Author: "Galli, Silvia" / Publication Type: Electronic Resources - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Galli, Silvia"' showing total 106 results

Start Over Author "Galli, Silvia" Publication Type Electronic Resources

106 results on '"Galli, Silvia"'

1. Development of nanobodies as tools to investigate G-quadruplex DNA secondary structures

Author: Galli, Silvia and Balasubramanian, Shankar
Subjects: ChIP-seq, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, G-quadruplex, Nanobody
Abstract: Guanine-rich sequences in DNA can fold into four-stranded alternative secondary structures called G-quadruplexes (G4). G4s are suggested to be involved in key genome functions such as transcription, genome stability and epigenetic regulation, together with numerous connections to cancer biology. The detection G4s in cells has been facilitated by the use of structure-specific small molecules or antibody probes and much work has relied on G4 recognition by a single-chain variable fragment antibody, BG4. Other G4 probes have been reported but generally their usage has been limited to certain applications and in many cases the probes have limited selectivity for G4s. The aim of this thesis was to develop an alternative probe with high affinity and good selectivity for G4s for use in applications for which BG4 in not suitable and to provide an important orthogonal validation of results previously obtained with BG4. A phage-display screen was used to select nanobodies, antibody fragments derived from of heavy-chain only antibodies of Camelid family, that have high affinity and selectivity for the G4 structure from the human *MYC* oncogene promoter (MycG4). Biophysical characterisation confirmed that one nanobody (B11) binds with high affinity to a wide range of DNA G4 conformations *in vitro*. B11 successfully confirmed the folding of G4s in chromatin isolated from cancer cells. Furthermore, mutational analysis coupled with molecular dynamics simulation identified specific arginines contributing to the interaction of B11 with MycG4. Lastly, I demonstrated that B11 can be expressed in human cells for use in experiments to map G4 genomic locations *in situ*. The results from these experiments are significant to the field as they have demonstrated the validation of earlier data describing the location of folded G4 structures in the human genome. I have also extended previous studies by gaining molecular insights in the mode of action of an antibody-G4 interaction. Finally, I have provided initial proof-of-principle that a G4 antibody can be deployed in a cellular context to probe G4s in living cells. In sum, I have successfully generated a novel tool for the future study of G4s in key cellular processes, such as transcription, and in diseases such as cancer.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Innovation-specific patent protection and growth

Author: Galli, Silvia
Subjects: 346.04
Abstract: In this final chapter, I have built a simple model of process innovation where the provision of essential services (intermediate inputs, for example financial services or transports) for the production of the final good is subject to sectorial regulation, which shapes the market structure of the intermediate sector as a non-competitive one. The structure adopted in this chapter allows examining the effects on the economy of the presence of two different monopolized tasks: the intermediate service provision and the use of the innovation. The ultimate purpose is to show how the lack of competition in an intermediate essential sector, like the service sector, is actually able to depress productivity growth in the final sector.
Published: 2012

3. Review of Hubble tension solutions with new SH0ES and SPT-3G data

Author: Khalife, Ali Rida, Zanjani, Maryam Bahrami, Galli, Silvia, Günther, Sven, Lesgourgues, Julien, Benabed, Karim, Khalife, Ali Rida, Zanjani, Maryam Bahrami, Galli, Silvia, Günther, Sven, Lesgourgues, Julien, and Benabed, Karim
Abstract: We present an updated analysis of eleven cosmological models that may help reduce the Hubble tension, which now reaches the $6\sigma$ level when considering the latest SH0ES measurement versus recent CMB and BAO data, assuming $\Lambda$CDM. Specifically, we look at five classical extensions of $\Lambda$CDM (with massive neutrinos, spatial curvature, free-streaming or self-interacting relativistic relics, or dynamical dark energy) and six elaborate models featuring either a time-varying electron mass, early dark energy or some non-trivial interactions in the neutrino sector triggered by a light Majoron. We improve over previous works in several ways. We include the latest data from the South Pole Telescope as well as the most recent measurement of the Hubble rate by the SH0ES collaboration. We treat the summed neutrino mass as a free parameter in most of our models, which reveals interesting degeneracies and constraints. We define additional metrics to assess the potential of a model to reduce or even solve the Hubble tension. We validate an emulator that uses active learning to train itself during each parameter inference run for any arbitrary model. We find that the time-varying electron mass and the Majoron models are now ruled out at more than $3\sigma$. Models with a time-varying electron mass and spatial curvature or with early dark energy reduce the tension to $1.0-2.9\sigma$. Nevertheless, none of the models considered in this work is favored with enough statistical significance to become the next concordance model of Cosmology., Comment: 53 pages, 15 figures. Matches accepted version in JCAP
Published: 2023

4. Snowmass 2021 CMB-S4 White Paper

Author: Abazajian, Kevork, Abdulghafour, Arwa, Addison, Graeme E., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Ajello, Marco, Akerib, Daniel, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Amiri, Mandana, Anderson, Adam, Ansarinejad, Behzad, Archipley, Melanie, Arnold, Kam S., Ashby, Matt, Aung, Han, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baker, Carina, Bakshi, Abhishek, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Barton, Paul, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Beall, Jim, Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Belkner, Sebastian, Benabed, Karim, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Besuner, Bobby, Bethermin, Matthieu, Bhimani, Sanah, Bianchini, Federico, Biquard, Simon, Birdwell, Ian, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bocaz, Paulina, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K., Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, Francois R., Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chan, Victor, Chang, Clarence L., Chapman, Scott, Charles, Eric, Chauvin, Eric, Cheng, Cheng, Chesmore, Grace, Cheung, Kolen, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Clancy, Justin, Clark, Susan, Cooray, Asantha, Coppi, Gabriele, Corlett, John, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Dai, Wei-Ming, Daley, Cail, Dart, Eli, Daues, Gregorg, de Haan, Tijmen, Deaconu, Cosmin, Delabrouille, Jacques, Derylo, Greg, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dober, Brad, Doriese, Randy, Duff, Shannon, Dutcher, Daniel, Dvorkin, Cora, Dünner, Rolando, Eftekhari, Tarraneh, Eimer, Joseph, Bouhargani, Hamza El, Elleflot, Tucker, Emerson, Nick, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Fanfani, Valentina, Fasano, Alessandro, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frisch, Josef, Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Giannakopoulos, Christos, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Goldfinger, David, Green, Daniel, Grimes, Paul, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Vic, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Gullett, Ian, Guns, Sam, Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Hand, Emma, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Herbst, Ryan, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, J. Colin, Hills, Richard, Hivon, Eric, Hlozek, Renée, Ho, Anna, Holder, Gil, Hollister, Matt, Holzapfel, William, Hood, John, Hotinli, Selim, Hryciuk, Alec, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hui, Howard, nez, Roberto Ibá, Ibitoye, Ayodeji, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jacobus, Cooper, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Joseph, John, Jost, Baptiste, Kang, Jae Hwan, Kaplan, Ari, Karkare, Kirit S., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keskitalo, Reijo, King, Cesiley, Kisner, Theodore, Klein, Matthias, Knox, Lloyd, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Krolewski, Alex, Kubik, Donna, Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lähteenmäki, Anne, Lau, Kenny, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Legrand, Louis, Leitner, Matthaeus, Leloup, Clément, Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Liodakis, Ioannis, Liu, Jia, Long, Kevin, Louis, Thibaut, Loverde, Marilena, Lowry, Lindsay, Lu, Chunyu, Lubin, Phil, Ma, Yin-Zhe, Maccarone, Thomas, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Maldonado, Felipe, Mantz, Adam, Marques, Gabriela, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, May, Jared, McCarrick, Heather, McCracken, Ken, McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Menanteau, Felipe, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Miranda, Vivian, Mitchell, Don, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Monzani, Maria Elena, Moshed, Magdy, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagarajappa, Chandan, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Nerval, Simran, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Hogan, Nichols, Erik, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nord, Brian, Norton, Tim, Novosad, Valentine, O'Brient, Roger, Omori, Yuuki, Orlando, Giorgio, Osherson, Benjamin, Osten, Rachel, Padin, Stephen, Paine, Scott, Partridge, Bruce, Patil, Sanjaykumar, Petravick, Don, Petroff, Matthew, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pilleux, Mauricio, Pogosian, Levon, Prabhu, Karthik, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alexandra, Raveri, Marco, Reese, Ben, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rizzieri, Arianna, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Rotermund, Kaja, Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John E., Saba, Joe, Sailer, Noah, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Sapozhnikov, Leonid, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Saunders, Lauren, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmitt, Benjamin, Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Shiu, Corwin, Simon, Sara M., Singari, Baibhav, Slosar, Anze, Spergel, David, Germaine, Tyler St., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony A., Starkman, Glenn D., Steinbach, Bryan, Stompor, Radek, Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Tandoi, Chris, Teply, Grant P., Thayer, Gregg, Thompson, Keith, Thorne, Ben, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Trendafilova, Cynthia, Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Carole, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Wagoner, Kasey, Wallisch, Benjamin, Wang, Gensheng, Wang, Guo-Jian, Watson, Scott, Watts, Duncan, Weaver, Chris, Wenzl, Lukas, Westbrook, Ben, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wiedlea, Andrew, Williams, Paul, Wilson, Robert, Winch, Harrison, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yefremenko, Volodymyr G., Yu, Cyndia, Zegeye, David, Zivick, Jeff, Zonca, Andrea, Abazajian, Kevork, Abdulghafour, Arwa, Addison, Graeme E., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Ajello, Marco, Akerib, Daniel, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Amiri, Mandana, Anderson, Adam, Ansarinejad, Behzad, Archipley, Melanie, Arnold, Kam S., Ashby, Matt, Aung, Han, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Baker, Carina, Bakshi, Abhishek, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Barton, Paul, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Beall, Jim, Bean, Rachel, Beck, Dominic, Belkner, Sebastian, Benabed, Karim, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Besuner, Bobby, Bethermin, Matthieu, Bhimani, Sanah, Bianchini, Federico, Biquard, Simon, Birdwell, Ian, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bocaz, Paulina, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K., Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, Francois R., Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chan, Victor, Chang, Clarence L., Chapman, Scott, Charles, Eric, Chauvin, Eric, Cheng, Cheng, Chesmore, Grace, Cheung, Kolen, Chinone, Yuji, Chluba, Jens, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Choi, Steve, Clancy, Justin, Clark, Susan, Cooray, Asantha, Coppi, Gabriele, Corlett, John, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, Dai, Wei-Ming, Daley, Cail, Dart, Eli, Daues, Gregorg, de Haan, Tijmen, Deaconu, Cosmin, Delabrouille, Jacques, Derylo, Greg, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dober, Brad, Doriese, Randy, Duff, Shannon, Dutcher, Daniel, Dvorkin, Cora, Dünner, Rolando, Eftekhari, Tarraneh, Eimer, Joseph, Bouhargani, Hamza El, Elleflot, Tucker, Emerson, Nick, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Fanfani, Valentina, Fasano, Alessandro, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frisch, Josef, Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Giannakopoulos, Christos, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Goldfinger, David, Green, Daniel, Grimes, Paul, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Vic, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Gullett, Ian, Guns, Sam, Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Hand, Emma, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Herbst, Ryan, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hill, J. Colin, Hills, Richard, Hivon, Eric, Hlozek, Renée, Ho, Anna, Holder, Gil, Hollister, Matt, Holzapfel, William, Hood, John, Hotinli, Selim, Hryciuk, Alec, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hui, Howard, nez, Roberto Ibá, Ibitoye, Ayodeji, Ikape, Margaret, Irwin, Kent, Jacobus, Cooper, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Joseph, John, Jost, Baptiste, Kang, Jae Hwan, Kaplan, Ari, Karkare, Kirit S., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keskitalo, Reijo, King, Cesiley, Kisner, Theodore, Klein, Matthias, Knox, Lloyd, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Krolewski, Alex, Kubik, Donna, Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-Lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lähteenmäki, Anne, Lau, Kenny, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Legrand, Louis, Leitner, Matthaeus, Leloup, Clément, Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Liodakis, Ioannis, Liu, Jia, Long, Kevin, Louis, Thibaut, Loverde, Marilena, Lowry, Lindsay, Lu, Chunyu, Lubin, Phil, Ma, Yin-Zhe, Maccarone, Thomas, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Maldonado, Felipe, Mantz, Adam, Marques, Gabriela, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, May, Jared, McCarrick, Heather, McCracken, Ken, McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Menanteau, Felipe, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Miranda, Vivian, Mitchell, Don, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Monzani, Maria Elena, Moshed, Magdy, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagarajappa, Chandan, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Nerval, Simran, Newburgh, Laura, Nguyen, Hogan, Nichols, Erik, Nicola, Andrina, Niemack, Michael D., Nord, Brian, Norton, Tim, Novosad, Valentine, O'Brient, Roger, Omori, Yuuki, Orlando, Giorgio, Osherson, Benjamin, Osten, Rachel, Padin, Stephen, Paine, Scott, Partridge, Bruce, Patil, Sanjaykumar, Petravick, Don, Petroff, Matthew, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pilleux, Mauricio, Pogosian, Levon, Prabhu, Karthik, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alexandra, Raveri, Marco, Reese, Ben, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rizzieri, Arianna, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Rotermund, Kaja, Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John E., Saba, Joe, Sailer, Noah, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Sapozhnikov, Leonid, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Saunders, Lauren, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmitt, Benjamin, Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Shiu, Corwin, Simon, Sara M., Singari, Baibhav, Slosar, Anze, Spergel, David, Germaine, Tyler St., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony A., Starkman, Glenn D., Steinbach, Bryan, Stompor, Radek, Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Tandoi, Chris, Teply, Grant P., Thayer, Gregg, Thompson, Keith, Thorne, Ben, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Trendafilova, Cynthia, Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Carole, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vergès, Clara, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Wagoner, Kasey, Wallisch, Benjamin, Wang, Gensheng, Wang, Guo-Jian, Watson, Scott, Watts, Duncan, Weaver, Chris, Wenzl, Lukas, Westbrook, Ben, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wiedlea, Andrew, Williams, Paul, Wilson, Robert, Winch, Harrison, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yefremenko, Volodymyr G., Yu, Cyndia, Zegeye, David, Zivick, Jeff, and Zonca, Andrea
Abstract: This Snowmass 2021 White Paper describes the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project CMB-S4, which is designed to cross critical thresholds in our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. We provide an overview of the science case, the technical design, and project plan., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1908.01062, arXiv:1907.04473
Published: 2022

