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Fasciola hepatica is the main causative agent of fasciolosis, a zoonotic parasitic disease of growing public health concern. F. hepatica metacercariae are ingested by the host and excyst in the intestine, thereby releasing the newly excysted juveniles (FhNEJ), which traverse the gut wall and migrate towards the biliary ducts. Since blocking F. hepatica development is challenging after crossing of the intestinal wall, targeting this first step of migration might result in increased therapeutic success. The intestinal extracellular matrix (ECM) is constituted by a network of structural proteins, including laminin (LM) and fibronectin (FN), that provide mechanical support while acting as physical barrier against intestinal pathogens. Here, we employed ELISA and immunofluorescent assays to test for the presence of LM- and FN-binding proteins on a tegument-enriched antigenic fraction of FhNEJ, and further determined their identity by two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. Additionally, we performed enzymatic assays that revealed for the first time the capability of the juvenile-specific cathepsin L3 to degrade LM, and that LM degradation by FhNEJ proteins is further potentiated in the presence of host plasminogen. Finally, a proteomic analysis showed that the interaction with LM triggers protein changes in FhNEJ that may be relevant for parasite growth and adaptation inside the mammalian host. Altogether, our study provides valuable insights into the molecular interplay between FhNEJ and the intestinal ECM, which may lead to the identification of targetable candidates for the development of more effective control strategies against fasciolosis.

Fasciolosis is a worldwide disease caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica, which affects cattle, sheep, goats, and sometimes humans, causing significant economic and production losses. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of F. hepatica in sheep from Boavita, Boyacá, Colombia. An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with simple random sampling, where the sample size was 297 sheep. The sera were processed with the commercial ELISA BIO K 211-Monoscreen AbELISA F. hepatica kit, following the manufacturer's instructions. The analysis of the results was carried out with the statistical program Epi Info®. A general seroprevalence of 67.34% was determined, where males, sheep older than 3 years, and Creole sheep presented the highest seroprevalence, with 77.78, 83.33, and 64.79%, respectively. A significant statistical association was established between seropositivity to F. hepatica and sheep aged 1 to 3 and individuals older than 3 years. This age group was established as a risk factor for the manifestation of fasciolosis, whereas sheep between 1 to 3 years old were considered as a protective factor. Management variables such as extensive and stake grazing also showed statistical significance, the latter being a protective factor for parasitosis. Our findings show the spread of F. hepatica infections in sheep and confirm the importance of serological methods for the diagnosis of the disease., La fasciolosis es una enfermedad de distribución mundial causada por el trematodo Fasciola hepática, que afecta bovinos, ovinos, caprinos y en ocasiones al ser humano, causando importantes pérdidas económicas y productivas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia de F. hepatica en ovinos de Boavita, Boyacá, Colombia. Se realizó un estudio observacional y descriptivo de corte (transversal) con muestreo aleatorio simple, en donde el tamaño muestral fue de 297 ovinos. Los sueros fueron procesados con el kit comercial ELISA BIO K 211-Monoscreen AbELISA F. hepatica, siguiendo las instrucciones del fabricante. El análisis de los resultados se realizó con el programa estadístico Epi Info™. Se determinó una seroprevalencia general de 67.34 % en donde los machos, los ovinos mayores de 3 años y las ovejas de raza criolla presentaron la seroprevalencia más alta, con 77.78, 83.33 y 64.79% respectivamente. Se estableció asociación estadística significativa entre la seropositividad a F. hepatica y los ovinos de 1 a 3 años y los individuos mayores 3 años. Este grupo etario se estableció como factor de riesgo para la presentación de fasciolosis, mientras que las ovejas entre 1 y 3 años se consideraron como factor de protección. Las variables de manejo como pastoreo extensivo y de estaca también presentaron significancia estadística, siendo este último un factor de protección para la parasitosis. Nuestros hallazgos evidencian la diseminación de la infección por F. hepatica en ejemplares ovinos y confirman la importancia de los métodos serológicos para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad.

Unraveling the molecular interactions governing the first contact between parasite and host tissues is of paramount importance to the development of effective control strategies against parasites. In fasciolosis, a foodborne trematodiasis caused mainly by Fasciola hepatica, these early interactions occur between the juvenile worm and the host intestinal wall a few hours after ingestion of metacercariae, the infectious stage of the parasite. However, research on these early events is still scarce and the majority of studies have focused on the adult worm. Here, we review current knowledge on the biology and biochemistry of F. hepatica juveniles and their molecular relationships with the host tissues and identify the research needs and gaps to be covered in the future.

The tropical liver fluke Fasciola gigantica affects livestock and humans in many Asian countries, large parts of Africa, and parts of Europe. Despite the public health and economic impacts of F. gigantica, understanding of F. gigantica biology and how the complex lifecycle of this liver fluke is transcriptionally regulated remain unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the regulatory small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) play roles in the adaptation of F. gigantica to its intermediate and definitive hosts. We sequenced sncRNAs of eight lifecycle stages of F. gigantica. In total, 56 miRNAs from 33 conserved families and four Fasciola-specific miRNAs were identified. Expression analysis of miRNAs suggested clear stage-related patterns. By leveraging the existing transcriptomic data, we predicted a miRNA-based regulation of metabolism, transport, growth and developmental processes. Also, by comparing miRNA complement of F. gigantica with that of Fasciola hepatica, we detected a high level of conservation and identified differences in some miRNAs, which can be used to distinguish the two species. Moreover, we found that tRFs at each lifecycle stage were predominantly derived by tRNA-Lys and tRNA-Gly at 50 half sites, but relatively high expression was related to the buffalo-infecting stages. Taken together, we provided a comprehensive overview of the dynamic transcriptional changes of small RNAs that occur during the developmental stages of F. gigantica. This global analysis of F. gigantica lifecycle stages revealed new roles of miRNAs and tRFs in parasite development and will facilitate future research into understanding of fasciolosis pathobiology.

