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1. Factors influencing terrestriality in primates of the Americas and Madagascar

Author

Eppley, Timothy M., Hoeks, Selwyn, Chapman, Colin A., Ganzhorn, Jörg U., Hall, Katie, Owen, Megan A., Adams, Dara B., Allgas, Néstor, Amato, Katherine R., Andriamahaihavana, McAntonin, Aristizabal, John F., Baden, Andrea L., Balestri, Michela, Barnett, Adrian A., Bicca-Marques, Júlio César, Bowler, Mark, Boyle, Sarah A., Brown, Meredith, Caillaud, Damien, Calegaro-Marques, Cláudia, Campbell, Christina J., Campera, Marco, Campos, Fernando A., Cardoso, Tatiane S., Carretero-Pinzón, Xyomara, Champion, Jane, Chaves, Óscar M., Chen-Kraus, Chloe, Colquhoun, Ian C., Dean, Brittany, Dubrueil, Colin, Ellis, Kelsey M., Erhart, Elizabeth M., Evans, Kayley J.E., Fedigan, Linda M., Felton, Annika M., Ferreira, Renata G., Fichtel, Claudia, Fonseca, Manuel L., Fontes, Isadora P., Fortes, Vanessa B., Fumian, Ivanyr, Gibson, Dean, Guzzo, Guilherme B., Hartwell, Kayla S., Heymann, Eckhard W., Hilário, Renato R., Holmes, Sheila M., Irwin, Mitchell T., Johnson, Steig E., Kappeler, Peter M., Kelley, Elizabeth A., King, Tony, Knogge, Christoph, Koch, Flávia, Kowalewski, Martin M., Lange, Liselot R., Lauterbur, M. Elise, Louis, Edward E., Jr., Lutz, Meredith C., Martínez, Jesús, Melin, Amanda D., de Melo, Fabiano R., Mihaminekena, Tsimisento H., Mogilewsky, Monica S., Moreira, Leandro S., Moura, Letícia A., Muhle, Carina B., Nagy-Reis, Mariana B., Norconk, Marilyn A., Notman, Hugh, O’Mara, M. Teague, Ostner, Julia, Patel, Erik R., Pavelka, Mary S.M., Pinacho-Guendulain, Braulio, Porter, Leila M., Pozo-Montuy, Gilberto, Raboy, Becky E., Rahalinarivo, Vololonirina, Raharinoro, Njaratiana A., Rakotomalala, Zafimahery, Ramos-Fernández, Gabriel, Rasamisoa, Delaïd C., Ratsimbazafy, Jonah, Ravaloharimanitra, Maholy, Razafindramanana, Josia, Razanaparany, Tojotanjona P., Righini, Nicoletta, Robson, Nicola M., da Rosa Gonçalves, Jonas, Sanamo, Justin, Santacruz, Nicole, Sato Hiroki, Sauther, Michelle L., Scarry, Clara J., Serio-Silva, Juan Carlos, Shanee, Sam; de Souza Lins, Poliana G.A.; Smith, Andrew C.; Smith Aguilar, Sandra E.; Souza-Alves, João Pedro; Stavis, Vanessa Katherinne; Steffens, Kim J.E.; Stone, Anita I.; Strier, Karen B.; Suarez, Scott A.; Talebi, Maurício; Tecot, Stacey R.; Tujague, M. Paula; Valenta, Kim; Van Belle, Sarie; Vasey, Natalie; Wallace, Robert B.; Welch, Gilroy; Wright, Patricia C., Donati, Giuseppe, Santini, Luca, Eppley, Timothy M., Hoeks, Selwyn, Chapman, Colin A., Ganzhorn, Jörg U., Hall, Katie, Owen, Megan A., Adams, Dara B., Allgas, Néstor, Amato, Katherine R., Andriamahaihavana, McAntonin, Aristizabal, John F., Baden, Andrea L., Balestri, Michela, Barnett, Adrian A., Bicca-Marques, Júlio César, Bowler, Mark, Boyle, Sarah A., Brown, Meredith, Caillaud, Damien, Calegaro-Marques, Cláudia, Campbell, Christina J., Campera, Marco, Campos, Fernando A., Cardoso, Tatiane S., Carretero-Pinzón, Xyomara, Champion, Jane, Chaves, Óscar M., Chen-Kraus, Chloe, Colquhoun, Ian C., Dean, Brittany, Dubrueil, Colin, Ellis, Kelsey M., Erhart, Elizabeth M., Evans, Kayley J.E., Fedigan, Linda M., Felton, Annika M., Ferreira, Renata G., Fichtel, Claudia, Fonseca, Manuel L., Fontes, Isadora P., Fortes, Vanessa B., Fumian, Ivanyr, Gibson, Dean, Guzzo, Guilherme B., Hartwell, Kayla S., Heymann, Eckhard W., Hilário, Renato R., Holmes, Sheila M., Irwin, Mitchell T., Johnson, Steig E., Kappeler, Peter M., Kelley, Elizabeth A., King, Tony, Knogge, Christoph, Koch, Flávia, Kowalewski, Martin M., Lange, Liselot R., Lauterbur, M. Elise, Louis, Edward E., Jr., Lutz, Meredith C., Martínez, Jesús, Melin, Amanda D., de Melo, Fabiano R., Mihaminekena, Tsimisento H., Mogilewsky, Monica S., Moreira, Leandro S., Moura, Letícia A., Muhle, Carina B., Nagy-Reis, Mariana B., Norconk, Marilyn A., Notman, Hugh, O’Mara, M. Teague, Ostner, Julia, Patel, Erik R., Pavelka, Mary S.M., Pinacho-Guendulain, Braulio, Porter, Leila M., Pozo-Montuy, Gilberto, Raboy, Becky E., Rahalinarivo, Vololonirina, Raharinoro, Njaratiana A., Rakotomalala, Zafimahery, Ramos-Fernández, Gabriel, Rasamisoa, Delaïd C., Ratsimbazafy, Jonah, Ravaloharimanitra, Maholy, Razafindramanana, Josia, Razanaparany, Tojotanjona P., Righini, Nicoletta, Robson, Nicola M., da Rosa Gonçalves, Jonas, Sanamo, Justin, Santacruz, Nicole, Sato Hiroki, Sauther, Michelle L., Scarry, Clara J., Serio-Silva, Juan Carlos, Shanee, Sam; de Souza Lins, Poliana G.A.; Smith, Andrew C.; Smith Aguilar, Sandra E.; Souza-Alves, João Pedro; Stavis, Vanessa Katherinne; Steffens, Kim J.E.; Stone, Anita I.; Strier, Karen B.; Suarez, Scott A.; Talebi, Maurício; Tecot, Stacey R.; Tujague, M. Paula; Valenta, Kim; Van Belle, Sarie; Vasey, Natalie; Wallace, Robert B.; Welch, Gilroy; Wright, Patricia C., Donati, Giuseppe, and Santini, Luca