5. Hints of Early Dark Energy in Planck, SPT, and ACT data: new physics or systematics?

Author: Smith, Tristan L., Lucca, Matteo, Poulin, Vivian, Abellan, Guillermo F., Balkenhol, Lennart, Benabed, Karim, Galli, Silvia, Murgia, Riccardo, Smith, Tristan L., Lucca, Matteo, Poulin, Vivian, Abellan, Guillermo F., Balkenhol, Lennart, Benabed, Karim, Galli, Silvia, and Murgia, Riccardo
Abstract: We investigate constraints on early dark energy (EDE) using ACT DR4, SPT-3G 2018, Planck polarization, and restricted Planck temperature data (at $\ell<650$), finding a $3.3\sigma$ preference ($\Delta\chi^2=-16.2$ for 3 additional degrees of freedom) for EDE over $\Lambda$CDM. The EDE contributes a maximum fractional energy density of $f_{\rm EDE}(z_c)=0.163^{+0.047}_{-0.04}$ at a redshift $z_c=3357\pm200$ and leads to a CMB inferred value of the Hubble constant $H_0=74.2^{+1.9}_{-2.1}$ km/s/Mpc. We find that Planck and ACT DR4 data provide the majority of the improvement in $\chi^2$, and that the inclusion of SPT-3G pulls the posterior of $f_{\rm EDE}(z_c)$ away from $\Lambda$CDM. This is the first time that a moderate preference for EDE has been reported for these three combined CMB data sets. We find that including measurements of supernovae luminosity distances and the baryon acoustic oscillation standard ruler only minimally affects the preference ($3.0\sigma$), while measurements that probe the clustering of matter at late times - the lensing potential power spectrum from Planck and $f \sigma_8$ from BOSS - decrease the significance of the preference to 2.6$\sigma$. Conversely, adding a prior on the $H_0$ value as reported by the SH0ES collaboration increases the preference to the $4-5\sigma$ level. In the absence of this prior, the inclusion of Planck TT data at $\ell>1300$ reduces the preference from $3.0\sigma$ to $2.3\sigma$ and the constraint on $f_{\rm EDE}(z_c)$ becomes compatible with $\Lambda$CDM at $1\sigma$. We explore whether systematic errors in the Planck polarization data may affect our conclusions and find that changing the TE polarization efficiencies significantly reduces the Planck preference for EDE. More work will be necessary to establish whether these hints for EDE within CMB data alone are the sole results of systematic errors or an opening to new physics., Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2022

6. High-resolution ex vivo analysis of the degradation and osseointegration of Mg-xGd implant screws in 3D

Author: Krüger, Diana, Galli, Silvia, Zeller-Plumhoff, Berit, Wieland, D.C. Florian, Peruzzi, Niccolò, Wiese, Björn, Heuser, Philipp, Moosmann, Julian, Wennerberg, Ann, Willumeit-Römer, Regine, Krüger, Diana, Galli, Silvia, Zeller-Plumhoff, Berit, Wieland, D.C. Florian, Peruzzi, Niccolò, Wiese, Björn, Heuser, Philipp, Moosmann, Julian, Wennerberg, Ann, and Willumeit-Römer, Regine
Abstract: Biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys can revolutionize osteosynthesis, because they have mechanical properties similar to those of the bone, and degrade over time, avoiding the need of removal surgery. However, they are not yet routinely applied because their degradation behavior is not fully understood. In this study we have investigated and quantified the degradation and osseointegration behavior of two biodegradable Mg alloys based on gadolinium (Gd) at high resolution. Mg-5Gd and Mg-10Gd screws were inserted in rat tibia for 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Afterward, the degradation rate and degradation homogeneity, as well as bone-to-implant interface, were studied with synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography and histology. Titanium (Ti) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) were used as controls material to evaluate osseointegration. Our results showed that Mg-5Gd degraded faster and less homogeneously than Mg-10Gd. Both alloys gradually form a stable degradation layer at the interface and were surrounded by new bone tissue. The results were correlated to in vitro data obtained from the same material and shape. The average bone-to-implant contact of the Mg-xGd implants was comparable to that of Ti and higher than for PEEK. The results suggest that both Mg-xGd alloys are suitable as materials for bone implants.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. The use of implant-level connection in screw-retained fixed partial dentures : A 3-year randomised clinical trial.

Author: Toia, Marco, Stocchero, Michele, Galli, Silvia, Papia, Evaggelia, Wennerberg, Ann, Becktor, Jonas P, Toia, Marco, Stocchero, Michele, Galli, Silvia, Papia, Evaggelia, Wennerberg, Ann, and Becktor, Jonas P
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: This randomised controlled trial compares the 3-year outcomes, that is, marginal bone-level (MBL) changes and clinical parameters, between an abutment-level (AL) and implant-level (IL) connection for implants with an internal conical connection (ICC) supporting a screw-retained fixed partial denture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty patients with 119 implants were randomly allocated to either the AL or IL group. Radiographic and clinical examinations were performed after one, two, and 3 years. A linear mixed model was used to evaluate the differences between groups. RESULTS: The MBL change was not significantly different between the groups at any point. The MBL was 0.12 ± 0.31 mm (AL) and 0.23 ± 0.26 mm (IL) after 1 year; 0.15 ± 0.34 mm (AL) and 0.17 ± 0.22 mm (IL) after 2 years; 0.18 ± 0.39 mm (AL) and 0.15 ± 0.21 mm (IL) after 3 years. The bleeding on probing was 43.44 ± 39.24% (AL) and 58.19 ± 41.20% (IL) after 1 year; 35.78 ± 39.22% (AL) and 50.43 ± 41.49% (IL) after 2 years; 51.27 ± 44.63% (AL) and 49.57 ± 37.31% (IL) after 3 years and was significantly different (p = .025) between 1 and 2 years. The probing depth showed a significant difference at each time point while the plaque was not significant between the groups. The overall technical, biological and prosthetic complication rates were 5.04%, 3.36%, and 16.00%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The MBL change was similar in the groups. The slight differences in the soft tissue complications between the groups are likely not of clinical relevance. An IL connection is considered to be a valid alternative to an AL set-up in ICC implants.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Accurate CMB covariance matrices: exact calculation and approximations

Author: Camphuis, Étienne, Benabed, Karim, Galli, Silvia, Hivon, Éric, Lilley, Marc, Camphuis, Étienne, Benabed, Karim, Galli, Silvia, Hivon, Éric, and Lilley, Marc
Abstract: Accurate covariance matrices are required for a reliable estimation of cosmological parameters from pseudo-power spectrum estimators. In this work, we focus on the analytical calculation of covariance matrices. We consider the case of observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background in temperature and polarization on a small footprint such as in the SPT-3G experiment, which observes 4% of the sky. Power spectra evaluated on small footprints are expected to have large correlations between modes, and these need to be accurately modelled. We present, for the first time, an algorithm that allows an efficient (but computationally expensive) exact calculation of analytic covariance matrices. Using it as our reference, we test the accuracy of existing fast approximations of the covariance matrix. We find that, when the power spectrum is binned in wide bandpowers, current approaches are correct up to the 5% level on the SPT-3G small sky footprint. Furthermore, we propose a new approximation which improves over the previous ones reaching a precision of 1% in the wide bandpowers case and generally more than 4 times more accurate than current approaches. Finally, we derive the covariance matrices for mask-corrected power spectra estimated by the PolSpice code. In particular, we include, in the case of a small sky fraction, the effect of the apodization of the large scale modes. While we considered the specific case of the CMB, our results are applicable to any other cosmological probe which requires the calculation of pseudo-power spectrum covariance matrices., Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures, 1 table
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Consistency of Planck, ACT and SPT constraints on magnetically assisted recombination and forecasts for future experiments

Author: Galli, Silvia, Pogosian, Levon, Jedamzik, Karsten, Balkenhol, Lennart, Galli, Silvia, Pogosian, Levon, Jedamzik, Karsten, and Balkenhol, Lennart
Abstract: Primordial magnetic fields can change the recombination history of the universe by inducing clumping in the baryon density at small scales. They were recently proposed as a candidate model to relieve the Hubble tension. We investigate the consistency of the constraints on a clumping factor parameter $b$ in a simplistic model, using the latest CMB data from Planck, ACT DR4 and SPT-3G 2018. For the combined CMB data alone, we find no evidence for clumping being different from zero, though when adding a prior on $H_0$ based on the latest distance-ladder analysis of the SH0ES team, we report a weak detection of $b$. Our analysis of simulated datasets shows that ACT DR4 has more constraining power with respect to SPT-3G 2018 due to the degeneracy breaking power of the TT band powers (not included in SPT). Simulations also suggest that the TE,EE power spectra of the two datasets should have the same constraining power. However, the ACT DR4 TE,EE constraint is tighter than expectations, while the SPT-3G 2018 one is looser. While this is compatible with statistical fluctuations, we explore systematic effects which may account for such deviations. Overall, the ACT results are only marginally consistent with Planck or SPT-3G, at the $2-3\sigma$ level within $\Lambda$CDM+$b$ and $\Lambda$CDM, while Planck and SPT-3G are in good agreement. Combining the CMB data together with BAO and SNIa provides an upper limit of b<0.4 at 95\% c.l. (b<0.5 without ACT). Adding a SH0ES-based prior on the Hubble constant gives $b = 0.31^{+0.11}_{-0.15}$ and $H_0=69.28 \pm 0.56$ km/s/Mpc ($b = 0.41^{+0.14}_{-018}$ and $H_0=69.70 \pm 0.63$ km/s/Mpc without ACT). Finally, we forecast constraints on $b$ for the full SPT-3G survey, Simons Observatory, and CMB-S4, finding improvements by factors of 1.5 (2.7 with Planck), 5.9 and 7.8, respectively, over Planck alone., Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Multimodal ex vivo methods reveal that Gd-rich corrosion byproducts remain at the implant site of biodegradable Mg-Gd screws

Author: Peruzzi, Niccolò, Galli, Silvia, Helmholz, Heike, Kardjilov, Nikolay, Krüger, Diana, Markötter, Henning, Moosmann, Julian, Orlov, Dmytro, Prgomet, Zdenka, Willumeit-Römer, Regine, Wennerberg, Ann, Bech, Martin, Peruzzi, Niccolò, Galli, Silvia, Helmholz, Heike, Kardjilov, Nikolay, Krüger, Diana, Markötter, Henning, Moosmann, Julian, Orlov, Dmytro, Prgomet, Zdenka, Willumeit-Römer, Regine, Wennerberg, Ann, and Bech, Martin
Abstract: Extensive research is being conducted on magnesium (Mg) alloys for bone implant manufacturing, due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and mechanical properties. Gadolinium (Gd) is among the most promising alloying elements for property control in Mg alloy implants; however, its toxicity is controversial. Investigating Gd behavior during implant corrosion is thus of utmost importance. In this study, we analyzed the degradation byproducts at the implant site of biodegradable Mg-5Gd and Mg-10Gd implants after 12 weeks healing time, using a combination of different imaging techniques: histology, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), x-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) and neutron µCT. The main finding has been that, at the healing time in exam, the corrosion appears to have involved only the Mg component, which has been substituted by calcium and phosphorus, while the Gd remains localized at the implant site. This was observed in 2D by means of EDX maps and extended to 3D with a novel application of neutron tomography. X-ray fluorescence analysis of the main excretory organs also did not reveal any measurable accumulation of Gd, further reinforcing the conclusion that very limited or no removal at all of Gd-alloy happened during degradation.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Osseointegration and antibacterial effect of an antimicrobial peptide releasing mesoporous titania implant

Author: Pihl, Maria, Galli, Silvia, Jimbo, Ryo, Andersson, Martin, Pihl, Maria, Galli, Silvia, Jimbo, Ryo, and Andersson, Martin
Abstract: Medical devices such as orthopedic and dental implants may get infected by bacteria, which results in treatment using antibiotics. Since antibiotic resistance is increasing in society there is a need of finding alternative strategies for infection control. One potential strategy is the use of antimicrobial peptides, AMPs. In this study, we investigated the antibiofilm effect of the AMP, RRP9W4N, using a local drug-delivery system based on mesoporous titania covered titanium implants. Biofilm formation was studied in vitro using a safranine biofilm assay and LIVE/DEAD staining. Moreover, we investigated what effect the AMP had on osseointegration of commercially available titanium implants in vivo, using a rabbit tibia model. The results showed a sustained release of AMP with equal or even better antibiofilm properties than the traditionally used antibiotic Cloxacillin. In addition, no negative effects on osseointegration in vivo was observed. These combined results demonstrate the potential of using mesoporous titania as an AMP delivery system and the potential use of the AMP RRP9W4N for infection control of osseointegrating implants.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Breaking the degeneracy between polarization efficiency and cosmological parameters in CMB experiments