Fasciolosis remains a relatively frequent parasitic infection in cattle, despite the great implantation and efficacy of fasciolicides. In the present work, the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica has been observed for five years, analyzing 251 bullfighting cattle, evaluating the presence of macroscopic lesions in the liver. Moreover, the relationship with the temperature and average rainfall of the year, and also it describes the pathophysiological consequences during bullfighting. Methodology: it was carried out in Madrid (July-September 2013-2017). Results: n=251 animals in five years, 50.20±2.68 evaluated per year, which 14 had lesions, on average 2.80±1.64 per year. Likewise, a total of 4 compatible animals with lesions were reported during the five years, with an average of 0.80±0.84 animals per year. The average annual temperature was 15.78±0.48° C. The average annual rainfall was 570.20±102.21mm. A statistical correlation was observed between the carcasses with lesions and the average annual rainfall (P<0.01) and the annual mean temperature (P<0.05). The experiment revealed lower prevalence (5.61±2.82) than the one described by different authors, having also compatible climatological conditions with the growth of the parasite and all its intermediate hosts. The study reveals that a good praxis using antiparasitic drugs is not entirely efficient, La fasciolosis sigue siendo una parasitosis frecuente dentro del bovino en extensivo, a pesar de la gran implantación y eficacia de fármacos fasciolicidas. En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado durante cinco años la prevalencia de Fasciola hepatica analizando 251 bovinos de lidia, evaluando la presencia de lesiones macroscópicas hepáticas. A su vez, su relación con la temperatura y pluviometría media del año, y describir sus consecuencias fisiopatológicas durante el festejo taurino. Metodología: se llevó a cabo en Madrid (julio-septiembre 2013-2017). Resultados: n=251 animales en los cinco años, 50.20±2.68 evaluados al año, de los cuales, 14 presentaron lesiones, de media 2.80±1.64 al año. Asimismo, se reseñaron en el reconocimiento un total de 4 animales compatibles con lesiones en los cinco años, de media 0.80±0.84 animales al año. La temperatura media anual fue de 15.78±0.48°C y la pluviometría media anual de 570.20±102.21mm. Se observa correlación estadística entre las canales con lesiones y la pluviometría media anual (P<0.01) y con la temperatura media anual (P<0.05). Se obtienen prevalencias medias (5.61±2.82) inferiores a las descritas por diferentes autores, junto con condiciones climatológicas compatibles con el crecimiento del parásito y de todos sus hospedadores intermediarios. El estudio revela que un buen uso de los antiparasitarios no es del todo efectivo en este tipo de explotaciones

El presente trabajo de investigación se efectuó durante los meses de Octubre del 2017 y Enero del 2018, con el objeto de conocer la prevalencia de Fasciolosis en los ovinos criollos del Distrito de Tuti, Caylloma Región Arequipa, para lo cual se realizó un estudio parasitológico mediante exámenes de materia fecal (Técnica de Dennis Modificado), específico para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad. La cantidad de ovinos muestreados fue de 385, seleccionados al azar, de distintos rebaños del Distrito, en todas las clases y de ambos sexos. Los resultados que se obtuvieron fueron los siguientes: La prevalencia de Fasciolosis en los ovinos criollos es de 9.09%. La prevalencia según la clase animal representa 11.11% para la clase carneros, 7.38% en borregas, 4.76% en carnerillos, 5.71% en borreguillas, 16.88% en corderos machos y 7.32% en corderos hembras. La prevalencia según el sexo es mayor en los machos, en donde obtienen un 12.33% y las hembras el 7.11% de infección parasitaria por Fasciolosis. A la encuesta realizada sobre la enfermedad a los criadores de ovinos del distrito, el 83.33% conocen de su presencia, el 91.67 % realiza controles sanitarios a pesar del elevado costo de los Fasciolicidas y el precio muy bajo que obtienen por la venta de carne y lana. El 85.33 % de la crianza de ovinos se realiza al pastoreo, el suministro de agua proviene de ríos y bofedales, el 75% de la alimentación se da con pastos de la zona, en algunos casos hay alimentación con alfalfa pero solo en un 25%, el 66.67% de las instalaciones en donde se guardan los ovinos por la noche son de cemento, y el 33.33% son de piedra. La prevalencia que se obtuvo en este trabajo es baja probablemente porque durante los meses de estudio no se presentaron lluvias que son indispensables para el desarrollo de la enfermedad Al aplicar la prueba estadística de Chi - Cuadrado, encontramos que no existe diferencia significativa entre las variables respecto a clase y sexo, demostrando que existe igual susceptibi

