritie, K, Essell, J, Eto, T, Farag, S, Forcade, E, Frankfurt, O, Fujiwara, S, Fukuda, T, Fukushima, K, Furst, S, Goto, T, Hall, A, Hatta, S, Hicheri, Y, Horwitz, M, Hou, H, How, J, Howard, D, Hsu, W, Huynh, A, Irvine, D, Ishikawa, T, Jamieson, K, Jedrzejczak, W, Jethava, Y, Jimenez, A, Jung, C, Kanda, J, Karakasis, D, Kato, J, Kekre, N, Khera, N, Klein, A, Kobbe, G, Kornblit, B, Kota, V, Lachance, S, Leber, B, Lee, C, Lee, J, Lin, T, Liu, T, Martelli, M, Martinez, C, Matsuoka, K, Mccarty, J, Mendez, L, Michelis, F, Mineishi, S, Mohty, M, Moors, I, Motyckova, G, Mueller, L, Nakamae, H, Nakano, N, Nathan, S, Nicholson, E, Norkin, M, Ogawa, Y, Olesen, G, Oluwole, O, Pantin, J, Paulson, K, Pemberton, L, Perera, T, Piatkowska-Jakubas, B, Poire, X, Protheroe, R, Rambaldi, A, Ritchie, D, Ross, K, Rubio, M, Santarone, S, Sanz Caballer, J, Sawa, M, Schaar, D, Scheid, C, Schriber, J, Seropian, S, Shah, N, Shore, T, Gil, J, Sobecks, R, Socie, G, Sprague, K, Spyridonidis, A, Stelljes, M, Stiff, P, Stuart, R, Tanaka, M, Tandra, A, Tholouli, E, Thomas, X, Tiribelli, M, Tomlinson, B, Tsirigotis, P, Tzachanis, D, Uchida, N, Ueda, M, Valcarcel Ferreiras, D, Wagner, E, Watson, A, Weisdorf, D, Wolschke, C, Wrobel, T, Yakoub-Agha, I, Yamauchi, T, Yared, J, Yeh, S, Yoon, S, Yoshihara, S, Null, N, Levis, Mark J., Hamadani, Mehdi, Logan, Brent, Jones, Richard J., Singh, Anurag K., Litzow, Mark, Wingard, John R., Papadopoulos, Esperanza B., Perl, Alexander E., Soiffer, Robert J., Ustun, Celalettin, Ueda Oshima, Masumi, Uy, Geoffrey L., Waller, Edmund K., Vasu, Sumithra, Solh, Melhem, Mishra, Asmita, Muffly, Lori, Kim, Hee-Je, Mikesch, Jan-Henrik, Najima, Yuho, Onozawa, Masahiro, Thomson, Kirsty, Nagler, Arnon, Wei, Andrew H., Marcucci, Guido, Geller, Nancy L., Hasabou, Nahla, Delgado, David, Rosales, Matt, Hill, Jason, Gill, Stanley C., Nuthethi, Rishita, King, Denise, Wittsack, Heather, Mendizabal, Adam, Devine, Steven M., Horowitz, Mary M., Chen, Yi-Bin, Agura, Ed, Altman, Jessica, Anagnostopoulos, Achiles, Anand, Sarah, Artz, Andrew, Aulitzky, Walter, Balderman, Sophia, Ballen, Karen, Becker, Michael, Beguin, Yves, Berkahn, Leanne, Berneman, Zwi, Bhatt, Vijaya, Bilmon, Ian, Bonifazi, Francesca, Briggs, Adrienne, Bruno, Benedetto, Brunstein, Claudio, Byrne, Michael, Byrne, Jenny, Cabrero, Monica, Cairoli, Roberto, Carrum, George, Cerny, Jan, Cheong, June-Won, Ciceri, Fabio, Colorado, Mercedes, Cook, Rachel, Couriel, Daniel, Craddock, Charles, Damon, Lloyd, Deol, Abhinav, Desbrosses, Yohan, Devine, Steve, Di Grazia, Carmela, Di Stasi, Antonio, Dias, Ajoy, Dorritie, Kathy, Essell, James, Eto, Tetsuya, Farag, Sherif, Forcade, Edouard, Frankfurt, Olga, Fujiwara, Shinichiro, Fukuda, Takahiro, Fukushima, Kentaro, Furst, Sabine, Goto, Tatsunori, Hall, Aric, Hatta, Shunsuke, Hicheri, Yosr, Horwitz, Mitchell, Hou, Hsin-An, How, Jonathan, Howard, Dianna, Hsu, Wei-Hsun (Blake), Huynh, Anne, Irvine, David, Ishikawa, Takayuki, Jamieson, Katarzyna, Jedrzejczak, Wieslaw, Jethava, Yogesh, Jimenez, Antonio, Jung, Chul Won, Kanda, Junya, Karakasis, Dimitrios, Kato, Jun, Kekre, Natasha, Khera, Nandita, Klein, Andreas, Kobbe, Guido, Kornblit, Brian, Kota, Vamsi, Lachance, Silvy, Leber, Brian, Lee, Catherine, Lee, Je Hwan, Lin, Tung-Liang, Liu, Ta-Chih, Martelli, Maurizio, Martinez, Carmen, Matsuoka, Kenichi, McCarty, John, Mendez, Lourdes, Michelis, Fotios, Mineishi, Shin, Mohty, Mohamad, Moors, Ine, Motyckova, Gabriela, Mueller, Lutz, Nakamae, Hirohisa, Nakano, Nobuaki, Nathan, Sunita, Nicholson, Emma, Norkin, Maxim, Ogawa, Yoshiaki, Olesen, Gitte, Oluwole, Olalekan, Pantin, Jeremy, Paulson, Kristjan, Pemberton, Lucy, Perera, Travis, Piatkowska-Jakubas, Beata, Poire, Xavier, Protheroe, Rachel, Rambaldi, Alessandro, Ritchie, David, Ross, Kelly, Rubio, Marie-Therese, Santarone, Stella, Sanz Caballer, Jaime, Sawa, Masashi, Schaar, Dale, Scheid, Christoph, Schriber, Jeffrey, Seropian, Stuart, Shah, Nilay, Shah, Nirav, Shore, Tsiporah, Gil, Jorge Sierra, Singh, Anurag, Sobecks, Ronald, Socie, Gerard, Soiffer, Robert, Sprague, Kellie, Spyridonidis, Alexandros, Stelljes, Matthias, Stiff, Patrick, Stuart, Robert, Tanaka, Masatsugu, Tandra, Anand, Tholouli, Eleni, Thomas, Xavier, Tiribelli, Mario, Tomlinson, Benjamin, Tsirigotis, Panagiotis, Tzachanis, Dimitrios, Uchida, Naoyuki, Ueda, Masumi, Valcarcel Ferreiras, David, Wagner, Eva, Watson, Anne-Marie, Weisdorf, Daniel, Wolschke, Christine, Wrobel, Tomasz, Yakoub-Agha, Ibrahim, Yamauchi, Takuji, Yared, Jean, Yeh, Su-Peng, Yoon, Sung-Soo, Yoshihara, Satoshi, null, null, Levis, M, Hamadani, M, Logan, B, Jones, R, Singh, A, Litzow, M, Wingard, J, Papadopoulos, E, Perl, A, Soiffer, R, Ustun, C, Ueda Oshima, M, Uy, G, Waller, E, Vasu, S, Solh, M, Mishra, A, Muffly, L, Kim, H, Mikesch, J, Najima, Y, Onozawa, M, Thomson, K, Nagler, A, Wei, A, Marcucci, G, Geller, N, Hasabou, N, Delgado, D, Rosales, M, Hill, J, Gill, S, Nuthethi, R, King, D, Wittsack, H, Mendizabal, A, Devine, S, Horowitz, M, Chen, Y, Agura, E, Altman, J, Anagnostopoulos, A, Anand, S, Artz, A, Aulitzky, W, Balderman, S, Ballen, K, Becker, M, Beguin, Y, Berkahn, L, Berneman, Z, Bhatt, V, Bilmon, I, Bonifazi, F, Briggs, A, Bruno, B, Brunstein, C, Byrne, M, Byrne, J, Cabrero, M, Cairoli, R, Carrum, G, Cerny, J, Cheong, J, Ciceri, F, Colorado, M, Cook, R, Couriel, D, Craddock, C, Damon, L, Deol, A, Desbrosses, Y, Di Grazia, C, Di Stasi, A, Dias, A, Dorritie, K, Essell, J, Eto, T, Farag, S, Forcade, E, Frankfurt, O, Fujiwara, S, Fukuda, T, Fukushima, K, Furst, S, Goto, T, Hall, A, Hatta, S, Hicheri, Y, Horwitz, M, Hou, H, How, J, Howard, D, Hsu, W, Huynh, A, Irvine, D, Ishikawa, T, Jamieson, K, Jedrzejczak, W, Jethava, Y, Jimenez, A, Jung, C, Kanda, J, Karakasis, D, Kato, J, Kekre, N, Khera, N, Klein, A, Kobbe, G, Kornblit, B, Kota, V, Lachance, S, Leber, B, Lee, C, Lee, J, Lin, T, Liu, T, Martelli, M, Martinez, C, Matsuoka, K, Mccarty, J, Mendez, L, Michelis, F, Mineishi, S, Mohty, M, Moors, I, Motyckova, G, Mueller, L, Nakamae, H, Nakano, N, Nathan, S, Nicholson, E, Norkin, M, Ogawa, Y, Olesen, G, Oluwole, O, Pantin, J, Paulson, K, Pemberton, L, Perera, T, Piatkowska-Jakubas, B, Poire, X, Protheroe, R, Rambaldi, A, Ritchie, D, Ross, K, Rubio, M, Santarone, S, Sanz Caballer, J, Sawa, M, Schaar, D, Scheid, C, Schriber, J, Seropian, S, Shah, N, Shore, T, Gil, J, Sobecks, R, Socie, G, Sprague, K, Spyridonidis, A, Stelljes, M, Stiff, P, Stuart, R, Tanaka, M, Tandra, A, Tholouli, E, Thomas, X, Tiribelli, M, Tomlinson, B, Tsirigotis, P, Tzachanis, D, Uchida, N, Ueda, M, Valcarcel Ferreiras, D, Wagner, E, Watson, A, Weisdorf, D, Wolschke, C, Wrobel, T, Yakoub-Agha, I, Yamauchi, T, Yared, J, Yeh, S, Yoon, S, Yoshihara, S, Null, N, Levis, Mark J., Hamadani, Mehdi, Logan, Brent, Jones, Richard J., Singh, Anurag K., Litzow, Mark, Wingard, John R., Papadopoulos, Esperanza B., Perl, Alexander E., Soiffer, Robert J., Ustun, Celalettin, Ueda Oshima, Masumi, Uy, Geoffrey L., Waller, Edmund K., Vasu, Sumithra, Solh, Melhem, Mishra, Asmita, Muffly, Lori, Kim, Hee-Je, Mikesch, Jan-Henrik, Najima, Yuho, Onozawa, Masahiro, Thomson, Kirsty, Nagler, Arnon, Wei, Andrew H., Marcucci, Guido, Geller, Nancy L., Hasabou, Nahla, Delgado, David, Rosales, Matt, Hill, Jason, Gill, Stanley C., Nuthethi, Rishita, King, Denise, Wittsack, Heather, Mendizabal, Adam, Devine, Steven M., Horowitz, Mary M., Chen, Yi-Bin, Agura, Ed, Altman, Jessica, Anagnostopoulos, Achiles, Anand, Sarah, Artz, Andrew, Aulitzky, Walter, Balderman, Sophia, Ballen, Karen, Becker, Michael, Beguin, Yves, Berkahn, Leanne, Berneman, Zwi, Bhatt, Vijaya, Bilmon, Ian, Bonifazi, Francesca, Briggs, Adrienne, Bruno, Benedetto, Brunstein, Claudio, Byrne, Michael, Byrne, Jenny, Cabrero, Monica, Cairoli, Roberto, Carrum, George, Cerny, Jan, Cheong, June-Won, Ciceri, Fabio, Colorado, Mercedes, Cook, Rachel, Couriel, Daniel, Craddock, Charles, Damon, Lloyd, Deol, Abhinav, Desbrosses, Yohan, Devine, Steve, Di Grazia, Carmela, Di Stasi, Antonio, Dias, Ajoy, Dorritie, Kathy, Essell, James, Eto, Tetsuya, Farag, Sherif, Forcade, Edouard, Frankfurt, Olga, Fujiwara, Shinichiro, Fukuda, Takahiro, Fukushima, Kentaro, Furst, Sabine, Goto, Tatsunori, Hall, Aric, Hatta, Shunsuke, Hicheri, Yosr, Horwitz, Mitchell, Hou, Hsin-An, How, Jonathan, Howard, Dianna, Hsu, Wei-Hsun (Blake), Huynh, Anne, Irvine, David, Ishikawa, Takayuki, Jamieson, Katarzyna, Jedrzejczak, Wieslaw, Jethava, Yogesh, Jimenez, Antonio, Jung, Chul Won, Kanda, Junya, Karakasis, Dimitrios, Kato, Jun, Kekre, Natasha, Khera, Nandita, Klein, Andreas, Kobbe, Guido, Kornblit, Brian, Kota, Vamsi, Lachance, Silvy, Leber, Brian, Lee, Catherine, Lee, Je Hwan, Lin, Tung-Liang, Liu, Ta-Chih, Martelli, Maurizio, Martinez, Carmen, Matsuoka, Kenichi, McCarty, John, Mendez, Lourdes, Michelis, Fotios, Mineishi, Shin, Mohty, Mohamad, Moors, Ine, Motyckova, Gabriela, Mueller, Lutz, Nakamae, Hirohisa, Nakano, Nobuaki, Nathan, Sunita, Nicholson, Emma, Norkin, Maxim, Ogawa, Yoshiaki, Olesen, Gitte, Oluwole, Olalekan, Pantin, Jeremy, Paulson, Kristjan, Pemberton, Lucy, Perera, Travis, Piatkowska-Jakubas, Beata, Poire, Xavier, Protheroe, Rachel, Rambaldi, Alessandro, Ritchie, David, Ross, Kelly, Rubio, Marie-Therese, Santarone, Stella, Sanz Caballer, Jaime, Sawa, Masashi, Schaar, Dale, Scheid, Christoph, Schriber, Jeffrey, Seropian, Stuart, Shah, Nilay, Shah, Nirav, Shore, Tsiporah, Gil, Jorge Sierra, Singh, Anurag, Sobecks, Ronald, Socie, Gerard, Soiffer, Robert, Sprague, Kellie, Spyridonidis, Alexandros, Stelljes, Matthias, Stiff, Patrick, Stuart, Robert, Tanaka, Masatsugu, Tandra, Anand, Tholouli, Eleni, Thomas, Xavier, Tiribelli, Mario, Tomlinson, Benjamin, Tsirigotis, Panagiotis, Tzachanis, Dimitrios, Uchida, Naoyuki, Ueda, Masumi, Valcarcel Ferreiras, David, Wagner, Eva, Watson, Anne-Marie, Weisdorf, Daniel, Wolschke, Christine, Wrobel, Tomasz, Yakoub-Agha, Ibrahim, Yamauchi, Takuji, Yared, Jean, Yeh, Su-Peng, Yoon, Sung-Soo, Yoshihara, Satoshi, and null, null
Abstract: Purpose: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) improves outcomes for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harboring an internal tandem duplication mutation of FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) AML. These patients are routinely treated with a FLT3 inhibitor after HCT, but there is limited evidence to support this. Accordingly, we conducted a randomized trial of post-HCT maintenance with the FLT3 inhibitor gilteritinib (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02997202) to determine if all such patients benefit or if detection of measurable residual disease (MRD) could identify those who might benefit. Methods: Adults with FLT3-ITD AML in first remission underwent HCT and were randomly assigned to placebo or 120 mg once daily gilteritinib for 24 months after HCT. The primary end point was relapse-free survival (RFS). Secondary end points included overall survival (OS) and the effect of MRD pre- and post-HCT on RFS and OS. Results: Three hundred fifty-six participants were randomly assigned post-HCT to receive gilteritinib or placebo. Although RFS was higher in the gilteritinib arm, the difference was not statistically significant (hazard ratio [HR], 0.679 [95% CI, 0.459 to 1.005]; two-sided P = .0518). However, 50.5% of participants had MRD detectable pre- or post-HCT, and, in a prespecified subgroup analysis, gilteritinib was beneficial in this population (HR, 0.515 [95% CI, 0.316 to 0.838]; P = .0065). Those without detectable MRD showed no benefit (HR, 1.213 [95% CI, 0.616 to 2.387]; P = .575). Conclusion: Although the overall improvement in RFS was not statistically significant, RFS was higher for participants with detectable FLT3-ITD MRD pre- or post-HCT who received gilteritinib treatment. To our knowledge, these data are among the first to support the effectiveness of MRD-based post-HCT therapy.
Published: 2024

6. Understanding social value creation in public construction projects using systems thinking

Author: Farag, F. F.
Subjects: 710
Abstract: Interest in social issues increased in EU member states and the UK where this interest was shown via public policy documents and governmental initiatives to create social value as part of the procurement activities of construction projects. This encouraged construction client organisations to use their buying power to create value for their local communities. However, after reviewing literature and reports about using procurement in creating social value and the factors affecting social value creation in construction projects, and stakeholders' perceptions of social value this research concluded that satisfaction with social value creation was disputed and contested. This was due to the soft, non-quantifiable nature of social value outcomes, the multiple perception about it in every stage of construction project, the gap between the social value strategies and the operational tools available and the varying impacts of factors influencing the performance of construction projects. Accordingly, the researcher adopted an abductive approach and utilised Soft System Methodology (SSM) and the Generic Design and Construction Process Protocol (GDCPP) to understand how current processes in public construction projects are used to create social value. SSM was used because of its ability to investigate ill-defined issues and problem situations through using system's concepts in the investigation of these problem situations. Human Activity Systems which consist of activities to provide multiple perceptions to think about the problem situation. The GDCPP was used in association with the HAS models to produce the Social Value Activity Zone which is a set of, task driven, activities distributed across different construction project phases and performed by a cross-functional team to achieve social value objectives. The research's propositions and the SVAZ were developed through a pilot study that used expert panels to investigate current social value delivery processes and test the SSM and GDCPP approach. Then the research tested and validated the propositions and the SVAZ in four construction projects case studies which were selected according to the factors thought to influence social value in each project. The cases implied that client organisations who lead how Social Value was perceived achieved their objectives and were satisfied with it, despite the notion of social value varied from one stakeholder to the other because including social value in the core construction objectives and early involvement clarified how social value was viewed to other stakeholders.
Published: 2019

7. Hybrid light field image super-resolution and interpolation method using multi-array cameras

Author: Farag, Saber
Subjects: 621.36, 4D Imaging, Resolution Enhancement, Plenoptic Camera, Block Matching, All in Focus Images
Abstract: Recent advances in camera technologies have led to the design of plenoptic cameras. This camera type can capture multiple images of the same scene using arrays of microlenses, where each microlens has a shifted location providing a separate view of the scene. Such a design results in a superior performance, as compared to traditional cameras, enabling multi-view or multi-focal imaging captured in a single shot. However, the main drawback of the currently available plenoptic imaging technology is limited spatial resolution, which makes it difficult to use in applications where sharpness or high-resolution is essential, such as in the film industry. Although some previous attempts have addressed this issue, they were affected by high computational complexity as well as limited interpolation factor. To resolve this, a novel light field field hybrid super-resolution method is proposed which combines two traditional methods of multi image super-resolution and hybrid single image super-resolution to create hybrid super-resolution image for efficient application to plenoptic images. Furthermore, after this combination, the output of the hybrid super-resolution image is segmented into the objects of interest. Then, super-resolution reconstruction by sparse representation is applied to super resolve the segmented image. This technique helps to increase the resolution of light field images and maintain sharpness after super-resolution. Additionally, block matching super-resolution is proposed to provide a means of enhancement for the resolution of plenoptic images by developing corresponding super-resolution methods which exploit the disparity information, estimated from the light field images, to reduce the matching area in the super-resolution process. The proposed method is denoted as block matching super-resolution super-resolution. Following on, the proposed novel super-resolution method is combined with directionally adaptive image interpolation to preserve sharpness of the high-resolution images. In addition, light field digital refocusing with the proposed super-resolution approaches can be used to record the light field and provide maximum achievable resolution. With this simplification it is easy to explain the method of refocusing and the characteristics of the performance. The complexity of the standard light field camera configuration is also taken into account. The implemented super-resolution approaches that have been proposed are used to super resolve the ‘all-in-focus’ images. This research has narrowed the knowledge gap by creating a working super-resolution and interpolation application in order to allow higher quality to all light field images captured by plenoptic cameras. The significant advantage of this application for computer vision is the super-resolved micro images or the various angles available in a single light field super resolution image which allow depth estimation. Moreover, this research demonstrates a steady gain in the peak signal to noise ratio and structural similarity index quality of the super-resolved images for the resolution enhancement factor 8x8, as compared to the most recent approaches.
Published: 2018