Author: Galli, Silvia, Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Benabed, Karim, Bouchet, François, Crawford, Thomas M., Hivon, Eric, Galli, Silvia, Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Benabed, Karim, Bouchet, François, Crawford, Thomas M., and Hivon, Eric
Abstract: Accurate cosmological parameter estimates using polarization data of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) put stringent requirements on map calibration, as highlighted in the recent results from the Planck satellite. In this paper, we point out that a model-dependent determination of polarization calibration can be achieved by the joint fit of the TE and EE CMB power spectra. This provides a valuable cross-check to band-averaged polarization efficiency measurements determined using other approaches. We demonstrate that, in $\Lambda$CDM, the combination of the TE and EE constrain polarization calibration with sub-percent uncertainty with Planck data and 2% uncertainty with SPTpol data. We arrive at similar conclusions when extending $\Lambda$CDM to include the amplitude of lensing $A_{\rm L}$, the number of relativistic species $N_{\rm eff}$, or the sum of the neutrino masses $\sum m_{\nu}$. The uncertainties on cosmological parameters are minimally impacted when marginalizing over polarization calibration, except, as can be expected, for the uncertainty on the amplitude of the primordial scalar power spectrum $\ln(10^{10} A_{\rm s})$, which increases by $20-50$%. However, this information can be fully recovered by adding TT data. For current and future ground-based experiments, SPT-3G and CMB-S4, we forecast the cosmological parameter uncertainties to be minimally degraded when marginalizing over polarization calibration parameters. In addition, CMB-S4 could constrain its polarization calibration at the level of $\sim$0.2% by combining TE and EE, and reach $\sim$0.06% by also including TT. We therefore conclude that relying on calibrating against Planck polarization maps, whose statistical uncertainty is limited to $\sim$0.5%, would be insufficient for upcoming experiments., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures. Comments welcome
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Analysis of the bone ultrastructure around biodegradable Mg-xGd implants using small angle X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction.

Author: Zeller-Plumhoff, Berit, Malich, Carina, Krüger, Diana, Campbell, Graeme, Wiese, Björn, Galli, Silvia, Wennerberg, Ann, Willumeit-Römer, Regine, Wieland, D C Florian, Zeller-Plumhoff, Berit, Malich, Carina, Krüger, Diana, Campbell, Graeme, Wiese, Björn, Galli, Silvia, Wennerberg, Ann, Willumeit-Römer, Regine, and Wieland, D C Florian
Abstract: Magnesium alloys are increasingly researched as temporary biodegradable metal implants in bone applications due to their mechanical properties which are more similar to bone than conventional implant metals and the fact that Magnesium occurs naturally within the body. However, the degradation processes in vivo and in particular the interaction of the bone with the degrading material need to be further investigated. In this study we are presenting the first quantitative comparison of the bone ultrastructure formed at the interface of biodegradable Mg-5Gd and Mg-10Gd implants and titanium and PEEK implants after 4, 8 and 12 weeks healing time using two-dimensional small angle X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction. Differences in mineralization, orientation and thickness of the hydroxyapatite are assessed. We find statistically significant (p<0.05) differences for the lattice spacing of the (310)-reflex of hydroxyapatite between titanium and Mg-xGd materials, as well as for the (310) crystal size between titanium and Mg-5Gd, indicating a possible deposition of Mg within the bone matrix. The (310) lattice spacing and crystallite size further differ significantly between implant degradation layer and surrounding bone (p
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

Author: Collaboration, The CMB-S4, Collaboration, The CMB-S4, Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme E, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Akerib, Daniel, Ali, Aamir, Allen, Steven W, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A, Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S, Ashton, Peter, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S, Bartlett, James G, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N, Benson, Bradford A, Bianchini, Federico, Bischoff, Colin A, Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J, Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K, Bond, J Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R, Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L, Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Caimapo, Carlos Hervias, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E, Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L, Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M, Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, Delabrouille, Jacques, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Dunkley, Jo, Dvorkin, Cora, Eimer, Joseph, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P, Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A, Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Gudmundsson, Jon E, Gullett, Ian, Gupta, Nikhel, Habib, Salman, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W, Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Collaboration, The CMB-S4, Collaboration, The CMB-S4, Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme E, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Akerib, Daniel, Ali, Aamir, Allen, Steven W, Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A, Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S, Ashton, Peter, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S, Bartlett, James G, Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N, Benson, Bradford A, Bianchini, Federico, Bischoff, Colin A, Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J, Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K, Bond, J Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R, Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L, Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Caimapo, Carlos Hervias, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E, Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L, Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M, Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, Delabrouille, Jacques, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Dunkley, Jo, Dvorkin, Cora, Eimer, Joseph, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P, Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A, Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Gudmundsson, Jon E, Gullett, Ian, Gupta, Nikhel, Habib, Salman, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W, Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, and Hasselfield, Matthew
Abstract: CMB-S4---the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment---is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semi-analytic projection tool, targeted explicitly towards optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2--3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semi-analytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for $r > 0.003$ at greater than $5\sigma$, or, in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of $r < 0.001$ at $95\%$ CL.
Published: 2020

15. Unlocking the synergy between CMB spectral distortions and anisotropies

Author: Fu, Hao, Lucca, Matteo, Galli, Silvia, Battistelli, Elia S., Hooper, Deanna C., Lesgourgues, Julien, Schöneberg, Nils, Fu, Hao, Lucca, Matteo, Galli, Silvia, Battistelli, Elia S., Hooper, Deanna C., Lesgourgues, Julien, and Schöneberg, Nils
Abstract: Measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectral distortions (SDs) will open a new window on the very early universe, providing new information complementary to that gathered from CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies. In this paper, we study their synergy as a function of the characteristics of the considered experiments. In particular, we examine a wide range of sensitivities for possible SD measurements, spanning from FIRAS up to noise levels 1000 times better than PIXIE, and study their constraining power when combined with current or future CMB anisotropy experiments such as Planck or LiteBIRD plus CMB-S4. We consider a number of different cosmological models such as the $\Lambda$CDM, as well as its extensions with the running of the scalar spectral index, the decay or the annihilation of dark matter (DM) particles. While upcoming CMB anisotropy experiments will be able to decrease the uncertainties on inflationary parameters such as $A_s$ and $n_s$ by about a factor 2 in the $\Lambda$CDM case, we find that an SD experiment 100 times more sensitive than PIXIE (comparable to the proposed Super-PIXIE satellite) could potentially further contribute to constrain these parameters. This is even more significant in the case of the running of the scalar spectral index. Furthermore, as expected, constraints on DM particles decaying at redshifts probed by SDs will improve by orders of magnitude even with an experiment 10 times worse than PIXIE as compared to CMB anisotropies or Big Bang Nucleosynthesis bounds. On the contrary, DM annihilation constraints will not significantly improve over CMB anisotropy measurements. Finally, we forecast the constraints obtainable with sensitivities achievable either from the ground or from a balloon., Comment: 25+4 pages with 8 figures and 7 tables, published version
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

Author: Collaboration, CMB-S4, Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme E., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Akerib, Daniel, Ali, Aamir, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Ashton, Peter, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Bianchini, Federico, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K., Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Caimapo, Carlos Hervias, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, Delabrouille, Jacques, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Dunkley, Jo, Dvorkin, Cora, Eimer, Joseph, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Gullett, Ian, Gupta, Nikhel, Habib, Salman, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hill, Charles, Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hoang, Thuong, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hood, John, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Bradley R., Jones, William C., Kang, Jae Hwan, Karkare, Kirit S., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lähteenmäki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Lubin, Phil, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Marques, Gabriela, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McCarrick, Heather, McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Menanteau, Felipe, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Monzani, Maria, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nord, Brian, Novosad, Valentine, O'Brient, Roger, Padin, Stephen, Palladino, Steven, Partridge, Bruce, Petravick, Don, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Prabhu, Karthik, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Rahlin, Alexandra, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John E., Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmitt, Benjamin, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Spergel, David, Germaine, Tyler St., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Starkman, Glenn D., Stompor, Radek, Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Thorne, Ben, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Wagoner, Kasey, Wallisch, Benjamin, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yang, H. Y. Eric, Yasini, Siavash, Yefremenko, Volodymyr G., Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, Yu, Cyndia, Zonca, Andrea, Collaboration, CMB-S4, Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme E., Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Akerib, Daniel, Ali, Aamir, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Ashton, Peter, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bard, Debbie, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Bianchini, Federico, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly K., Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brinckmann, Thejs, Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Caimapo, Carlos Hervias, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Coulton, Will, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, Delabrouille, Jacques, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dierickx, Marion, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Dunkley, Jo, Dvorkin, Cora, Eimer, Joseph, Elleflot, Tucker, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Gallardo, Patricio A., Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gluscevic, Vera, Goeckner-Wald, Neil, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Gullett, Ian, Gupta, Nikhel, Habib, Salman, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Hensley, Brandon, Hill, Charles, Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty, Hoang, Thuong, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hood, John, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Jeong, Oliver, Johnson, Bradley R., Jones, William C., Kang, Jae Hwan, Karkare, Kirit S., Katayama, Nobuhiko, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Koopman, Brian J., Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kusaka, Akito, Lähteenmäki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Lubin, Phil, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Marques, Gabriela, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McCarrick, Heather, McMahon, Jeffrey, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Menanteau, Felipe, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Monzani, Maria, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nord, Brian, Novosad, Valentine, O'Brient, Roger, Padin, Stephen, Palladino, Steven, Partridge, Bruce, Petravick, Don, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Prabhu, Karthik, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Rahlin, Alexandra, Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana, Raveri, Marco, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John E., Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmitt, Benjamin, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Spergel, David, Germaine, Tyler St., Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Starkman, Glenn D., Stompor, Radek, Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Thorne, Ben, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Vavagiakis, Eve M., Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Wagoner, Kasey, Wallisch, Benjamin, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, Westbrook, Ben, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yang, H. Y. Eric, Yasini, Siavash, Yefremenko, Volodymyr G., Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, Yu, Cyndia, and Zonca, Andrea
Abstract: CMB-S4---the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment---is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semi-analytic projection tool, targeted explicitly towards optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2--3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semi-analytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for $r > 0.003$ at greater than $5\sigma$, or, in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of $r < 0.001$ at $95\%$ CL., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, 9 tables, submitted to ApJ. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1907.04473
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Aseptic Ligatures Induce Marginal Peri-Implant Bone Loss-An 8-Week Trial in Rabbits

Author: Reinedahl, David, Galli, Silvia, Albrektsson, Tomas, Tengvall, Pentti, Johansson, Carina B, Hammarström Johansson, Petra, Wennerberg, Ann, Reinedahl, David, Galli, Silvia, Albrektsson, Tomas, Tengvall, Pentti, Johansson, Carina B, Hammarström Johansson, Petra, and Wennerberg, Ann
Abstract: The clinical value of ligature-induced experimental peri-implantitis studies has been questioned due to the artificial nature of the model. Despite repeated claims that ligatures of silk, cotton and other materials may not induce bone resorption by themselves; a recent review showed that the tissue reaction toward them has not been investigated. Hence, the current study aimed to explore the hard and soft tissue reactions toward commonly used ligature materials. A total of 60 dental implants were inserted into the femur ( = 20) and tibia ( = 40) of 10 rabbits. The femoral implants were ligated with sterile 3-0 braided silk in one leg and sterile cotton retraction chord in the other leg. The tibial implants were ligated with silk or left as non-ligated controls. All wounds were closed in layers. After a healing time of 8 weeks, femoral (silk versus cotton) and proximal tibial (silk versus non-ligated control) implants were investigated histologically. Distal tibial (silk versus non-ligated control) implants were investigated with real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The distance from the implant-top to first bone contact point was longer for silk ligated implants compared to non-ligated controls ( = 0.007), but did not vary between cotton and silk. The ligatures triggered an immunological reaction with cell infiltrates in close contact with the ligature materials, adjacent soft tissue encapsulation and bone resorption. qPCR further demonstrated an upregulated immune response toward the silk ligatures compared to non-ligated controls. Silk and cotton ligatures provoke foreign body reactions of soft tissue encapsulation type and bone resorption around implants in the absence of plaque.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Osseointegration effects of local release of strontium ranelate from implant surfaces in rats