El presente estudio se realizó entre los meses de Octubre, Noviembre y Diciembre del 2017 en la Irrigación Majes, del Distrito de Majes, Provincia de Caylloma del Departamento de Arequipa, con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de Distomatosis en vacas lecheras y sus factores epidemiológicos. El universo es todos los socios empadronados en la Irrigación Majes en las secciones A- el Pedregal, los molles, San Juan el Alto y Santa Maria la colina, B1-B4, C1-C3, D1-D5, E1-4,E5-E8, con un total de 29994 bovinos y el tamaño de muestra es de 352 entre todas las secciones, de la cuales se agruparan 8 muestras por hato , los cuales se visitó 44 hatos entre todas las secciones Para la realización de este trabajo se tomó las muestras de heces que se obtuvieron de la ampolla rectal, con guantes obstétricos y puestos en bolsas de polipropileno y agrupadas e identificadas con los datos del hato y fueron llevadas al laboratorio LABVETSUR para que sean analizadas por el método de Dennis modificado para la identificación de huevos de Fasciola hepática. El resultado del presente trabajo fue del 0,00% NEGATIVO en todas las secciones estudiadas posiblemente porque los propietarios de los hatos reconocen la gravedad de la enfermedad y están pendientes de la dosificación contra la Distomatosis. Los factores epidemiológicos (condiciones ambientales y de manejo) que se presenta en la Irrigación de Majes también han sido evaluadas los cuales implican que en la estación de primavera la presencia de caracoles es muy poca a diferencia de la estación de verano. Concluimos que la prevalencia de Distomatosis en la irrigación majes es muy baja. PALABRAS CLAVES: Fasciolosis, Distomatosis, Vacas Lecheras, Jallu Tacca, Duela de Hígado, Fasciola.

Zoonosis are diseases that may be present in sheep, but few studies investigate the prevalence of these diseases. The objective of this study was to identify the zoonosis found in sheep carcasses slaughtered in the State of São Paulo between 2005 and 2015, to determine the zoonosis media were detected in carcass mean and total number of organs. In the evaluated period there was the occurrence of cysticercosis, fasciolosis, hydatidosis and tuberculosis. Cysticercosis proved to be the most prevalent pathology and tuberculosis less. The liver was the organ with the highest prevalence for hydatidosis and cysticercosis. The carcass is the most prevalent for tuberculosis and cysticercosis. The zoonosis detected in the research have shown a great impact on animal production, so more research, investments must be made so that the occurrence and prevention of them decrease, so as to reduce economic losses and the risk to public health., Zoonoses são doenças que podem estar presentes nos ovinos e em suas carcaças, o que deprecia o valor comercial, mas poucos estudos investigam a prevalência dessas patologias em carcaças, por isso o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e quantificar as zoonoses encontradas em carcaças de ovinos abatidas no Estado de São Paulo entre os anos de 2005 e 2015. No período avaliado houve a ocorrência de cisticercose, fasciolose, hidatidose e tuberculose. A cisticercose mostrou ser a patologia mais prevalente e a tuberculose menos. O fígado foi o órgão com maior prevalência de hidatidose e cisticercose. A carcaça foi a mais prevalente para tuberculose e cisticercose. As zoonoses detectadas na pesquisa mostrou ter um grande impacto na produção animal pelo grande número de condenações que ocorreram no período estudado, portanto mais pesquisas, investimentos devem ser feitos para que a ocorrência e prevenção das mesmas diminuam, de modo a reduzir perdas econômicas e o risco à saúde pública.

Нами встановлено, що одноразове застосування альбендазолу у вигляді 2,5% суспензіх в дозі 10 мг/кг перорально, бровальзена в дозі 1,3 г на 10 кг, ивомека-плус в дозі 1 мл на 50 кг подшкірно, при лікуванні хворих фасциольозом тварин показують 100%-ну ефективність, не викликаючи при цьому ускладнень. 10%-ний розчин левамізолу в дозі 2250 мг на голову, внутрішньом'язево, отримані слідуючі результати: ЕЕ=50%, ІЕ=50,4%. Препарати забезпечують високу протифасциольозну ефективність в небезпечних по цьому захворюванню господарствах., A single application of albendazol (2,5% suspension, dose: 10 mg per 1 kg, orraly), brovalzen (dose: 1,3 g per 10 kg), ivomek-plus (dose: 1 ml per 50 kg, hypodermic injection) cures fasciolosis in cattle without further complications. The application of levamizol (100% suspension, dose: 2250 mg per cow, hypodermic injection) gives the following results: EE=50%, IE=50,4%. It is desirable that the above mentioned medicines be used on farms where many cows are affected with fasciolosis., Нами установлено, что однократное применение альбендазола в виде 2,5% суспензии в дозе 10 мг/кг перорально, бровальзена в дозе 1,3 г на 10 кг, ивомека-плус в дозе 1 мл на 50 кг подкожно, при лечении больных фасциолезом животных показывают 100%-ную эффективность, не вызывая при этом осложнений. 10%-ный раствор левамизола в дозе 2250 мг на голову, внутримышечно, получены следующие результаты: ЭЭ=50%, ИЭ=50,4%. Препараты обеспечивают высокую противфасциолезную эффективность в неблагополучных по этому заболеванию хозяйствах.

Встановлено наявність характерних патологоанатомічих змін у портальних лімфатичних вузлах за фасціольозу великої рогатої худоби. Міграція молодих фасціол через лімфатичні вузли спричиняє в них розвиток деструктивних змін у вигляді хронічного лімфаденіту, ангіосклерозу та гемосидерозу., Установлено присутствие характерных патологоанатомических изменений в портальных узлах при фасциолезе крупного рогатого скота. Миграция молодых фасциол через лимфатические узлы приводит к развитию в них деструктивных изменений в виде хронического лимфаденита, ангиосклероза и гемосидероза., It was determined originally pathomorphological changes in mesenterial lymph nodes of cattle in case offlukes’ invasion. The process of young flukes’ migration over lymph nodes causes in it the destructive changes – the lymphadenitis chronicle, angiosclerosis and gemosiderosis.