8. Influencing attitudes, changing behaviours and embedding a pro-sustainability mindset in the workplace : an innovation diffusion approach to persuasive communications

Author: Hader, Khaled Farag Imhemed
Subjects: 658.4, Sustainability implementation, Innovation diffusion, Innovations theory, Planned behaviour, Behaviour change
Abstract: Although several sustainability implementation frameworks have been proposed, researchers have not yet proposed theories or models to help organisations speed up the rate of sustainability diffusion and narrow the gap between what is known and what is put into use. This study sought to fill this gap by proposing a sustainability diffusion model. The model was developed from an exhaustive review of the corresponding literature. It uses Rogers' (1962) diffusion of innovations theory and Ajzen's (1991) theory of planned behaviour as a theoretical foundation. The model was tested and its structural architecture was validated in three different sustainability contexts; namely, duplex printing in UK universities; sustainable computing in service-based businesses; and sustainability culture in UK universities. The primary data was analysed statistically using SPSS, and structural equation modelling (SEM) in particular was used to validate the structural architecture of the proposed model. The SEM results indicate that the structural architecture of the theory of planned behaviour is well-founded. All the hypotheses that underline the theory's paths were supported. In contrast, the structural architecture of the diffusion of innovations theory was weakly supported. Some of the paths were rejected in at least two occasions. For example, the relationship between pro-sustainability knowledge and attitude was neither statistically significant nor directional. Moreover, several components of the 'verified' model turned out to be statistically insignificant or were rejected altogether. These were knowledge, perceived self interest, perceived persuader legitimacy, perceived consequences, perceived argument quality, trialability and perceived source credibility. Accordingly, once these constructs were removed and the model was restructured in accordance with the results of SEM analysis, an entirely new version of the 'sustainability diffusion model' emerged (See Figure IX-2). The architecture of the new model suggests that in order to speed up the rate of sustainability diffusion, change agents must emphasise the relative advantage, compatibility, subjective norm and the urgency of the pro-sustainability initiative under implementation and de-emphasise any complexities or risks associated with its operationalisation. Unexpectedly, the new version of the proposed model relies more on Ajzen's (1991) theory of planned behaviour as a theoretical foundation than on Rogers' (1983) innovation-decision process model. In other words, the new model maintained almost all the features of the theory of planned behaviour, but it only absorbed some, but not all, of the components of Rogers' innovation-decision process model. Nevertheless, the new model maintained its holistic nature. It still takes into account both the person-specific and innovation-specific factors that influence the diffusion, adoption and actualisation of pro-sustainability behaviours/initiatives.
Published: 2018
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9. Secure visible light communication systems based on the position of the user

Author: Mousa, Farag, Busawon, Krishna, and Bouridane, Ahmed
Subjects: 620, H600 Electronic and Electrical Engineering
Abstract: In the past few decades, there has been a growing demand for bandwidth in wireless communication systems due to an increase in the number of mobile users, computer network applications and high speed internet access and services. Visible light communication (VLC) is a newly emerging technology in optical wireless communication (OWC) systems to provide both illumination and high-speed data communication. In addition, it can also be used for indoor positioning or localization with wide applications that has merited a number of attractive research studies. However, security in wireless communications has become a matter of concern due to the possibility of unauthorised access to transmitted data. This thesis investigates received optical power (ROP) distribution to achieve illumination requirements for both optimal and sub-optimal Lambertian order in single and four cell configurations. Furthermore, it proposes VLC-based indoor positioning by using the received optical power levels from the emitting LEDs. Both scenarios of line-of-sight (LOS) and line-of-sight with non-line-of-sight (LOSNLOS) positioning are considered. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated under both noisy and noiseless channel cases and the impact of different location codes on the positioning error is also investigated. An analytical model of the system with noise and the corresponding numerical evaluation for a range of signal to noise ratios (SNRs) are presented. The results show that an accuracy of 8 cm in average is achievable at an SNR of 15 dB in the LOSNLOS scenario. We also introduce a novel approach for recovering 4×4 MIMO–VLC data with partial channel state information (CSI) knowledge both in noisy and noiseless cases. In addition, the proposed indoor localization system utilizing two visible light emitting diodes for different environments offering less complexity for both LOS and LOSNLOS scenarios is offered. The results of the scheme is compared with existing trilateration techniques and the performance of the proposed system is evaluated with a reported accuracy of less than 20 cm for SNR values of greater than 13 dB. This thesis also proposes a new secure single input single output (SISO) VLC system and investigates the bit error rate (BER) performance with and without encryption in the Media Access Control (MAC) layer and physical layer for both the LOS and LOSNLOS scenarios. For a BER of 10-3, the results show that there is 1 to ~ 3.5 dB power penalties for the secured VLC system for data rates of up to 10 Mbps. The key length impact on the error propagation is also investigated. Finally, this thesis proposes a secure MIMO VLC system that relies on the position of the user by incorporating a new modified version of the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) technique for encrypting the transmitted data in the MAC layer. Furthermore, the ability of the proposed system to control the size of the encrypted cell depending on the application environment is demonstrated.
Published: 2017

10. Distributed Backlog-Aware Protocol for Heterogeneous D2D Communication-Assisted Wireless Sensor Networks

Author: Farag, Hossam, Stefanovic, Cedomir, Gidlund, Mikael, Farag, Hossam, Stefanovic, Cedomir, and Gidlund, Mikael
Abstract: Age of Information (AoI) and delay are crucial performance metrics for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) applications not only to perform seamless actuation and control actions but also to enable self-organized and re-configurable manufacturing systems. A challenging task in heterogeneous IIoT networks is to minimize the AoI while maintaining a predefined delay constraint. In this work, we consider a Device-to-Device (D2D)-based heterogeneous IIoT network that supports two types of traffic flows, namely AoI-sensitive flow and delay-sensitive flow. First, we introduce a distributed backlog-aware random access protocol that allows the AoI-sensitive nodes to opportunistically access the channel based on the queue occupancy of the delay-sensitive node. Then, we develop an analytical framework to evaluate the average delay and the average AoI, and formulate an optimization problem to minimize the AoI under a given delay constraint. Finally, we provide numerical results to demonstrate the impact of different network parameters on the performance in terms of the average delay and the average AoI. We also give numerical solutions of the optimal parameters that minimize the AoI subject to a defined delay constraint., Forskningsprofilen NIIT
Published: 2024
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11. Opposition inclusion and exclusion in the Arab world: Evidence from a new dataset

Author: Farag, Mahmoud; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4625-3735 and Farag, Mahmoud; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4625-3735
Abstract: The literature on the Arab world is full of accounts on how authoritarian regimes manipulate the secular-Islamist cleavage to remain in power. This literature, however, has two gaps. First, there is no comparative data on the regional patterns of inclusion and exclusion that characterize regime-opposition relations in the Arab world. Second, studies usually do not account for the different shades of secular and Islamist groups. This research note bridges both gaps by introducing an original dataset: the Arab Opposition Power Relations dataset. The dataset codes power relations between four secular and Islamist groups in 13 Arab countries between 2005 and 2016 to a total of 624 group observations. Descriptive analysis of the dataset illustrates the changing patterns of inclusion and exclusion within and across countries both before and after the 2011 Arab uprisings. In so doing, the dataset opens new research frontiers for the vibrant literature on the resilience of authoritarianism in the Arab world.
Published: 2024

12. Validation of the Klinrisk chronic kidney disease progression model in the FIDELITY population

Author: Tangri, Navdeep, Ferguson, Thomas, Leon, Silvia J., Anker, Stefan D., Filippatos, Gerasimos, Pitt, Bertram, Rossing, Peter, Ruilope, Luis M., Farjat, Alfredo E., Farag, Youssef M. K., Schloemer, Patrick, Lawatscheck, Robert, Rohwedder, Katja, Bakris, George L., Tangri, Navdeep, Ferguson, Thomas, Leon, Silvia J., Anker, Stefan D., Filippatos, Gerasimos, Pitt, Bertram, Rossing, Peter, Ruilope, Luis M., Farjat, Alfredo E., Farag, Youssef M. K., Schloemer, Patrick, Lawatscheck, Robert, Rohwedder, Katja, and Bakris, George L.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects >800 million individuals worldwide and is often underrecognized. Early detection, identification and treatment can delay disease progression. Klinrisk is a proprietary CKD progression risk prediction model based on common laboratory data to predict CKD progression. We aimed to externally validate the Klinrisk model for prediction of CKD progression in FIDELITY (a prespecified pooled analysis of two finerenone phase III trials in patients with CKD and type 2 diabetes). In addition, we sought to identify evidence of an interaction between treatment and risk.METHODS: The validation cohort included all participants in FIDELITY up to 4 years. The primary and secondary composite outcomes included a ≥40% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or kidney failure, and a ≥57% decrease in eGFR or kidney failure. Prediction discrimination was calculated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Calibration plots were calculated by decile comparing observed with predicted risk.RESULTS: At time horizons of 2 and 4 years, 993 and 1795 patients experienced a primary outcome event, respectively. The model predicted the primary outcome accurately with an AUC of 0.81 for 2 years and 0.86 for 4 years. Calibration was appropriate at both 2 and 4 years, with Brier scores of 0.067 and 0.115, respectively. No evidence of interaction between treatment and risk was identified for the primary composite outcome (P = .31).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the accuracy and utility of a laboratory-based prediction model for early identification of patients at the highest risk of CKD progression.
Published: 2024

13. Six dilemmas for stakeholders inherently affecting data sharing during a zoonotic (re-)emerging infectious disease outbreak response

Author: van Roode, Martine Y., dos S. Ribeiro, Carolina, Farag, Elmoubasher, Nour, Mohamed, Moustafa, Aya, Ahmed, Minahil, Haringhuizen, George, Koopmans, Marion P.G., van de Burgwal, Linda H.M., van Roode, Martine Y., dos S. Ribeiro, Carolina, Farag, Elmoubasher, Nour, Mohamed, Moustafa, Aya, Ahmed, Minahil, Haringhuizen, George, Koopmans, Marion P.G., and van de Burgwal, Linda H.M.
Abstract: Background: Timely access to outbreak related data, particularly in the early events of a spillover, is important to support evidence based control measures in response to outbreaks of zoonotic Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID). Yet, this is impeded by several barriers that need to be understood to promote timely sharing of data. Using the MERS epidemic as a model for a zoonotic EID outbreak, this study sought to provide an in-depth understanding of data sharing practices. Methods:Semi-structured interviews with 25 experts were conducted, along with Focus Group Discussions with 15 additional experts. A root-cause analysis was performed to examine the causal relationships between barriers. Enablers were mapped to the root-cause analysis to understand their influence on the barriers. Finally, root causes were placed in context of core dilemmas identified from the qualitative analysis. Findings: Eight barriers to data sharing were identified, related to collaboration, technical preparedness, regulations, and (conflict of) interests, and placed in the context of six dilemmas inherent to the multi-stakeholder collaboration required for a zoonotic outbreak response. Fourteen identified enablers showed the willingness of stakeholders to overcome or circumvent these barriers, but also indicated the inherent trial and error nature of implementing such enablers. Interpretation: Addressing the barriers requires solutions that must consider the complexity and interconnectedness of the root causes underlying them, and should consider the distinct scopes and interests of the different stakeholders. Insights provided by this study can be used to encourage data sharing practices for future outbreaks Funding: Wellcome Trust and UK Aid; EU-H2020 Societal Challenges (grant agreement no. 643476), Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (VI.Veni.201S.044)
Published: 2024

14. COVID-19 detection from pulmonary CT scans using a novel EfficientNet with attention mechanism

Author: Farag, Ramy, Upadhyay, Parth, Gao, Yixiang, Demby, Jacket, Montoya, Katherin Garces, Tousi, Seyed Mohamad Ali, Omotara, Gbenga, DeSouza, Guilherme, Farag, Ramy, Upadhyay, Parth, Gao, Yixiang, Demby, Jacket, Montoya, Katherin Garces, Tousi, Seyed Mohamad Ali, Omotara, Gbenga, and DeSouza, Guilherme
Abstract: Manual analysis and diagnosis of COVID-19 through the examination of Computed Tomography (CT) images of the lungs can be time-consuming and result in errors, especially given high volume of patients and numerous images per patient. So, we address the need for automation of this task by developing a new deep learning model-based pipeline. Our motivation was sparked by the CVPR Workshop on "Domain Adaptation, Explainability and Fairness in AI for Medical Image Analysis", more specifically, the "COVID-19 Diagnosis Competition (DEF-AI-MIA COV19D)" under the same Workshop. This challenge provides an opportunity to assess our proposed pipeline for COVID-19 detection from CT scan images. The same pipeline incorporates the original EfficientNet, but with an added Attention Mechanism: EfficientNet-AM. Also, unlike the traditional/past pipelines, which relied on a pre-processing step, our pipeline takes the raw selected input images without any such step, except for an image-selection step to simply reduce the number of CT images required for training and/or testing. Moreover, our pipeline is computationally efficient, as, for example, it does not incorporate a decoder for segmenting the lungs. It also does not combine different backbones nor combine RNN with a backbone, as other pipelines in the past did. Nevertheless, our pipeline still outperforms all approaches presented by other teams in last year's instance of the same challenge, at least based on the validation subset of the competition dataset.
Published: 2024

15. Combating Financial Crimes with Unsupervised Learning Techniques: Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction for Anti-Money Laundering

Author: Bakry, Ahmed N., Alsharkawy, Almohammady S., Farag, Mohamed S., Raslan, Kamal R., Bakry, Ahmed N., Alsharkawy, Almohammady S., Farag, Mohamed S., and Raslan, Kamal R.
Abstract: Anti-Money Laundering (AML) is a crucial task in ensuring the integrity of financial systems. One keychallenge in AML is identifying high-risk groups based on their behavior. Unsupervised learning, particularly clustering, is a promising solution for this task. However, the use of hundreds of features todescribe behavior results in a highdimensional dataset that negatively impacts clustering performance.In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of combining clustering method agglomerative hierarchicalclustering with four dimensionality reduction techniques -Independent Component Analysis (ICA), andKernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Locality Preserving Projections (LPP)- to overcome the issue of high-dimensionality in AML data and improve clusteringresults. This study aims to provide insights into the most effective way of reducing the dimensionality ofAML data and enhance the accuracy of clustering-based AML systems. The experimental results demonstrate that KPCA outperforms other dimension reduction techniques when combined with agglomerativehierarchical clustering. This superiority is observed in the majority of situations, as confirmed by threedistinct validation indices.
Published: 2024
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16. Region of Interest Detection in Melanocytic Skin Tumor Whole Slide Images -- Nevus & Melanoma

Author: Cui, Yi, Li, Yao, Miedema, Jayson R., Edmiston, Sharon N., Farag, Sherif, Marron, J. S., Thomas, Nancy E., Cui, Yi, Li, Yao, Miedema, Jayson R., Edmiston, Sharon N., Farag, Sherif, Marron, J. S., and Thomas, Nancy E.
Abstract: Automated region of interest detection in histopathological image analysis is a challenging and important topic with tremendous potential impact on clinical practice. The deep-learning methods used in computational pathology may help us to reduce costs and increase the speed and accuracy of cancer diagnosis. We started with the UNC Melanocytic Tumor Dataset cohort that contains 160 hematoxylin and eosin whole-slide images of primary melanomas (86) and nevi (74). We randomly assigned 80% (134) as a training set and built an in-house deep-learning method to allow for classification, at the slide level, of nevi and melanomas. The proposed method performed well on the other 20% (26) test dataset; the accuracy of the slide classification task was 92.3% and our model also performed well in terms of predicting the region of interest annotated by the pathologists, showing excellent performance of our model on melanocytic skin tumors. Even though we tested the experiments on the skin tumor dataset, our work could also be extended to other medical image detection problems to benefit the clinical evaluation and diagnosis of different tumors., Comment: 5 figures, NeurIPS 2022 Workshop
Published: 2024

17. Resonant tunnelling diodes for millimetre and sub-millimetre wave mixing applications

Author: Elsaadi, Mussa Farag Mussa and Steenson, D. P.
Subjects: 621.381
Abstract: The primary intention of this research work was to evaluate a topology for a sub-harmonic down conversion mixer exploiting the fourth harmonic of a LO signal. Designs were evaluated by simulation at 640GHz and 320GHz with the aim of exploring the potential of a RTD based down-converter at 640GHz, in the 580-750GHz atmospheric window, with an intermediate frequency signal in the range around 2GHz by mixing with the fourth harmonic of a 159.5GHz LO signal. Related design studies were undertaken at 320GHz which gave a simulated single side band (SSB) conversion loss of 5.7dB, and with a LO power requirement of less than -9.5dBm which vindicated the principle, as far as the design stage is concerned, of using RTDs as the non-linear mixing element, where the layer design can be tailored to favour very low pump powers. The other, related, target of the current PhD work was to also explore the potential for high LO drive level mixers and their up-conversion efficiencies using the same novel devices, i.e. RTDs, but with a different layer design, better suited to support high pump powers in this instance. For achieving the latter goal, two different sub-harmonic up-conversion mixers employing a single RTD and using the second harmonic of an LO signal were designed and evaluated at two different frequencies. The first mixer design was aimed at 180 GHz providing -7.5dBm of output power while the second one should work at 110GHz showing output power in the range of -4dBm, and was used to initially evaluate the approach and which could, in principle, be later fabricated and measured. All these down and up-conversion mixers were carefully designed using ADS and HFSS and evaluated using two different technologies, microstrip and Grounded Coplanar Waveguide (GCPW), and both compared with a nearest Schottky diode based approaches, and also their physical mask was produced in anticipation of a later fabrication stage.
Published: 2016

18. Structures of government in Almohad Iberia

Author: Omar, Farag I. M., Barton, Simon, and Kristó-Nagy, István
Subjects: 900, Almohads, al-Andalus, Government, African Study, Spain Study, Administrative system, Governmental Structures, Political system, Almohad Organisation, Almohad financial administration
Abstract: This thesis seeks to examine the political and administrative organisations of al-Andalus during the period of the Almohads. It employs close analysis of the sources in order to explore how the Almohad government system worked and to identify the extent of the development and the efficiency of its structures during the period. Each chapter focuses on a specific part of this system. Chapter I examines the founding of the political organs established by the founder of the Almohad movement, Ibn Tūmart, and the reforms made by his successor, the founder of the empire, ʿAbd al-Muʾmin. Chapter II discusses the administrative political system of al-Andalus, especially the administrative divisions of the provinces, and the political structure of the government, represented by the governors and the kuṭṭāb. Chapter III examines the financial institutions and its structures, such as the ʿāmil, the mushrif, and the ṣāḥib al-aʿmāl, in addition to the Almohad sikka and its development. Chapter IV, the final chapter, studies the judicial system and highlights its religious functions.
Published: 2015