Author: Alenezi, Ali, Galli, Silvia, Atefyekta, Saba, Andersson, Martin, Wennerberg, Ann, Alenezi, Ali, Galli, Silvia, Atefyekta, Saba, Andersson, Martin, and Wennerberg, Ann
Abstract: Background: Numerous studies have reported the beneficial effects of strontium on bone growth, particularly by stimulating osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Thus, strontium release around implants has been suggested as one possible strategy to enhance implant osseointegration. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate whether the local release of strontium ranelate (Sr-ranelate) from implants coated with mesoporous titania could improve bone formation around implants in an animal model. Materials and methods: Mesoporous titania (MT) thin coatings were formed utilizing the evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) method using Pluronic (P123) with or without the addition of poly propylene glycol (PPG) to create materials with two different pore sizes. The MT was deposited on disks and mini-screws, both made of cp Ti grade IV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to characterize the MT using a Leo Ultra55 FEG instrument (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). The MT was loaded with Sr-ranelate using soaking and the drug uptake and release kinetics to and from the surfaces were evaluated using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) utilizing a Q-sense E4 instrument. For the in vivo experiment, 24 adult rats were analyzed at two time points of implant healing (2 and 6 weeks). Titanium implants shaped as mini screws were coated with MT films and divided into two groups; supplied with Sr-ranelate (test group) and without Sr-ranelate (control group). Four implants (both test and control) were inserted in the tibia of each rat. The in vivo study was evaluated using histomorphometric analyses of the implant/bone interphase using optical microscopy. Results: SEM images showed the successful formation of evenly distributed MT films covering the entire surface with pore sizes of 6 and 7.2 nm, respectively. The QCM-D analysis revealed an absorption of 3300 ng/cm2 of Sr-ranelate on the 7.2 nm MT, which was about 3 times more than the observed amount
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Bone Immune Response to Materials, Part II : Copper and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Compared to Titanium at 10 and 28 Days in Rabbit Tibia

Author: Trindade, Ricardo, Albrektsson, Tomas, Galli, Silvia, Prgomet, Zdenka, Tengvall, Pentti, Wennerberg, Ann, Trindade, Ricardo, Albrektsson, Tomas, Galli, Silvia, Prgomet, Zdenka, Tengvall, Pentti, and Wennerberg, Ann
Abstract: Osseointegration is likely the result of an immunologically driven bone reaction to materials such as titanium. Osseointegration has resulted in the clinical possibility to anchor oral implants in jaw bone tissue. However, the mechanisms behind bony anchorage are not fully understood and complications over a longer period of time have been reported. The current study aims at exploring possible differences between copper (Cu) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) materials that do not osseointegrate, with osseointegrating cp titanium as control. The implants were placed in rabbit tibia and selected immune markers were evaluated at 10 and 28 days of follow-up. Cu and PEEK demonstrated at both time points a higher immune activation than cp titanium. Cu demonstrated distance osteogenesis due to a maintained proinflammatory environment over time, and PEEK failed to osseointegrate due to an immunologically defined preferential adipose tissue formation on its surface. The here presented results suggest the description of two different mechanisms for failed osseointegration, both of which are correlated to the immune system.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. CMB-S4 Decadal Survey APC White Paper

Author: Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bailey, Kathy, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Baxter, Eric, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Berger, Edo, Bhimani, Sanah, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly, Bonato, Matteo, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Burkhart, Blakesley, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, de Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Demarteau, Marcel, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan, Dvorkin, Cora, Edwards, William, Eimer, Joseph, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Victor, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Huffer, Michael, Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Karkare, Kirit, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kerby, James, Kernovsky, Sarah, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kurita, Nadine, Kusaka, Akito, Lahteenmaki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Negrello, Mattia, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nordby, Martin, Novosad, Valentine, O'Connor, Paul, Obied, Georges, Padin, Stephen, Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alexandra, Rajagopalan, Srini, Raveri, Marco, Reichanadter, Mark, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sheehy, Christopher, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Somerville, Rachel, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Stompor, Radek, Story, Kyle T., Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Treu, Jesse I., Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Vogelsberger, Mark, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Yeck, James, Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, Zonca, Andrea, Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Amin, Mustafa A., Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bailey, Kathy, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Baxter, Eric, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Berger, Edo, Bhimani, Sanah, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bock, James J., Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly, Bonato, Matteo, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Burkhart, Blakesley, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, de Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Demarteau, Marcel, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan, Dvorkin, Cora, Edwards, William, Eimer, Joseph, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Victor, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Huffer, Michael, Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Karkare, Kirit, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kerby, James, Kernovsky, Sarah, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kurita, Nadine, Kusaka, Akito, Lahteenmaki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McMahon, Jeff, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Negrello, Mattia, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nordby, Martin, Novosad, Valentine, O'Connor, Paul, Obied, Georges, Padin, Stephen, Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alexandra, Rajagopalan, Srini, Raveri, Marco, Reichanadter, Mark, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sheehy, Christopher, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Somerville, Rachel, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Stompor, Radek, Story, Kyle T., Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Treu, Jesse I., Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Vogelsberger, Mark, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Yeck, James, Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, and Zonca, Andrea
Abstract: We provide an overview of the science case, instrument configuration and project plan for the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment CMB-S4, for consideration by the 2020 Decadal Survey., Comment: Project White Paper submitted to the 2020 Decadal Survey, 10 pages plus references. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1907.04473
Published: 2019

21. CMB-S4 Science Case, Reference Design, and Project Plan

Author: Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bailey, Kathy, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Baxter, Eric, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Berger, Edo, Bhimani, Sanah, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly, Bonato, Matteo, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Burkhart, Blakesley, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, de Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Demarteau, Marcel, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan, Dvorkin, Cora, Edwards, William, Eimer, Joseph, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Victor, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Huffer, Michael, Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Karkare, Kirit, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kerby, James, Kernovsky, Sarah, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kurita, Nadine, Kusaka, Akito, Lahteenmaki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McMahon, Jeff, McQuinn, Matthew, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Negrello, Mattia, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nordby, Martin, Novosad, Valentine, O'Connor, Paul, Obied, Georges, Padin, Stephen, Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alexandra, Rajagopalan, Srini, Raveri, Marco, Reichanadter, Mark, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sheehy, Christopher, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Somerville, Rachel, Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Stompor, Radek, Story, Kyle T., Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Treu, Jesse I., Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Vogelsberger, Mark, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Yeck, James, Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, Zonca, Andrea, Abazajian, Kevork, Addison, Graeme, Adshead, Peter, Ahmed, Zeeshan, Allen, Steven W., Alonso, David, Alvarez, Marcelo, Anderson, Adam, Arnold, Kam S., Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bailey, Kathy, Barkats, Denis, Barron, Darcy, Barry, Peter S., Bartlett, James G., Thakur, Ritoban Basu, Battaglia, Nicholas, Baxter, Eric, Bean, Rachel, Bebek, Chris, Bender, Amy N., Benson, Bradford A., Berger, Edo, Bhimani, Sanah, Bischoff, Colin A., Bleem, Lindsey, Bocquet, Sebastian, Boddy, Kimberly, Bonato, Matteo, Bond, J. Richard, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Brown, Michael L., Bryan, Sean, Burkhart, Blakesley, Buza, Victor, Byrum, Karen, Calabrese, Erminia, Calafut, Victoria, Caldwell, Robert, Carlstrom, John E., Carron, Julien, Cecil, Thomas, Challinor, Anthony, Chang, Clarence L., Chinone, Yuji, Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry, Cooray, Asantha, Crawford, Thomas M., Crites, Abigail, Cukierman, Ari, Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan, de Haan, Tijmen, de Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Demarteau, Marcel, Devlin, Mark, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dobbs, Matt, Duff, Shannon, Duivenvoorden, Adriaan, Dvorkin, Cora, Edwards, William, Eimer, Joseph, Errard, Josquin, Essinger-Hileman, Thomas, Fabbian, Giulio, Feng, Chang, Ferraro, Simone, Filippini, Jeffrey P., Flauger, Raphael, Flaugher, Brenna, Fraisse, Aurelien A., Frolov, Andrei, Galitzki, Nicholas, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Gerbino, Martina, Gilchriese, Murdock, Gluscevic, Vera, Green, Daniel, Grin, Daniel, Grohs, Evan, Gualtieri, Riccardo, Guarino, Victor, Gudmundsson, Jon E., Habib, Salman, Haller, Gunther, Halpern, Mark, Halverson, Nils W., Hanany, Shaul, Harrington, Kathleen, Hasegawa, Masaya, Hasselfield, Matthew, Hazumi, Masashi, Heitmann, Katrin, Henderson, Shawn, Henning, Jason W., Hill, J. Colin, Hlozek, Renée, Holder, Gil, Holzapfel, William, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin M., Huffer, Michael, Hui, Howard, Irwin, Kent, Johnson, Bradley R., Johnstone, Doug, Jones, William C., Karkare, Kirit, Katayama, Nobuhiko, Kerby, James, Kernovsky, Sarah, Keskitalo, Reijo, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Kosowsky, Arthur, Kovac, John, Kovetz, Ely D., Kuhlmann, Steve, Kuo, Chao-lin, Kurita, Nadine, Kusaka, Akito, Lahteenmaki, Anne, Lawrence, Charles R., Lee, Adrian T., Lewis, Antony, Li, Dale, Linder, Eric, Loverde, Marilena, Lowitz, Amy, Madhavacheril, Mathew S., Mantz, Adam, Matsuda, Frederick, Mauskopf, Philip, McMahon, Jeff, McQuinn, Matthew, Meerburg, P. Daniel, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Meyers, Joel, Millea, Marius, Mohr, Joseph, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Mroczkowski, Tony, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Münchmeyer, Moritz, Nagai, Daisuke, Nagy, Johanna, Namikawa, Toshiya, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Tyler, Negrello, Mattia, Newburgh, Laura, Niemack, Michael D., Nishino, Haruki, Nordby, Martin, Novosad, Valentine, O'Connor, Paul, Obied, Georges, Padin, Stephen, Pandey, Shivam, Partridge, Bruce, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pogosian, Levon, Pryke, Clement, Puglisi, Giuseppe, Racine, Benjamin, Raghunathan, Srinivasan, Rahlin, Alexandra, Rajagopalan, Srini, Raveri, Marco, Reichanadter, Mark, Reichardt, Christian L., Remazeilles, Mathieu, Rocha, Graca, Roe, Natalie A., Roy, Anirban, Ruhl, John, Salatino, Maria, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Schaan, Emmanuel, Schillaci, Alessandro, Schmittfull, Marcel M., Scott, Douglas, Sehgal, Neelima, Shandera, Sarah, Sheehy, Christopher, Sherwin, Blake D., Shirokoff, Erik, Simon, Sara M., Slosar, Anze, Somerville, Rachel, Spergel, David, Staggs, Suzanne T., Stark, Antony, Stompor, Radek, Story, Kyle T., Stoughton, Chris, Suzuki, Aritoki, Tajima, Osamu, Teply, Grant P., Thompson, Keith, Timbie, Peter, Tomasi, Maurizio, Treu, Jesse I., Tristram, Matthieu, Tucker, Gregory, Umiltà, Caterina, van Engelen, Alexander, Vieira, Joaquin D., Vieregg, Abigail G., Vogelsberger, Mark, Wang, Gensheng, Watson, Scott, White, Martin, Whitehorn, Nathan, Wollack, Edward J., Wu, W. L. Kimmy, Xu, Zhilei, Yasini, Siavash, Yeck, James, Yoon, Ki Won, Young, Edward, and Zonca, Andrea
Abstract: We present the science case, reference design, and project plan for the Stage-4 ground-based cosmic microwave background experiment CMB-S4., Comment: 287 pages, 82 figures
Published: 2019

22. Sequential R&D and blocking patents in the dynamics of growth

Author: Cozzi, Guido, Galli, Silvia, Cozzi, Guido, and Galli, Silvia
Abstract: The incentives to conduct basic or applied research play a central role for economic growth. How does increasing early innovation appropriability affect basic research, applied research, innovation and growth? In a common law system an explicitly dynamic macroeconomic analysis is appropriate. This paper analyzes the macroeconomic effects of patent protection by incorporating a two-stage cumulative innovation structure into a quality-ladder growth model with endogenous skill acquisition. We focus on two issues: (a) the over-protection versus the under-protection of intellectual property rights in basic research; (b) the evolution of jurisprudence shaping the bargaining power of the upstream innovators. We show that the dynamic general equilibrium interactions may seriously mislead the empirical assessment of the growth effects of IPR policy: stronger protection of upstream innovation always looks bad in the short- and possibly medium-run. We also provide a simple "rule of thumb” indicator of the basic researcher bargaining power.
Published: 2019

23. Bone Immune Response to Materials, Part I : Titanium, PEEK and Copper in Comparison to Sham at 10 Days in Rabbit Tibia

Author: Trindade, Ricardo, Albrektsson, Tomas, Galli, Silvia, Prgomet, Zdenka, Tengvall, Pentti, Wennerberg, Ann, Trindade, Ricardo, Albrektsson, Tomas, Galli, Silvia, Prgomet, Zdenka, Tengvall, Pentti, and Wennerberg, Ann
Abstract: Bone anchored biomaterials have become an indispensable solution for the restoration of lost dental elements and for skeletal joint replacements. However, a thorough understanding is still lacking in terms of the biological mechanisms leading to osseointegration and its contrast, unwanted peri-implant bone loss. We have previously hypothesized on the participation of immune mechanisms in such processes, and later demonstrated enhanced bone immune activation up to 4 weeks around titanium implants. The current experimental study explored and compared in a rabbit tibia model after 10 days of healing time, the bone inflammation/immunological reaction at mRNA level towards titanium, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and copper compared to a Sham control. Samples from the test and control sites were, after a healing period, processed for gene expression analysis (polymerase chain reaction, (qPCR)) and decalcified histology tissue analysis. All materials displayed immune activation and suppression of bone resorption, when compared to sham. The M1 (inflammatory)/M2 (reparative) -macrophage phenotype balance was correlated to the proximity and volume of bone growth at the implant vicinity, with titanium demonstrating a M2-phenotype at 10 days, whereas copper and PEEK were still dealing with a mixed M1- and M2-phenotype environment. Titanium was the only material showing adequate bone growth and proximity inside the implant threads. There was a consistent upregulation of (T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4) CD4 and downregulation of (T-cell transmembrane glycoprotein CD8) CD8, indicating a CD4-lymphocyte phenotype driven reaction around all materials at 10 days.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. The effect of magnesium on early osseointegration in osteoporotic bone : a histological and gene expression investigation