Застосування вермітану з комбіфероном, з одного боку, не має негативного впливу на основні процеси обміну ліпідів, а з іншого – сприяє покращенню метаболічних процесів. Фасціольоз із кожним століттям займає все більше обширні території і у вигляді епізоотії перебігає до теперішнього часу. Крім домашніх тварин, у Центрального Чорнозем’ї в природних біоценозах Воронезького і Хоперського заповідників збудником фасціольозу уражені і дикі тварини., Применение вермитану с комбифероном, с одной стороны, не имеет негативного влияния на основные процессы обмена липидов, а с другой – способствует улучшению метаболических процессов. Фасциольоз с каждым веком занимает все больше обширные территории и в виде эпизоотии протекает до настоящего времени. Кроме домашних животных, в Центрального Черноземье в природных биоценозах Воронежского и Хоперского заповедников возбудителем фасциолеза поражены и дикие животные., Application vermitanu kombiferonom on the one hand, has no negative impact on the basic processes of lipid metabolism and on the other – improves metabolic processes. Fasciolosis of each century takes more extensive territory in the form of epizootic runs to date. In domestic animals, Central Chernozem natural biocenoses Voronezh and Hoper reserve Fasciolosis pathogen infected wild animal.

Background: The prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in Denmark is increasing but appropriate guidelines for control are currently lacking. In order to help develop a control strategy for liver fluke, a risk factor study of farm management factors was conducted and the utility of bulk tank milk (BTM ELISA) as a tool for diagnosis in Danish dairy cattle farms was assessed. Methods: This case-control study aimed to identify farm-level risk factors for fasciolosis in Danish dairy farms (> 50 animals slaughtered in 2013) using two diagnostic methods: recordings of liver condemnation at slaughter, and farm-level Fasciola hepatica antibody levels in BTM. A case farm was defined as having a minimum of 3 incidents of liver condemnation due to liver fluke at slaughter (in any age group) during 2013, and control farms were located within 10 km of at least one case farm and had no history of liver condemnation due to liver fluke during 2011-2013. The selected farmers were interviewed over telephone about grazing and control practices, and BTM from these farms was collected and analysed by ELISA in 2014. The final complete dataset consisting of 131 case and 63 control farms was analysed using logistic regression. Results: Heifers grazing on wet pastures, dry cows grazing on wet pastures, herd size, breed and concurrent beef cattle production were identified as risk factors associated with being classified as a case farm. With the categorised BTM ELISA result as the response variable, heifers grazing on wet pastures, dry cows grazing on wet pastures, and purchase of cows were identified as risk factors. Within the case and control groups, 74.8 and 12.7% of farms were positive for fasciolosis on BTM ELISA, respectively. The differences are likely to be related to the detection limit of the farm-level prevalence by the BTM ELISA test, time span between slaughter data and BTM, and the relatively low sensitivity of liver inspection at slaughter. Conclusions: Control of bovine fasc

Fasciolosis, an infectious disease caused by the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, affects grazing cattle world-wide. Liver fluke F. hepatica is prevalent and well-documented in cattle in many European countries, but for the Baltic countries such information is limited. This study investigated the seroprevalence and distribution of F. hepatica in cattle in Estonia. A total of 2461 individual serum samples from 218 farms distributed throughout all 15 Estonian counties, collected between February 2012 and March 2013, were tested for specific anti-F. hepatica antibodies using an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In total, 144 individual animals tested seropositive, yielding an animal-level seroprevalence of 5.9% (95% CI 5.0–6.9). The herd-level seroprevalence was 28.4% (95% CI 22.8–34.7) and the herds with at least one seropositive animal were located in 13 of the 15 counties. Of the 62 F. hepatica-positive herds, 14 (6.4%) had an in-herd seroprevalence higher than 25%. With respect to production type, the herd-level seroprevalence was 20.2%, 35.6%, and 36.4% in dairy, mixed, and beef herds, respectively. Animals from the two large islands had higher odds of testing F. hepatica-seropositive than animals from the mainland. Animals from mixed and beef herds had higher odds of testing F. hepatica-seropositive than animals from dairy herds. Mixed and beef herds, and herds with more than 100 cattle, had higher odds of having at least one seropositive animal. This study provided the first serological evidence of the presence and distribution of F. hepatica in cattle herds in Estonia.

Дослідженнями встановлено, що життєздатними були яйця фасціол, які виділяли гельмінти в лабораторних умовах, весною та влітку, відповідно, 70,0% і 75,0%. Проте, у середині яєць фасціол, які отримували від гельмінтів восени та взимку, мірацидій розвивавс,я відповідно, у 55,0 і 48,0%. У зв’язку з підвищенням температури повітря взимку, створилися умови для перезимовування яєць фасціол на поверхні ґрунту. Отже, певна кількість яєць фасціол залишалися життєздатними упродовж 6–8 місяців та перезимували, а навесні становили загрозу для зараження проміжних хазяїв (молюсків) й поширення фасціольозу серед тварин., Результатами исследований установлено, что жизнеспособными были яйца фасциол, которые выделяли гельминты в лабораторных условиях, весной и летом – 70,0 и 75,0 %. В средине яиц фасциол, которые были получены от гельминтов осенью и зимой, мирацидий развивался в 55,0 и 48,0%. В связи с повышенной температурой воздуха зимой, сложились условия для перезимования яиц фасциол на поверхности грунтов. Часть яиц фасциол оставалась жизненоспособными на протяжении 6-8 месяцев и перезимовывала, а весной становила угрозу для заражения промежуточных хозяев (молюсков) и распространие фасциолеза среди животных., Results of the study found that the viable eggs were fasciolae that worms were isolated in laboratory conditions in spring and summer 70,0 and 75,0%. In the middle of Fasciola eggs, which were obtained by helminths autumn and winter miracidium developed in 55,0 and 48,0%. Due to the increased air temperature in winter had to wintered eggs of Fasciola in the zone of the soil. Part of the eggs of Fasciola remained viable for 6–8 months and wintered, and in the spring were a threat to infected intermediate hosts (molluscs) and distribution of ascioliasis in animals.