Abstract

Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the taxa are arboreal, semiterrestrial, or terrestrial. Although habitual terrestriality is pervasive among the apes and African and Asian monkeys (catarrhines), it is largely absent among monkeys of the Americas (platyrrhines), as well as galagos, lemurs, and lorises (strepsirrhines), which are mostly arboreal. Numerous ecological drivers and species-specific factors are suggested to set the conditions for an evolutionary shift from arboreality to terrestriality, and current environmental conditions may provide analogous scenarios to those transitional periods. Therefore, we investigated predominantly arboreal, diurnal primate genera from the Americas and Madagascar that lack fully terrestrial taxa, to determine whether ecological drivers (habitat canopy cover, predation risk, maximum temperature, precipitation, primate species richness, human population density, and distance to roads) or species-specific traits (body mass, group size, and degree of frugivory) associate with increased terrestriality. We collated 150,961 observation hours across 2,227 months from 47 species at 20 sites in Madagascar and 48 sites in the Americas. Multiple factors were associated with ground use in these otherwise arboreal species, including increased temperature, a decrease in canopy cover, a dietary shift away from frugivory, and larger group size. These factors mostly explain intraspecific differences in terrestriality. As humanity modifies habitats and causes climate change, our results suggest that species already inhabiting hot, sparsely canopied sites, and exhibiting more generalized diets, are more likely to shift toward greater ground use.

Published
2022

2. Factors influencing terrestriality in primates of the Americas and Madagascar.

Author

Eppley, Timothy M, Eppley, Timothy M, Hoeks, Selwyn, Chapman, Colin A, Ganzhorn, Jörg U, Hall, Katie, Owen, Megan A, Adams, Dara B, Allgas, Néstor, Amato, Katherine R, Andriamahaihavana, McAntonin, Aristizabal, John F, Baden, Andrea L, Balestri, Michela, Barnett, Adrian A, Bicca-Marques, Júlio César, Bowler, Mark, Boyle, Sarah A, Brown, Meredith, Caillaud, Damien, Calegaro-Marques, Cláudia, Campbell, Christina J, Campera, Marco, Campos, Fernando A, Cardoso, Tatiane S, Carretero-Pinzón, Xyomara, Champion, Jane, Chaves, Óscar M, Chen-Kraus, Chloe, Colquhoun, Ian C, Dean, Brittany, Dubrueil, Colin, Ellis, Kelsey M, Erhart, Elizabeth M, Evans, Kayley JE, Fedigan, Linda M, Felton, Annika M, Ferreira, Renata G, Fichtel, Claudia, Fonseca, Manuel L, Fontes, Isadora P, Fortes, Vanessa B, Fumian, Ivanyr, Gibson, Dean, Guzzo, Guilherme B, Hartwell, Kayla S, Heymann, Eckhard W, Hilário, Renato R, Holmes, Sheila M, Irwin, Mitchell T, Johnson, Steig E, Kappeler, Peter M, Kelley, Elizabeth A, King, Tony, Knogge, Christoph, Koch, Flávia, Kowalewski, Martin M, Lange, Liselot R, Lauterbur, M Elise, Louis, Edward E, Lutz, Meredith C, Martínez, Jesús, Melin, Amanda D, de Melo, Fabiano R, Mihaminekena, Tsimisento H, Mogilewsky, Monica S, Moreira, Leandro S, Moura, Letícia A, Muhle, Carina B, Nagy-Reis, Mariana B, Norconk, Marilyn A, Notman, Hugh, O'Mara, M Teague, Ostner, Julia, Patel, Erik R, Pavelka, Mary SM, Pinacho-Guendulain, Braulio, Porter, Leila M, Pozo-Montuy, Gilberto, Raboy, Becky E, Rahalinarivo, Vololonirina, Raharinoro, Njaratiana A, Rakotomalala, Zafimahery, Ramos-Fernández, Gabriel, Rasamisoa, Delaïd C, Ratsimbazafy, Jonah, Ravaloharimanitra, Maholy, Razafindramanana, Josia, Razanaparany, Tojotanjona P, Righini, Nicoletta, Robson, Nicola M, Gonçalves, Jonas da Rosa, Sanamo, Justin, Santacruz, Nicole, Sato, Hiroki, Sauther, Michelle L, Scarry, Clara J, Serio-Silva, Juan Carlos, Shanee, Sam, Lins, Poliana GA de Souza, Smith, Andrew C, Eppley, Timothy M, Eppley, Timothy M, Hoeks, Selwyn, Chapman, Colin A, Ganzhorn, Jörg U, Hall, Katie, Owen, Megan A, Adams, Dara B, Allgas, Néstor, Amato, Katherine R, Andriamahaihavana, McAntonin, Aristizabal, John F, Baden, Andrea L, Balestri, Michela, Barnett, Adrian A, Bicca-Marques, Júlio César, Bowler, Mark, Boyle, Sarah A, Brown, Meredith, Caillaud, Damien, Calegaro-Marques, Cláudia, Campbell, Christina J, Campera, Marco, Campos, Fernando A, Cardoso, Tatiane S, Carretero-Pinzón, Xyomara, Champion, Jane, Chaves, Óscar M, Chen-Kraus, Chloe, Colquhoun, Ian C, Dean, Brittany, Dubrueil, Colin, Ellis, Kelsey M, Erhart, Elizabeth M, Evans, Kayley JE, Fedigan, Linda M, Felton, Annika M, Ferreira, Renata G, Fichtel, Claudia, Fonseca, Manuel L, Fontes, Isadora P, Fortes, Vanessa B, Fumian, Ivanyr, Gibson, Dean, Guzzo, Guilherme B, Hartwell, Kayla S, Heymann, Eckhard W, Hilário, Renato R, Holmes, Sheila M, Irwin, Mitchell T, Johnson, Steig E, Kappeler, Peter M, Kelley, Elizabeth A, King, Tony, Knogge, Christoph, Koch, Flávia, Kowalewski, Martin M, Lange, Liselot R, Lauterbur, M Elise, Louis, Edward E, Lutz, Meredith C, Martínez, Jesús, Melin, Amanda D, de Melo, Fabiano R, Mihaminekena, Tsimisento H, Mogilewsky, Monica S, Moreira, Leandro S, Moura, Letícia A, Muhle, Carina B, Nagy-Reis, Mariana B, Norconk, Marilyn A, Notman, Hugh, O'Mara, M Teague, Ostner, Julia, Patel, Erik R, Pavelka, Mary SM, Pinacho-Guendulain, Braulio, Porter, Leila M, Pozo-Montuy, Gilberto, Raboy, Becky E, Rahalinarivo, Vololonirina, Raharinoro, Njaratiana A, Rakotomalala, Zafimahery, Ramos-Fernández, Gabriel, Rasamisoa, Delaïd C, Ratsimbazafy, Jonah, Ravaloharimanitra, Maholy, Razafindramanana, Josia, Razanaparany, Tojotanjona P, Righini, Nicoletta, Robson, Nicola M, Gonçalves, Jonas da Rosa, Sanamo, Justin, Santacruz, Nicole, Sato, Hiroki, Sauther, Michelle L, Scarry, Clara J, Serio-Silva, Juan Carlos, Shanee, Sam, Lins, Poliana GA de Souza, and Smith, Andrew C