Author: Galli, Silvia, Stocchero, Michele, Andersson, M., Karlsson, J., He, W., Lilin, T., Wennerberg, Ann, Jimbo, Ryo, Galli, Silvia, Stocchero, Michele, Andersson, M., Karlsson, J., He, W., Lilin, T., Wennerberg, Ann, and Jimbo, Ryo
Abstract: Magnesium has a key role in osteoporosis and could enhance implant osseointegration in osteoporotic patients. Titanium implants impregnated with Mg ions were installed in the tibia of ovariectomized rats. The release of Mg induced a significant increase of bone formation and the expression of anabolic markers in the peri-implant bone. The success of endosseous implants is highly predictable in patients possessing normal bone status, but it may be impaired in patients with osteoporosis. Thus, the application of strategies that adjuvate implant healing in compromized sites is of great interest. Magnesium has a key role in osteoporosis prevention and it is an interesting candidate for this purpose. In this study, the cellular and molecular effects of magnesium release from implants were investigated at the early healing stages of implant integration. Osteoporosis was induced in 24 female rats by means of ovariectomy and low-calcium diet. Titanium mini-screws were coated with mesoporous titania films and were loaded with magnesium (test group) or left as native (control group). The implants were inserted in the tibia and femur of the rats. One, 2 and 7 days after implantation, the implants were retrieved and histologically examined. In addition, expression of genes was evaluated in the peri-implant bone tissue at day 7 by means of quantitative polymerase chain reactions with pathway-oriented arrays. The histological evaluation revealed that new bone formation started already during the first week of healing for both groups. However, around the test implants, new bone was significantly more abundant and spread along a larger surface of the implants. In addition, the release of magnesium induced a significantly higher expression of BMP6. These results provide evidence that the release of magnesium promoted rapid bone formation and the activation of osteogenic signals in the vicinity of implants placed in osteoporotic bone., Correction available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4497-6 (ISI: 000441646600025)
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Controlled release of Clarithromycin from PLGA microspheres enhances bone regeneration in rabbit calvaria defects

Author: Alenezi, Ali, Naito, Yoshihito, Terukina, Takayuki, Prananingrum, Widyasri, Jinno, Yohei, Tagami, Tatsuaki, Ozeki, Tetsuya, Galli, Silvia, Jimbo, Ryo, Alenezi, Ali, Naito, Yoshihito, Terukina, Takayuki, Prananingrum, Widyasri, Jinno, Yohei, Tagami, Tatsuaki, Ozeki, Tetsuya, Galli, Silvia, and Jimbo, Ryo
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the controlled release effect of Clarithromycin loaded in PLGA microspheres in a rabbit calvaria defect model. Methods: Clarithromycin-loaded PLGA microspheres (MSPs) were formulated by modified O/W single emulsion/solvent evaporation method. After characterization, in vivo animal experiment was conducted. Four critical size bone defects were created in the calvaria of New Zealand White rabbits (n=21, n=7/time point). The bone defects were randomly designated to 4 groups: Group 1: No augmentation (sham), Group 2: beta-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), Group 3: beta-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with 0.12 µg clarithromycin, and Group 4: beta-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with 6.12 µg PLGA microspheres (loaded with 0.12 µg clarithromycin). After 2, 4 and 12 weeks of healing, the levels of bone regeneration were evaluated using micro- computed tomography and histology.Results: The average size of the PLGA microspheres was 26.38 μm that showed 94% encapsulation efficacy with clarithromycin. Clarithromycin release from PLGA microspheres revealed sustained release for around 4 weeks with approximately 50% release of clarithromycin during the first week. In the histological analysis, new bone formation was evident at 2 and 4 weeks of healing in all groups and bone formation increased as a function of healing time in vivo. At 12 weeks, Group 4 showed significantly higher amount of newly formed bone compared to Group 1 (p=0,002). Moreover, during the micro CT exam, Group 4 expressed significantly higher bone formation compared to Group 1 at all time points tested (p=0.00, 0.014, and 0.002 in 2, 4, and 12 weeks, respectively).Conclusions: PLGA microspheres demonstrated initial burst release of clarithromycin followed by a sustained release profile. The in vivo findings showed that β-TCP with clarithromycin-loaded microspheres can enhance bone formation in bone defects.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Exploring cosmic origins with CORE: gravitational lensing of the CMB

Author: Challinor, Anthony, Allison, Rupert, Carron, Julien, Errard, Josquin, Feeney, Stephen, Kitching, Thomas, Lesgourgues, Julien, Lewis, Antony, Zubeldía, Íñigo, Achucarro, Ana, Ade, Peter, Ashdown, Mark, Ballardini, Mario, Banday, A. J., Banerji, Ranajoy, Bartlett, James, Bartolo, Nicola, Basak, Soumen, Baumann, Daniel, Bersanelli, Marco, Bonaldi, Anna, Bonato, Matteo, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François, Boulanger, François, Brinckmann, Thejs, Bucher, Martin, Burigana, Carlo, Buzzelli, Alessandro, Cai, Zhen-Yi, Calvo, Martino, Carvalho, Carla-Sofia, Castellano, Gabriella, Chluba, Jens, Clesse, Sebastien, Colantoni, Ivan, Coppolecchia, Alessandro, Crook, Martin, d'Alessandro, Giuseppe, de Bernardis, Paolo, de Gasperis, Giancarlo, De Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Diego, Jose-Maria, Fernandez-Cobos, Raul, Ferraro, Simone, Finelli, Fabio, Forastieri, Francesco, Galli, Silvia, Genova-Santos, Ricardo, Gerbino, Martina, González-Nuevo, Joaquin, Grandis, Sebastian, Greenslade, Joshua, Hagstotz, Steffen, Hanany, Shaul, Handley, Will, Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, Hills, Matthew, Hivon, Eric, Kiiveri, Kimmo, Kisner, Ted, Kunz, Martin, Kurki-Suonio, Hannu, Lamagna, Luca, Lasenby, Anthony, Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Liguori, Michele, Lindholm, Valtteri, López-Caniego, Marcos, Luzzi, Gemma, Maffei, Bruno, Martinez-González, Enrique, Martins, C. J. A. P., Masi, Silvia, McCarthy, Darragh, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Molinari, Diego, Monfardini, Alessandro, Natoli, Paolo, Negrello, Mattia, Notari, Alessio, Paiella, Alessandro, Paoletti, Daniela, Patanchon, Guillaume, Piat, Michel, Pisano, Giampaolo, Polastri, Linda, Polenta, Gianluca, Pollo, Agnieszka, Poulin, Vivian, Quartin, Miguel, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Roman, Matthieu, Rubino-Martin, Jose-Alberto, Salvati, Laura, Tartari, Andrea, Tomasi, Maurizio, Tramonte, Denis, Trappe, Neil, Trombetti, Tiziana, Tucker, Carole, Valiviita, Jussi, Van de Weijgaert, Rien, van Tent, Bartjan, Vennin, Vincent, Vielva, Patricio, Vittorio, Nicola, Young, Karl, Zannoni, Mario, Challinor, Anthony, Allison, Rupert, Carron, Julien, Errard, Josquin, Feeney, Stephen, Kitching, Thomas, Lesgourgues, Julien, Lewis, Antony, Zubeldía, Íñigo, Achucarro, Ana, Ade, Peter, Ashdown, Mark, Ballardini, Mario, Banday, A. J., Banerji, Ranajoy, Bartlett, James, Bartolo, Nicola, Basak, Soumen, Baumann, Daniel, Bersanelli, Marco, Bonaldi, Anna, Bonato, Matteo, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, François, Boulanger, François, Brinckmann, Thejs, Bucher, Martin, Burigana, Carlo, Buzzelli, Alessandro, Cai, Zhen-Yi, Calvo, Martino, Carvalho, Carla-Sofia, Castellano, Gabriella, Chluba, Jens, Clesse, Sebastien, Colantoni, Ivan, Coppolecchia, Alessandro, Crook, Martin, d'Alessandro, Giuseppe, de Bernardis, Paolo, de Gasperis, Giancarlo, De Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Diego, Jose-Maria, Fernandez-Cobos, Raul, Ferraro, Simone, Finelli, Fabio, Forastieri, Francesco, Galli, Silvia, Genova-Santos, Ricardo, Gerbino, Martina, González-Nuevo, Joaquin, Grandis, Sebastian, Greenslade, Joshua, Hagstotz, Steffen, Hanany, Shaul, Handley, Will, Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos, Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos, Hills, Matthew, Hivon, Eric, Kiiveri, Kimmo, Kisner, Ted, Kunz, Martin, Kurki-Suonio, Hannu, Lamagna, Luca, Lasenby, Anthony, Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Liguori, Michele, Lindholm, Valtteri, López-Caniego, Marcos, Luzzi, Gemma, Maffei, Bruno, Martinez-González, Enrique, Martins, C. J. A. P., Masi, Silvia, McCarthy, Darragh, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Molinari, Diego, Monfardini, Alessandro, Natoli, Paolo, Negrello, Mattia, Notari, Alessio, Paiella, Alessandro, Paoletti, Daniela, Patanchon, Guillaume, Piat, Michel, Pisano, Giampaolo, Polastri, Linda, Polenta, Gianluca, Pollo, Agnieszka, Poulin, Vivian, Quartin, Miguel, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Roman, Matthieu, Rubino-Martin, Jose-Alberto, Salvati, Laura, Tartari, Andrea, Tomasi, Maurizio, Tramonte, Denis, Trappe, Neil, Trombetti, Tiziana, Tucker, Carole, Valiviita, Jussi, Van de Weijgaert, Rien, van Tent, Bartjan, Vennin, Vincent, Vielva, Patricio, Vittorio, Nicola, Young, Karl, and Zannoni, Mario
Abstract: Lensing of the CMB is now a well-developed probe of large-scale clustering over a broad range of redshifts. By exploiting the non-Gaussian imprints of lensing in the polarization of the CMB, the CORE mission can produce a clean map of the lensing deflections over nearly the full-sky. The number of high-S/N modes in this map will exceed current CMB lensing maps by a factor of 40, and the measurement will be sample-variance limited on all scales where linear theory is valid. Here, we summarise this mission product and discuss the science that it will enable. For example, the summed mass of neutrinos will be determined to an accuracy of 17 meV combining CORE lensing and CMB two-point information with contemporaneous BAO measurements, three times smaller than the minimum total mass allowed by neutrino oscillations. In the search for B-mode polarization from primordial gravitational waves with CORE, lens-induced B-modes will dominate over instrument noise, limiting constraints on the gravitational wave power spectrum amplitude. With lensing reconstructed by CORE, one can "delens" the observed polarization internally, reducing the lensing B-mode power by 60%. This improves to 70% by combining lensing and CIB measurements from CORE, reducing the error on the gravitational wave amplitude by 2.5 compared to no delensing (in the null hypothesis). Lensing measurements from CORE will allow calibration of the halo masses of the 40000 galaxy clusters that it will find, with constraints dominated by the clean polarization-based estimators. CORE can accurately remove Galactic emission from CMB maps with its 19 frequency channels. We present initial findings that show that residual Galactic foreground contamination will not be a significant source of bias for lensing power spectrum measurements with CORE. [abridged], Comment: 44 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. On magnesium-containing implants for bone applications

Author: Galli, Silvia and Galli, Silvia
Abstract: The biomedical technologies for bone application are employed in millions of patients every year to restore function and aesthetics following trauma, diseases and congenital deformities. They achieved significant advancements in the last decades and have resulted in the development of implants that function for long periods of time. However, some fundamental clinical challenges still remain and are exacerbated by the aging of the population and by the increased life expectancy of the patients.First of all, permanent implants, despite having very high success rates, still face the risk for marginal bone loss and peri-implant osteolysis in some number of cases. Strategies to fasten, to strengthen and to maintain the bone integration of these implants are desired to enhance the implant clinical performances especially in situation of compromised bone. Secondly, the fixation of fractures and the repair of bone defects are required in a large number of clinical situations, where the intrinsic ability of bone to repair itself is limited. A constantly advocated requirement for osteosynthetic devices is the biodegradability, to avoid a second surgery for implant removal or the permanence of the device in the body for long time, with possible adverse effects. However, especially for osteosynthesis devices, materials that possess adequate mechanical properties for load-bearing applications and that biodegrade upon the substitution of new healthy osseous tissue are not yet available. Magnesium (Mg) is a material that offers potential benefits in these clinical issues. Magnesium is a natural component of the human body, which is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions and metabolic processes; thus, it is tolerated at high levels. It has a prominent role in bone homeostasis and bone health in general and it is considered bioactive, osteoconductive and angiogenetic. Therefore it could be applied as a doping agent to permanent implants and bone grafts, to increase their osseointe
Published: 2016