19. Management Practices of Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality on Egyptian Dairies.

Author: Farag, Heba, Farag, Heba, El-Sayed, Samah, Hegazy, Yamen, ElAshmawy, Wagdy, Fahim, Karima, Fayed, Adel, Aly, Sharif, Abdelfattah, Essam, Farag, Heba, Farag, Heba, El-Sayed, Samah, Hegazy, Yamen, ElAshmawy, Wagdy, Fahim, Karima, Fayed, Adel, Aly, Sharif, and Abdelfattah, Essam
Abstract: Milk production continues to be the main source of income for dairy producers, and mastitis continues to be the major health challenge for dairy cows worldwide. The objective of the current study was to describe the different management practices implemented in Egyptian dairies, which may influence mastitis and improve milk quality. An in-person survey was completed with herd managers and owners of 20 Egyptian dairies selected using a stratified random sample from four of Egypts milk sheds. The questionnaire included 80 questions that inquired about herd demographics, mastitis status and control, milking practices, and management practices of the study dairies. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, multiple factor analysis (MFA), and hierarchical clustering to identify the important principal components and different dairy clusters. Of the surveyed herds, 69.50% had less than 500 lactating cows, with Holstein as the main cow breed. The reported average milk production on the study herds was 31.1 (SE ± 1.10) Kg/cow/day. Housing of lactating, dry, and close-up cows was in open lots. The majority of the dairies milked cows were three times per day (90.63%), the remaining milked cows four (5.00%) or a mix of four and three times per day. Furthermore, herringbone parlor design was the most common parlor design (66.79%) in the study dairies. The most common disinfectants used for both pre- and post-milking teat dip were iodine-based, 90.0% and 95.0%, respectively, while 52.16% of the dairies reported that their milkers wore gloves during milking. The reported mean annual percentage of mastitis was 52.3%, as a percent of the milking herd. The study dairies reported the inspection of udder health through either visual inspection (95.00%), udder hygiene score (86.88%), teat end score (71.88%), and/or using CMT (54.91%). Contagious mastitis pathogens were reported in 45.2% of the study herds. More than 50% of the study herds relied on importing pregnant cows o
Published: 2023

20. Safety and efficacy of intraperitoneal drain placement after emergency colorectal surgery: An international, prospective cohort study

Author: Sgro, A, Blanco-Colino, R, Ahmed, W, Brindl, N, Gujjuri, R, Lapolla, P, Mills, E, Perez-Ajates, S, Soares, A, Varghese, C, Xu, W, Mclean, K, Chapman, S, Espin-Basany, E, Glasbey, J, Mihaljevic, A, Nepogodiev, D, Pata, F, Pellino, G, Pockney, P, Dudi-Venkata, N, Egoroff, N, Ludbrook, I, Raubenheimer, K, Richards, T, Delibegovic, S, Salibasic, M, Amjad, T, Dorr-Harim, C, Gedeon, N, Gsenger, J, Tachezy, M, Bini, S, Gallo, G, Gori, A, Picciariello, A, Podda, M, Riboni, C, Machatschek, M, Nguyen, A, Jakubauskas, M, Kryzauskas, M, Poskus, T, Kuiper, S, Wang, J, Wells, C, Bissett, I, Augestad, K, Steinholt, I, Vieira, B, Juloski, J, Anabitarte Bautista, O, Kasmy El Kasmy, Y, Martin-Borregon, P, Ossola Revilla, M, Van Straten, S, Aktas, M, Baki, B, Akhbari, M, Baker, D, Bhatia, S, Brown, S, Cambridge, W, Kamarajah, S, Khaw, R, Kouli, O, Murray, V, Trout, I, Yasin, I, Wong, J, Reyhani, H, Wong, K, Pancharatnam, R, Chia, W, Walmsley, A, Hassane, A, Saeed, D, Wang, B, Walters, B, Nowinka, Z, Alsaif, A, Mirza, M, Foster, K, Luu, J, Kakodkar, P, Hughes, J, Yogarajah, T, Antypas, A, Rahman, A, Bradbury, M, Mclarnon, M, Nagi, S, Riad, A, Erotocritou, M, Kyriacou, H, Kaminskaite, V, Alfadhel, S, Fatimah Hussain, Q, Handa, A, Massy-Westropp, C, Custovic, S, Dimov, R, Mughal, H, Slavchev, M, Ivanov, T, Gouvas, N, Hegazi, A, Kocian, P, Kjaer, M, Mark-Christensen, A, Papakonstantinou, D, Machairas, N, Triantafyllou, T, Garoufalia, Z, Korkolis, D, Castaldi, A, Giaccari, S, Spolverato, G, Pagano, G, Milone, M, Turri, G, Colombo, F, Cucinotta, E, Poillucci, G, Perra, T, Tutino, R, Belia, F, Coletta, D, Belli, A, Rega, D, Cianci, P, Pirozzolo, G, Di Lena, M, Perrone, F, Giani, A, Lovisetto, F, Grassia, M, Pipitone Federico, N, Ferrara, F, Biancafarina, A, Tamini, N, Sinibaldi, G, Tuminello, F, Galleano, R, Sasia, D, Bragaglia, L, de Manzoni Garberini, A, Pesce, A, Cassaro, F, Venturelli, P, Canu, G, Esposito, G, Campanelli, M, Cardia, R, Ricciardiello, M, Sagnotta, A, Canonico, G, De Marco, G, Cappiello, A, Pinotti, E, Carlei, F, Lisi, G, Bagaglini, G, Farrugia, M, Meima - van Praag, E, Monteiro, C, Pereira, M, Botelho, P, Quigley, A, O'Neill, A, Gaule, L, Crone, L, Arnold, A, Grama, F, Beuca, A, Tulina, I, Litvin, A, Panyko, A, Ossola, M, Trujillo Diaz, J, Marin Santos, J, Alonso Batanero, E, Gortazar de las Casas, S, Soldevila Verdeguer, C, Colas-Ruiz, E, Talal El-Abur, I, Garcia Dominguez, M, Delorme, M, Sauvain, M, Ozmen, B, Ozkan, B, Calikoglu, F, Kural, S, Zafer, F, Kaya, Y, Yalcinkaya, A, Kargici, K, Tepe, M, Tatar, O, Kabadayi, E, Yildirim, A, Hurmuzlu, D, Korkmaz, K, Sharma, P, Troller, R, Hagan, N, Mooney, J, Light, A, Tansey, M, Bhojwani, D, Mcging, R, Mallon, A, Fadel, M, Spilsbury, C, James, R, O'Brien, S, Isaac, A, Balasubramanya, S, Sadik, H, Gala, T, Chen, J, Turner, B, Goh, E, Hassan, K, Karam, M, Mason, P, Tzoumas, N, Noton, T, Seehra, J, Ahmed, N, Motiwale, R, Tanna, V, Argyriou, A, Bylapudi, S, Grace, N, Latif, S, Hounat, A, Kiam, J, Zaidi, M, Elsamani, K, Hughes, C, Suresh, A, Sinan, L, El-Dalil, D, Khoo, E, Salim, E, Stark, D, Minhas, N, Fowler, G, Rees, E, Giudiceandrea, I, Bardon, A, Jayawardena, P, Dieseru, N, Murphy, A, Yates, C, Ziolkowska, K, Rafie, A, Khoda, F, Okocha, M, Ashdown, T, Vitish-Sharma, P, Gilliland, J, Toh, S, Jones, K, Devine, A, Berry, A, Mcdonnell, S, Olivier, J, Richardson, G, Lim, H, Slim, N, Elsayeh, K, Sammour, T, Sarpanov, A, Belev, N, Dimitrov, D, Dusek, T, Ntomi, V, Sotiropoulos, G, Theodorou, D, Nikiteas, N, Balalis, D, Antropoli, C, Altomare, D, Luglio, G, De Palma, G, Pedrazzani, C, Simonelli, L, Brozzetti, S, Porcu, A, Massani, M, Grazi, G, Izzo, F, Delrio, P, Restini, E, Chetta, G, Lantone, G, Ferrari, G, Lucchi, A, De Prizio, M, Caristo, G, Borghi, F, Petrucciani, N, Huscher, C, Cocorullo, G, Tonini, V, Medas, F, Sica, G, Cillara, N, Anastasi, A, Bianco, F, Giuliani, A, Carlini, M, Selvaggi, F, Sammarco, G, Ozolins, A, Malasonoks, A, Andrejevic, P, Tanis, P, van de Ven, A, Gerhards, 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B., Zaffaroni G., Benuzzi L., Ferrario L., Cigognini M., Mazzeo C., Badessi G., Pintabona G., Fassari A., Mingoli A., Cirillo B., D'Alterio C., Brachini G., Tancredi M., Zambon M., Aulicino M., Sapienza P., Liberatore P., Scanu A. M., Feo C. F., Iacomino A., Pelizzo P., Rossi S., Vigna S. A., Grossi U., Grillo V., Agnes A., Schena C. A., Marincola G., Oddi A., Perotti B., Mario V., Perri P., Zazza S., Aversano A., Scala D., Di Lauro K., Leongito M., Piccirillo M., Patrone R., Capuzzolo S., Vignotto C., Bao Q. R., Giuseppe C., Angarano E., Marino F., Pezzolla F., Gigante G., Magistro C., Crippa J., Maspero M., Carnevali P., Trapani R., Zonta S., Agostinelli L., Vittori L., Romeo L., Doria E., Farnesi F., Danna R., Andolfi E., Pellicano' G. A., Angelini M., Scricciolo M., Zanframundo C., Ciulli C., Ripamonti L., Cigagna L., Oldani M., Larcinese A., Rossi D., Picone E., Crescentini G., Marano A., Migliore M., Giuffrida M. C., Palagi S., Testa V., Borrello A., Lucarini A., Garofalo E., Canali G., Orlandi P., Nervegna F., Marchegiani F., Damoli I., Licata A., Trovato C., Alicata F., Sardo F., Milazzo M., Randisi B., Dominici D. M., Sartarelli L., Zanni M., Pisanu A., Soddu C., Delogu D., Erdas E., Campus F., Cappellacci F., Casti F., Marcialis J., Atzeni J., Podda M. G., Sensi B., Franceschilli M., Bellato V., Cannavera A., Putzu G., di Mola F. F., Picardi B., Solinas L., Loponte M., Rossi del Monte S., Di Martino C., Linari C., Spagni G., Capezzuoli L., Tirloni L., Nelli T., Caridi A., Elter C., Camassa M., D'Amico S., Bargellini T., Incollingo P., Montuori M., Maffione F., Romano L., Valiyeva S., Spoletini D., Menegon Tasselli F., Sciaudone G., Selvaggi L., Menna M. P., De Paola G., Fulginiti S., Truskovs A., Weiss C., Saknitis G., Rauscher J. T. R., Larnovskis J., Jeyarajan-Davidsson M., Nitisa D., Gille N., Reiser S. C., Roshan M. H. K., Leseman C., Chen J., van Dalen A. 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B., Zaffaroni G., Benuzzi L., Ferrario L., Cigognini M., Mazzeo C., Badessi G., Pintabona G., Fassari A., Mingoli A., Cirillo B., D'Alterio C., Brachini G., Tancredi M., Zambon M., Aulicino M., Sapienza P., Liberatore P., Scanu A. M., Feo C. F., Iacomino A., Pelizzo P., Rossi S., Vigna S. A., Grossi U., Grillo V., Agnes A., Schena C. A., Marincola G., Oddi A., Perotti B., Mario V., Perri P., Zazza S., Aversano A., Scala D., Di Lauro K., Leongito M., Piccirillo M., Patrone R., Capuzzolo S., Vignotto C., Bao Q. R., Giuseppe C., Angarano E., Marino F., Pezzolla F., Gigante G., Magistro C., Crippa J., Maspero M., Carnevali P., Trapani R., Zonta S., Agostinelli L., Vittori L., Romeo L., Doria E., Farnesi F., Danna R., Andolfi E., Pellicano' G. A., Angelini M., Scricciolo M., Zanframundo C., Ciulli C., Ripamonti L., Cigagna L., Oldani M., Larcinese A., Rossi D., Picone E., Crescentini G., Marano A., Migliore M., Giuffrida M. C., Palagi S., Testa V., Borrello A., Lucarini A., Garofalo E., Canali G., Orlandi P., Nervegna F., Marchegiani F., Damoli I., Licata A., Trovato C., Alicata F., Sardo F., Milazzo M., Randisi B., Dominici D. M., Sartarelli L., Zanni M., Pisanu A., Soddu C., Delogu D., Erdas E., Campus F., Cappellacci F., Casti F., Marcialis J., Atzeni J., Podda M. G., Sensi B., Franceschilli M., Bellato V., Cannavera A., Putzu G., di Mola F. F., Picardi B., Solinas L., Loponte M., Rossi del Monte S., Di Martino C., Linari C., Spagni G., Capezzuoli L., Tirloni L., Nelli T., Caridi A., Elter C., Camassa M., D'Amico S., Bargellini T., Incollingo P., Montuori M., Maffione F., Romano L., Valiyeva S., Spoletini D., Menegon Tasselli F., Sciaudone G., Selvaggi L., Menna M. P., De Paola G., Fulginiti S., Truskovs A., Weiss C., Saknitis G., Rauscher J. T. R., Larnovskis J., Jeyarajan-Davidsson M., Nitisa D., Gille N., Reiser S. C., Roshan M. H. K., Leseman C., Chen J., van Dalen A. S., Top C., Detering R., Matos C., Silva C., Pinto D., Mendes J., Couto J., Leite M., Velez C., Damasio Cotovio M., Cinza A. M., Pedroso de Lima R., Boyle E., Yang H. W., Banerjee I., Rahmat S., Afzal Z., Reid C., Dumitrascu F., Croyle J. A., Gressmann K., Cullen N., Graham A., Nasehi A., Montano King C., Martin B., Stokell C., Sanderson N., Farnan R., Jassim S., Chan B., Chua Vi Long K., Kaka N., Pandey S., Neo W. X., Chitul A., Bezede C., Cincilei D., David A., Blaga M., Blaga S. N., Fagarasan V., Khetagurova M., Rodimov S., Kapustina A., Mekhralyzade A., Zabiyaka M., Jankovic U., Cuk V., Hajska M., Dubovsky M., Hrosova M., Ferancikova N., Camarero Rodriguez E., Laguna Alcantara F., Adarraga J., Jezieniecki C., Ruiz Soriano M., Gomez Sanz T., Suarez A., Sanchez Garcia C., Cifrian Canales I., Llosa Perez J., Merayo M., Urbieta A., Gegundez Simon A., Tone J. F., Gazo Martinez J., Vicario Bravo M., Chavarrias N., Gil Catalan A., Oseira A., Villalonga B., Jeri S., Perez Calvo J., Nogues A., Cros B., Yanez C., Utrilla Fornals A., Roldon Golet M., Colsa P., Gimenez Maurel T., Axmarker T., Chevallay M., Pham T. V., Sel E. K., Atar C., Aba M., Sarkin M., Akkaya Y. M., Durmaz A. G., Gullu H. F., Boga A., Aktas A., Bakar B., Demirel M. T., Hysejni X., Taser M., Guzel O. R., Bozbiyik O., Ozen D., Olmez M., Uyar B., Gulcek E., Kayacan G. S., Atici N., Gul O. F., Altiner S., Ibis B., Altunsu S., Banaz T., Diler C., Demirbas I., Usta M. A., Erkul O., Orman R., Salih S., Utkan N. Z., Acil C., Ozgur E., Maddahali M., Turhan A. B., Eskici A. B., Ular B., Dogru M., Ozturk O. U., Arslan E. R., Panahi Sharif A., Dikmen E., Ates J., Bircan R., Cavus T., Sever A. E., Balak B., Duman E., Altay L., Emanet O., Cullen F., Tan J. Y., Nathan A., Rottenberg A., Williams C. Y., Mitrofan C. G., Xu D., Bawa J. H., Morris P., Gordon D., Richmond G., Hui J. C., Ighomereho O., Rocks R., McCabe S., Fitzpatrick A., Nicoletti J., Auterson L., Darrah N., Soh V. W. Y., Ong C. S., Utukuri M., Gallagher C., Stuart L. M., Hipolito M., Douglas N., Ghazal R., Parris G., Catchpole J., Bryden M., Jamal S., Karim Z., Lyon-Dean C., Rowley G., Lee K. S., Whitehurst O., Mirza A., Sheikh F., Yousaf H., Bilbao J., Sinclair R., Takar S., Kressel H., Chan V., Schack K., Osborne R., Baldemor S., Smyth S., Gilmour S., Ting A., Bozonelou I., Saunders P., Qhaireel Anwar Q. A., Tirimanna R., Jauhari S., Gardener A., Walker B., Wenban C., Reddy H., Conway-Jones R., Loganathan S., Clynch A., James C., Matey E., Cameron F., Roberts W., Gicquel A., Milliken C., Forbes J., Rubinchik P., Azmi A., Hawkes C., Cornett L., Adarkwah P., McConville R., O'Hara S., Tijare C., Parkes J., Yao L., Ahmad R., Shafiq U., Mhaisalkar A., Gurung A., de Stadler K., Elias S., Thomas T., Madras A., Jani A., Daler H. K., Tong K. S., Sundaralingam S. S., Szal A., Khan A., O'Sullivan C., Baker E., Joseph-Gubral J., Hadley E., Trivedi R., Igwelaezoh E., Barton H., Allison W., Hurst W., Alam F., Parkes I., Jamshaid M., Azizan N., Burgher T., Afzal A., Eltilib I., Zahid M., Sadiq O., Lloyd A., Ho R., Brazukas A., Li C. H., Kamdar M., Mohamed Nazeer M. N., Mighiu A., Kim D., Wilkins L., Kuo L., Rafe T., Maduka D., Cheema H., Farag K., Abdellatif M., Nzewi R., Kruczynska A., Grasselli H., Yousuff M., Bassi R., Mann A. K., Chopra J., Shaikh M., D Sa S., Tsimplis V., Ghanchi A., Skene E., Asim K., Zaheer M., Chan S., Dalton H., Gibbons K., Adderley O., Chukwujindu I., Jayasuriya I., Sivanu K., Borumand M., Chick G., Bridges I., Tomlin J., McKenna J., Nandra N., Grieco C., Quek F. F., Mercer R., Brankin-Frisby T., Sattar A., Aslam A., Edelsten E., Shafi S., Kouli T., Ford V., Gurung F., Fernandes M., Deader N., Ponniah R., Jamieson S., Davies A., Taubwurcel J., Aung M. T., Desai R., Begum S., Jamadar T., Kangatharan A., Rzeszowski B., Ho C., Yap S. H. K., Prendergast M., Sethi R., Duku A., Lowe C., Bray J., Ghobrial M., Nichita V., Wagstaff A., Rengasamy E., Abu Hassan F., Mahmood H., Savill N., Shah S., Almeida T., Edwards A., Catchpole B., Halford Z., Carmichael A., Alsusa H., Boyd M., Williams J., Feyi-Waboso J., Patel M., Zeidan Z., Bailey E., Bapty J., Brazkiewicz M., Tremlett A., Pringle H., Mankal S., Chung W., Parry-Jones E., Anderson K., Mcforrester A., Stanley A., Hoather A., Wise H., Laid I., Scriven J., Braniste A., Wilson A., Le Blevec L., Pakunwanich N., Evans N., Chong H. L., White C., Hunter J., Haque M., Vanalia P., Murdoch S., Choudhary T., McCann A., Harun A., Shah H., Hunt S., Shafiq Y., Bickley-Morris E., Emms L., Dare M., Akula Y., Deliyannis E., Mayes F., Ellacott M., Zagorac Z., Farren A., Manning C., Hughed C., Stewart E. G., Lim K. H., Chohan N., Thaker A., Thompson B., Ahari D., Burdekin E., Okwu U., Akintunde A., Lhaf F., Douthwaite J., Govindan R., Leelamanthep S., Gull E., Wright F., Dundas L., Mackdermott N., Burchi-Khairy T., Campbell I., Walsh J., Yeo J. Y., Meehan S., Banerjee D., Fu M., Kawka M., Ali T., Hussain Z., Thomas C., Ahmad H., Moroney J., Yick C., Risquet R., Ntuiabane D., Shimato M., Khan M., Ilangovan S., Vaselli N. M., Smithers R., Uhanowita Marage R., Valnarov-Boulter A., Kayran J., Banerjee M., Parekh-Hill N., Hooper A., Bowen J., Jagdish R., Mcquoid C., Khan N., O Hare R., Jeffery S., Zahid A., Elsworth C., Walter L., Dhillon S., Rao S., Anthony A., Ashaye A., Phillips N., Faderani R., Pengelly S., Choi S., Kwak S. Y., Lau Y. H. L., Bagheri K., Ong D. Y. C., Kerr E., Falconer K., Clancy N., Douglas S., Zhang Y., Greenfield F., Mutanga I., McAlinden J., Willis L., Adefolaju A., Agarwal H., Barter R., Harris G., Spencer G., Lee M. W., V Vadiveloo T., Herbert G., Patel R., Shah M., El Falaha S., Wong C., Soare C., Akram J., Bozhkova L., Ma Y., Vo U. G., Tan H. W. N., Leto L., Kamal M. A., Hadzhieva E., Krastev P., Tonchev P., Kokkinos G., Pozotou I., Sabbagh D., Votava J., St F., Koliakos N., Tsaparas P., Zografos G., Mantas D., Tsourouflis G., Fradelos E., Trigiante G., Labellarte G., Resta G., Capelli G., D'Amore A., Verlingieri V., Campagnaro T., Maffioli A., Viscosi F., De Lucia C., Meneghini S., Fancellu A., Colella M., Biondi A., De Peppo V., Pace U., Albino V., Gattulli D., Piangerelli A., Kalivaci D., Sisto G., Mazzola M., Caneparo A., Lunghi E. G., Nespoli L. C., Angrisani M., Langone A., Gelarda E., Virgilio E., Angelini E., Fornasier C., Asero S., Filippone E., Frongia F., Calo P. G., Panaccio P., Ipponi P., Gili S., Braccio B., Tiesi V., Stolcers K., Kokaine L., Novikovs V., Capel L., Bastiaenen V., Heijmans H., Henriques S., Gan S. Z., Ramanayake H., Nolan M., Temperley H., Ciofic E., Pop B. A., Kurtenkov M., Jovanovic M., Vician M., Egea Arias P., Beltran de Heredia J., Labalde Martinez M., De Santiago Alvarez I., Alvarez-Gallego M., Rodriguez Artigas J. M., Dwidar O., Korkmaz H. K., Eray I. C., Meric S., Aydin R., Cetin B., Karaca B. E., Kuyumcu O. F., Yuksel E., Uprak T. K., Karabulut K., Kavukcu E., Mansor A., Hackett R., Zammit-Maempel M., Sabaratnam R., Maan A., Ferarrio I., Dixon L., Halai H., Sethi S., Nelson L., Grassam-rowe A., Krishnan E., Deeny D., McKeever M., George Pandeth A., Dhavala P., Sreenivasan S., Sundaram Venkatesan G., Zhu L., Atiyah Z., Gregory J., Morey T., Seymour Z., Holdsworth L., Abdelmahmoud S., Bourhill J., Bisheet G., Shaw J., Kulkarni K., Kumarakulasingam P., Pillay S., Al-Habsi R., Kungwengwe G., Richards J., Davoudi K., Ibrahim B., Tailor B., Zayed M., Chen F., Bailey S., Sheefat S., Nawaz G., Pawar R., Marsh S., Sam Z. H., Roy Bentley S., Simpson C., Hughes J., Lim Y., Ooi R., Toh W. H., Mannion P., Lovett A., Kincius A., Hussein S., Kirby E., Beckett R. G., Salmon J., Glynn T., Choo S. Y., Lyons S., Browne D., Ravindran W., Ahmad S., Zhu X., McNulty J., McCarthy L., Ng J., Karmally Z., McTeir K., Hanna M., Tan E., Namdeo S., Schembri R., and Pusey E.
Abstract: Aim: Intraperitoneal drains are often placed during emergency colorectal surgery. However, there is a lack of evidence supporting their use. This study aimed to describe the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal drain placement after emergency colorectal surgery. Method: COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery (COMPASS) is a prospective, international, cohort study into which consecutive adult patients undergoing emergency colorectal surgery were enrolled (from 3 February 2020 to 8 March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included rate and time-to-diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections, rate of surgical site infections (SSIs), time to discharge and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo III–V). Multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate the independent association of the outcomes with drain placement. Results: Some 725 patients (median age 68.0 years; 349 [48.1%] women) from 22 countries were included. The drain insertion rate was 53.7% (389 patients). Following multivariable adjustment, drains were not significantly associated with reduced rates (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, 95% CI: 0.48–5.02, p = 0.457) or earlier detection (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.61–1.90, p = 0.805) of collections. Drains were not significantly associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.67–2.36, p = 0.478), delayed hospital discharge (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.91–1.36, p = 0.303) or increased risk of SSIs (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 0.87–2.99, p = 0.128). Conclusion: This is the first study investigating placement of intraperitoneal drains following emergency colorectal surgery. The safety and clinical benefit of drains remain uncertain. Equipoise exists for randomized trials to define the safety and efficacy of drains in emergency colorectal surgery.
Published: 2023