Викладено матеріали морфологічних, імунологічних та мікробіологічних досліджень. У зоні радіоактивного забруднення у великої рогатої худоби, хворої фасціольозом, встановлено зниження показників неспецифічної резистентності. При одночасному пероральному введенні бровальзена в дозі 1,0 г на 10 кг живої маси і 10%-го розчину АДВ в дозі 75 мг на 100 кг маси отримано 100%-й ефект в лікуванні фасціольоза худоби., Изложены материалы морфологических, иммунологических и копрологических исследований. В зоне радиоактивного загрязнения у крупного рогатого скота, больного фасциолезом, установлено снижение показателей неспецифической резистентности. При одновременном пероральном введении бровальзена в дозе 1,0 г на 10 кг живой массы и 10%-го раствора АДВ в дозе 75 мг на 100 кг массы получен 100%-й зффект в лечении фасциолеза скота., In the contaminated zone fasciolosis cattle show lowered indices of unspecific resistance. Simultaneous administration of brovalzen (1,0 g per 10 kg of live weight, orally) and 10 per cent solution of levamizole (75 mg of active matter per 100 kg of live weight, intramuscular injection) has proved to be the most effective medication of fasciolosis cattle.

Імунодепресивна дія фасціол та іонізуючої радіації знижує неспецифічну резистентність організму хворих тварин, підвищити яку автор пропонує застосуванням альбендазолу. Альбендазол сприяє підвищенню неспецифічної резистентності хворих тварин, особливо через 30 днів після застосування. На нашу думку, підвищення резистентності організму пов’язане з дією препарату на фасціол і як наслідок – припинення синтезу і проникнення їх токсинів в організм, який має імуносупресивну дію., Иммунодепрессивное действие фасциол и ионизирующей радиации снижает неспецифическую резистентность организма больных животных, повысить которую автор предлагает применением альбендазола. Альбендазол способствует повышению неспецифической резистентности больных животных, особенно через 30 дней после применения. По нашему мнению, повышение резистентности организма связано с действием препарата на фасциол и как следствие – прекращение синтеза и проникновения токсинов в организм, имеющий иммуносупрессивную действие., Fasciola immunosuppressive action of ionizing radiation and reduces non-specific resistance of the organism sick animals to increase by author proposes the use of albendazole. Albendazole promotes nonspecific resistance of sick animals, especially 30 days after application. In our view, increase body resistance associated with the effect of the drug on fasciola and consequently – prypynennya synthesis and penetration of toxins in the body, which has immunosuppressive effects.

The thesis is dedicated to the investigation into spread and seasonal dynamics of fasciolisis in cattle permanently kept in the 2nd and 3rd zones of radionuclide contamination. The periods when animals may become infested with fasciolae on pastures have been established. The cows and young cattle permanently kept in areas with higher levels of ionizing radiation show certain changes in the immunologic alterations of cellular and humoral immunity in case of helminthic parasitism have also been studied. Efficient antifasciolosis preparations have been identifiedand – for the first time-such immunomodulators as tymalin (thymaline), T – aktivin (activine) and combiferion have been administered. In order to increase treatment efficiency, to normalize immunologic haematological indices, to restore the immune status in the system organs and to improve producing capacity of animals under the conditions of both ionizing radiation and conditionally clean zones complex schemes of administering antihelminthics and immunomodulators have been developed and used in practice., Дисертація присвячена вивченню розповсюдження і сезоної динаміки фасціольозу великої рогатої худоби, що постійно утримувалась в умовах другої та третьої зон забруднення радіоактивними речовинами. З’ясовані строки зараження тварин фасціолами на пасовищах. Порівняно із контрольними тваринами умовно чистої зони виявлено, що в корів та молодняку, які постійно перебувають на територіях із підвищеним рівнем іонізуючого випромінювання, виникають певні зміни імунологічного стану організму. Досліджені зміни показників клітинного та гуморального імунітету при паразитуванні фасціол. Визначені ефективні протифасціольозні препарати та вперше застосовані імуномодулятори – тималін, Т-активін і комбіферон. Розроблені та впроваджені у виробництво комплексні схеми застосування антигельмінтиків та імуномодуляторів, які сприяли підвищенню ефективності лікувальних заходів, нормалізації імунологічних показників крові, відновленню імунодефіцитного стану в органах імунної системи та підвищенню продуктивності тварин в умовах дії іонізуючого випромінювання та умовно чистої зони.