28. Exploring Cosmic Origins with CORE: Inflation

Author: CORE Collaboration, Finelli, Fabio, Bucher, Martin, Achúcarro, Ana, Ballardini, Mario, Bartolo, Nicola, Baumann, Daniel, Clesse, Sébastien, Errard, Josquin, Handley, Will, Hindmarsh, Mark, Kiiveri, Kimmo, Kunz, Martin, Lasenby, Anthony, Liguori, Michele, Paoletti, Daniela, Ringeval, Christophe, Väliviita, Jussi, van Tent, Bartjan, Vennin, Vincent, Allison, Rupert, Arroja, Frederico, Ashdown, Marc, Banday, A. J., Banerji, Ranajoy, Bartlett, James G., Basak, Soumen, Baselmans, Jochem, de Bernardis, Paolo, Bersanelli, Marco, Bonaldi, Anna, Borril, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Boulanger, François, Brinckmann, Thejs, Burigana, Carlo, Buzzelli, Alessandro, Cai, Zhen-Yi, Calvo, Martino, Carvalho, Carla Sofia, Castellano, Gabriella, Challinor, Anthony, Chluba, Jens, Colantoni, Ivan, Crook, Martin, D'Alessandro, Giuseppe, D'Amico, Guido, Delabrouille, Jacques, Desjacques, Vincent, De Zotti, Gianfranco, Diego, Jose Maria, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Feeney, Stephen, Fergusson, James R., Fernandez-Cobos, Raul, Ferraro, Simone, Forastieri, Francesco, Galli, Silvia, García-Bellido, Juan, de Gasperis, Giancarlo, Génova-Santos, Ricardo T., Gerbino, Martina, González-Nuevo, Joaquin, Grandis, Sebastian, Greenslade, Josh, Hagstotz, Steffen, Hanany, Shaul, Hazra, Dhiraj K., Hernández-Monteagudo, Carlos, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hills, Matthew, Hivon, Eric, Hu, Bin, Kisner, Ted, Kitching, Thomas, Kovetz, Ely D., Kurki-Suonio, Hannu, Lamagna, Luca, Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Lesgourgues, Julien, Lewis, Antony, Lindholm, Valtteri, Lizarraga, Joanes, López-Caniego, Marcos, Luzzi, Gemma, Maffei, Bruno, Mandolesi, Nazzareno, Martínez-González, Enrique, Martins, Carlos J. A. P., Masi, Silvia, McCarthy, Darragh, Matarrese, Sabino, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Molinari, Diego, Monfardini, Alessandro, Natoli, Paolo, Negrello, Mattia, Notari, Alessio, Oppizzi, Filippo, Paiella, Alessandro, Pajer, Enrico, Patanchon, Guillaume, Patil, Subodh P., Piat, Michael, Pisano, Giampaolo, Polastri, Linda, Polenta, Gianluca, Pollo, Agnieszka, Poulin, Vivian, Quartin, Miguel, Ravenni, Andrea, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Renzi, Alessandro, Roest, Diederik, Roman, Matthieu, Rubiño-Martin, Jose Alberto, Salvati, Laura, Starobinsky, Alexei A., Tartari, Andrea, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, Tomasi, Maurizio, Torrado, Jesús, Trappe, Neil, Trombetti, Tiziana, Tucker, Carole, Tucci, Marco, Urrestilla, Jon, van de Weygaert, Rien, Vielva, Patricio, Vittorio, Nicola, Young, Karl, CORE Collaboration, Finelli, Fabio, Bucher, Martin, Achúcarro, Ana, Ballardini, Mario, Bartolo, Nicola, Baumann, Daniel, Clesse, Sébastien, Errard, Josquin, Handley, Will, Hindmarsh, Mark, Kiiveri, Kimmo, Kunz, Martin, Lasenby, Anthony, Liguori, Michele, Paoletti, Daniela, Ringeval, Christophe, Väliviita, Jussi, van Tent, Bartjan, Vennin, Vincent, Allison, Rupert, Arroja, Frederico, Ashdown, Marc, Banday, A. J., Banerji, Ranajoy, Bartlett, James G., Basak, Soumen, Baselmans, Jochem, de Bernardis, Paolo, Bersanelli, Marco, Bonaldi, Anna, Borril, Julian, Bouchet, François R., Boulanger, François, Brinckmann, Thejs, Burigana, Carlo, Buzzelli, Alessandro, Cai, Zhen-Yi, Calvo, Martino, Carvalho, Carla Sofia, Castellano, Gabriella, Challinor, Anthony, Chluba, Jens, Colantoni, Ivan, Crook, Martin, D'Alessandro, Giuseppe, D'Amico, Guido, Delabrouille, Jacques, Desjacques, Vincent, De Zotti, Gianfranco, Diego, Jose Maria, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Feeney, Stephen, Fergusson, James R., Fernandez-Cobos, Raul, Ferraro, Simone, Forastieri, Francesco, Galli, Silvia, García-Bellido, Juan, de Gasperis, Giancarlo, Génova-Santos, Ricardo T., Gerbino, Martina, González-Nuevo, Joaquin, Grandis, Sebastian, Greenslade, Josh, Hagstotz, Steffen, Hanany, Shaul, Hazra, Dhiraj K., Hernández-Monteagudo, Carlos, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hills, Matthew, Hivon, Eric, Hu, Bin, Kisner, Ted, Kitching, Thomas, Kovetz, Ely D., Kurki-Suonio, Hannu, Lamagna, Luca, Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Lesgourgues, Julien, Lewis, Antony, Lindholm, Valtteri, Lizarraga, Joanes, López-Caniego, Marcos, Luzzi, Gemma, Maffei, Bruno, Mandolesi, Nazzareno, Martínez-González, Enrique, Martins, Carlos J. A. P., Masi, Silvia, McCarthy, Darragh, Matarrese, Sabino, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Molinari, Diego, Monfardini, Alessandro, Natoli, Paolo, Negrello, Mattia, Notari, Alessio, Oppizzi, Filippo, Paiella, Alessandro, Pajer, Enrico, Patanchon, Guillaume, Patil, Subodh P., Piat, Michael, Pisano, Giampaolo, Polastri, Linda, Polenta, Gianluca, Pollo, Agnieszka, Poulin, Vivian, Quartin, Miguel, Ravenni, Andrea, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Renzi, Alessandro, Roest, Diederik, Roman, Matthieu, Rubiño-Martin, Jose Alberto, Salvati, Laura, Starobinsky, Alexei A., Tartari, Andrea, Tasinato, Gianmassimo, Tomasi, Maurizio, Torrado, Jesús, Trappe, Neil, Trombetti, Tiziana, Tucker, Carole, Tucci, Marco, Urrestilla, Jon, van de Weygaert, Rien, Vielva, Patricio, Vittorio, Nicola, and Young, Karl
Abstract: We forecast the scientific capabilities to improve our understanding of cosmic inflation of CORE, a proposed CMB space satellite submitted in response to the ESA fifth call for a medium-size mission opportunity. The CORE satellite will map the CMB anisotropies in temperature and polarization in 19 frequency channels spanning the range 60-600 GHz. CORE will have an aggregate noise sensitivity of $1.7 \mu$K$\cdot \,$arcmin and an angular resolution of 5' at 200 GHz. We explore the impact of telescope size and noise sensitivity on the inflation science return by making forecasts for several instrumental configurations. This study assumes that the lower and higher frequency channels suffice to remove foreground contaminations and complements other related studies of component separation and systematic effects, which will be reported in other papers of the series "Exploring Cosmic Origins with CORE." We forecast the capability to determine key inflationary parameters, to lower the detection limit for the tensor-to-scalar ratio down to the $10^{-3}$ level, to chart the landscape of single field slow-roll inflationary models, to constrain the epoch of reheating, thus connecting inflation to the standard radiation-matter dominated Big Bang era, to reconstruct the primordial power spectrum, to constrain the contribution from isocurvature perturbations to the $10^{-3}$ level, to improve constraints on the cosmic string tension to a level below the presumptive GUT scale, and to improve the current measurements of primordial non-Gaussianities down to the $f_{NL}^{\rm local} < 1$ level. For all the models explored, CORE alone will improve significantly on the present constraints on the physics of inflation. Its capabilities will be further enhanced by combining with complementary future cosmological observations., Comment: Latex 107 pages, revised with updated author list and minor modifications
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Exploring Cosmic Origins with CORE: Cosmological Parameters

Author: Di Valentino, Eleonora, Brinckmann, Thejs, Gerbino, Martina, Poulin, Vivian, Bouchet, François R., Lesgourgues, Julien, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Chluba, Jens, Clesse, Sebastien, Delabrouille, Jacques, Dvorkin, Cora, Forastieri, Francesco, Galli, Silvia, Hooper, Deanna C., Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Martins, Carlos J. A. P., Salvati, Laura, Cabass, Giovanni, Caputo, Andrea, Giusarma, Elena, Hivon, Eric, Natoli, Paolo, Pagano, Luca, Paradiso, Simone, Rubino-Martin, Jose Alberto, Achucarro, Ana, Ade, Peter, Allison, Rupert, Arroja, Frederico, Ashdown, Marc, Ballardini, Mario, Banday, A. J., Banerji, Ranajoy, Bartolo, Nicola, Bartlett, James G., Basak, Soumen, Baselmans, Jochem, Baumann, Daniel, de Bernardis, Paolo, Bersanelli, Marco, Bonaldi, Anna, Bonato, Matteo, Borrill, Julian, Boulanger, François, Bucher, Martin, Burigana, Carlo, Buzzelli, Alessandro, Cai, Zhen-Yi, Calvo, Martino, Carvalho, Carla Sofia, Castellano, Gabriella, Challinor, Anthony, Charles, Ivan, Colantoni, Ivan, Coppolecchia, Alessandro, Crook, Martin, D'Alessandro, Giuseppe, De Petris, Marco, De Zotti, Gianfranco, Diego, Josè Maria, Errard, Josquin, Feeney, Stephen, Fernandez-Cobos, Raul, Ferraro, Simone, Finelli, Fabio, de Gasperis, Giancarlo, Génova-Santos, Ricardo T., González-Nuevo, Joaquin, Grandis, Sebastian, Greenslade, Josh, Hagstotz, Steffen, Hanany, Shaul, Handley, Will, Hazra, Dhiraj K., Hernández-Monteagudo, Carlos, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hills, Matthew, Kiiveri, Kimmo, Kisner, Ted, Kitching, Thomas, Kunz, Martin, Kurki-Suonio, Hannu, Lamagna, Luca, Lasenby, Anthony, Lewis, Antony, Liguori, Michele, Lindholm, Valtteri, Lopez-Caniego, Marcos, Luzzi, Gemma, Maffei, Bruno, Martin, Sylvain, Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique, Masi, Silvia, McCarthy, Darragh, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Mohr, Joseph J., Molinari, Diego, Monfardini, Alessandro, Negrello, Mattia, Notari, Alessio, Paiella, Alessandro, Paoletti, Daniela, Patanchon, Guillaume, Piacentini, Francesco, Piat, Michael, Pisano, Giampaolo, Polastri, Linda, Polenta, Gianluca, Pollo, Agnieszka, Quartin, Miguel, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Roman, Matthieu, Ringeval, Christophe, Tartari, Andrea, Tomasi, Maurizio, Tramonte, Denis, Trappe, Neil, Trombetti, Tiziana, Tucker, Carole, Väliviita, Jussi, van de Weygaert, Rien, Van Tent, Bartjan, Vennin, Vincent, Vermeulen, Gérard, Vielva, Patricio, Vittorio, Nicola, Young, Karl, Zannoni, Mario, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Brinckmann, Thejs, Gerbino, Martina, Poulin, Vivian, Bouchet, François R., Lesgourgues, Julien, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Chluba, Jens, Clesse, Sebastien, Delabrouille, Jacques, Dvorkin, Cora, Forastieri, Francesco, Galli, Silvia, Hooper, Deanna C., Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Martins, Carlos J. A. P., Salvati, Laura, Cabass, Giovanni, Caputo, Andrea, Giusarma, Elena, Hivon, Eric, Natoli, Paolo, Pagano, Luca, Paradiso, Simone, Rubino-Martin, Jose Alberto, Achucarro, Ana, Ade, Peter, Allison, Rupert, Arroja, Frederico, Ashdown, Marc, Ballardini, Mario, Banday, A. J., Banerji, Ranajoy, Bartolo, Nicola, Bartlett, James G., Basak, Soumen, Baselmans, Jochem, Baumann, Daniel, de Bernardis, Paolo, Bersanelli, Marco, Bonaldi, Anna, Bonato, Matteo, Borrill, Julian, Boulanger, François, Bucher, Martin, Burigana, Carlo, Buzzelli, Alessandro, Cai, Zhen-Yi, Calvo, Martino, Carvalho, Carla Sofia, Castellano, Gabriella, Challinor, Anthony, Charles, Ivan, Colantoni, Ivan, Coppolecchia, Alessandro, Crook, Martin, D'Alessandro, Giuseppe, De Petris, Marco, De Zotti, Gianfranco, Diego, Josè Maria, Errard, Josquin, Feeney, Stephen, Fernandez-Cobos, Raul, Ferraro, Simone, Finelli, Fabio, de Gasperis, Giancarlo, Génova-Santos, Ricardo T., González-Nuevo, Joaquin, Grandis, Sebastian, Greenslade, Josh, Hagstotz, Steffen, Hanany, Shaul, Handley, Will, Hazra, Dhiraj K., Hernández-Monteagudo, Carlos, Hervias-Caimapo, Carlos, Hills, Matthew, Kiiveri, Kimmo, Kisner, Ted, Kitching, Thomas, Kunz, Martin, Kurki-Suonio, Hannu, Lamagna, Luca, Lasenby, Anthony, Lewis, Antony, Liguori, Michele, Lindholm, Valtteri, Lopez-Caniego, Marcos, Luzzi, Gemma, Maffei, Bruno, Martin, Sylvain, Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique, Masi, Silvia, McCarthy, Darragh, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Mohr, Joseph J., Molinari, Diego, Monfardini, Alessandro, Negrello, Mattia, Notari, Alessio, Paiella, Alessandro, Paoletti, Daniela, Patanchon, Guillaume, Piacentini, Francesco, Piat, Michael, Pisano, Giampaolo, Polastri, Linda, Polenta, Gianluca, Pollo, Agnieszka, Quartin, Miguel, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Roman, Matthieu, Ringeval, Christophe, Tartari, Andrea, Tomasi, Maurizio, Tramonte, Denis, Trappe, Neil, Trombetti, Tiziana, Tucker, Carole, Väliviita, Jussi, van de Weygaert, Rien, Van Tent, Bartjan, Vennin, Vincent, Vermeulen, Gérard, Vielva, Patricio, Vittorio, Nicola, Young, Karl, and Zannoni, Mario
Abstract: We forecast the main cosmological parameter constraints achievable with the CORE space mission which is dedicated to mapping the polarisation of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). CORE was recently submitted in response to ESA's fifth call for medium-sized mission proposals (M5). Here we report the results from our pre-submission study of the impact of various instrumental options, in particular the telescope size and sensitivity level, and review the great, transformative potential of the mission as proposed. Specifically, we assess the impact on a broad range of fundamental parameters of our Universe as a function of the expected CMB characteristics, with other papers in the series focusing on controlling astrophysical and instrumental residual systematics. In this paper, we assume that only a few central CORE frequency channels are usable for our purpose, all others being devoted to the cleaning of astrophysical contaminants. On the theoretical side, we assume LCDM as our general framework and quantify the improvement provided by CORE over the current constraints from the Planck 2015 release. We also study the joint sensitivity of CORE and of future Baryon Acoustic Oscillation and Large Scale Structure experiments like DESI and Euclid. Specific constraints on the physics of inflation are presented in another paper of the series. In addition to the six parameters of the base LCDM, which describe the matter content of a spatially flat universe with adiabatic and scalar primordial fluctuations from inflation, we derive the precision achievable on parameters like those describing curvature, neutrino physics, extra light relics, primordial helium abundance, dark matter annihilation, recombination physics, variation of fundamental constants, dark energy, modified gravity, reionization and cosmic birefringence. (ABRIDGED), Comment: 90 pages, 25 Figures. Revised version with new authors list and references
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. The effect of osteotomy dimension on osseointegration to resorbable media-treated implants : a study in the sheep