21. A land evaluation model for irrigated crops using multi-criteria analysis

Author: Abushnaf, Farag, Spence, Kevin, and Rotherham, Ian
Subjects: 633.1
Abstract: This thesis investigated the optimal land suitability for irrigated crop production of barley and wheat in Benghazi region of Libya using multi-criteria analysis (MCA) of fuzzy logic and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In the MCA, fourteen land suitability factors including twelve soil characteristics, topography and erosion hazard were evaluated. Local experts used their experience and assigned different weights based on crop requirements through pairwise comparison matrix. The combination of these methods was aimed at developing existing land evaluation model in the study area that was based on Boolean logic. Three models were developed based on Food and Agriculture Organization Framework: Model 1 was based on existing land evaluation model of Boolean and equal weights; Model 2 was based on Boolean but with difference in weights assigned using AHP; and Model 3 was based on Fuzzy and AHP. The results of these models were compared using crosstab classification (Kappa statistic and overall agreement). On comparison, Model 2 and Model 3 demonstrated higher agreement in spatial distribution of land suitability class than Model 1 for both barley and wheat crops. However, Model 3 is more realistic than the other two models when tested by linear regression. This implies that the application of fuzzy logic and AHP in MCA produces areas that are most suitable for barley and wheat production than would other methods. In practice, however, land management practices by farmers may lead to different yield in the selected suitable area. This thesis makes original contributions in the field of identifying the most suitable land evaluation model for application to crop production improvements. Furthermore, the results of this research will be useful to the Libyan authorities in planning for the optimisation of available land-use for strategic production of barley and wheat crops. This is pertinent to issues of food security. The approaches are transferable to other regions of the world which face similar challenges in domestic food production.
Published: 2014

22. Factors of deterioration of the archaeological sites and protection methods in the archaeological site of Cyrene (Shahat)

Author: Abdulkariem, Ahmad A. Farag and Morkot, Robert
Subjects: 930, Archaeology
Abstract: This thesis examines the factors of deterioration of the archaeological sites in Cyrene. Cyrene is one of the most important archaeological sites in the world, and since 1982 has been on the list of World Heritage Sites, meeting criteria (ii), (iii) and (vi) of the World Heritage List (WHL), relating to human civilization values, aesthetic importance, and developments in architecture or technology. But unfortunately, the site has come under a wide range of threats, duly noted and followed up by The World Heritage Committee. As a result, the Department of Antiquities (DoA) has been asked on more than one occasion to work to find appropriate solutions to protect, save and secure Cyrene. Despite the realization and understanding of these risks and threats by both the Department of Antiquities (DoA) and The World Heritage Committee (WHC), solutions have remained elusive, but new evidence identified by this study has confirmed that there is a very close relationship between good knowledge, the clear classification of deterioration factors and the discovery or creation of solutions for the problem, because clear understanding of these factors is the most important step in finding the right solutions. This thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter provides the geographic and historic introduction, and also describes the archaeology and landscape of the wider site. Moreover, it discusses also the role of travellers and explorers and their work, and the very beginnings of the founding of the Department of Antiquities. The second chapter is about physical deterioration factors and their impact on the monuments. The third chapter has been devoted to discussing the role of human activity in the deterioration of heritage and archaeology in Cyrene. Finally, Chapter IV assesses all the factors of deterioration, and makes proposals to reduce these threats and dangers.
Published: 2014

23. Basic problems of fibre-reinforced structural components when fibres resist bending

Author: Farhat, Ali Farag
Subjects: 515.353, QA299 Analysis, TA 365 Acoustics in engineering. Acoustical engineering
Abstract: This thesis generates certain sets of analytical and approximate solutions to a new class of partial differential equations stemming from a version of asymmetricstress elasticity theory appropriate for the study and prediction of the behaviour of fibre-reinforced materials containing fibres that resist bending. These new solutions are of theoretical and practical interest in the static and dynamic analysis of thinwalled, linearly elastic fibre-reinforced structures influenced by couple-stress and unsymmetric stress due to fibre bending stiffness. The static and free vibration solutions are constructed considering bending resistance fibres in a small deformation of beams and plates. Numerical results for displacements, stresses, couple-stress and natural frequencies of vibration are provided to investigate the influence of the fibres resistance in bending on the deformed beams and plates.
Published: 2013

24. Statistical analysis of mass spectrometry data

Author: Ben-Farag, Suaad Omran S.
Subjects: 539
Abstract: The research described in this thesis can be broadly described by term "statistical analysis of mass spectrometry data". Bioinformatics is a new science which attempts to amalgamate statistical methodology with bring statistical thinking and the biological understanding to area which have previously been void of such. Mass spectrometry which is used to study proteins and their functions, is a relatively new field of bioinformatics research. In this thesis we explore three main themes, all of which tackle a different statistical learning method which arises in mass spectrometry. The main focus of the first theme of the research is on using statistical methods to study fragmentation patterns of mass spectrometry experiments. The analysis contained in this theme has been loosely split into parts: firstly, we calculate a probability of a process called cleavage as part of our preliminary analysis to determine which combination of fragmentation site residues were likely to break. In part two, we apply statistical models to investigate factors influencing the relative intensity of fragment ions formed in tandem mass spectrometry experiments. Separate models were formulated for different types of ions as it was thought that different factors may influence the formation of each type of fragment ion. Statistical regression methods are applied to two types of datasets of mass spectra data: tryptic and nontryptic peptide sequences. We find that several factors have a highly significant influence on the relative intensity of fragment ions formed in the experiment.
Published: 2013

25. Characterisation and modelling of the shear-tension coupling and variability of woven engineering fabrics

Author: Abdiwi, Farag Abdussalm Ali
Subjects: 620.1, TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery, TS Manufactures
Abstract: Woven engineering fabrics generally serve as advanced composite preforms and are an important class of engineering material. This thesis focuses on improving the accuracy of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tools for simulating the deformation of such materials during the press-forming manufacture process. Specifically, this has involved better understanding: (i) the material behaviour during deformation and (ii) the extent and influence of material variability on forming behaviour. To this end, the use of a novel fabric shear test, the BBE test, capable of characterising the shear-tension coupling of engineering fabrics has been used for the first time in an extensive characterisation program, involving three different woven engineering fabrics. Results show a strong dependence of shear compliance on in-plane tension. Wrinkling behaviour during shear has also been characterised using two new analysis methods, a transmitted backlighting technique and a tracer line analysis technique. The onset of wrinkling is clearly shown to be an increasing function of the in-plane tension applied to the deforming fabric. Variability of fibre orientation, otherwise known as ‘tow meander’ can degrade the final mechanical properties of a textile composite part and can also influence measurements of the fabric’s shear compliance. Accordingly, variability of tow orientation in a pre-consolidated textile composite and three engineering fabrics has been characterised using two different image processing methods: a simple manual method and a semi-automated method. The latter has been found to be a promising tool in terms of increasing accuracy and in reducing manual effort during the characterisation process. Modelling tow meander has also been conducted using a numerical code, VarifabGA, that has been developed during the course of this work. The code has allowed the effects of tow meander on shear compliance to be investigated in numerical simulations using a technique of assigning an initial fibre orientation to each element in a Finite Element (FE) mesh before conducting shear test simulations. The experimentally measured shear-tension coupling has also been modelled by enhancing a pre-existing Non-Orthogonal Constitutive Model (NOCM). A comparison between model predictions and experimental results of the sensitivity of this shear-tension coupling has shown that the model provides good results. Finally, a novel geometrically complex 3D forming tool of a kart wheel has been designed and manufactured for use in experimental and numerical forming studies. The part provides a challenging modelling problem with which to demonstrate the use of the new computational tools developed during the course of this work.
Published: 2013

26. Evolving female participation in Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood

Author: Farag, Mona Kamal and Storm, Lise
Subjects: 320.55, Muslim Sisters, Egypt, Muslim Brotherhood, January 25 Revolution
Abstract: This research effort will analyze the level of female political participation within the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) before and after the January 25 revolution, and whether it has changed with the transformation of Egypt’s political climate, governing system and ruling elite. An assessment of the level of female participation within the MB and its political party will occur to determine which significant factors - such as governing regime, cultural influences, security issues - have attributed to the magnitude and level of the Muslim Sisters’ political exposure and electoral activities. More specifically, this research aims to ascertain if the Muslim Sisters experience their full rights as citizens under the leadership of the MB, and whether the MB’s willingness to nominate women is a step towards achieving equality or ‘complementarity’ within its ranks, or the process of fielding female candidates is nothing more than a “democratic façade.” Or is the issue more deeply rooted within the Egyptian, and predominantly Muslim, state and society, and its social norms and existing political structures? The historical context of post-colonial politics and the crisis of authoritarian secular politics will be reviewed as well, as it has contributed to the phenomenon of reinventing the rigid influence of tradition and religion.
Published: 2013

27. Lexical/semantic organisation in bilingual and monolingual infants

Author: Farag, Rafalla and Floccia, Caroline
Subjects: 400, Bilingual children
Abstract: Previous studies show that bilingual infants are slower in developing phonology and tend to experience some difficulties in acquiring some grammatical rules. Furthermore, as compared to their monolingual peers, bilingual infants tend to have less vocabulary. This thesis set out to explore how bilingual infants organise the lexical information in their two languages. Specifically, we examined the lexical-semantic relationships between words within and across languages using a word-to-word priming paradigm. The thesis sought also to uncover any relationship between semantic priming effects and the size of vocabulary. Vocabulary measures such as the BPVS II, the SETK, and the Oxford CDI were used in the experiments, along with an experimental design close to that used in Styles and Plunkett (2009) and Arias-Trejo and Plunkett’s (2009) studies, based on the Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL) paradigm. The basic design was that the infants were presented with a prime word (e.g. ‘dog’) followed by a target word which was related either semantically to the prime (e.g. ‘cat’) or not (e.g. ‘bus’). Immediately thereafter, we presented two images, depicting the target and a distracter, and monitored the looking times towards the images. In Experiment 1, we tested whether upon hearing related prime and target words, as compared to unrelated pairs, 30 month old monolingual infants preferred to look at the target more than the distracter image. This constituted a benchmark priming effect. In Experiment 2, we examined whether the presence of the target word was necessary for a priming effect to occur. The results demonstrated an effect of semantic priming in the word-word condition (Exp.1) but no semantic priming effect was found in the word-image condition (Exp.2). Experiment 3 investigated, in each of their languages, the semantic priming effect in bilingual 30-month-olds (Arabic-English). The overall result revealed a significant semantic priming effect along with a different pattern in Arabic and English. Experiment 4 was designed to investigate, in a cross-linguistic design, semantic priming in bilingual 18-month-old infants and to address the symmetry between forward (L1-L2) and backward (L2-L1) priming. The overall results showed no semantic priming effect; however, infants showed a non-significant tendency for forward (L1-L2) over backward (L2-L1) priming. As controls for the previous experiments, in Experiments 5 and 6 we examined monolingual and bilingual 18-month-olds to explore whether a priming effect could be obtained only in English. The results showed no semantic priming effect and no strong evidence of a naming effect. All the findings suggested that hearing words activated automatically some other words which, in both monolingual and bilingual infants, were related semantically around 30 months of age, but were not found at 18 months in either population. Despite what is reported often about a delay of language in bilingual children, these findings suggest that, although they show a smaller size of vocabulary in each of their languages when compared to monolingual infants, bilingual infants may build the semantic relationship between words at the same time as their monolingual peers, and with similar word-to-word relations.
Published: 2013

28. Essay on price overreaction and price limits in emerging markets : the case of the Egyptian stock exchange

Author: Omar, Hisham Farag
Subjects: 332.64, HG Finance
Abstract: The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the short and long–term overreaction phenomenon in the Egyptian stock market. In addition, the thesis investigates links between stock market regulatory policies (price limits and circuit breakers) and the profitability of contrarian strategies. Finally, the study examines the effect of regime switch – from strict price limits to circuit breakers – on the volatility spillover, delayed price discovery and trading interference hypotheses. Using data from the Egyptian stock exchange, I find that a panel data approach adds a new dimension to the existing models, offers interesting additional insights and reveals the importance of the role of unobservable firm-specific factors in addition to observable factors in the analysis of the overreaction phenomenon. Moreover, portfolios based on unobserved factors i.e. management quality, corporate governance and political connections of board members, significantly outperform traditional portfolios based on size. Results also show evidence of genuine long-term overreaction phenomenon in the Egyptian stock market as the contrarian profits of the arbitrage portfolio cannot be attributed to the small firm effect, formation period length, and stability of time varying factor or seasonality effect. Finally, switching from a strict price limit to a circuit breakers regime increases stock price volatility and disrupts the price discovery mechanism in the Egyptian stock market.
Published: 2012

29. Minimisation of output DC current component in grid-connected inverters for solar power applications

Author: Berba, Farag Hussein Bahri
Subjects: 621.31
Abstract: In grid-connected photovoltaic applications, a supply-frequency output transformer is normally used to isolate the inverter from the supply. This transformer is heavy, costly and adds to the overall power loss. However removal of the output transformer can result in unwanted DC components appearing in the inverter output current. Excessive DC current injection into the distribution network can affect distribution components as well as other loads connected to the network. There are various circuits which can be used to for grid connection without the use of an output transformer. These include the 2-level half-bridge and the H-bridge inverters. These circuits have the disadvantage of the requirement for higher rated power devices or increased EMI problems due to high frequency switching of the DC-link relative to earth. To overcome these problems, a three-level half-bridge inverter circuit is used, where the DC-link voltage can be twice the device voltage rating allowing the use low rated switching devices. The neutral conductor is connected to the mid-point of a split rail supply from PV array, and therefore the DC-link voltage is not switching relative to earth. The aim of this research is to minimise the DC current component in the output of a grid-connected inverter when a supply-frequency output transformer is not used. A three-level diode-clamped half-bridge inverter is proposed to interface the PV panel directly to the utility grid. The main contribution of this research lies in the development of an auto-calibration technique for the DC-link current sensors in the multi-level inverter. Combined with a current feedback control scheme this technique allows the minimisation of DC current offset drift in the Hall-Effect current sensors. Auto-calibrated DC-link current sensors in turn allow the inverter output current controller to minimise the output DC current component in spite of sensor drift and other disturbances. A comprehensive review on the different types of grid-connected PV systems, the problems caused by DC current injection into the grid, and up-to-date techniques to overcome this problem is included. The performance of the auto-calibration technique is investigated using both computer simulation and an experimental test rig.
Published: 2012

30. Sand dune movement and its impact on human activities in the north western coast region of Libya : an analysis of the sediment characteristics of sand dunes, and their movement using satellite images, and the effects of encroachment on farms assessed by a questionnaire survey