This article presents results of an anthropological research project that was carried out in the municipality of Rionegro in the department of Antioquia, Colombia. The disease caused by hepatic fasciola, a parasite native to Europe, and is now present on every continent and is considered to be the pathogenic disease with the greatest latitudinal, longitudinal, and altitudinal distribution. There are no specific observable symptoms in infected animals that allow a diagnosis, which must be done in veterinary laboratories, which is scarcely ever the case given that the disease rarely causes death. Through the use of ethnographic methods the researchers accessed various interlocutors linked to the pecuary field, which relayed their interpretations about bovine fasciolosis and about the common practices dealing with it ranging from lay knowledge to dialogues with expert and professional understanding. The text illustrates the therapeutic itinerary that is undertaken when certain changes in behavior and appearance are perceived, it describes the course of action that is followed in order to restore the animals health, and it considers the decisions that livestock farmers take when cures fail, all of which are the result of the fact that it is not mandatory to declare bovine fasciolosis. Academics in the field of national veterinary medicine who research the basic aspects related to the parasite´s life cycle are not familiar with the lay knowledge produced about this disease. An analysis of this knoweldge could contribute to the design of control strategies given that it presents in detail the doubts and uncertainties that have historically surrounded fasciolosis. The tendency to conceive it as a new disease, and the scarce attention that it has received in comparison with other livestock diseases that are well-defined in sanitation plans work against the control and prevention of fasciolosis in social practices of bovine livestock management in the area under study., No presente artigo apresentam-se resultados de uma pesquisa antropológica no município de Rionegro, departamento ou província de Antioquia, Colômbia. A doença produzida pela fasciola hepatica, um parasita originário da Europa, encontra-se atualmente em todos os continentes, sendo considerada uma doença patogênica transmitida por vetores de maior distribuição latitudinal, longitudinal e altitudinal. Nos animais infetados não se observam sintomas específicos que facilitem o diagnóstico, sendo que este dever ser realizado em um laboratório veterinário. Contudo, o diagnóstico é feito com pouca frequência devido a que a doença raramente causa a morte. Mediante o método etnográfico, os pesquisadores entraram em contato com diferentes interlocutores ligados ao âmbito pecuário que expressam suas interpretações acerca da fasciolose bovina e das práticas mais comuns para enfrentá-la a partir de um conhecimento leigo que dialoga com o conhecimento profissional ou especializado. Isto tudo à custa do fato de a fasciolose bovina não constituir uma doença que deva ser declarada. Os acadêmicos, no âmbito da medicina veterinária na Colômbia, conhecem os aspectos básicos relacionados com o ciclo de vida do parasita, mas não estão familiarizados como o conhecimento leigo da doença. Um olhar a partir deste aspecto poderia contribuir para a criação de estratégias de controle visto que apresenta, para um público mais amplo, um mundo de dúvidas e incertezas que foi construído historicamente em torno da fasciolose. A tendência a concebê-la como uma doença nova e a pouca atenção dada, quando comparada com outras doenças do gado definidas nos programas e planos da saúde pública, desfavorecem o controle a prevenção da fasciolose nas práticas sociais de manejo do gado bovino observadas na área de estudo., Se presentan resultados de una investigación antropológica realizada en el municipio de Rionegro, departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. La enfermedad ocasionada por Fasciola hepatica, un parásito originario de Europa, se encuentra en la actualidad en todos los continentes y es considerada la enfermedad patogénica transmitida por vectores de mayor distribución latitudinal, longitudinal y altitudinal. En los animales infectados no se observan síntomas específicos que faciliten el diagnóstico, este debe hacerse en un laboratorio veterinario, al que en muy pocas ocasiones se recurre, debido a que la dolencia rara vez causa la muerte. Mediante el método etnográfico los investigadores accedieron a diferentes interlocutores ligados al ámbito pecuario que expresan sus interpretaciones acerca de la fasciolosis bovina y de las prácticas corrientes para enfrentarla desde el conocimiento lego, en diálogo con el conocimiento profesional o experto. El texto ilustra el itinerario terapéutico iniciado al percibir ciertos cambios en el comportamiento y en el aspecto de los animales, describe el curso de acción para restituír la salud de éstos y se detiene en las decisiones que toman los ganaderos ante el fracaso de la cura, todo ello a expensas de que la fasciolosis bovina no constituye una enfermedad de declaración obligatoria. Los académicos en el ámbito de la medicina veterinaria nacional, están al tanto de aspectos básicos relacionados con el ciclo de vida del parásito, sin que estén familiarizados con la perspectiva del conocimiento lego alrededor de la enfermedad. Una mirada a este último podría contribuír al diseño de estrategias de control, toda vez que presenta en detalle al público interesado el mundo de dudas y de incertidumbre que se ha consolidado históricamente alrededor de la fasciolosis. La tendencia a concebirla como una nueva enfermedad y la escasa atención que reviste en comparación con otras enfermedades del ganado definidas en los planes sanitarios desfavorecen e

ABSTRAT. Carneiro M.B., Lima A.G., Fazio-Junior P.I., Tavares P.V., Magalhães V.S., Martins I.V.F. & Nunes L.C. [Triclabendazole effectiveness of treatment in fasciolosis clinical goats in Jerônimo Monteiro, ES]. Eficácia do triclabendazole no tratamento de fasciolose clínica em caprinos em Jerônimo Monteiro, ES. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 34(Supl. 1):1-4, 2012. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Caixa Postal 16, Alegre, ES 29500-000, Brasil. E-mail: isabella@cca.ufes.br The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of triclabendazole in the treatment of clinical fasciolosis in goats on a property in Jerônimo Monteiro, ES after parasitological diagnosis. Twenty-eight goats with signs of fasciolosis, created a system of semi-confinement property in the flooded area and the presence of the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica were treated with medications based on triclabendazole at a dose of 10mg/kg after confirmation of infection by stool examinations. Two animals died and came one animal was euthanized due to severe anemia and general debility. Both surveys found that after treatment all animals were negative for F. hepatica. In addition, the animals showed improvement in clinical symptoms. At necropsy of the three animals was observed fibrotic liver, with lesions and presence of the parasite in the liver ducts. The triclabendazole at a dose of 10mg/kg body weight was effective in the clinical treatment of fascioliasis in goats., O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do triclabendazole no tratamento de fasciolose clínica em caprinos numa propriedade em Jerônimo Monteiro, ES após diagnóstico coproparasitológico. Vinte e oito caprinos com sinais de fasciolose, criados num sistema de semi-confinamento em propriedade com área alagada e presença do hospedeiro intermediário de Fasciola hepatica foram tratados com medicamento a base de triclabendazole na dose de 10mg/Kg após confirmação da infecção por exame coproparasitológico. Dois animais vieram a óbito e um animal foi eutanasiado devido a debilidade geral e anemia severa. Os dois exames pós-tratamento constataram que todos os animais apresentaram resultado negativo para F. hepatica. Além disso, os animais apresentaram melhora no quadro clínico. À necropsia dos três animais foi possível observar fibrose hepática, com lesão e presença do parasito nos ductos hepáticos. O triclabendazole na dose de 10mg/kg de peso vivo se mostrou eficaz no tratamento de fasciolose clínica em caprinos.