Abstract

Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the taxa are arboreal, semiterrestrial, or terrestrial. Although habitual terrestriality is pervasive among the apes and African and Asian monkeys (catarrhines), it is largely absent among monkeys of the Americas (platyrrhines), as well as galagos, lemurs, and lorises (strepsirrhines), which are mostly arboreal. Numerous ecological drivers and species-specific factors are suggested to set the conditions for an evolutionary shift from arboreality to terrestriality, and current environmental conditions may provide analogous scenarios to those transitional periods. Therefore, we investigated predominantly arboreal, diurnal primate genera from the Americas and Madagascar that lack fully terrestrial taxa, to determine whether ecological drivers (habitat canopy cover, predation risk, maximum temperature, precipitation, primate species richness, human population density, and distance to roads) or species-specific traits (body mass, group size, and degree of frugivory) associate with increased terrestriality. We collated 150,961 observation hours across 2,227 months from 47 species at 20 sites in Madagascar and 48 sites in the Americas. Multiple factors were associated with ground use in these otherwise arboreal species, including increased temperature, a decrease in canopy cover, a dietary shift away from frugivory, and larger group size. These factors mostly explain intraspecific differences in terrestriality. As humanity modifies habitats and causes climate change, our results suggest that species already inhabiting hot, sparsely canopied sites, and exhibiting more generalized diets, are more likely to shift toward greater ground use.