Author: Koja, Suliman Farag
Subjects: 551.3, Encroachment, Sand dunes, Sand movement, Farming, Impacts, Spatial analysis, Misurata, Almurgib, Tajoura, Libya
Abstract: Sand movement is one of the many environmental problems facing humans in the dry and semi-dry areas of the world. This study has investigated the observed changes in sand dune coverage compared to predictions, and has also assessed the impact of sand movement on human activity in the north western coastal region of Libya. The study used three methods. The first was a statistical model proposed by Bagnold, which correlates wind shear velocity with particle size, in order to predict likely sand movement. It was found that 60% of sand grains within the study area have a diameter of less than 0.25 mm, making them liable to be moved by the wind speeds recorded, particularly from March until September, and mostly in a northerly direction. The sand in the western part of the study area had a greater predicted rate of sand transport compared with the sand in the eastern part, which was related to its origin. The second method involved the analysis of satellite images for four different years; from 1986 to 2003. The land cover in the study area was found to have changed over this time. Sand dune area cover had increased, and there were other changes particularly a decline in forest. The third method was the use of a questionnaire (the respondents being land owners), which showed that there was notable loss of crop production (by about a quarter) due to sand movement, and that land owners mostly used afforestation to help control the sand movement in the region. The observed sand movement did not match the predictions based solely on sand grain size and wind speed, and climatic analyses showed no convincing trends which could explain increased sand movement except perhaps an increase in wind gusts. The thesis concludes that the overriding determinant in greater sand movement over the period studied was the loss of forest from the area due to human impacts, which farmers are having to compensate for by planting trees locally to reduce sand movement.
Published: 2012

31. Exploring the relationship between the perceived leadership behaviours and job satisfaction at the Libyan petrochemical companies

Author: Al-Sayah, Farag Ali Mohamed
Subjects: 158.7
Abstract: The ever-changing complex business environment has created a need for leaders who can meet the demands and challenges of organisations who are grappling with the new organisational climate, with a real need for improved productivity and competitive performance in order to survive. To achieve this target, it is imperative for both leaders and organisations to change their way of thinking to foster and sustain the motivation and satisfaction levels of their employees for maintaining their competitive edge. This research, hence, aims to explore the relationship between leaders’ leadership behaviours and employees’ level of job satisfaction in two petrochemical companies in Libya: Raslanuf Oil and Gas Processing Company (Rasco) and Harouge Oil Operations Company. The relationship between these two variables and the selected demographic characteristics of the employees - namely age, gender, marital status, number of dependents, job grade, job classification, educational qualifications and tenure - were examined. It should be noted that the literature survey indicates that no previous research conducted on the nexus between the leadership behaviour and its impact on the level of job satisfaction of Libya’s petrochemical companies’ employees. This lack of empirical research, hence, was the primary motivator for this study. The study employed Avolio and Bass (1991) full range of leadership theory (transformational, transactional and lassiez-faire) to determine the leadership behaviours in these two companies. In addition, Herzberg’s job satisfaction theory (1959) which is based on the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) was utilised to measure the level of job satisfaction of employees in the mentioned companies. Structured questionnaires in the form of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) by Bass and Avolio (1995) to measure leadership and the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JSS) by Spector (1997) to measure the level of job satisfaction, were employed as the data collection methods. The sampling frame was comprised of 70 of the 340 leaders, and 280 of the 3481 followers at Rasco Company, and 40 of the 120 leaders and 110 of the 1480 followers for Harouge Company. The study generated an 86.12% response rate (96% for Rasco and 76.25% for Harouge) with 451 participants (110 leaders and 354 followers) who worked at these two Companies at the time of the questionnaire administration. The collected data were computed and analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation, multiple regression analysis, exploratory factor analysis and multiple discriminant analysis to explore the relationships between these variables in a systematic manner. The research findings indicate a statistically significant relationship between transformational leadership dimensions, especially the two dimensions of individual consideration and intellectual stimulation behaviours, and employees’ job satisfaction levels within the two companies. The findings demonstrate that the leaders tend to be perceived by their employees as demonstrating transactional and laissez-faire leadership behaviour more often than transformational behaviour in the case of the two companies analysed. It should, however, be noted that the exercise of a degree of transformational leadership behaviour by leaders was much lower than employees’ expectations showed. There was also a significant association between the employees’ job satisfaction level (which is significantly higher in Rasco than at Harouge), and operation conditions, nature of work, fringe benefits, supervision and communication. Demographic characteristics are further identified as non contributors to the level of job satisfaction.
Published: 2011

32. An Evolutionary Approach to Control Design with Applications

Author: Farag, Adel Omran
Subjects: 003.5
Published: 2010

33. Clustering and Classification with Shape Examples

Author: Shuweihdi, Farag
Subjects: 519
Published: 2009

34. Modulation of the transient outward K+ channel, Kv1.4, by extracellular acidosis, extracellular K+ and polyunsaturated fatty acids

Author: Farag, Noha Elsayed Hassan
Subjects: 616.123
Abstract: During metabolic inhibition caused by myocardial ischemia, the extracellular pH reduces, while the concentrations of extracellular K+ and free polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) increase. Acidosis, raised extracellular K+ and PUFAs nodulate the rapidly inactivating K+ channel, Kv1.4, that contributes to the transient outward K+ current (1to) in the heart, including in the human.
Published: 2009

35. The legality of the Libyan sovereignty over the Gulf of Sirte in the Law of the Sea

Author: Nage, Farag S.
Subjects: 341.45
Abstract: Libya laid a claim to the Gulf of Sirte, based on historical and vital interests in 1973. The claim stated that the Gulf of Sirte was a part of Libya's internal waters over which Libya exercises full control and that the Gulf of Sirte was a historical and vital bay. The purpose of this study is to discuss and analyse the Libyan claim over the Gulf of Sirte as a historical and vital bay and determine whether this claim is supported by international law.
Published: 2008

36. Fundamental studies of enantioselective catalytic hydrogenation of ethyl pyruvate at supported platinum

Author: Elkhaseh, Salem Farag
Subjects: 541.39
Abstract: 1N.F.Dummer, R. Jenkins, X. Li, S.M. Bawaked, P. McMorn, A. Burrows, C.J. Kiely, R.P.K. Wells, D.J. Willock, G. Hutchings, J. Catai, 243 (2006) 165. 2 S. Lavoie, M.-A. Laliberte, I. Temprano, P H. McBreen, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 128 (2006) 7588.
Published: 2008

37. Non-invasive and minimally invasive techniques for urodynamic stress incontinence of urine in women

Author: Ismail, Sharif Ibrahim Muhammad Farag and Killick, Stephen
Subjects: 616.62, Medicine
Abstract: 1. Extra-corporeal magnetic energy stimulation of pelvic floor muscles for urodynamic stress incontinence; Objective: To assess the efficacy and practicalities of extra-corporeal magnetic energy stimulation of pelvic floor muscles as a non-invasive technique for urodynamic stress incontinence of urine in women. Design: Prospective non-controlled study. Setting: 2 district general hospitals. Population: Female patients with urodynamic stress incontinence of urine. Main outcome measures: Pad test, continence diary, quality of life assessment using the King's health and EuroQol questionnaires as well as side effects and drop out. Method; 18, twice weekly sessions. Assessment was made on recruitment, at the end of treatment and at 3 months follow up. Results: 48 patients were recruited, 31 completed treatment sessions and 27 attended for follow up at 3 months. There was no significant change in outcome measures at the end of treatment as well as at 3 months follow up. Side effects were encountered by 52.1 % of patients and the drop out rate was 35.4%. Relevant side effects were significantly more common in those who dropped out. Conclusions; Extra-corporeal magnetic energy stimulation of pelvic floor muscles seems unlikely to improve urodynamic stress incontinence of urine. This appears to be due to the passive nature of the contractions evoked. Side effects are prominent and appear to contribute to the drop out rate. 2. Transvaginal radiofreguency remodelling of the endopelvic fascia for urodynamic stress incontinence due to urethral hypermobility: Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of transvaginal radiofrequency remodelling of the endopelvic fascia as a minimally invasive technique for urodynamic stress incontinence of urine due to urethral hypermobility in women. Design: Prospective non-controlled study. Setting: 3 district general hospitals and 1 university hospital. Population: Female patients with urodynamic stress incontinence of urine due to urethral hypermobility. Main outcome measures: Pad test, urodynamic assessment, continence diary, pain scores and operative as well as post-operative complications. Method: Transvaginal radiofrequency of the endopelvic fascia. Assessment was made on recruitment, during hospital admission and at 3,6 and 12 months follow up. Results: 24 patients were available for analysis. A rising failure rate was noted as early as 3 months, leading to a cumulative cure rate of 36% at 12 months follow up. No major complications were encountered and pain scores were mild. Conclusions: The effectiveness of transvaginal radiofrequency remodelling of the endopelvic fascia for urodynamic stress incontinence of urine due to urethral hypermobility appears to be low. Inherent weakness of the endopelvic fascia appears to be the main reason. The technique has a low complication and pain profile. 3. Comparison between the tension·free vaginal tape (TVT), pelvicol as well as short autologous slings for urodynamic stress incontinence: Objective: To compare the efficacy and morbidity of the tension·free vaginal tape (TVT), pelvicol as well as short autologous slings, as minimally invasive technique for urodynamic stress incontinence of urine in women. Design: Muticentre randomised controlled single blind study. Setting: 4 district general hospitals and 2 teaching university hospitals. Population: Female patients with urodynamic stress incontinence of urine. Main outcome measures: Quality of life and symptom assessment using Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms as well as EuroQol questionnaires, pad test, continence diary, operating time, stay in hospital, operative as well as post-operative complications. Method: Tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) , pelvicol or short autologous sling insertion. Assessment was made on recruitment, during hospital stay and at 6 weeks as well as 6 and 12 months follow up. Results: A total of 181 patients were recruited. An interim analysis of re-operation rate showed a significantly higher rate with pelvicol, necessitating closure of this arm. All pelvicol failures appeared after 6 months, raising the possibility of a delayed reaction. No significant difference was observed between the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and short autologous slings in terms of operative as well as post-operative complications, pad test and continence diary. Operating time and post-operative stay in hospital were significantly shorter following the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) sling than after the short autologous one. This reduces the higher capital cost of the tension free vaginal tape (TVT) sling. There was also a short term advantage in quality of life assessment. Conclusions: Pelvicol slings are associated with a delayed failure, and should not therefore be used for continence surgery. Although both the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and short autologous slings are equally effective and have a comparable complications profile, the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) sling is quicker to insert and is followed by a shorter stay in hospital; 2 features that reduce its higher cost. It is also associated with a better quality of life change in the short term.
Published: 2006

38. Legal analysis of Egypt's implementation of the Trips Agreement against the background of intellectual property rights in the World Trade Organisation

Author: Abou El Farag Balat, Mohamed Salem
Subjects: 340
Published: 2005

39. Microbial reduction of nitrate in irrigated soils after wastewater application

Author: Ben Farag, K. A.
Subjects: 631.4
Abstract: Microbial reduction of nitrate in the top layer of irrigated soils during laboratory incubations was studied using acetylene inhibition and 15N recovery methods. The soils used were from two sites in the Thessaloniki plain in northern Greece. One site was the Galicos River Wastewater Treatment Experiment, where soil cores of clay loam and sandy silt loam were obtained from two areas, each irrigated either with wastewater or fresh water (well water), supplied by furrow for four years. The second site was the Axios Delta, irrigated by flooding, from which clay, clay loam and sandy loam soil cores were obtained. The maximum and minimum denitrification rates in soil cores from the Galicos River Wastewater Treatment Experiment were 2152 and 1.42 µg N kg -1 dry soil day-1 respectively in the presence of 81 µg carbon g-1 dry soil. The maximum and minimum rates observed from soil cores from the Axios Delta were 33,000 and 1.15 µg N kg-1 dry soil day-1 respectively in the presence of natural carbon concentrations at field capacity. A crust layer induced on the surface of repacked and intact soil cores from the Galicos River Wastewater Treatment experiment had no significant effect on denitrification rates. The average losses of nitrogen from the nitrogen fertiliser applied to these cores, and recovered as denitrified N2O gas, after irrigation with wastewater and well water were 42 and 33%, respectively. The corresponding loss of N from the topsoil cores from the Axios Delta was 21%. In addition, 15N recovery indicated that an average of 43 and 51% of the nitrogen fertiliser applied to the Galicos River cores was unaccounted for at the end of incubation. An average of 18% of the nitrogen fertiliser applied to the soil cores from the Axios Delta was unaccounted for at the end of incubation.
Published: 2004

40. Wear and rolling contact fatigue of ductile materials

Author: Alwahdi, Farag Abdullah Mohamed
Subjects: 625.15
Published: 2004

41. Village and school initiatives : an answer to the educational needs of future generations

Author: Farag, Raja Saed
Subjects: 370, Education & training
Published: 2000

42. Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: International matched, prospective, cohort study