Author: Galli, Silvia, Jimbo, Ryo, Tovar, Nick, Yoo, Daniel, Anchieta, Rodolfo, Yamaguchi, Satoshi, Coelho, Paulo G, Galli, Silvia, Jimbo, Ryo, Tovar, Nick, Yoo, Daniel, Anchieta, Rodolfo, Yamaguchi, Satoshi, and Coelho, Paulo G
Abstract: The drilling technique and the surface characteristics are known to influence the healing times of oral implants. The influence of osteotomy dimension on osseointegration of microroughned implant surfaces treated with resorbable blasting media was tested in an in vivo model.Ninety-six implants (ø4.5 mm, 8 mm in length) with resorbable blasting media-treated surfaces were placed in the ileum of six sheep. The final osteotomy diameters were 4.6mm (reamer), 4.1mm (loose), 3.7mm (medium), and 3.2mm (tight). After three and six weeks healing, the implants were biomechanically tested and histologically evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using Page L trend test for ordered and paired sample and linear regression, with significance level at p < 0.05.An overall increase in all dependent variables was observed with the reduction of osteotomy diameter. In addition, all osseointegration scores increased over time. At three weeks, the retention was significantly higher for smaller osteo- tomies. The histological sections depicted intimate contact of bone with all the implant surfaces and osteoblast lines were visible in all sections.The resorbable blasting media microroughed surfaces achieved successful osseointegration for all the instrumentation procedures tested, with higher osseointegration scores for the high insertion torque group.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Osteoconductive potential of mesoporous titania implant surfaces loaded with magnesium : an experimental study in the rabbit

Author: Galli, Silvia, Naito, Yoshihito, Karlsson, Johan, He, Wenxiao, Andersson, Martin, Wennerberg, Ann, Jimbo, Ryo, Galli, Silvia, Naito, Yoshihito, Karlsson, Johan, He, Wenxiao, Andersson, Martin, Wennerberg, Ann, and Jimbo, Ryo
Abstract: Background: Mesoporous coatings enable incorporation of functional substances and sustainedly release them at the implant site. One bioactive substance that can be incorporated in mesoporous is magnesium, which is strongly involved in bone metabolism and in osteoblast interaction. Purpose: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the effect of incorporation of magnesium into mesoporous coatings of oral implants on early stages of osseointegration. Material and Methods: Titanium implants were coated with thin films of mesoporous TiO2 having pore diameters of 6 nm and were loaded with magnesium. The implant surfaces were extensively characterized by means of interferometry, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy and then placed in the tibiae of 10 rabbits. After 3 weeks of healing, osseointegration was evaluated by means of removal torque testing and histology and histomorphometry. Results: Histological and biomechanical analyses revealed no side effects and successful osseointegration of the implants. The biomechanical evaluation evidenced a significant effect of magnesium doping on strengthening the implant-bone interface. Conclusions: A local release of magnesium from the implant surfaces enhances implant retention at the early stage of healing (3 weeks after implantation), which is highly desirable for early loading of the implant.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Modified protocol of the intraoral welding technique for immediate implant-supported rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla

Author: Marchesi, Marcello, Ferrari, Carla, Superbi, Simone, Jimbo, Ryo, Galli, Silvia, Marchesi, Marcello, Ferrari, Carla, Superbi, Simone, Jimbo, Ryo, and Galli, Silvia
Abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to report the outcomes of a treatment option of immediate loading with intraoral welding on only 4 implants for the restoration of patients with maxillary edentulism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen consecutive patients were rehabilitated with 2 parallel and 2 tilted implants in the maxilla. Immediately after implant placement, angulated abutments were screwed on the implants to create better parallelism among the implants; thereafter, a titanium bar was intraorally welded to the welding pins to create a superstructure that rigidly splinted the implants. A fixed full-arch durable prosthesis was delivered on the same day of the surgery. The patients were followed for 26.5 months on average. RESULTS: During the follow-up time, 2 implants were lost giving an implant survival rate of 97%. Nonetheless, all the prostheses remained in function and the prosthetic success was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla with an immediately loaded full-arch prosthesis, obtained through intraoral welding on only 4 implants, is a functionally and esthetically successful treatment.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. CMB Polarization can constrain cosmology better than CMB temperature

Author: Galli, Silvia, Benabed, Karim, Bouchet, François, Cardoso, Jean-François, Elsner, Franz, Hivon, Eric, Mangilli, Anna, Prunet, Simon, Wandelt, Benjamin, Galli, Silvia, Benabed, Karim, Bouchet, François, Cardoso, Jean-François, Elsner, Franz, Hivon, Eric, Mangilli, Anna, Prunet, Simon, and Wandelt, Benjamin
Abstract: We demonstrate that for a cosmic variance limited experiment, CMB E polarization alone places stronger constraints on cosmological parameters than CMB temperature. For example, we show that EE can constrain parameters better than TT by up to a factor 2.8 when a multipole range of l=30-2500 is considered. We expose the physical effects at play behind this remarkable result and study how it depends on the multipole range included in the analysis. In most relevant cases, TE or EE surpass the TT based cosmological constraints. This result is important as the small scale astrophysical foregrounds are expected to have a much reduced impact on polarization, thus opening the possibility of building cleaner and more stringent constraints of the LCDM model. This is relevant specially for proposed future CMB satellite missions, such as CORE or PRISM, that are designed to be cosmic variance limited in polarization till very large multipoles. We perform the same analysis for a Planck-like experiment, and conclude that even in this case TE alone should determine the constraint on $\Omega_ch^2$ better than TT by 15%, while determining $\Omega_bh^2$, $n_s$ and $\theta$ with comparable accuracy. Finally, we explore a few classical extensions of the LCDM model and show again that CMB polarization alone provides more stringent constraints than CMB temperature in case of a cosmic variance limited experiment., Comment: 14 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Systematic uncertainties in constraining dark matter annihilation from the cosmic microwave background

Author: Galli, Silvia, Slatyer, Tracy R., Valdes, Marcos, Iocco, Fabio, Galli, Silvia, Slatyer, Tracy R., Valdes, Marcos, and Iocco, Fabio
Abstract: Anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) have proven to be a very powerful tool to constrain dark matter annihilation at the epoch of recombination. However, CMB constraints are currently derived using a number of reasonable but yet untested assumptions that could potentially lead to a misestimation of the true bounds (or any reconstructed signal). In this paper we examine the potential impact of these systematic effects. In particular, we separately study the propagation of the secondary particles produced by annihilation in two energy regimes: first following the shower from the initial particle energy to the keV scale, and then tracking the resulting secondary particles from this scale to the absorption of their energy as heat, ionization, or excitation of the medium. We improve both the high- and low-energy parts of the calculation, in particular finding that our more accurate treatment of losses to sub-10.2 eV photons produced by scattering of high-energy electrons weakens the constraints on particular dark matter annihilation models by up to a factor of 2. On the other hand, we find that the uncertainties we examine for the low-energy propagation do not significantly affect the results for current and upcoming CMB data. We include the evaluation of the precise amount of excitation energy, in the form of Lyman-alpha photons, produced by the propagation of the shower, and examine the effects of varying the helium fraction and helium ionization fraction. In the recent literature, simple approximations for the fraction of energy absorbed in different channels have often been used to derive CMB constraints: we assess the impact of using accurate vs approximate energy fractions. Finally we check that the choice of recombination code (between RECFAST V1.5 and COSMOREC), to calculate the evolution of the free electron fraction in the presence of dark matter annihilation, introduces negligible differences., AuthorCount:4;Funding Agencies:Benjamin D. Wandelt's ANR Chaire d'Excellence ANR-10-CEXC-004-01; U.S. National Science Foundation PHY-0907744, AST-0807444; EU J11E099
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. PRISM (Polarized Radiation Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission): An Extended White Paper