Published
2022

3. Factors influencing terrestriality in primates of the Americas and Madagascar

Author

Eppley, Timothy M., Hoeks, Selwyn, Chapman, Colin A., Ganzhorn, Jörg U., Hall, Katie, Owen, Megan A., Adams, Dara B., Allgas, Néstor, Amato, Katherine R., Andriamahaihavana, McAntonin, Aristizabal, John F., Baden, Andrea L., Balestri, Michela, Barnett, Adrian A., Bicca-Marques, Júlio César, Bowler, Mark, Boyle, Sarah A., Brown, Meredith, Caillaud, Damien, Calegaro-Marques, Cláudia, Campbell, Christina J., Campera, Marco, Campos, Fernando A., Cardoso, Tatiane S., Carretero-Pinzón, Xyomara, Champion, Jane, Chaves, Óscar M., Chen-Kraus, Chloe, Colquhoun, Ian C., Dean, Brittany, Dubrueil, Colin, Ellis, Kelsey M., Erhart, Elizabeth M., Evans, Kayley J. E., Fedigan, Linda M., Felton, Annika M., Ferreira, Renata G., Fichtel, Claudia, Fonseca, Manuel L., Fontes, Isadora P., Fortes, Vanessa B., Fumian, Ivanyr, Gibson, Dean, Guzzo, Guilherme B., Hartwell, Kayla S., Heymann, Eckhard W., Hilário, Renato R., Holmes, Sheila M., Irwin, Mitchell T., Johnson, Steig E., Kappeler, Peter M., Kelley, Elizabeth A., King, Tony, Knogge, Christoph, Koch, Flávia, Kowalewski, Martin M., Lange, Liselot R., Lauterbur, M. Elise, Louis, Edward E., Lutz, Meredith C., Martínez, Jesús, Melin, Amanda D., de Melo, Fabiano R., Mihaminekena, Tsimisento H., Mogilewsky, Monica S., Moreira, Leandro S., Moura, Letícia A., Muhle, Carina B., Nagy-Reis, Mariana B., Norconk, Marilyn A., Notman, Hugh, O’Mara, M. Teague, Ostner, Julia, Patel, Erik R., Pavelka, Mary S. M., Pinacho-Guendulain, Braulio, Porter, Leila M., Pozo-Montuy, Gilberto, Raboy, Becky E., Rahalinarivo, Vololonirina, Raharinoro, Njaratiana A., Rakotomalala, Zafimahery, Ramos-Fernández, Gabriel, Rasamisoa, Delaïd C., Ratsimbazafy, Jonah, Ravaloharimanitra, Maholy, Razafindramanana, Josia, Razanaparany, Tojotanjona P., Righini, Nicoletta, Robson, Nicola M., Gonçalves, Jonas da Rosa, Sanamo, Justin, Santacruz, Nicole, Sato, Hiroki, Sauther, Michelle L., Scarry, Clara J., Serio-Silva, Juan Carlos, Shanee, Sam, Lins, Poliana G. A. de Souza, Smith, Andrew C., Smith Aguilar, Sandra E., Souza-Alves, João Pedro, Stavis, Vanessa Katherinne, Steffens, Kim J. E., Stone, Anita I., Strier, Karen B., Suarez, Scott A., Talebi, Maurício, Tecot, Stacey R., Tujague, M. Paula, Valenta, Kim, Van Belle, Sarie, Vasey, Natalie, Wallace, Robert B., Welch, Gilroy, Wright, Patricia C., Donati, Giuseppe, Santini, Luca, Eppley, Timothy M., Hoeks, Selwyn, Chapman, Colin A., Ganzhorn, Jörg U., Hall, Katie, Owen, Megan A., Adams, Dara B., Allgas, Néstor, Amato, Katherine R., Andriamahaihavana, McAntonin, Aristizabal, John F., Baden, Andrea L., Balestri, Michela, Barnett, Adrian A., Bicca-Marques, Júlio César, Bowler, Mark, Boyle, Sarah A., Brown, Meredith, Caillaud, Damien, Calegaro-Marques, Cláudia, Campbell, Christina J., Campera, Marco, Campos, Fernando A., Cardoso, Tatiane S., Carretero-Pinzón, Xyomara, Champion, Jane, Chaves, Óscar M., Chen-Kraus, Chloe, Colquhoun, Ian C., Dean, Brittany, Dubrueil, Colin, Ellis, Kelsey M., Erhart, Elizabeth M., Evans, Kayley J. E., Fedigan, Linda M., Felton, Annika M., Ferreira, Renata G., Fichtel, Claudia, Fonseca, Manuel L., Fontes, Isadora P., Fortes, Vanessa B., Fumian, Ivanyr, Gibson, Dean, Guzzo, Guilherme B., Hartwell, Kayla S., Heymann, Eckhard W., Hilário, Renato R., Holmes, Sheila M., Irwin, Mitchell T., Johnson, Steig E., Kappeler, Peter M., Kelley, Elizabeth A., King, Tony, Knogge, Christoph, Koch, Flávia, Kowalewski, Martin M., Lange, Liselot R., Lauterbur, M. Elise, Louis, Edward E., Lutz, Meredith C., Martínez, Jesús, Melin, Amanda D., de Melo, Fabiano R., Mihaminekena, Tsimisento H., Mogilewsky, Monica S., Moreira, Leandro S., Moura, Letícia A., Muhle, Carina B., Nagy-Reis, Mariana B., Norconk, Marilyn A., Notman, Hugh, O’Mara, M. Teague, Ostner, Julia, Patel, Erik R., Pavelka, Mary S. M., Pinacho-Guendulain, Braulio, Porter, Leila M., Pozo-Montuy, Gilberto, Raboy, Becky E., Rahalinarivo, Vololonirina, Raharinoro, Njaratiana A., Rakotomalala, Zafimahery, Ramos-Fernández, Gabriel, Rasamisoa, Delaïd C., Ratsimbazafy, Jonah, Ravaloharimanitra, Maholy, Razafindramanana, Josia, Razanaparany, Tojotanjona P., Righini, Nicoletta, Robson, Nicola M., Gonçalves, Jonas da Rosa, Sanamo, Justin, Santacruz, Nicole, Sato, Hiroki, Sauther, Michelle L., Scarry, Clara J., Serio-Silva, Juan Carlos, Shanee, Sam, Lins, Poliana G. A. de Souza, Smith, Andrew C., Smith Aguilar, Sandra E., Souza-Alves, João Pedro, Stavis, Vanessa Katherinne, Steffens, Kim J. E., Stone, Anita I., Strier, Karen B., Suarez, Scott A., Talebi, Maurício, Tecot, Stacey R., Tujague, M. Paula, Valenta, Kim, Van Belle, Sarie, Vasey, Natalie, Wallace, Robert B., Welch, Gilroy, Wright, Patricia C., Donati, Giuseppe, and Santini, Luca

Abstract

Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the taxa are arboreal, semiterrestrial, or terrestrial. Although habitual terrestriality is pervasive among the apes and African and Asian monkeys (catarrhines), it is largely absent among monkeys of the Americas (platyrrhines), as well as galagos, lemurs, and lorises (strepsirrhines), which are mostly arboreal. Numerous ecological drivers and species-specific factors are suggested to set the conditions for an evolutionary shift from arboreality to terrestriality, and current environmental conditions may provide analogous scenarios to those transitional periods. Therefore, we investigated predominantly arboreal, diurnal primate genera from the Americas and Madagascar that lack fully terrestrial taxa, to determine whether ecological drivers (habitat canopy cover, predation risk, maximum temperature, precipitation, primate species richness, human population density, and distance to roads) or species-specific traits (body mass, group size, and degree of frugivory) associate with increased terrestriality. We collated 150,961 observation hours across 2,227 months from 47 species at 20 sites in Madagascar and 48 sites in the Americas. Multiple factors were associated with ground use in these otherwise arboreal species, including increased temperature, a decrease in canopy cover, a dietary shift away from frugivory, and larger group size. These factors mostly explain intraspecific differences in terrestriality. As humanity modifies habitats and causes climate change, our results suggest that species already inhabiting hot, sparsely canopied sites, and exhibiting more generalized diets, are more likely to shift toward greater ground use.