Author: Sgro, A, Blanco-Colino, R, Ahmed, W, Brindl, N, Gujjuri, R, Lapolla, P, Mills, E, Perez-Ajates, S, Soares, A, Varghese, C, Xu, W, Mclean, K, Chapman, S, Espin-Basany, E, Glasbey, J, Mihaljevic, A, Nepogodiev, D, Pata, F, Pellino, G, Pockney, P, Dudi-Venkata, N, Egoroff, N, Ludbrook, I, Raubenheimer, K, Richards, T, Delibegovic, S, Salibasic, M, Amjad, T, Dorr-Harim, C, Gedeon, N, Gsenger, J, Tachezy, M, Bini, S, Gallo, G, Gori, A, Picciariello, A, Podda, M, Riboni, C, Machatschek, M, Nguyen, A, Jakubauskas, M, Kryzauskas, M, Poskus, T, Kuiper, S, Wang, J, Wells, C, Bissett, I, Augestad, K, Steinholt, I, Vieira, B, Juloski, J, Anabitarte Bautista, O, El Kasmy El Kasmy, Y, Martin-Borregon, P, Ossola Revilla, M, Van Straten, S, Aktas, M, Baki, B, Akhbari, M, Baker, D, Bhatia, S, Brown, S, Cambridge, W, Kamarajah, S, Khaw, R, Kouli, O, Murray, V, Trout, I, Yasin, I, Wong, J, Reyhani, H, Wong, K, Pancharatnam, R, Chia, W, Walmsley, A, Hassane, A, Saeed, D, Wang, B, Walters, B, Nowinka, Z, Alsaif, A, Mirza, M, Foster, K, Luu, J, Kakodkar, P, Hughes, J, Yogarajah, T, Antypas, A, Rahman, A, Bradbury, M, Mclarnon, M, Nagi, S, Riad, A, Erotocritou, M, Kyriacou, H, Kaminskaite, V, Alfadhel, S, Fatimah Hussain, Q, Handa, A, Massy-Westropp, C, Custovic, S, Dimov, R, Mughal, H, Slavchev, M, Ivanov, T, Gouvas, N, Hegazi, A, Kocian, P, Kjaer, M, Mark-Christensen, A, Papakonstantinou, D, Machairas, N, Triantafyllou, T, Garoufalia, Z, Korkolis, D, Castaldi, A, Giaccari, S, Spolverato, G, Pagano, G, Milone, M, Turri, G, Colombo, F, Cucinotta, E, Poillucci, G, Perra, T, Tutino, R, Belia, F, Coletta, D, Belli, A, Rega, D, Cianci, P, Pirozzolo, G, Di Lena, M, Perrone, F, Giani, A, Lovisetto, F, Grassia, M, Pipitone Federico, N, Ferrara, F, Biancafarina, A, Tamini, N, Sinibaldi, G, Tuminello, F, Galleano, R, Sasia, D, Bragaglia, L, de Manzoni Garberini, A, Pesce, A, Cassaro, F, Venturelli, P, Canu, G, Esposito, G, Campanelli, M, Cardia, R, Ricciardiello, M, Sagnotta, A, Canonico, G, De Marco, G, Cappiello, A, Pinotti, E, Carlei, F, Lisi, G, Bagaglini, G, Farrugia, M, Meima-Van Praag, E, Monteiro, C, Pereira, M, Botelho, P, Quigley, A, O'Neill, A, Gaule, L, Crone, L, Arnold, A, Grama, F, Beuca, A, Tulina, I, Litvin, A, Panyko, A, Ossola, M, Trujillo Diaz, J, Marin Santos, J, Alonso Batanero, E, Gortazar de las Casas, S, Soldevila Verdeguer, C, Colas-Ruiz, E, Talal El-Abur, I, Garcia Dominguez, M, Delorme, M, Sauvain, M, Ozmen, B, Ozkan, B, Calikoglu, F, Kural, S, Zafer, F, Kaya, Y, Yalcinkaya, A, Kargici, K, Tepe, M, Tatar, O, Kabadayi, E, Yildirim, A, Hurmuzlu, D, Korkmaz, K, Sharma, P, Troller, R, Hagan, N, Mooney, J, Light, A, Tansey, M, Bhojwani, D, Mcging, R, Mallon, A, Fadel, M, Spilsbury, C, James, R, O'Brien, S, Isaac, A, Balasubramanya, S, Sadik, H, Gala, T, Chen, J, Turner, B, Goh, E, Hassan, K, Karam, M, Mason, P, Tzoumas, N, Noton, T, Seehra, J, Ahmed, N, Motiwale, R, Tanna, V, Argyriou, A, Bylapudi, S, Grace, N, Latif, S, Hounat, A, Kiam, J, Zaidi, M, Elsamani, K, Hughes, C, Suresh, A, Sinan, L, El-Dalil, D, Khoo, E, Salim, E, Stark, D, Minhas, N, Fowler, G, Rees, E, Giudiceandrea, I, Bardon, A, Jayawardena, P, Dieseru, N, Murphy, A, Yates, C, Ziolkowska, K, Rafie, A, Khoda, F, Okocha, M, Ashdown, T, Vitish-Sharma, P, Gilliland, J, Toh, S, Jones, K, Devine, A, Berry, A, Mcdonnell, S, Olivier, J, Richardson, G, Lim, H, Slim, N, Elsayeh, K, Sammour, T, Sarpanov, A, Belev, N, Dimitrov, D, Dusek, T, Ntomi, V, Sotiropoulos, G, Theodorou, D, Nikiteas, N, Balalis, D, Antropoli, C, Altomare, D, Luglio, G, De Palma, G, Pedrazzani, C, Simonelli, L, Brozzetti, S, Porcu, A, Massani, M, Grazi, G, Izzo, F, Delrio, P, Restini, E, Chetta, G, Lantone, G, Ferrari, G, Lucchi, A, De Prizio, M, Caristo, G, Borghi, F, Petrucciani, N, Huscher, C, Cocorullo, G, Tonini, V, Medas, F, Sica, G, Cillara, N, Anastasi, A, Bianco, F, Giuliani, A, Carlini, M, Selvaggi, F, Sammarco, G, Ozolins, A, Malasonoks, A, Andrejevic, P, Tanis, P, van de Ven, A, Gerhards, M, Ribeiro da Silva, B, Silva, A, Lima, M, Kavanagh, D, Mccawley, N, Bintintan, V, Karamarkovic, A, Sanz Ortega, G, De Andres-Asenjo, B, Nevado Garcia, C, Garcia Florez, L, Segura-Sampedro, J, Blas Laina, J, Ponchietti, L, Buchwald, P, Gialamas, E, Ozben, V, Rencuzogullari, A, Gecim, I, Altinel, Y, Isik, O, Yoldas, T, Isik, A, Leventoglu, S, Erturk, M, Guner, A, Guler, S, Attaallah, W, Ugur, M, Ozbalci, G, Marzook, H, Eardley, N, Smolarek, S, Morgan, R, Roxburgh, C, Lala, A, Salama, Y, Singh, B, Khanna, A, Evans, M, Shaikh, I, Maradi Thippeswamy, K, Appleton, B, Moug, S, Smith, I, Smart, N, Shah, P, Williams, G, Khera, G, Goede, A, Varcada, M, Parmar, C, Duff, S, Hargest, R, Marriott, P, Speake, D, Ben Sassi, A, Furfaro, B, Daudu, D, Golijanin, N, Yek, W, Capasso, G, Mansour, L, Niu, N, Seow, W, Hamidovic, A, Kulovic, E, Letic, E, Aljic, A, Helez, M, Banji-Kelan, A, Dimitrova, N, Kavradjieva, P, Ivanov, V, Jukaku, A, Hadzhiev, D, Gabarski, A, Karamanliev, M, Vladova, P, Iliev, S, Yotsov, T, Vetsa, K, Stavrinidou, O, Papatheodorou, P, Liassides, T, Georgiou, T, Al Nassrallah, M, Altaf, R, Negametzyanov, M, Zagibova, D, Foltys, F, Stefanova, H, Paspala, A, Bompetsi, G, Sidiropoulos, T, Stamopoulos, P, Triantafyllou, A, Theodoropoulos, C, Kimpizi, A, Palyvou, T, Charalabopoulos, A, Syllaios, A, Schizas, D, Liatsou, E, Baili, E, Vagios, I, Tomara, N, Davakis, S, Palumbo, A, Foroni, F, Dibra, R, Papagni, V, Urbani, A, Rossin, E, Nezi, G, Romano, P, Amendola, A, Esposito, E, Manigrasso, M, Anoldo, P, Vertaldi, S, Gecchele, G, Sabrina, Z, Guerci, C, Cammarata, F, Lamperti, G, Zaffaroni, G, Benuzzi, L, Ferrario, L, Cigognini, M, Mazzeo, C, Badessi, G, Pintabona, G, Fassari, A, Mingoli, A, Cirillo, B, D'Alterio, C, Brachini, G, Tancredi, M, Zambon, M, Aulicino, M, Sapienza, P, Liberatore, P, Scanu, A, Feo, C, Iacomino, A, Pelizzo, P, Rossi, S, Vigna, S, Grossi, U, Grillo, V, Agnes, A, Schena, C, Marincola, G, Oddi, A, Perotti, B, Mario, V, Perri, P, Zazza, S, Aversano, A, Scala, D, Di Lauro, K, Leongito, M, Piccirillo, M, Patrone, R, Capuzzolo, S, Vignotto, C, Bao, Q, Giuseppe, C, Angarano, E, Marino, F, Pezzolla, F, Gigante, G, Magistro, C, Crippa, J, Maspero, M, Carnevali, P, Trapani, R, Zonta, S, Agostinelli, L, Vittori, L, Romeo, L, Doria, E, Farnesi, F, Danna, R, Andolfi, E, Pellicano', G, Angelini, M, Scricciolo, M, Zanframundo, C, Ciulli, C, Ripamonti, L, Cigagna, L, Oldani, M, Larcinese, A, Rossi, D, Picone, E, Crescentini, G, Marano, A, Migliore, M, Giuffrida, M, Palagi, S, Testa, V, Borrello, A, Lucarini, A, Garofalo, E, Canali, G, Orlandi, P, Nervegna, F, Marchegiani, F, Damoli, I, Licata, A, Trovato, C, Alicata, F, Sardo, F, Milazzo, M, Randisi, B, Dominici, D, Sartarelli, L, Zanni, M, Pisanu, A, Soddu, C, Delogu, D, Erdas, E, Campus, F, Cappellacci, F, Casti, F, Marcialis, J, Atzeni, J, Sensi, B, Franceschilli, M, Bellato, V, Cannavera, A, Putzu, G, di Mola, F, Picardi, B, Solinas, L, Loponte, M, Rossi del Monte, S, Di Martino, C, Linari, C, Spagni, G, Capezzuoli, L, Tirloni, L, Nelli, T, Caridi, A, Elter, C, Camassa, M, D'Amico, S, Bargellini, T, Incollingo, P, Montuori, M, Maffione, F, Romano, L, Valiyeva, S, Spoletini, D, Menegon Tasselli, F, Sciaudone, G, Selvaggi, L, Menna, M, De Paola, G, Fulginiti, S, Truskovs, A, Weiss, C, Saknitis, G, Rauscher, J, Larnovskis, J, Jeyarajan-Davidsson, M, Nitisa, D, Gille, N, Reiser, S, Roshan, M, Leseman, C, van Dalen, A, Top, C, Detering, R, Matos, C, Silva, C, Pinto, D, Mendes, J, Couto, J, Leite, M, Velez, C, Damasio Cotovio, M, Cinza, A, Pedroso de Lima, R, Boyle, E, Yang, H, Banerjee, I, Rahmat, S, Afzal, Z, Reid, C, Dumitrascu, F, Croyle, J, Gressmann, K, Cullen, N, Graham, A, Nasehi, A, Montano King, C, Martin, B, Stokell, C, Sanderson, N, Farnan, R, Jassim, S, Chan, B, Chua Vi Long, K, Kaka, N, Pandey, S, Neo, W, Chitul, A, Bezede, C, Cincilei, D, David, A, Blaga, M, Blaga, S, Fagarasan, V, Khetagurova, M, Rodimov, S, Kapustina, A, Mekhralyzade, A, Zabiyaka, M, Jankovic, U, Cuk, V, Hajska, M, Dubovsky, M, Hrosova, M, Ferancikova, N, Camarero Rodriguez, E, Laguna Alcantara, F, Adarraga, J, Jezieniecki, C, Ruiz Soriano, M, Gomez Sanz, T, Suarez, A, Sanchez Garcia, C, Cifrian Canales, I, Llosa Perez, J, Merayo, M, Urbieta, A, Gegundez Simon, A, Tone, J, Gazo Martinez, J, Vicario Bravo, M, Chavarrias, N, Gil Catalan, A, Oseira, A, Villalonga, B, Jeri, S, Perez Calvo, J, Nogues, A, Cros, B, Yanez, C, Utrilla Fornals, A, Roldon Golet, M, Colsa, P, Gimenez Maurel, T, Axmarker, T, Chevallay, M, Pham, T, Sel, E, Atar, C, Aba, M, Sarkin, M, Akkaya, Y, Durmaz, A, Gullu, H, Boga, A, Aktas, A, Bakar, B, Demirel, M, Hysejni, X, Taser, M, Guzel, O, Bozbiyik, O, Ozen, D, Olmez, M, Uyar, B, Gulcek, E, Kayacan, G, Atici, N, Gul, O, Altiner, S, Ibis, B, Altunsu, S, Banaz, T, Diler, C, Demirbas, I, Usta, M, Erkul, O, Orman, R, Salih, S, Utkan, N, Acil, C, Ozgur, E, Maddahali, M, Turhan, A, Eskici, A, Ular, B, Dogru, M, Ozturk, O, Arslan, E, Panahi Sharif, A, Dikmen, E, Ates, J, Bircan, R, Cavus, T, Sever, A, Balak, B, Duman, E, Altay, L, Emanet, O, Cullen, F, Tan, J, Nathan, A, Rottenberg, A, Williams, C, Mitrofan, C, Xu, D, Bawa, J, Morris, P, Gordon, D, Richmond, G, Hui, J, Ighomereho, O, Rocks, R, Mccabe, S, Fitzpatrick, A, Nicoletti, J, Auterson, L, Darrah, N, Soh, V, Ong, C, Utukuri, M, Gallagher, C, Stuart, L, Hipolito, M, Douglas, N, Ghazal, R, Parris, G, Catchpole, J, Bryden, M, Jamal, S, Karim, Z, Lyon-Dean, C, Rowley, G, Lee, K, Whitehurst, O, Mirza, A, Sheikh, F, Yousaf, H, Bilbao, J, Sinclair, R, Takar, S, Kressel, H, Chan, V, Schack, K, Osborne, R, Baldemor, S, Smyth, S, Gilmour, S, Ting, A, Bozonelou, I, Saunders, P, Qhaireel Anwar, Q, Tirimanna, R, Jauhari, S, Gardener, A, Walker, B, Wenban, C, Reddy, H, Conway-Jones, R, Loganathan, S, Clynch, A, James, C, Matey, E, Cameron, F, Roberts, W, Gicquel, A, Milliken, C, Forbes, J, Rubinchik, P, Azmi, A, Hawkes, C, Cornett, L, Adarkwah, P, Mcconville, R, O'Hara, S, Tijare, C, 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H., Chohan N., Thaker A., Thompson B., Ahari D., Burdekin E., Okwu U., Akintunde A., Lhaf F., Douthwaite J., Govindan R., Leelamanthep S., Gull E., Wright F., Dundas L., Mackdermott N., Burchi-Khairy T., Campbell I., Walsh J., Yeo J. Y., Meehan S., Banerjee D., Fu M., Kawka M., Ali T., Hussain Z., Thomas C., Ahmad H., Moroney J., Yick C., Risquet R., Ntuiabane D., Shimato M., Khan M., Ilangovan S., Vaselli N. M., Smithers R., Uhanowita Marage R., Valnarov-Boulter A., Kayran J., Banerjee M., Parekh-Hill N., Hooper A., Bowen J., Jagdish R., McQuoid C., Khan N., O'Hare R., Jeffery S., Zahid A., Elsworth C., Walter L., Dhillon S., Rao S., Anthony A., Ashaye A., Phillips N., Faderani R., Pengelly S., Choi S., Kwak S. Y., Lau Y. H. L., Bagheri K., Ong D. Y. C., Kerr E., Falconer K., Clancy N., Douglas S., Zhang Y., Greenfield F., Mutanga I., McAlinden J., Willis L., Adefolaju A., Agarwal H., Barter R., Harris G., Spencer G., Lee M. W., Vadiveloo V. T., Herbert G., Patel R., Shah M., El Falaha S., Wong C., Soare C., Akram J., Bozhkova L., Ma Y., Vo U. G., Tan H. W. N., Leto L., Kamal M. A., Hadzhieva E., Krastev P., Tonchev P., Kokkinos G., Pozotou I., Sabbagh D., Votava J., St F., Koliakos N., Tsaparas P., Zografos G., Mantas D., Tsourouflis G., Fradelos E., Trigiante G., Labellarte G., Resta G., Capelli G., D'Amore A., Verlingieri V., Campagnaro T., Maffioli A., Viscosi F., De Lucia C., Meneghini S., Fancellu A., Colella M., Biondi A., De Peppo V., Pace U., Albino V., Gattulli D., Piangerelli A., Kalivaci D., Sisto G., Mazzola M., Caneparo A., Lunghi E. G., Nespoli L. C., Angrisani M., Langone A., Gelarda E., Virgilio E., Angelini E., Fornasier C., Asero S., Filippone E., Frongia F., Calo P. G., Panaccio P., Ipponi P., Gili S., Braccio B., Tiesi V., Stolcers K., Kokaine L., Novikovs V., Capel L., Bastiaenen V., Heijmans H., Henriques S., Gan S. Z., Ramanayake H., Nolan M., Temperley H., Ciofic E., Pop B. A., Kurtenkov M., Jovanovic M., Vician M., Egea Arias P., Beltran de Heredia J., Labalde Martinez M., De Santiago Alvarez I., Alvarez-Gallego M., Rodriguez Artigas J. M., Dwidar O., Korkmaz H. K., Eray I. C., Meric S., Aydin R., Cetin B., Karaca B. E., Kuyumcu O. F., Yuksel E., Uprak T. K., Karabulut K., Kavukcu E., Mansor A., Hackett R., Zammit-Maempel M., Sabaratnam R., Maan A., Ferarrio I., Dixon L., Halai H., Sethi S., Nelson L., Grassam-Rowe A., Krishnan E., Deeny D., McKeever M., George Pandeth A., Dhavala P., Sreenivasan S., Sundaram Venkatesan G., Zhu L., Atiyah Z., Gregory J., Morey T., Seymour Z., Holdsworth L., Abdelmahmoud S., Bourhill J., Bisheet G., Shaw J., Kulkarni K., Kumarakulasingam P., Pillay S., Al-Habsi R., Kungwengwe G., Richards J., Davoudi K., Ibrahim B., Tailor B., Zayed M., Chen F., Bailey S., Sheefat S., Nawaz G., Pawar R., Marsh S., Sam Z. H., Roy Bentley S., Simpson C., Hughes J., Lim Y., Ooi R., Toh W. 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A., Kurtenkov M., Jovanovic M., Vician M., Egea Arias P., Beltran de Heredia J., Labalde Martinez M., De Santiago Alvarez I., Alvarez-Gallego M., Rodriguez Artigas J. M., Dwidar O., Korkmaz H. K., Eray I. C., Meric S., Aydin R., Cetin B., Karaca B. E., Kuyumcu O. F., Yuksel E., Uprak T. K., Karabulut K., Kavukcu E., Mansor A., Hackett R., Zammit-Maempel M., Sabaratnam R., Maan A., Ferarrio I., Dixon L., Halai H., Sethi S., Nelson L., Grassam-Rowe A., Krishnan E., Deeny D., McKeever M., George Pandeth A., Dhavala P., Sreenivasan S., Sundaram Venkatesan G., Zhu L., Atiyah Z., Gregory J., Morey T., Seymour Z., Holdsworth L., Abdelmahmoud S., Bourhill J., Bisheet G., Shaw J., Kulkarni K., Kumarakulasingam P., Pillay S., Al-Habsi R., Kungwengwe G., Richards J., Davoudi K., Ibrahim B., Tailor B., Zayed M., Chen F., Bailey S., Sheefat S., Nawaz G., Pawar R., Marsh S., Sam Z. H., Roy Bentley S., Simpson C., Hughes J., Lim Y., Ooi R., Toh W. H., Mannion P., Lovett A., Kincius A., Hussein S., Kirby E., Beckett R. G., Salmon J., Glynn T., Choo S. Y., Lyons S., Browne D., Ravindran W., Ahmad S., Zhu X., McNulty J., McCarthy L., Ng J., Karmally Z., McTeir K., Hanna M., Tan E., Namdeo S., Schembri R., and Pusey E.
Abstract: Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P < 0.001) and an increased risk of S
Published: 2022