de Leão A.G.C., Montalvão F.A., Sobreira R.R., Carneiro M.B., Fazio-Junior P.I., Tavares P.V., Magalhães V.S. & Martins I.V.F. [Efficacy of albendazole, albendazole sulfoxide and clorsulon in control of fasciolosis in dairy cattle]. Eficácia do albendazole, sulfóxido de albendazole e do clorsulon no controle da fasciolose em bovinos leiteiros. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 34(Supl. 1):11-14, 2012. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Caixa Postal 16, Alegre, ES 29500-000, Brasil. E-mail: isabella@cca.ufes.br The control of bovine fascioliasis should involve the use of chemicals and management measures, as restricting the areas contaminated with clams, among others. The absence of a product with triclabendazole and the need for the use of other active drugs to preserve the activity of triclabendazole encouraged this study, which aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of albendazole, albendazole sulfoxide and clorsulon in the treatment of F. hepatica in dairy cattle. The experiment was conducted in two stages: first, six animals were selected for the control group and 6 for the group treated with albendazole 10%. Feces were collected on days 0, +7 and +21 and sent to the Laboratory of Parasitology of the Veterinary Hospital of the Centre for Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (Hovet-CCA-UFES) for the sedimentation procedure described by Foreyt, for the presence of eggs of F. hepatica. In the second stage 18 cows were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals, as follows: Group I (control) and group II treated with albendazole sulfoxide 10% and group III treated with clorsulon 10%. Feces were collected on days 0 and +7, +14, +21 and +28. To calculate the overall effectiveness of the dewormers we used the following formula:% efficiency = (mean egg control group - mean eggs treatment group / mean egg control group) x 100. The efficacy of albendazole wa, O controle da fasciolose bovina deve associar o uso de produtos químicos com medidas de manejo como restrição a áreas contaminadas com moluscos, entre outras. A ausência de um produto no mercado brasileiro a base de triclabendazole associado a necessidade do uso de outros princípios ativos visando preservar a atividade do triclabendazole incentivou este estudo, que teve por objetivo avaliar a eficácia dos princípios ativos albendazole, sulfoxido de albendazole e clorsulon no tratamento da F. hepatica em bovinos leiteiros. O experimento foi realizado em 2 etapas: na primeira, foram selecionados 6 animais para o grupo controle e 6 para o grupo tratado com albendazole 10%. As fezes foram coletadas nos dias 0, +7 e +21 e encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Parasitologia do Hospital Veteriná- rio do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (HOVET-CCA-UFES) para procedimento da técnica de sedimentação descrita por Foreyt, para detecção da presença de ovos de F. hepatica. Na segunda etapa 18 vacas foram divididas em 3 grupos com 6 animais, sendo: grupo I (controle) e grupo II tratado com sulfoxido de albendazole 10% e grupo III tratado com clorsulon 10%. As fezes foram coletadas nos dias 0 e +7, +14, +21 e +28. Para o cálculo da eficácia geral dos vermífugos foi utilizada a seguinte formula: % eficácia = (média ovos grupo controle – média ovos grupo tratado/ média ovos grupo controle) x 100. A eficácia do albendazole foi de 19,64 e 26,53% aos 7 e 21 dias após o tratamento respectivamente. A eficácia do sulfóxido de albendazole foi de 71,56% e 78,65% aos 7 a 14 dias após o tratamento, não apresentando eficácia aos 21 e 28 dias. O clorsulon apresentou eficácia de 100%, no controle da fasciolose, durante os 28 dias de estudo.

A serological survey to gain more knowledge about bovine fasciolosis in Salto Department (Uruguay) by using an ELISA and excretory/secretory antigens was conducted. Blood samples were collected from 386 cattle from beef, dairy and/or mixed farms. Data obtained were analyzed regarding intrinsic (age, breed and gender) and extrinsic factors (aptitude). The relationship among these variables and the results was demonstrated by the estimation of odds ratio (OR) and prevalence ratio (PR) values. The cases were classified according the CHAID (Chi Squared Automatic Interaction Detection) test. An overall individual seroprevalence of 67% (IC95% 62, 72) was obtained, and the highest percentages in Angus cattle and younger than 2 yr were observed. Breed resulted the most influent factor, and then the age.Ninety-two percent (CI 95% 78, 100) of the bovine herds had ruminants positive to the ELISA.It was concluded that fasciolosis is a very important problem in the bovine farms from Uruguay, which underlines the need for the application of measures against the intermediate and definitive hosts to reduce its appearance, Se llevó a cabo una encuesta serológica en ganado vacuno del Departamento de Salto (Uruguay). Se tomaron muestras de sangre de 386 bovinos procedentes de 13 explotaciones de aptitud cárnica, láctea y mixta. Se utilizó la técnica ELISA con antígenos de excreción/secreción de fases adultas de F. hepatica. Los estas variables y los resultados se estableció con el cálculo de odds ratio (OR) y razón de prevalencias (RP). La clasificación de los casos se realizó mediante la prueba CHAID (Chi Squared Automatic Interaction Detection). La seroprevalencia individual de fasciolosis fue del 67% (IC95% 62, 72), con los porcentajes más elevados en ganado Angus y en los terneros menores de 2 años. El análisis simultáneo demostró que la raza, y a continuación la edad eran los factores más influyente. En el 92% (95% IC 78, 100) de las explotaciones se detectó al menos un bovino positivo al ELISA. Se concluye que la fasciolosis es un problema importante en el ganado vacuno de Uruguay, y se recalca la necesidad de la aplicación de medidas sobre el medio y los hospedadores para reducir su prevalencia datos se estudiaron según factores intrínsecos (edad, raza, sexo) y extrínsecos (aptitud). La relación entre