Published
2022

4. Maternal death and offspring fitness in multiple wild primates.

Author

Zipple, Matthew N, Zipple, Matthew N, Altmann, Jeanne, Campos, Fernando A, Cords, Marina, Fedigan, Linda M, Lawler, Richard R, Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V, Perry, Susan, Pusey, Anne E, Stoinski, Tara S, Strier, Karen B, Alberts, Susan C, Zipple, Matthew N, Zipple, Matthew N, Altmann, Jeanne, Campos, Fernando A, Cords, Marina, Fedigan, Linda M, Lawler, Richard R, Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V, Perry, Susan, Pusey, Anne E, Stoinski, Tara S, Strier, Karen B, and Alberts, Susan C

Abstract

Primate offspring often depend on their mothers well beyond the age of weaning, and offspring that experience maternal death in early life can suffer substantial reductions in fitness across the life span. Here, we leverage data from eight wild primate populations (seven species) to examine two underappreciated pathways linking early maternal death and offspring fitness that are distinct from direct effects of orphaning on offspring survival. First, we show that, for five of the seven species, offspring face reduced survival during the years immediately preceding maternal death, while the mother is still alive. Second, we identify an intergenerational effect of early maternal loss in three species (muriquis, baboons, and blue monkeys), such that early maternal death experienced in one generation leads to reduced offspring survival in the next. Our results have important implications for the evolution of slow life histories in primates, as they suggest that maternal condition and survival are more important for offspring fitness than previously realized.

Published
2021

5. The long lives of primates and the 'invariant rate of ageing' hypothesis.

Author

Colchero, Fernando, Colchero, Fernando, Aburto, José Manuel, Archie, Elizabeth A, Boesch, Christophe, Breuer, Thomas, Campos, Fernando A, Collins, Anthony, Conde, Dalia A, Cords, Marina, Crockford, Catherine, Thompson, Melissa Emery, Fedigan, Linda M, Fichtel, Claudia, Groenenberg, Milou, Hobaiter, Catherine, Kappeler, Peter M, Lawler, Richard R, Lewis, Rebecca J, Machanda, Zarin P, Manguette, Marie L, Muller, Martin N, Packer, Craig, Parnell, Richard J, Perry, Susan, Pusey, Anne E, Robbins, Martha M, Seyfarth, Robert M, Silk, Joan B, Staerk, Johanna, Stoinski, Tara S, Stokes, Emma J, Strier, Karen B, Strum, Shirley C, Tung, Jenny, Villavicencio, Francisco, Wittig, Roman M, Wrangham, Richard W, Zuberbühler, Klaus, Vaupel, James W, Alberts, Susan C, Colchero, Fernando, Colchero, Fernando, Aburto, José Manuel, Archie, Elizabeth A, Boesch, Christophe, Breuer, Thomas, Campos, Fernando A, Collins, Anthony, Conde, Dalia A, Cords, Marina, Crockford, Catherine, Thompson, Melissa Emery, Fedigan, Linda M, Fichtel, Claudia, Groenenberg, Milou, Hobaiter, Catherine, Kappeler, Peter M, Lawler, Richard R, Lewis, Rebecca J, Machanda, Zarin P, Manguette, Marie L, Muller, Martin N, Packer, Craig, Parnell, Richard J, Perry, Susan, Pusey, Anne E, Robbins, Martha M, Seyfarth, Robert M, Silk, Joan B, Staerk, Johanna, Stoinski, Tara S, Stokes, Emma J, Strier, Karen B, Strum, Shirley C, Tung, Jenny, Villavicencio, Francisco, Wittig, Roman M, Wrangham, Richard W, Zuberbühler, Klaus, Vaupel, James W, and Alberts, Susan C

Abstract

Is it possible to slow the rate of ageing, or do biological constraints limit its plasticity? We test the 'invariant rate of ageing' hypothesis, which posits that the rate of ageing is relatively fixed within species, with a collection of 39 human and nonhuman primate datasets across seven genera. We first recapitulate, in nonhuman primates, the highly regular relationship between life expectancy and lifespan equality seen in humans. We next demonstrate that variation in the rate of ageing within genera is orders of magnitude smaller than variation in pre-adult and age-independent mortality. Finally, we demonstrate that changes in the rate of ageing, but not other mortality parameters, produce striking, species-atypical changes in mortality patterns. Our results support the invariant rate of ageing hypothesis, implying biological constraints on how much the human rate of ageing can be slowed.