43. Global multi-stakeholder endorsement of the MAFLD definition

Author: Mendez-Sanchez, N, Bugianesi, E, Gish, R, Lammert, F, Tilg, H, Nguyen, M, Sarin, S, Fabrellas, N, Zelber-Sagi, S, Fan, J, Shiha, G, Targher, G, Zheng, M, Chan, W, Vinker, S, Kawaguchi, T, Castera, L, Yilmaz, Y, Korenjak, M, Spearman, C, Ungan, M, Palmer, M, El-Shabrawi, M, Gruss, H, Dufour, J, Dhawan, A, Wedemeyer, H, George, J, Valenti, L, Fouad, Y, Romero-Gomez, M, Eslam, M, Abate, M, Abbas, B, Abbassy, A, Abd El Ghany, W, Abd Elkhalek, A, Abd ElMajeed, E, Abdalgaber, M, Abdallah, M, Abdallah, N, Abdelaleem, S, Abdelghani, Y, Abdelghany, W, Abdelhalim, S, Abdelhamid, W, Abdelhamid, N, Abdelkader, N, Abdelkreem, E, Abdelmohsen, A, Abdelrahman, A, Abd-elsalam, S, Abdeltawab, D, Abduh, A, Abdulhakam, N, Abdulla, M, Abedpoor, N, Abenavoli, L, Aberg, F, Ablack, O, Abo elftouh, M, Abo-Amer, Y, Aboubkr, A, Aboud, A, Abouelnaga, A, Aboufarrag, G, Aboutaleb, A, Abundis, L, Adali, G, Adames, E, Adams, L, Adda, D, Adel, N, Adel Sayed, M, Afaa, T, Afredj, N, Aghayeva, G, Aghemo, A, Aguilar-Salinas, C, Ahlenstiel, G, Ahmady, W, Ahmed, W, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, R, Aigner, E, Akarsu, M, Akroush, M, Akyuz, U, Al Mahtab, M, Al Qadiri, T, Al Rawahi, Y, AL rubaee, R, Al Saffar, M, Alam, S, Al-Ani, Z, Albillos, A, Alboraie, M, Al-Busafi, S, Al-Emam, M, Alharthi, J, Ali, K, Ali, B, Ali, M, Ali, R, Alisi, A, AL-Khafaji, A, Alkhatry, M, Aller, R, Almansoury, Y, Al-Naamani, K, Alnakeeb, A, Alonso, A, Alqahtani, S, Alrabadi, L, Alswat, K, Altaher, M, Altamimi, T, Altamirano, J, Alvares-da-Silva, M, Aly, E, Alzahaby, A, Alzamzamy, A, Amano, K, Amer, M, Amin, M, Amin, S, Amir, A, Ampuero, J, Anas, N, Andreone, P, Andriamandimby, S, Anees, M, Angela, P, Antonios, M, Arafat, W, Araya, J, Armendariz-Borunda, J, Armstrong, M, Ashktorab, H, Aspichueta, P, Assal, F, Atef, M, Attia, D, Atwa, H, Awad, R, Awad, M, Awny, S, Awolowo, O, Awuku, Y, Ayada, I, Aye, T, Ayman, S, Ayman, H, Ayoub, H, Azmy, H, Babaran, R, Badreldin, O, Badry, A, Bahcecioglu, I, Bahour, A, Bai, J, Balaban, Y, Balasubramanyam, M, Bamakhrama, K, Banales, J, Bangaru, B, Bao, J, Barahona, J, Barakat, S, Barbalho, S, Barbra, B, Barranco, B, Barrera, F, Baumann, U, Bazeed, S, Bech, E, Benayad, A, Benesic, A, Bernstein, D, Bessone, F, Birney, S, Bisseye, C, Blake, M, Bobat, B, Bonfrate, L, Bordin, D, Bosques-Padilla, F, Boursier, J, Boushab, B, Bowen, D, Bravo, P, Brennan, P, Bright, B, Broekaert, I, Buque, X, Burgos-Santamaria, D, Burman, J, Busetto, L, Byrne, C, Cabral-Prodigalidad, P, Cabrera-Alvarez, G, Cai, W, Cainelli, F, Caliskan, A, Canbay, A, Cano-Contreras, A, Cao, H, Cao, Z, Carrion, A, Carubbi, F, Casanovas, T, Castellanos Fernandez, M, Chai, J, Chan, S, Charatcharoenwitthaya, P, Chavez-Tapia, N, Chayama, K, Chen, J, Chen, L, Chen, Z, Chen, H, Chen, S, Chen, Q, Chen, Y, Chen, G, Chen, E, Chen, F, Chen, P, Cheng, R, Cheng, W, Chieh, J, Chokr, I, Cholongitas, E, Choudhury, A, Chowdhury, A, Chukwudike, E, Ciardullo, S, Clayton, M, Clement, K, Cloa, M, Coccia, C, Collazos, C, Colombo, M, Cosar, A, Cotrim, H, Couillerot, J, Coulibaly, A, Crespo, G, Crespo, J, Cruells, M, Cua, I, Dabbous, H, Dalekos, G, D'Alia, P, Dan, L, Dao, V, Darwish, M, Datz, C, Davalos-Moscol, M, Dawoud, H, de Careaga, B, de Knegt, R, de Ledinghen, V, de Silva, J, Debzi, N, Decraecker, M, Del Pozo, E, Delgado, T, Delgado-Blanco, M, Dembinski, L, Depina, A, Derbala, M, Desalegn, H, Desbois-Mouthon, C, Desoky, M, Dev, A, Di Ciaula, A, Diago, M, Diallo, I, Diaz, L, Dirchwolf, M, Dongiovanni, P, Dorofeyev, A, Dou, X, Douglas, M, Doulberis, M, Dovia, C, Doyle, A, Dragojevic, I, Drenth, J, Duan, X, Dulskas, A, Dumitrascu, D, Duncan, O, Dusabejambo, V, Dwawhi, R, Eiketsu, S, El Amrousy, D, El Deeb, A, El Deriny, G, El Din, H, El Kamshishy, S, El Kassas, M, El Raziky, M, Elagamy, O, Elakel, W, Elalfy, D, Elaraby, H, Elawady, H, Elbadawy, R, Eldash, H, Eldefrawy, M, Elecharri, C, Elfaramawy, A, Elfatih, M, Elfiky, M, Elgamsy, M, Elgendy, M, El-Guindi, M, Elhussieny, N, Eliwa, A, Elkabbany, Z, El-Khayat, H, El-Koofy, N, Elmetwalli, A, Elrabat, A, El-Raey, F, Elrashdy, F, Elsahhar, M, Elsaid, E, Elsayed, S, Elsayed, H, Elsayed, A, El-Serafy, M, Elsharkawy, A, Elsheemy, R, Elshemy, E, Elsherbini, S, Eltoukhy, N, Elwakil, R, Emad, O, Emad, S, Embabi, M, Ergenc, I, Ermolova, T, Esmat, G, Esmat, D, Estupinan, E, Ettair, S, Eugen, T, Ezz-Eldin, M, Falcon, L, Fan, Y, Fandari, S, Farag, M, Farahat, T, Fares, E, Fares, M, Fassio, E, Fathy, H, Fathy, D, Fathy, W, Fayed, S, Feng, D, Feng, G, Fernandez-Bermejo, M, Ferreira, C, Ferrer, J, Forbes, A, Fouad, R, Fouad, H, Frisch, T, Fujii, H, Fukunaga, S, Fukunishi, S, Fulya, H, Furuhashi, M, Gaber, Y, Galang, A, Gallardo, J, Galloso, R, Gamal, M, Gamal, R, Gamal, H, Gan, J, Ganbold, A, Gao, X, Garas, G, Garba, T, Garcia-Cortes, M, Garcia-Monzon, C, Garcia-Samaniego, J, Gastaldelli, A, Gatica, M, Gatley, E, Gegeshidze, T, Geng, B, Ghazinyan, H, Ghoneem, S, Giacomelli, L, Giannelli, G, Giannini, E, Giefer, M, Gines, P, Girala, M, Giraudi, P, Goh, G, Gomaa, A, Gong, B, Gonzales, D, Gonzalez, H, Gonzalez-Huezo, M, Graupera, I, Grgurevic, I, Gronbaek, H, Gu, X, Guan, L, Gueye, I, Guingane, A, Gul, O, Gul, C, Guo, Q, Gupta, P, Gurakar, A, Gutierrez, J, Habib, G, Hafez, A, Hagman, E, Halawa, E, Hamdy, O, Hamed, A, Hamed, D, Hamid, S, Hamoudi, W, Han, Y, Haridy, J, Haridy, H, Harris, D, Hart, M, Hasan, F, Hashim, A, Hassan, I, Hassan, A, Hassan, E, Hassan, M, Hassanin, F, Hassnine, A, Haukeland, J, Hawal, A, He, J, He, Q, He, Y, He, F, Hegazy, M, Hegazy, A, Henegil, O, Hernandez, N, Hernandez-Guerra, M, Higuera-de-la-Tijera, F, Hindy, I, Hirota, K, Ho, L, Hodge, A, Hosny, M, Hou, X, Huang, J, Huang, Y, Huang, Z, Huang, A, Huang, X, Hui-ping, S, Hunyady, B, Hussein, M, Hussein, O, Hussien, S, Ibanez-Samaniego, L, Ibdah, J, Ibrahim, L, Ibrahim, M, Ibrahim, I, Icaza-Chavez, M, Idelbi, S, Idilman, R, Ikeda, M, Indolfi, G, Invernizzi, F, Irshad, I, Isa, H, Iskandar, N, Ismaiel, A, Ismail, M, Ismail, Z, Ismail, F, Iwamoto, H, Jack, K, Jacob, R, Jafarov, F, Jafri, W, Jahshan, H, Jalal, P, Jancoriene, L, Janicko, M, Jayasena, H, Jefferies, M, Jha, V, Ji, F, Ji, Y, Jia, J, Jiang, C, Jiang, N, Jiang, Z, Jin, X, Jin, Y, Jing, X, Jingyu, Q, Jinjolava, M, Jong, F, Jucov, A, Julius, I, Kaddah, M, Kamada, Y, Kamal, A, Kamal, E, Kamel, A, Kao, J, Karin, M, Karlas, T, Kashwaa, M, Katsidzira, L, Kaya, E, Kayasseh, M, Keenan, B, Keklikkiran, C, Keml, W, Khalaf, D, Khalefa, R, Khamis, S, Khater, D, Khattab, H, Khavkin, A, Khlynova, O, Khmis, N, Kobyliak, N, Koffas, A, Koike, K, Kok, K, Koller, T, Komas, N, Korochanskaya, N, Koulla, Y, Koya, S, Kraft, C, Kraja, B, Krawczyk, M, Kuchay, M, Kulkarni, A, Kumar, A, Kumar, M, Lakoh, S, Lam, P, Lan, L, Lange, N, Lankarani, K, Lanthier, N, Lapshyna, K, Lashen, S, Laure, K, Lazebnik, L, Lebrec, D, Lee, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Leeming, D, Leite, N, Leon, R, Lesmana, C, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, Y, Li, L, Li, M, Liang, H, Lijuan, T, Lim, S, Lim, L, Lin, S, Lin, H, Lin, R, Lithy, R, Liu, Y, Liu, X, Liu, W, Liu, S, Liu, K, Liu, T, Lonardo, A, Lopez, M, Lopez-Benages, E, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Lu, H, Lu, L, Lu, Y, Lubel, J, Lui, R, Lupasco, I, Luzina, E, Lv, X, Lynch, K, Ma, H, Machado, M, Maduka, N, Madzharova, K, Magdaong, R, Mahadeva, S, Mahfouz, A, Mahmood, N, Mahmoud, E, Mahrous, M, Maiwall, R, Majeed, A, Majumdar, A, Mak, L, Maklouf, M, Malekzadeh, R, Mandato, C, Mangia, A, Mann, J, Mansour, H, Mansouri, A, Mantovani, A, Mao, J, Maramag, F, Marchesini, G, Marcus, C, Marinho, R, Martinez-Chantar, M, Martins, A, Marwan, R, Mason, K, Masoud, G, Massoud, M, Matamoros, M, Mateos, R, Mawed, A, Mbanya, J, Mbendi, C, Mccolaugh, L, Mcleod, D, Medina, J, Megahed, A, Mehrez, M, Memon, I, Merat, S, Mercado, R, Mesbah, A, Meskini, T, Metwally, M, Metwaly, R, Miao, L, Micah, E, Miele, L, Milivojevic, V, Milovanovic, T, Mina, Y, Mishkovik, M, Mishriki, A, Mitchell, T, Mohamed, A, Mohamed, M, Mohamed, S, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, A, Mohan, V, Mohie, S, Mokhtar, A, Moniem, R, Montilla, M, Morales, J, Morata, M, Moreno-Planas, J, Morise, S, Mosaad, S, Moselhy, M, Mostafa, A, Mostafa, E, Mouane, N, Mousa, N, Moustafa, H, Msherif, A, Muller, K, Munoz, C, Munoz-Urribarri, A, Murillo, O, Mustapha, F, Muzurovic, E, Nabil, Y, Nafady, S, Nagamatsu, A, Nakajima, A, Nakano, D, Nan, Y, Nascimbeni, F, Naseef, M, Nashat, N, Natalia, T, Negro, F, Nersesov, A, Neuman, M, Ng'Wanasayi, M, Ni, Y, Nicoll, A, Niizeki, T, Nikolova, D, Ningning, W, Niriella, M, Nogoibaeva, K, Nordien, R, O Sullivan, C, O'Beirne, J, Obekpa, S, Ocama, P, Ochwoto, M, Ogolodom, M, Ojo, O, Okrostsvaridze, N, Oliveira, C, Omana, R, Omar, O, Omar, H, Omar, M, Omran, S, Omran, R, Osman, M, Owise, N, Owusu-Ansah, T, Padilla- Machaca, P, Palle, S, Pan, Z, Pan, X, Pan, Q, Papaefthymiou, A, Paquissi, F, Par, G, Parkash, A, Payawal, D, Peltekian, K, Peng, X, Peng, L, Peng, Y, Pengoria, R, Perez, M, Perez, J, Perez, N, Persico, M, Pessoa, M, Petta, S, Philip, M, Plaz Torres, M, Polavarapu, N, Poniachik, J, Portincasa, P, Pu, C, Purnak, T, Purwanto, E, Qi, X, Qian, Z, Qiang, Z, Qiao, Z, Qiao, L, Queiroz, A, Rabiee, A, Radwan, M, Rahetilahy, A, Ramadan, Y, Ramadan, D, Ramli, A, Ramm, G, Ran, A, Rankovic, I, Rao, H, Raouf, S, Ray, S, Reau, N, Refaat, A, Reiberger, T, Remes-Troche, J, Reyes, E, Richardson, B, Ridruejo, E, Riestra Jimenez, S, Rizk, I, Roberts, S, Roblero, J, Robles, J, Rockey, D, Rodriguez, M, Rodriguez Hernandez, H, Roman, E, Romeiro, F, Romeo, S, Rosales-Zabal, J, Roshdi, G, Rosso, N, Ruf, A, Ruiz, P, Runes, N, Ruzzenente, A, Ryan, M, Saad, A, Sabbagh, E, Sabbah, M, Saber, S, Sabrey, R, Sabry, R, Saeed, M, Said, D, Said, E, Sakr, M, Salah, Y, Salama, R, Salama, A, Saleh, H, Saleh, A, Salem, A, Salifou, A, Salih, A, Salman, A, Samouda, H, Sanai, F, Sanchez-Avila, J, Sanker, L, Sano, T, Sanz, M, Saparbu, T, Sawhney, R, Sayed, F, Sayed, S, Sayed, A, Sayed, M, Sebastiani, G, Secadas, L, Sediqi, K, Seif, S, Semida, N, Senates, E, Serban, E, Serfaty, L, Seto, W, Sghaier, I, Sha, M, Shabaan, H, Shalaby, L, Shaltout, I, Sharara, A, Sharma, V, Shawa, I, Shawkat, A, Shawky, N, Shehata, O, Sheils, S, Shewaye, A, Shi, G, Shi, J, Shimose, S, Shirono, T, Shou, L, Shrestha, A, Shui, G, Sievert, W, Sigurdardottir, S, Sira, M, Siradj, R, Sison, C, Smyth, L, Soliman, R, Sollano, J, Sombie, R, Sonderup, M, Sood, S, Soriano, G, Stedman, C, Stefanyuk, O, Stimac, D, Strasser, S, Strnad, P, Stuart, K, Su, W, Su, M, Sumida, Y, Sumie, S, Sun, D, Sun, J, Suzuki, H, Svegliati-Baroni, G, Swar, M, Taharboucht, S, Taher, Z, Takamura, S, Tan, L, Tan, S, Tanwandee, T, Tarek, S, Tatiana, G, Tavaglione, F, Tecson, G, Tee, H, Teschke, R, Tharwat, M, Thong, V, Thursz, M, Tine, T, Tiribelli, C, Tolmane, I, Tong, J, Tongo, M, Torkie, M, Torre, A, Torres, E, Trajkovska, M, Treeprasertsuk, S, Tsutsumi, T, Tu, T, Tur, J, Turan, D, Turcan, S, Turkina, S, Tutar, E, Tzeuton, C, Ugiagbe, R, Uygun, A, Vacca, M, Vajro, P, Van der Poorten, D, Van Kleef, L, Vashakidze, E, Velazquez, C, Velazquez, M, Vento, S, Verhoeven, V, Vespasiani-Gentilucci, U, Vethakkan, S, Vilaseca, J, Vitek, L, Volkanovska, A, Wallace, M, Wan, W, Wang, Y, Wang, X, Wang, C, Wang, M, Wangchuk, P, Weltman, M, White, M, Wiegand, J, Wifi, M, Wigg, A, Wilhelmi, M, William, R, Wittenburg, H, Wu, S, Wubeneh, A, Xia, H, Xiao, J, Xiao, X, Xiaofeng, W, Xiong, W, Xu, L, Xu, J, Xu, W, Xu, K, Xu, Y, Xu, S, Xu, M, Xu, A, Xu, C, Yan, H, Yang, J, Yang, R, Yang, Y, Yang, Q, Yang, N, Yao, J, Yara, J, Yaras, S, Yilmaz, N, Younes, R, Younes, H, Young, S, Youssef, F, Yu, Y, Yu, M, Yuan, J, Yue, Z, Yuen, M, Yun, W, Yurukova, N, Zakaria, S, Zaky, S, Zaldastanishvili, M, Zapata, R, Zare, N, Zerem, E, Zeriban, N, Zeshuai, X, Zhang, H, Zhang, X, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W, Zhang, Z, Zhao, J, Zhao, R, Zhao, H, Zheng, C, Zheng, Y, Zheng, R, Zheng, T, Zheng, K, Zhou, X, Zhou, Y, Zhou, H, Zhou, L, Zhu, L, Zhu, Y, Zhu, P, Ziada, E, Ziring, D, Ziyi, L, Zou, S, Zou, Z, Zou, H, Zuart Ruiz, R, Mendez-Sanchez N., Bugianesi E., Gish R. G., Lammert F., Tilg H., Nguyen M. H., Sarin S. K., Fabrellas N., Zelber-Sagi S., Fan J. -G., Shiha G., Targher G., Zheng M. -H., Chan W. -K., Vinker S., Kawaguchi T., Castera L., Yilmaz Y., Korenjak M., Spearman C. W., Ungan M., Palmer M., El-Shabrawi M., Gruss H. -J., Dufour J. -F., Dhawan A., Wedemeyer H., George J., Valenti L., Fouad Y., Romero-Gomez M., Eslam M., Abate M. L., Abbas B., Abbassy A. A., Abd El Ghany W., Abd Elkhalek A., Abd ElMajeed E., Abdalgaber M., AbdAllah M., Abdallah M., Abdallah N., Abdelaleem S., Abdelghani Y., Abdelghany W., Abdelhalim S. M., Abdelhamid W., Abdelhamid N., Abdelkader N. A., Abdelkreem E., Abdelmohsen A. M., Abdelrahman A. A., Abd-elsalam S. M., Abdeltawab D., Abduh A., Abdulhakam N., Abdulla M., Abedpoor N., Abenavoli L., Aberg F., Ablack O., Abo elftouh M., Abo-Amer Y. E. -E., Aboubkr A., Aboud A., Abouelnaga A. M., Aboufarrag G. A., Aboutaleb A., Abundis L., Adali G., Adames E., Adams L., Adda D., Adel N., Adel Sayed M., Afaa T. J., Afredj N., Aghayeva G., Aghemo A., Aguilar-Salinas C. A., Ahlenstiel G., Ahmady W., Ahmed W., Ahmed A., Ahmed S. N., Ahmed H. M., Ahmed R., Aigner E., Akarsu M., Akroush M., Akyuz U., Al Mahtab M., Al Qadiri T., Al Rawahi Y., AL rubaee R., Al Saffar M., Alam S., Al-Ani Z., Albillos A., Alboraie M., Al-Busafi S., Al-Emam M., Alharthi J., Ali K., Ali B. A., Ali M., Ali R. A. R., Alisi A., AL-Khafaji A. R., Alkhatry M., Aller R., Almansoury Y., Al-Naamani K., Alnakeeb A., Alonso A., Alqahtani S. A., Alrabadi L., Alswat K., Altaher M., Altamimi T., Altamirano J., Alvares-da-Silva M. R., Aly E. A. M., Alzahaby A., Alzamzamy A., Amano K., Amer M. A., Amin M. A., Amin S. A., Amir A. A., Ampuero J., Anas N., Andreone P., Andriamandimby S. F., Anees M., Angela P., Antonios M., Arafat W., Araya J. M., Armendariz-Borunda J., Armstrong M. J., Ashktorab H., Aspichueta P., Assal F., Atef M., Attia D., Atwa H., Awad R., Awad M. A. E., Awny S., Awolowo O., Awuku Y. A., Ayada I., Aye T. T., Ayman S., Ayman H., Ayoub H., Azmy H. M., Babaran R. P., Badreldin O., Badry A., Bahcecioglu I. H., Bahour A., Bai J., Balaban Y., Balasubramanyam M., Bamakhrama K., Banales J. M., Bangaru B., Bao J., Barahona J. S., Barakat S., Barbalho S. M., Barbra B., Barranco B., Barrera F., Baumann U., Bazeed S., Bech E., Benayad A., Benesic A., Bernstein D., Bessone F., Birney S., Bisseye C., Blake M., Bobat B., Bonfrate L., Bordin D. S., Bosques-Padilla F., Boursier J., Boushab B. M., Bowen D., Bravo P. M., Brennan P. N., Bright B., Broekaert I., Buque X., Burgos-Santamaria D., Burman J., Busetto L., Byrne C. D., Cabral-Prodigalidad P. A. I., Cabrera-Alvarez G., Cai W., Cainelli F., Caliskan A. R., Canbay A., Cano-Contreras A., Cao H. -X., Cao Z., Carrion A., Carubbi F., Casanovas T., Castellanos Fernandez M. I., Chai J., Chan S. P., Charatcharoenwitthaya P., Chavez-Tapia N., Chayama K., Chen J., Chen L., Chen Z. -W., Chen H., Chen S. -D., Chen Q., Chen Y., Chen G., Chen E. -Q., Chen F., Chen P. -J., Cheng R., Cheng W., Chieh J. T. W., Chokr I., Cholongitas E., Choudhury A., Chowdhury A., Chukwudike E. S., Ciardullo S., Clayton M., Clement K., Cloa M. M., Coccia C., Collazos C., Colombo M., Cosar A. M., Cotrim H. P., Couillerot J., Coulibaly A., Crespo G., Crespo J., Cruells M., Cua I. H. Y., Dabbous H. K., Dalekos G. N., D'Alia P., Dan L., Dao V. H., Darwish M., Datz C., Davalos-Moscol M. B., Dawoud H., de Careaga B. O., de Knegt R., de Ledinghen V., de Silva J., Debzi N., Decraecker M., Del Pozo E., Delgado T. C., Delgado-Blanco M., Dembinski L., Depina A., Derbala M., Desalegn H., Desbois-Mouthon C., Desoky M., Dev A., Di Ciaula A., Diago M., Diallo I., Diaz L. A., Dirchwolf M., Dongiovanni P., Dorofeyev A., Dou X., Douglas M. W., Doulberis M., Dovia C. K., Doyle A., Dragojevic I., Drenth J. P., Duan X., Dulskas A., Dumitrascu D. L., Duncan O., Dusabejambo V., Dwawhi R. S. N. A., Eiketsu S., El Amrousy D., El Deeb A., El Deriny G., El Din H. S., El Kamshishy S., El Kassas M., El Raziky M., Elagamy O. A., Elakel W., Elalfy D., Elaraby H., ElAwady H., Elbadawy R., Eldash H. H., Eldefrawy M. S., Elecharri C. L., Elfaramawy A., Elfatih M., Elfiky M., Elgamsy M., Elgendy M., El-Guindi M. A., Elhussieny N., Eliwa A. M., Elkabbany Z., El-Khayat H., El-Koofy N. M., Elmetwalli A., Elrabat A., El-Raey F., Elrashdy F., Elsahhar M., Elsaid E. M., Elsayed S., Elsayed H., Elsayed A., Elsayed A. M., El-Serafy M., Elsharkawy A. M., Elsheemy R. Y., Elshemy E. E., Elsherbini S., Eltoukhy N., Elwakil R., Emad O., Emad S., Embabi M., Ergenc I., Ermolova T., Esmat G., Esmat D. M., Estupinan E. C., Ettair S., Eugen T., Ezz-Eldin M., Falcon L. P. V., Fan Y. -C., Fandari S., Farag M., Farahat T. M., Fares E. M., Fares M., Fassio E., Fathy H., Fathy D., Fathy W., Fayed S., Feng D., Feng G., Fernandez-Bermejo M., Ferreira C. T., Ferrer J. D., Forbes A., Fouad R., Fouad H. M., Frisch T., Fujii H., Fukunaga S., Fukunishi S., Fulya H., Furuhashi M., Gaber Y., Galang A. J. G., Gallardo J. C., Galloso R., Gamal M., Gamal R., Gamal H., Gan J., Ganbold A., Gao X., Garas G., Garba T., Garcia-Cortes M., Garcia-Monzon C., Garcia-Samaniego J., Gastaldelli A., Gatica M., Gatley E., Gegeshidze T., Geng B., Ghazinyan H., Ghoneem S., Giacomelli L., Giannelli G., Giannini E. G., Giefer M., Gines P., Girala M., Giraudi P. J., Goh G. B. -B., Gomaa A. A., Gong B., Gonzales D. H. C., Gonzalez H. C., Gonzalez-Huezo M. S., Graupera I., Grgurevic I., Gronbaek H., Gu X., Guan L., Gueye I., Guingane A. N., Gul O. O., Gul C. B., Guo Q., Gupta P. P., Gurakar A., Gutierrez J. C. R., Habib G., Hafez A., Hagman E., Halawa E., Hamdy O., Hamed A. E., Hamed D. H., Hamid S., Hamoudi W., Han Y., Haridy J., Haridy H., Harris D. C. H. H., Hart M., Hasan F., Hashim A., Hassan I., Hassan A., Hassan E. A., Hassan A. A., Hassan M. S., Hassanin F., Hassnine A., Haukeland J. W., Hawal A. I. M., He J., He Q., He Y., He F. -P., Hegazy M., Hegazy A., Henegil O., Hernandez N., Hernandez-Guerra M., Higuera-de-la-Tijera F., Hindy I., Hirota K., Ho L. C., Hodge A., Hosny M., Hou X., Huang J. -F., Huang Y., Huang Z., Huang A., Huang X. -P., Hui-ping S., Hunyady B., Hussein M. A., Hussein O., Hussien S. M., Ibanez-Samaniego L., Ibdah J., Ibrahim L., Ibrahim M., Ibrahim I., Icaza-Chavez M. E., Idelbi S., Idilman R. I., Ikeda M., Indolfi G., Invernizzi F., Irshad I., Isa H. M. A., Iskandar N. J., Ismaiel A., Ismail M., Ismail Z., Ismail F., Iwamoto H., Jack K., Jacob R., Jafarov F., Jafri W., Jahshan H., Jalal P. K., Jancoriene L., Janicko M., Jayasena H., Jefferies M., Jha V., Ji F., Ji Y., Jia J., Jiang C., Jiang N., Jiang Z. -Z., Jin X., Jin Y., Jing X., Jingyu Q., Jinjolava M., Jong F. H. H., Jucov A., Julius I., Kaddah M., Kamada Y., kamal A., Kamal E. M., Kamel A. S., Kao J. -H., Karin M., Karlas T., Kashwaa M., Katsidzira L., Kaya E., Kayasseh M. A., Keenan B., Keklikkiran C., Keml W., Khalaf D. K., Khalefa R., Khamis S., Khater D., khattab H., Khavkin A., Khlynova O., Khmis N., Kobyliak N., Koffas A., Koike K., Kok K. Y. Y., Koller T., Komas N. P., Korochanskaya N. V., Koulla Y., Koya S., Kraft C., Kraja B., Krawczyk M., Kuchay M. S., Kulkarni A. V., Kumar A., Kumar M., Lakoh S., Lam P., Lan L., Lange N. F., Lankarani K. B., Lanthier N., Lapshyna K., Lashen S. A., Laure K. N. J., Lazebnik L., Lebrec D., Lee S. S., Lee W. S., Lee Y. Y., Leeming D. J., Leite N. C., Leon R., Lesmana C. R. A., Li J., Li Q., Li Y. -Y., Li Y., Li L., Li M., li Y., Liang H., Lijuan T., Lim S. 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G., Lim L. -L., Lin S., Lin H. -C., Lin R., Lithy R., Liu Y., Liu X., Liu W. -Y., Liu S., Liu K., Liu T., Lonardo A., Lopez M. B., Lopez-Benages E., Lopez-Jaramillo P., Lu H., Lu L. G., Lu Y., Lubel J., Lui R., Lupasco I., Luzina E., Lv X. -H., Lynch K., Ma H. -L., Machado M. V., Maduka N., Madzharova K., Magdaong R., Mahadeva S., Mahfouz A., Mahmood N. R. K. N., Mahmoud E., Mahrous M., Maiwall R., Majeed A., Majumdar A., Mak L., Maklouf M. M., Malekzadeh R., Mandato C., Mangia A., Mann J., Mansour H. H., Mansouri A., Mantovani A., Mao J. Q., Maramag F., Marchesini G., Marcus C., Marinho R. A. R. T., Martinez-Chantar M. L., Martins A. A. S., Marwan R., Mason K. F., Masoud G., Massoud M. N., Matamoros M. A., Mateos R. M., Mawed A., Mbanya J. C., Mbendi C., McColaugh L., McLeod D., Medina J. F. R., Megahed A., Mehrez M., Memon I., Merat S., Mercado R., Mesbah A., Meskini T., Metwally M., Metwaly R., Miao L., Micah E., Miele L., Milivojevic V., Milovanovic T., Mina Y. L., Mishkovik M., Mishriki A., Mitchell T., Mohamed A., Mohamed M., Mohamed S., Mohammed S., Mohammed A., Mohan V., Mohie S., Mokhtar A., Moniem R., Montilla M. S., Morales J. A. O., Morata M. M. S., Moreno-Planas J. M., Morise S., Mosaad S., Moselhy M., Mostafa A. M., Mostafa E., Mouane N., Mousa N., Moustafa H. M., Msherif A., Muller K., Munoz C., Munoz-Urribarri A. B., Murillo O. A., Mustapha F. I., Muzurovic E., Nabil Y., Nafady S., Nagamatsu A., Nakajima A., Nakano D., Nan Y., Nascimbeni F., Naseef M. S., Nashat N., Natalia T., Negro F., Nersesov A. V., Neuman M., Ng'wanasayi M., Ni Y., Nicoll A., Niizeki T., Nikolova D., Ningning W., Niriella M., Nogoibaeva K. A., Nordien R., O Sullivan C., O'Beirne J., Obekpa S., Ocama P., Ochwoto M., Ogolodom M. P., Ojo O., Okrostsvaridze N., Oliveira C. P., Omana R. C., Omar O. M., Omar H., Omar M., Omran S., Omran R., Osman M. M., Owise N., Owusu-Ansah T., Padilla- Machaca P. M., Palle S., Pan Z., Pan X. -Y., Pan Q., Papaefthymiou A., Paquissi F. C., Par G., Parkash A., Payawal D., Peltekian K. M., Peng X., Peng L., Peng Y., Pengoria R., Perez M., Perez J. L., Perez N. M., Persico M., Pessoa M. G., Petta S., Philip M., Plaz Torres M. C., Polavarapu N., Poniachik J., Portincasa P., Pu C., Purnak T., Purwanto E., Qi X., Qian Z., Qiang Z., Qiao Z., Qiao L., Queiroz A., Rabiee A., Radwan M., Rahetilahy A. M., Ramadan Y., Ramadan D., Ramli A. S., Ramm G. A., Ran A., Rankovic I., RAO H., Raouf S., Ray S., Reau N., Refaat A., Reiberger T., Remes-Troche J. M., Reyes E. C., Richardson B., Ridruejo E., Riestra Jimenez S., Rizk I., Roberts S., Roblero J. P., Robles J. A. P., Rockey D., Rodriguez M., Rodriguez Hernandez H., Roman E., Romeiro F. G., Romeo S., Rosales-Zabal J. M., Roshdi G. R., Rosso N., Ruf A., Ruiz P. C., Runes N. R., Ruzzenente A., Ryan M., Saad A., Sabbagh E. B., Sabbah M., Saber S., Sabrey R., Sabry R., Saeed M. A., Said D., Said E. M., Sakr M. A., Salah Y., Salama R. M., Salama A., Saleh H., Saleh A., Salem A., Salem A. T., Salifou A., Salih A. F., Salman A., Samouda H., Sanai F., Sanchez-Avila J. F., Sanker L., Sano T., Sanz M., Saparbu T., Sawhney R., Sayed F., Sayed S. A., Sayed A. O., Sayed M., Sebastiani G., Secadas L., Sediqi K. Q., Seif S., Semida N., Senates E., Serban E. D., Serfaty L., Seto W. -K., Sghaier I., Sha M., Shabaan H. M., Shalaby L., Shaltout I., Sharara A. I., Sharma V., Shawa I. T., Shawkat A., Shawky N., Shehata O., Sheils S., Shewaye A. B., Shi G., Shi J., Shimose S., Shirono T., Shou L., Shrestha A., Shui G., Sievert W., Sigurdardottir S., Sira M. M., Siradj R., Sison C., Smyth L., Soliman R., Sollano J. D., Sombie R., Sonderup M., Sood S., Soriano G., Stedman C. A. M., Stefanyuk O., Stimac D., Strasser S., Strnad P., Stuart K., Su W., Su M., Sumida Y., Sumie S., Sun D. -Q., Sun J., Suzuki H., Svegliati-Baroni G., Swar M. O., TAHARBOUCHT S., Taher Z., Takamura S., Tan L., Tan S. -S., Tanwandee T., Tarek S., Tatiana G., Tavaglione F., Tecson G. Y., Tee H. -P., Teschke R., Tharwat M., Thong V. D., Thursz M., Tine T., Tiribelli C., Tolmane I., Tong J., Tongo M., Torkie M., Torre A., Torres E. A., Trajkovska M., Treeprasertsuk S., Tsutsumi T., Tu T., Tur J. A., Turan D., Turcan S., Turkina S., Tutar E., Tzeuton C., Ugiagbe R., Uygun A., Vacca M., Vajro P., Van der Poorten D., Van Kleef L. A., Vashakidze E., Velazquez C. M., Velazquez M. I., Vento S., Verhoeven V., Vespasiani-Gentilucci U., Vethakkan S. R., Vilaseca J., Vitek L., Volkanovska A., Wallace M., Wan W., Wang Y., Wang X., Wang C., Wang M., Wangchuk P., Weltman M., White M., Wiegand J., Wifi M. -N., Wigg A., Wilhelmi M., William R., Wittenburg H., Wu S., Wubeneh A. M., Xia H., Xiao J., Xiao X., Xiaofeng W., Xiong W., Xu L., Xu J., Xu W., Xu J. -H., Xu K., Xu Y., Xu S. -H., Xu M., Xu A., Xu C., Yan H., Yang J., Yang R. -X., Yang Y., Yang Q., Yang N., Yao J., Yara J., Yaras S., Yilmaz N., Younes R., younes H., Young S., Youssef F., Yu Y., Yu M. -L., Yuan J., Yue Z., Yuen M. -F., Yun W., Yurukova N., Zakaria S., Zaky S., Zaldastanishvili M., Zapata R., Zare N., Zerem E., Zeriban N., Zeshuai X., Zhang H., Zhang X., Zhang Y., Zhang W. -H., Zhang Y. -P., Zhang Z. -Q., Zhao J., Zhao R. -R., Zhao H., Zheng C., Zheng Y., Zheng R., Zheng T. -L., Zheng K., Zhou X. Q., Zhou Y., Zhou Y. -J., Zhou H., Zhou L., Zhu L. D., Zhu Y. F., Zhu Y., Zhu P. -W., Ziada E., Ziring D., Ziyi L., Zou S., Zou Z., Zou H., and Zuart Ruiz R.
Published: 2022