A formación que os alumnos adquiren sobre a disciplina de Enfermidades parasitarias achega ao profesional veterinario un amplo coñecemento sobre as causas, natureza, mecanismos de transmisión, acción patóxena, diagnose, tratamento e medidas de prevención e control dos principais procesos parasitarios que afectan ós animais, tanto de forma individual como colectiva, e especialmente, neste último caso, posto que as enfermidades parasitarias están entre os procesos patolóxicos máis comúns das colectividades animais. Así mesmo, os coñecementos adquiridos no estudo de Enfermidades parasitarias son básicos para controla-las afeccións que se transmiten dos animais ó home (zoonoses) e de certas enfermidades de declaración obrigatoria. Do mesmo xeito, o estudo desta disciplina é básico para establece-los correspondentes Programas de Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública Veterinaria que a administración debe elaborar e implantar para manter e mellorar no posible o estado da gandería española e da saúde humana.

Introduction: Liver fasciolosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease that affects human beings. It is caused by Fasciola hepatica, and it has a great impact in public health not only in Peru but also in many areas in the world. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in Caujul District, Oyon Province, Lima Department, and to determine possible associated risk factors. Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in August 2006, where 132 fecal samples from persons living in Caujul District representing every age group and comprising 37% of the total population were assessed. An anonymous survey was also administered to every participant, asking about habits and possible risk factors for acquiring Fasciola hepatica infection. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasitoses was 95.46% in the surveyed population. However, the total prevalence of fasciolosis was 1.12%. Amongst risk factors for acquiring Fasciola hepatica infection we found the following: lack of accessibility to basic services such as water and power supply, not knowing about the presence of the disease in domestic animals, eating aquatic plants, and living in a household near the garbage dump (Fisher test: 95% confidence interval, p<0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in Caujul District inhabitants was 1.12%, calculated for the general population of that place. Even though Caujul District may not qualify as an endemic zone for fasciolosis, we recommend having a preventive program in the area, allowing the general population, together with farmers and peasants to be informed about the different intestinal parasitic diseases affecting their community., Introducción: la fasciolosis hepática es una enfermedad parasitaria zoonótica que afecta al hombre causado por el tremátodo Faciola hepática, siendo una parasitosis de gran impacto en la salud pública del Perú y amplias zonas del mundo. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de la infección por Fasciola hepatica en los pobladores del distrito de Caujul, provincia de Oyón, departamento de Lima y determinar posibles factores de riesgo asociados. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el mes de agosto del año 2006, donde se procésaron 132 muestras de heces de pobladores de todas las edades del distrito de Caujul quienes representan el 37% de la población total. Se realizó en cada caso una encuesta anónima sobre hábitos de la población y posibles factores de riesgo para la adquisición de Fasciola hepatica. Resultados: la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en la población general fue de 95,46%. Sin embargo, la prevalencia total de Fasciolosis fue del 1,12 % . Dentro de los factores de riesgo para la adquisición de infección por Fasciola hepatica se destacaron: la menor accesibilidad a servicios básicos como agua y alumbrado eléctrico, el desconocimiento sobre presencia de enfermedad en animales de crianza , el consumo de plantas acuáticas de la zona y la proximidad de domicilio al botadero comunal de deshechos . (Test de Fisher : intervalo de confianza 95%, p < 0,05 ) Conclusiones: la prevalencia de Fasciola hepatica en los pobladores del distrito de Caujul fue del 1,12 % calculado en la población general del distrito. Si bien no podría calificarse como zona endémica para fasciolosis, se recomendaría mantener un programa abierto preventivo en la zona que permita a los pobladores, agricultores y ganaderos informarse sobre las diversas parasitosis intestinales que afectan a su comunidad.

[Aim] The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant status (vitamin C, E, A, zinc, copper, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde) of rat liver in chronic stage of fasciolosis after treatment with Zn-Cu mixed basic salt., [Methods] White Wistar rats were infected per os with 25 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. Application of (ZnxCu1-x)2(OH)3Cl salt started 6 weeks after the infection and was performed during 10 consecutive days., [Results] During the chronic stage of fasciolosis in the liver, a decrease of concentrations of vitamins C, E, A and of the trace elements Zn and Cu were observed together with a reduction of the Cu,Zn-superoxid dismutase (SOD) activity and an increase of catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Malondialdehyde concentration was elevated. Application of (ZnxCu1-x)2(OH)3Cl salt increased ihe concentrations mainly of vitamin E, but also of vitamin C and of the trace element Zn. On the other hand, only the activity of SOD was enhanced after salt treatrnent., [Conclusions] It seems that antioxidant imbalance was developed in the Fasciola hepatica infected liver rats during the chronic fasciolosis and that Zn-Cu salt improved the antioxidant defense abilities.