Published
2021

6. The long lives of primates and the 'invariant rate of ageing' hypothesis.

Author

Colchero, Fernando, Colchero, Fernando, Aburto, José Manuel, Archie, Elizabeth A, Boesch, Christophe, Breuer, Thomas, Campos, Fernando A, Collins, Anthony, Conde, Dalia A, Cords, Marina, Crockford, Catherine, Thompson, Melissa Emery, Fedigan, Linda M, Fichtel, Claudia, Groenenberg, Milou, Hobaiter, Catherine, Kappeler, Peter M, Lawler, Richard R, Lewis, Rebecca J, Machanda, Zarin P, Manguette, Marie L, Muller, Martin N, Packer, Craig, Parnell, Richard J, Perry, Susan, Pusey, Anne E, Robbins, Martha M, Seyfarth, Robert M, Silk, Joan B, Staerk, Johanna, Stoinski, Tara S, Stokes, Emma J, Strier, Karen B, Strum, Shirley C, Tung, Jenny, Villavicencio, Francisco, Wittig, Roman M, Wrangham, Richard W, Zuberbühler, Klaus, Vaupel, James W, Alberts, Susan C, Colchero, Fernando, Colchero, Fernando, Aburto, José Manuel, Archie, Elizabeth A, Boesch, Christophe, Breuer, Thomas, Campos, Fernando A, Collins, Anthony, Conde, Dalia A, Cords, Marina, Crockford, Catherine, Thompson, Melissa Emery, Fedigan, Linda M, Fichtel, Claudia, Groenenberg, Milou, Hobaiter, Catherine, Kappeler, Peter M, Lawler, Richard R, Lewis, Rebecca J, Machanda, Zarin P, Manguette, Marie L, Muller, Martin N, Packer, Craig, Parnell, Richard J, Perry, Susan, Pusey, Anne E, Robbins, Martha M, Seyfarth, Robert M, Silk, Joan B, Staerk, Johanna, Stoinski, Tara S, Stokes, Emma J, Strier, Karen B, Strum, Shirley C, Tung, Jenny, Villavicencio, Francisco, Wittig, Roman M, Wrangham, Richard W, Zuberbühler, Klaus, Vaupel, James W, and Alberts, Susan C

Abstract

Is it possible to slow the rate of ageing, or do biological constraints limit its plasticity? We test the 'invariant rate of ageing' hypothesis, which posits that the rate of ageing is relatively fixed within species, with a collection of 39 human and nonhuman primate datasets across seven genera. We first recapitulate, in nonhuman primates, the highly regular relationship between life expectancy and lifespan equality seen in humans. We next demonstrate that variation in the rate of ageing within genera is orders of magnitude smaller than variation in pre-adult and age-independent mortality. Finally, we demonstrate that changes in the rate of ageing, but not other mortality parameters, produce striking, species-atypical changes in mortality patterns. Our results support the invariant rate of ageing hypothesis, implying biological constraints on how much the human rate of ageing can be slowed.

Published
2021

7. The long lives of primates and the 'invariant rate of ageing' hypothesis.

Author

Colchero, Fernando, Colchero, Fernando, Aburto, José Manuel, Archie, Elizabeth A, Boesch, Christophe, Breuer, Thomas, Campos, Fernando A, Collins, Anthony, Conde, Dalia A, Cords, Marina, Crockford, Catherine, Thompson, Melissa Emery, Fedigan, Linda M, Fichtel, Claudia, Groenenberg, Milou, Hobaiter, Catherine, Kappeler, Peter M, Lawler, Richard R, Lewis, Rebecca J, Machanda, Zarin P, Manguette, Marie L, Muller, Martin N, Packer, Craig, Parnell, Richard J, Perry, Susan, Pusey, Anne E, Robbins, Martha M, Seyfarth, Robert M, Silk, Joan B, Staerk, Johanna, Stoinski, Tara S, Stokes, Emma J, Strier, Karen B, Strum, Shirley C, Tung, Jenny, Villavicencio, Francisco, Wittig, Roman M, Wrangham, Richard W, Zuberbühler, Klaus, Vaupel, James W, Alberts, Susan C, Colchero, Fernando, Colchero, Fernando, Aburto, José Manuel, Archie, Elizabeth A, Boesch, Christophe, Breuer, Thomas, Campos, Fernando A, Collins, Anthony, Conde, Dalia A, Cords, Marina, Crockford, Catherine, Thompson, Melissa Emery, Fedigan, Linda M, Fichtel, Claudia, Groenenberg, Milou, Hobaiter, Catherine, Kappeler, Peter M, Lawler, Richard R, Lewis, Rebecca J, Machanda, Zarin P, Manguette, Marie L, Muller, Martin N, Packer, Craig, Parnell, Richard J, Perry, Susan, Pusey, Anne E, Robbins, Martha M, Seyfarth, Robert M, Silk, Joan B, Staerk, Johanna, Stoinski, Tara S, Stokes, Emma J, Strier, Karen B, Strum, Shirley C, Tung, Jenny, Villavicencio, Francisco, Wittig, Roman M, Wrangham, Richard W, Zuberbühler, Klaus, Vaupel, James W, and Alberts, Susan C

Abstract

Is it possible to slow the rate of ageing, or do biological constraints limit its plasticity? We test the 'invariant rate of ageing' hypothesis, which posits that the rate of ageing is relatively fixed within species, with a collection of 39 human and nonhuman primate datasets across seven genera. We first recapitulate, in nonhuman primates, the highly regular relationship between life expectancy and lifespan equality seen in humans. We next demonstrate that variation in the rate of ageing within genera is orders of magnitude smaller than variation in pre-adult and age-independent mortality. Finally, we demonstrate that changes in the rate of ageing, but not other mortality parameters, produce striking, species-atypical changes in mortality patterns. Our results support the invariant rate of ageing hypothesis, implying biological constraints on how much the human rate of ageing can be slowed.

Published
2021

8. Maternal death and offspring fitness in multiple wild primates.

Author

Zipple, Matthew N, Zipple, Matthew N, Altmann, Jeanne, Campos, Fernando A, Cords, Marina, Fedigan, Linda M, Lawler, Richard R, Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V, Perry, Susan, Pusey, Anne E, Stoinski, Tara S, Strier, Karen B, Alberts, Susan C, Zipple, Matthew N, Zipple, Matthew N, Altmann, Jeanne, Campos, Fernando A, Cords, Marina, Fedigan, Linda M, Lawler, Richard R, Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V, Perry, Susan, Pusey, Anne E, Stoinski, Tara S, Strier, Karen B, and Alberts, Susan C

Abstract

Primate offspring often depend on their mothers well beyond the age of weaning, and offspring that experience maternal death in early life can suffer substantial reductions in fitness across the life span. Here, we leverage data from eight wild primate populations (seven species) to examine two underappreciated pathways linking early maternal death and offspring fitness that are distinct from direct effects of orphaning on offspring survival. First, we show that, for five of the seven species, offspring face reduced survival during the years immediately preceding maternal death, while the mother is still alive. Second, we identify an intergenerational effect of early maternal loss in three species (muriquis, baboons, and blue monkeys), such that early maternal death experienced in one generation leads to reduced offspring survival in the next. Our results have important implications for the evolution of slow life histories in primates, as they suggest that maternal condition and survival are more important for offspring fitness than previously realized.