44. Efficient hardware implementation of the CORDIC algorithm

Author: Abdoel-Gawad, Farag Saleh
Subjects: 621.39, Data processing architectures
Published: 1999

45. Clinical and Bacteriological Analyses of Biofilm-Forming Staphylococci Isolated from Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Author: Mamdoh,Hend, Hassanein,Khaled M, Eltoony,Lobna Farag, Khalifa,Walaa A, Hamed,Entsar, Alshammari,Taher Obaid, Abd El-Kareem,Doaa M, El-Mokhtar,Mohamed A, Mamdoh,Hend, Hassanein,Khaled M, Eltoony,Lobna Farag, Khalifa,Walaa A, Hamed,Entsar, Alshammari,Taher Obaid, Abd El-Kareem,Doaa M, and El-Mokhtar,Mohamed A
Abstract: Hend Mamdoh,1 Khaled M Hassanein,2 Lobna Farag Eltoony,3 Walaa A Khalifa,3 Entsar Hamed,2 Taher Obaid Alshammari,4 Doaa M Abd El-Kareem,5 Mohamed A El-Mokhtar2 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New Assiut, Egypt; 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Prince Mohammed Medical City, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptCorrespondence: Mohamed A El-Mokhtar, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, Email elmokhtarma@aun.edu.egBackground: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, foot ulcers and amputations due to diabetes are very common in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical presentation of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) infections, isolate the causative agent, and analyze the biofilm formation and distribution of biofilm-related genes among isolated Staphylococci.Material and Methods: The study included 100 diabetic patients suffering from DFUs attending Assiut University Hospital. Swabs were collected and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed. Biofilm formation was tested phenotypically among staphylococcal isolates and the frequency of different biofilm genes was analyzed by PCR. Clinical presentations of diabetic foot ulcers were correlated with bacterial genetic characteristics. Spa types were determined using DNA Gear-a software.Results: Microbiological analysis showed that 94/100 of the DFUs were positive for bacterial growth. The majority of infections were polymicrobial (54%, n=54/100). Staphylococci were the most commonly detected organisms, of which S.
Published: 2023

46. Amelioration of type 2 diabetes by the novel 6, 8-guanidyl luteolin quinone-chromium coordination via biochemical mechanisms and gut microbiota interaction

Author: Ge, Xiaodong, He, Xiaoyu, Liu, Junwei, Zeng, Feng, Chen, Ligen, Xu, Wei, Shao, Rong, Huang, Ying, Farag, Mohamed A., Capanoglu, Esra, El-Seedi, Hesham, Zhao, Chao, Liu, Bin, Ge, Xiaodong, He, Xiaoyu, Liu, Junwei, Zeng, Feng, Chen, Ligen, Xu, Wei, Shao, Rong, Huang, Ying, Farag, Mohamed A., Capanoglu, Esra, El-Seedi, Hesham, Zhao, Chao, and Liu, Bin
Abstract: Introduction: Luteolin is a plant-derived flavonoid that exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activ-ities. Studies on luteolin have mainly focused on its use for hyperlipidaemia prevention, whereas the capacity of the flavonoid to hinder hyperglycaemia development remains underexplored. Objectives: To probe the anti-hyperglycemic mechanism of 6,8-guanidyl luteolin quinone-chromium coordination (GLQ.Cr), and to assess its regulatory effect on intestinal microbiota in type 2 diabetes mel-litus (T2DM) mice. Methods: High-sucrose/high-fat diet-induced and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was used to develop a T2DM model. Glycometabolism related indicators, histopathology, and gut microbiota compo-sition in caecum samples were evaluated, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of liver samples was con-ducted. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was further used to verify the anti-hyperglycemic activity of intestinal microbiota. Results: The administration of GLQ.Cr alleviated hyperglycaemia symptoms by improving liver and pan-creatic functions and modulating gut microbe communities (Lactobacillus, Alistipes, Parabacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, and Desulfovibrio). RNA-seq analysis showed that GLQ.Cr mainly affected the peroxi-some proliferative activated receptor (PPAR) signalling pathway in order to regulate abnormal glucose metabolism. FMT significantly modulated the abundance of Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Alistipes, Bacteroides, Ruminiclostridium, Brevundimonas and Pseudomonas in the caecum to balance blood glucose levels and counteract T2DM mice inflammation. Conclusion: GLQ.Cr improved the abnormal glucose metabolism in T2DM mice by regulating the PPAR signalling pathway and modulating intestinal microbial composition. FMT can improve the intestinal microecology of the recipient and in turn ameliorate the symptoms of T2DM-induced hyperglycaemia.
Published: 2023
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47. Det kreativa skrivandets eventuella återkomst : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om tio svensklärares syn på kreativt skrivande i gymnasieskolans svenskämne

Author: Källström, Frida, Götlund Farag, Julia, Källström, Frida, and Götlund Farag, Julia
Abstract: Syftet med föreliggande kvalitativa studie är att undersöka svensklärares syn på kreativt skrivande i gymnasieskolans svenskämne mot bakgrund av att det ligger som förslag att implementeras i ämnesplanen i samband med ämnesbetygsreformen 2025. Frågeställningarna ämnar undersöka tio lärares attityder till kreativt skrivande i gymnasieskolans svenskämne samt vad de anser om att eventuellt införa kreativt skrivande i kommande ämnesplan för svenskämnet. För att besvara frågeställningarna och uppfylla syftet används tidigare forskning samt variationsteorin som ramverk för att analysera tio semistrukturerade intervjuer där legitimerade svensklärare på gymnasieskolan valt att delta. Studien visar att lärarna har en positiv inställning till kreativt skrivande och till ett eventuellt införande av kreativt skrivande i kommande ämnesplan för svenskämnet. Flera fördelar lyfts fram, däribland språkutveckling, ordförrådsutveckling och att kreativt skrivande kan bryta av dagens skrivande som är styrt av mallar. Däremot finns det även kritiska tankar och funderingar på hur kreativt skrivande kan tillämpas i praktiken. Majoriteten av lärarna har inte fått med sig kunskaper från lärarutbildningen för hur kreativt skrivande ska tillämpas, men känner sig oavsett trygga med ämneskunskaper om det. Vidare finns det osäkerheter om momentet och bedömning.
Published: 2023

48. Development of a postgraduate study course in immune modulation: Results of the piloting

Author: Kujumdshiev, S, Sack, U, Farag, M, Lambert, C, Soulimani, R, Efthimiadou, E, Group, W, Seddik, M, Hammad, R, Kujumdshiev, S, Sack, U, Farag, M, Lambert, C, Soulimani, R, Efthimiadou, E, Group, W, Seddik, M, and Hammad, R
Published: 2023

49. Macrophage innate immune responses delineate between defective translocon assemblies produced by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis YopD mutants

Author: Farag, Salah, Francis, Monika K., Gurung, Jyoti M., Wai, Sun Nyunt, Stenlund, Hans, Francis, Matthew S, Nadeem, Aftab, Farag, Salah, Francis, Monika K., Gurung, Jyoti M., Wai, Sun Nyunt, Stenlund, Hans, Francis, Matthew S, and Nadeem, Aftab
Abstract: Translocon pores formed in the eukaryotic cell membrane by a type III secretion system facilitate the translocation of immune-modulatory effector proteins into the host cell interior. The YopB and YopD proteins produced and secreted by pathogenic Yersinia spp. harboring a virulence plasmid-encoded type III secretion system perform this pore-forming translocator function. We had previously characterized in vitro T3SS function and in vivo pathogenicity of a number of strains encoding sited-directed point mutations in yopD. This resulted in the classification of mutants into three different classes based upon the severity of the phenotypic defects. To investigate the molecular and functional basis for these defects, we explored the effectiveness of RAW 264.7 cell line to respond to infection by representative YopD mutants of all three classes. Signature cytokine profiles could separate the different YopD mutants into distinct categories. The activation and suppression of certain cytokines that function as central innate immune response modulators correlated well with the ability of mutant bacteria to alter anti-phagocytosis and programmed cell death pathways. These analyses demonstrated that sub-optimal translocon pores impact the extent and magnitude of host cell responsiveness, and this limits the capacity of pathogenic Yersinia spp. to fortify against attack by both early and late arms of the host innate immune response.
Published: 2023
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50. Assessing the Influential Factors Associated with Medication Non-adherence and Self-care Practices Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Tripoli, Libya

Author: Rima Farag Elmuzghi and Rima Farag Elmuzghi
Abstract: Influential factors causing poor adherence to antidiabetic medications and self-care practices among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have not been reported before in Libya. To assess such factors that contribute to non-adherence, a single health facility, cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on T2DM patients attending the NCDE in Tripoli/ Libya; using a pre-tested questionnaire. Crude odds ratios in the binary logistic regression were used to describe the associations between medication adherence and various independent factors using SPSS version 26. Adjusted odds ratios with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were further generated in the multivariable analysis, to determine variables which were independently associated with medication adherence and were considered significant at a p-value of <0.05. Of the 380 study participants, only 225(67.1%) were adherent. 159(41.8%) were non-adherence to physician recommendations and were careless when taking their medication, 200(52.6%) found difficulty maintaining recommended dietary restrictions, 211(55.5%) and 97(25.5%) didn’t adhere to regular exercise or blood glucose monitoring; respectively. Factors significant association with non-adherence were; medication being taken; especially patients who were prescribed OHA and insulin ([AOR] [95% CI] = 0.214[0.073-0.632]), being careless and not taking prescribed medication as recommended ([AOR] [95% CI] = 2.880 [1.387- 5.983]), forgetfulness ([AOR] [95% CI] =0.199 [0.070- 0.570], stop taking prescribed antidiabetic medication when feeling well ( [AOR] [95% CI] = 0.153[0.058- 0.402], medications side effects ( [AOR] [95% CI]=0.382 [0.181- 0.809] and unawareness of the consequences of not adhering to medication as recommended and the consequences skipping doses ([AOR] [95% CI] = 0.146 [0.037- 0.581]). Adherence to recommended medication and self-care practices in Libya is unsatisfactory. Diabetes education, awareness programs, and regular monitori
Published: 2023

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