Published
2021

9. The long lives of primates and the 'invariant rate of ageing' hypothesis.

Author

Colchero, Fernando, Colchero, Fernando, Aburto, José Manuel, Archie, Elizabeth A, Boesch, Christophe, Breuer, Thomas, Campos, Fernando A, Collins, Anthony, Conde, Dalia A, Cords, Marina, Crockford, Catherine, Thompson, Melissa Emery, Fedigan, Linda M, Fichtel, Claudia, Groenenberg, Milou, Hobaiter, Catherine, Kappeler, Peter M, Lawler, Richard R, Lewis, Rebecca J, Machanda, Zarin P, Manguette, Marie L, Muller, Martin N, Packer, Craig, Parnell, Richard J, Perry, Susan, Pusey, Anne E, Robbins, Martha M, Seyfarth, Robert M, Silk, Joan B, Staerk, Johanna, Stoinski, Tara S, Stokes, Emma J, Strier, Karen B, Strum, Shirley C, Tung, Jenny, Villavicencio, Francisco, Wittig, Roman M, Wrangham, Richard W, Zuberbühler, Klaus, Vaupel, James W, Alberts, Susan C, Colchero, Fernando, Colchero, Fernando, Aburto, José Manuel, Archie, Elizabeth A, Boesch, Christophe, Breuer, Thomas, Campos, Fernando A, Collins, Anthony, Conde, Dalia A, Cords, Marina, Crockford, Catherine, Thompson, Melissa Emery, Fedigan, Linda M, Fichtel, Claudia, Groenenberg, Milou, Hobaiter, Catherine, Kappeler, Peter M, Lawler, Richard R, Lewis, Rebecca J, Machanda, Zarin P, Manguette, Marie L, Muller, Martin N, Packer, Craig, Parnell, Richard J, Perry, Susan, Pusey, Anne E, Robbins, Martha M, Seyfarth, Robert M, Silk, Joan B, Staerk, Johanna, Stoinski, Tara S, Stokes, Emma J, Strier, Karen B, Strum, Shirley C, Tung, Jenny, Villavicencio, Francisco, Wittig, Roman M, Wrangham, Richard W, Zuberbühler, Klaus, Vaupel, James W, and Alberts, Susan C

Abstract

Is it possible to slow the rate of ageing, or do biological constraints limit its plasticity? We test the 'invariant rate of ageing' hypothesis, which posits that the rate of ageing is relatively fixed within species, with a collection of 39 human and nonhuman primate datasets across seven genera. We first recapitulate, in nonhuman primates, the highly regular relationship between life expectancy and lifespan equality seen in humans. We next demonstrate that variation in the rate of ageing within genera is orders of magnitude smaller than variation in pre-adult and age-independent mortality. Finally, we demonstrate that changes in the rate of ageing, but not other mortality parameters, produce striking, species-atypical changes in mortality patterns. Our results support the invariant rate of ageing hypothesis, implying biological constraints on how much the human rate of ageing can be slowed.

Published
2021

10. Social networks in primates: smart and tolerant species have more efficient networks.

Author

Pasquaretta, Cristian, Pasquaretta, Cristian, Levé, Marine, Claidière, Nicolas, van de Waal, Erica, Whiten, Andrew, MacIntosh, Andrew JJ, Pelé, Marie, Bergstrom, Mackenzie L, Borgeaud, Christèle, Brosnan, Sarah F, Crofoot, Margaret C, Fedigan, Linda M, Fichtel, Claudia, Hopper, Lydia M, Mareno, Mary Catherine, Petit, Odile, Schnoell, Anna Viktoria, di Sorrentino, Eugenia Polizzi, Thierry, Bernard, Tiddi, Barbara, Sueur, Cédric, Pasquaretta, Cristian, Pasquaretta, Cristian, Levé, Marine, Claidière, Nicolas, van de Waal, Erica, Whiten, Andrew, MacIntosh, Andrew JJ, Pelé, Marie, Bergstrom, Mackenzie L, Borgeaud, Christèle, Brosnan, Sarah F, Crofoot, Margaret C, Fedigan, Linda M, Fichtel, Claudia, Hopper, Lydia M, Mareno, Mary Catherine, Petit, Odile, Schnoell, Anna Viktoria, di Sorrentino, Eugenia Polizzi, Thierry, Bernard, Tiddi, Barbara, and Sueur, Cédric

Abstract

Network optimality has been described in genes, proteins and human communicative networks. In the latter, optimality leads to the efficient transmission of information with a minimum number of connections. Whilst studies show that differences in centrality exist in animal networks with central individuals having higher fitness, network efficiency has never been studied in animal groups. Here we studied 78 groups of primates (24 species). We found that group size and neocortex ratio were correlated with network efficiency. Centralisation (whether several individuals are central in the group) and modularity (how a group is clustered) had opposing effects on network efficiency, showing that tolerant species have more efficient networks. Such network properties affecting individual fitness could be shaped by natural selection. Our results are in accordance with the social brain and cultural intelligence hypotheses, which suggest that the importance of network efficiency and information flow through social learning relates to cognitive abilities.

Published
2014

11. Social networks in primates: smart and tolerant species have more efficient networks.

Author

Pasquaretta, Cristian, Pasquaretta, Cristian, Levé, Marine, Claidière, Nicolas, van de Waal, Erica, Whiten, Andrew, MacIntosh, Andrew JJ, Pelé, Marie, Bergstrom, Mackenzie L, Borgeaud, Christèle, Brosnan, Sarah F, Crofoot, Margaret C, Fedigan, Linda M, Fichtel, Claudia, Hopper, Lydia M, Mareno, Mary Catherine, Petit, Odile, Schnoell, Anna Viktoria, di Sorrentino, Eugenia Polizzi, Thierry, Bernard, Tiddi, Barbara, Sueur, Cédric, Pasquaretta, Cristian, Pasquaretta, Cristian, Levé, Marine, Claidière, Nicolas, van de Waal, Erica, Whiten, Andrew, MacIntosh, Andrew JJ, Pelé, Marie, Bergstrom, Mackenzie L, Borgeaud, Christèle, Brosnan, Sarah F, Crofoot, Margaret C, Fedigan, Linda M, Fichtel, Claudia, Hopper, Lydia M, Mareno, Mary Catherine, Petit, Odile, Schnoell, Anna Viktoria, di Sorrentino, Eugenia Polizzi, Thierry, Bernard, Tiddi, Barbara, and Sueur, Cédric

Abstract

Network optimality has been described in genes, proteins and human communicative networks. In the latter, optimality leads to the efficient transmission of information with a minimum number of connections. Whilst studies show that differences in centrality exist in animal networks with central individuals having higher fitness, network efficiency has never been studied in animal groups. Here we studied 78 groups of primates (24 species). We found that group size and neocortex ratio were correlated with network efficiency. Centralisation (whether several individuals are central in the group) and modularity (how a group is clustered) had opposing effects on network efficiency, showing that tolerant species have more efficient networks. Such network properties affecting individual fitness could be shaped by natural selection. Our results are in accordance with the social brain and cultural intelligence hypotheses, which suggest that the importance of network efficiency and information flow through social learning relates to cognitive abilities.

Published
2014

12. Social networks in primates: smart and tolerant species have more efficient networks

Author

Pasquaretta, Cristian, Levé, Marine, Claidière, Nicolas, van de Waal, Erica, Whiten, Andrew, MacIntosh, Andrew J. J., Pelé, Marie, Bergstrom, Mackenzie L., Borgeaud, Christèle, Brosnan, Sarah F., Crofoot, Margaret C., Fedigan, Linda M., Fichtel, Claudia, Hopper, Lydia M., Mareno, Mary Catherine, Petit, Odile, Schnoell, Anna Viktoria, di Sorrentino, Eugenia Polizzi, Thierry, Bernard, Tiddi, Barbara, Sueur, Cédric, Pasquaretta, Cristian, Levé, Marine, Claidière, Nicolas, van de Waal, Erica, Whiten, Andrew, MacIntosh, Andrew J. J., Pelé, Marie, Bergstrom, Mackenzie L., Borgeaud, Christèle, Brosnan, Sarah F., Crofoot, Margaret C., Fedigan, Linda M., Fichtel, Claudia, Hopper, Lydia M., Mareno, Mary Catherine, Petit, Odile, Schnoell, Anna Viktoria, di Sorrentino, Eugenia Polizzi, Thierry, Bernard, Tiddi, Barbara, and Sueur, Cédric

Abstract

Network optimality has been described in genes, proteins and human communicative networks. In the latter, optimality leads to the efficient transmission of information with a minimum number of connections. Whilst studies show that differences in centrality exist in animal networks with central individuals having higher fitness, network efficiency has never been studied in animal groups. Here we studied 78 groups of primates (24 species). We found that group size and neocortex ratio were correlated with network efficiency. Centralisation (whether several individuals are central in the group) and modularity (how a group is clustered) had opposing effects on network efficiency, showing that tolerant species have more efficient networks. Such network properties affecting individual fitness could be shaped by natural selection. Our results are in accordance with the social brain and cultural intelligence hypotheses, which suggest that the importance of network efficiency and information flow through social learning relates to cognitive abilities.

Published
2014

13. Reproductive aging patterns in primates reveal that humans are distinct

Author

Alberts, Susan C., Altmann, Jeanne, Brockman, Diane K., Cords, Marina, Fedigan, Linda M., Pusey, Anne, Stoinski, Tara S., Strier, Karen B., Morris, William F., Bronikowski, Anne M., Alberts, Susan C., Altmann, Jeanne, Brockman, Diane K., Cords, Marina, Fedigan, Linda M., Pusey, Anne, Stoinski, Tara S., Strier, Karen B., Morris, William F., and Bronikowski, Anne M.

Abstract

Women rarely give birth after similar to 45 y of age, and they experience the cessation of reproductive cycles, menopause, at similar to 50 y of age after a fertility decline lasting almost two decades. Such reproductive senescence in mid-lifespan is an evolutionary puzzle of enduring interest because it should be inherently disadvantageous. Furthermore, comparative data on reproductive senescence from other primates, or indeed other mammals, remains relatively rare. Here we carried out a unique detailed comparative study of reproductive senescence in seven species of nonhuman primates in natural populations, using long-term, individual-based data, and compared them to a population of humans experiencing natural fertility and mortality. In four of seven primate species we found that reproductive senescence occurred before death only in a small minority of individuals. In three primate species we found evidence of reproductive senescence that accelerated throughout adulthood; however, its initial rate was much lower than mortality, so that relatively few individuals experienced reproductive senescence before death. In contrast, the human population showed the predicted and well-known pattern in which reproductive senescence occurred before death for many women and its rate accelerated throughout adulthood. These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that reproductive senescence in midlife, although apparent in natural-fertility, natural-mortality populations of humans, is generally absent in other primates living in such populations.

Published
2013
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