Author: PRISM Collaboration, André, Philippe, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Banday, Anthony, Barbosa, Domingos, Barreiro, Belen, Bartlett, James, Bartolo, Nicola, Battistelli, Elia, Battye, Richard, Bendo, George, Benoît, Alain, Bernard, Jean-Philippe, Bersanelli, Marco, Béthermin, Matthieu, Bielewicz, Pawel, Bonaldi, Anna, Bouchet, François, Boulanger, François, Brand, Jan, Bucher, Martin, Burigana, Carlo, Cai, Zhen-Yi, Camus, Philippe, Casas, Francisco, Casasola, Viviana, Castex, Guillaume, Challinor, Anthony, Chluba, Jens, Chon, Gayoung, Colafrancesco, Sergio, Comis, Barbara, Cuttaia, Francesco, D'Alessandro, Giuseppe, Da Silva, Antonio, Davis, Richard, de Avillez, Miguel, de Bernardis, Paolo, de Petris, Marco, de Rosa, Adriano, de Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Désert, François-Xavier, Dickinson, Clive, Diego, Jose Maria, Dunkley, Joanna, Enßlin, Torsten, Errard, Josquin, Falgarone, Edith, Ferreira, Pedro, Ferrière, Katia, Finelli, Fabio, Fletcher, Andrew, Fosalba, Pablo, Fuller, Gary, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, García-Bellido, Juan, Ghribi, Adnan, Giard, Martin, Giraud-Héraud, Yannick, Gonzalez-Nuevo, Joaquin, Grainge, Keith, Gruppuso, Alessandro, Hall, Alex, Hamilton, Jean-Christophe, Haverkorn, Marijke, Hernandez-Monte\-agudo, Carlos, Herranz, Diego, Jackson, Mark, Jaffe, Andrew, Khatri, Rishi, Kunz, Martin, Lamagna, Luca, Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Leahy, Paddy, Lesgourgues, Julien, Liguori, Michele, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lopez-Caniego, Marcos, Macias-Perez, Juan, Maffei, Bruno, Maino, Davide, Mangilli, Anna, Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique, Martins, Carlos, Masi, Silvia, Massardi, Marcella, Matarrese, Sabino, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Mennella, Aniello, Mignano, Arturo, Miville-Deschênes, Marc-Antoine, Monfardini, Alessandro, Murphy, Anthony, Naselsky, Pavel, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Paolo, Negrello, Mattia, Noviello, Fabio, O'Sullivan, Créidhe, Paci, Francesco, Pagano, Luca, Paladino, Rosita, Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie, Paoletti, Daniela, Peiris, Hiranya, Perrotta, Francesca, Piacentini, Francesco, Piat, Michel, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Polenta, Gianluca, Pollo, Agnieszka, Ponthieu, Nicolas, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Ricciardi, Sara, Roman, Matthieu, Rosset, Cyrille, Rubino-Martin, Jose-Alberto, Salatino, Maria, Schillaci, Alessandro, Shellard, Paul, Silk, Joseph, Starobinsky, Alexei, Stompor, Radek, Sunyaev, Rashid, Tartari, Andrea, Terenzi, Luca, Toffolatti, Luigi, Tomasi, Maurizio, Trappe, Neil, Tristram, Matthieu, Trombetti, Tiziana, Tucci, Marco, Van de Weijgaert, Rien, Van Tent, Bartjan, Verde, Licia, Vielva, Patricio, Wandelt, Ben, Watson, Robert, Withington, Stafford, PRISM Collaboration, André, Philippe, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Banday, Anthony, Barbosa, Domingos, Barreiro, Belen, Bartlett, James, Bartolo, Nicola, Battistelli, Elia, Battye, Richard, Bendo, George, Benoît, Alain, Bernard, Jean-Philippe, Bersanelli, Marco, Béthermin, Matthieu, Bielewicz, Pawel, Bonaldi, Anna, Bouchet, François, Boulanger, François, Brand, Jan, Bucher, Martin, Burigana, Carlo, Cai, Zhen-Yi, Camus, Philippe, Casas, Francisco, Casasola, Viviana, Castex, Guillaume, Challinor, Anthony, Chluba, Jens, Chon, Gayoung, Colafrancesco, Sergio, Comis, Barbara, Cuttaia, Francesco, D'Alessandro, Giuseppe, Da Silva, Antonio, Davis, Richard, de Avillez, Miguel, de Bernardis, Paolo, de Petris, Marco, de Rosa, Adriano, de Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Désert, François-Xavier, Dickinson, Clive, Diego, Jose Maria, Dunkley, Joanna, Enßlin, Torsten, Errard, Josquin, Falgarone, Edith, Ferreira, Pedro, Ferrière, Katia, Finelli, Fabio, Fletcher, Andrew, Fosalba, Pablo, Fuller, Gary, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, García-Bellido, Juan, Ghribi, Adnan, Giard, Martin, Giraud-Héraud, Yannick, Gonzalez-Nuevo, Joaquin, Grainge, Keith, Gruppuso, Alessandro, Hall, Alex, Hamilton, Jean-Christophe, Haverkorn, Marijke, Hernandez-Monte\-agudo, Carlos, Herranz, Diego, Jackson, Mark, Jaffe, Andrew, Khatri, Rishi, Kunz, Martin, Lamagna, Luca, Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Leahy, Paddy, Lesgourgues, Julien, Liguori, Michele, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lopez-Caniego, Marcos, Macias-Perez, Juan, Maffei, Bruno, Maino, Davide, Mangilli, Anna, Martinez-Gonzalez, Enrique, Martins, Carlos, Masi, Silvia, Massardi, Marcella, Matarrese, Sabino, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Mennella, Aniello, Mignano, Arturo, Miville-Deschênes, Marc-Antoine, Monfardini, Alessandro, Murphy, Anthony, Naselsky, Pavel, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Paolo, Negrello, Mattia, Noviello, Fabio, O'Sullivan, Créidhe, Paci, Francesco, Pagano, Luca, Paladino, Rosita, Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie, Paoletti, Daniela, Peiris, Hiranya, Perrotta, Francesca, Piacentini, Francesco, Piat, Michel, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Polenta, Gianluca, Pollo, Agnieszka, Ponthieu, Nicolas, Remazeilles, Mathieu, Ricciardi, Sara, Roman, Matthieu, Rosset, Cyrille, Rubino-Martin, Jose-Alberto, Salatino, Maria, Schillaci, Alessandro, Shellard, Paul, Silk, Joseph, Starobinsky, Alexei, Stompor, Radek, Sunyaev, Rashid, Tartari, Andrea, Terenzi, Luca, Toffolatti, Luigi, Tomasi, Maurizio, Trappe, Neil, Tristram, Matthieu, Trombetti, Tiziana, Tucci, Marco, Van de Weijgaert, Rien, Van Tent, Bartjan, Verde, Licia, Vielva, Patricio, Wandelt, Ben, Watson, Robert, and Withington, Stafford
Abstract: PRISM (Polarized Radiation Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) was proposed to ESA in May 2013 as a large-class mission for investigating within the framework of the ESA Cosmic Vision program a set of important scientific questions that require high resolution, high sensitivity, full-sky observations of the sky emission at wavelengths ranging from millimeter-wave to the far-infrared. PRISM's main objective is to explore the distant universe, probing cosmic history from very early times until now as well as the structures, distribution of matter, and velocity flows throughout our Hubble volume. PRISM will survey the full sky in a large number of frequency bands in both intensity and polarization and will measure the absolute spectrum of sky emission more than three orders of magnitude better than COBE FIRAS. The aim of this Extended White Paper is to provide a more detailed overview of the highlights of the new science that will be made possible by PRISM, Comment: Figure 8 replaced by the correct version, affiliations of authors added, and minor changes to match the published JCAP version
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. PRISM (Polarized Radiation Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission): A White Paper on the Ultimate Polarimetric Spectro-Imaging of the Microwave and Far-Infrared Sky

Author: PRISM Collaboration, Andre, Philippe, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barbosa, Domingos, Bartlett, James, Bartolo, Nicola, Battistelli, Elia, Battye, Richard, Bendo, George, Bernard, Jean-Philippe, Bersanelli, Marco, Bethermin, Matthieu, Bielewicz, Pawel, Bonaldi, Anna, Bouchet, Francois, Boulanger, Francois, Brand, Jan, Bucher, Martin, Burigana, Carlo, Cai, Zhen-Yi, Casasola, Viviana, Castex, Guillaume, Challinor, Anthony, Chluba, Jens, Colafrancesco, Sergio, Cuttaia, Francesco, D'Alessandro, Giuseppe, Davis, Richard, de Avillez, Miguel, de Bernardis, Paolo, de Petris, Marco, de Rosa, Adriano, de Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Dickinson, Clive, Diego, Jose Maria, Falgarone, Edith, Ferreira, Pedro, Ferriere, Katia, Finelli, Fabio, Fletcher, Andrew, Fuller, Gary, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Ghribi, Adnan, Gonzalez-Nuevo, Joaquin, Grainge, Keith, Gruppuso, Alessandro, Hall, Alex, Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos, Jackson, Mark, Jaffe, Andrew, Khatri, Rishi, Lamagna, Luca, Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Leahy, Paddy, Liguori, Michele, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lopez-Caniego, Marcos, Macias-Perez, Juan, Maffei, Bruno, Maino, Davide, Masi, Silvia, Mangilli, Anna, Massardi, Marcella, Matarrese, Sabino, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Mennella, Aniello, Mignano, Arturo, Miville-Deschenes, Marc-Antoine, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Paolo, Negrello, Mattia, Noviello, Fabio, Paci, Francesco, Paladino, Rosita, Paoletti, Daniela, Perrotta, Francesca, Piacentini, Francesco, Piat, Michel, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Polenta, Gianluca, Ricciardi, Sara, Roman, Matthieu, Rubino-Martin, Jose-Alberto, Salatino, Maria, Schillaci, Alessandro, Shellard, Paul, Silk, Joseph, Stompor, Radek, Sunyaev, Rashid, Tartari, Andrea, Terenzi, Luca, Toffolatti, Luigi, Tomasi, Maurizio, Trombetti, Tiziana, Tucci, Marco, Van Tent, Bartjan, Verde, Licia, Wandelt, Ben, Withington, Stafford, PRISM Collaboration, Andre, Philippe, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Barbosa, Domingos, Bartlett, James, Bartolo, Nicola, Battistelli, Elia, Battye, Richard, Bendo, George, Bernard, Jean-Philippe, Bersanelli, Marco, Bethermin, Matthieu, Bielewicz, Pawel, Bonaldi, Anna, Bouchet, Francois, Boulanger, Francois, Brand, Jan, Bucher, Martin, Burigana, Carlo, Cai, Zhen-Yi, Casasola, Viviana, Castex, Guillaume, Challinor, Anthony, Chluba, Jens, Colafrancesco, Sergio, Cuttaia, Francesco, D'Alessandro, Giuseppe, Davis, Richard, de Avillez, Miguel, de Bernardis, Paolo, de Petris, Marco, de Rosa, Adriano, de Zotti, Gianfranco, Delabrouille, Jacques, Dickinson, Clive, Diego, Jose Maria, Falgarone, Edith, Ferreira, Pedro, Ferriere, Katia, Finelli, Fabio, Fletcher, Andrew, Fuller, Gary, Galli, Silvia, Ganga, Ken, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Ghribi, Adnan, Gonzalez-Nuevo, Joaquin, Grainge, Keith, Gruppuso, Alessandro, Hall, Alex, Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos, Jackson, Mark, Jaffe, Andrew, Khatri, Rishi, Lamagna, Luca, Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Leahy, Paddy, Liguori, Michele, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Lopez-Caniego, Marcos, Macias-Perez, Juan, Maffei, Bruno, Maino, Davide, Masi, Silvia, Mangilli, Anna, Massardi, Marcella, Matarrese, Sabino, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Melin, Jean-Baptiste, Mennella, Aniello, Mignano, Arturo, Miville-Deschenes, Marc-Antoine, Nati, Federico, Natoli, Paolo, Negrello, Mattia, Noviello, Fabio, Paci, Francesco, Paladino, Rosita, Paoletti, Daniela, Perrotta, Francesca, Piacentini, Francesco, Piat, Michel, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pisano, Giampaolo, Polenta, Gianluca, Ricciardi, Sara, Roman, Matthieu, Rubino-Martin, Jose-Alberto, Salatino, Maria, Schillaci, Alessandro, Shellard, Paul, Silk, Joseph, Stompor, Radek, Sunyaev, Rashid, Tartari, Andrea, Terenzi, Luca, Toffolatti, Luigi, Tomasi, Maurizio, Trombetti, Tiziana, Tucci, Marco, Van Tent, Bartjan, Verde, Licia, Wandelt, Ben, and Withington, Stafford
Abstract: PRISM (Polarized Radiation Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) was proposed to ESA in response to the Call for White Papers for the definition of the L2 and L3 Missions in the ESA Science Programme. PRISM would have two instruments: (1) an imager with a 3.5m mirror (cooled to 4K for high performance in the far-infrared---that is, in the Wien part of the CMB blackbody spectrum), and (2) an Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) somewhat like the COBE FIRAS instrument but over three orders of magnitude more sensitive. Highlights of the new science (beyond the obvious target of B-modes from gravity waves generated during inflation) made possible by these two instruments working in tandem include: (1) the ultimate galaxy cluster survey gathering 10e6 clusters extending to large redshift and measuring their peculiar velocities and temperatures (through the kSZ effect and relativistic corrections to the classic y-distortion spectrum, respectively) (2) a detailed investigation into the nature of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) consisting of at present unresolved dusty high-z galaxies, where most of the star formation in the universe took place, (3) searching for distortions from the perfect CMB blackbody spectrum, which will probe a large number of otherwise inaccessible effects (e.g., energy release through decaying dark matter, the primordial power spectrum on very small scales where measurements today are impossible due to erasure from Silk damping and contamination from non-linear cascading of power from larger length scales). These are but a few of the highlights of the new science that will be made possible with PRISM., Comment: 20 pages Latex
Published: 2013

37. Tickling the CMB damping tail: scrutinizing the tension between the ACT and SPT experiments

Author: Di Valentino, Eleonora, Galli, Silvia, Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Natoli, Paolo, Pagano, Luca, Said, Najla, Di Valentino, Eleonora, Galli, Silvia, Lattanzi, Massimiliano, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Natoli, Paolo, Pagano, Luca, and Said, Najla
Abstract: The Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and the South Pole Telescope (SPT) have recently provided new, very precise measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy damping tail. The values of the cosmological parameters inferred from these measurements, while broadly consistent with the expectations of the standard cosmological model, are providing interesting possible indications for new physics that are definitely worth of investigation. The ACT results, while compatible with the standard expectation of three neutrino families, indicate a level of CMB lensing, parametrized by the lensing amplitude parameter A_L, that is about 70% higher than expected. If not a systematic, this anomalous lensing amplitude could be produced by modifications of general relativity or coupled dark energy. Vice-versa, the SPT experiment, while compatible with a standard level of CMB lensing, prefers an excess of dark radiation, parametrized by the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom N_eff. Here we perform a new analysis of these experiments allowing simultaneous variations in both these, non-standard, parameters. We also combine these experiments, for the first time in the literature, with the recent WMAP9 data, one at a time. Including the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) prior on the Hubble constant and information from baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) surveys provides the following constraints from ACT: N_eff=3.23\pm0.47, A_L=1.65\pm0.33 at 68% c.l., while for SPT we have N_eff=3.76\pm0.34, A_L=0.81\pm0.12 at 68% c.l.. In particular, the A_L estimates from the two experiments, even when a variation in N_eff is allowed, are in tension at more than 95% c.l.., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, v.2. some typos and sentences corrected
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Optimizing Observational Strategy for Future Fgas Constraints

Author: Galli, Silvia, Bartlett, James G., Melchiorri, Alessandro, Galli, Silvia, Bartlett, James G., and Melchiorri, Alessandro
Abstract: The Planck cluster catalog is expected to contain of order a thousand galaxy clusters, both newly discovered and previously known, detected through the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect over the redshift range 0 < z < 1. Follow-up X-ray observations of a dynamically relaxed sub-sample of newly discovered Planck clusters will improve constraints on the dark energy equation-of-state found through measurement of the cluster gas mass fraction fgas. In view of follow-up campaigns with XMM-Newton and Chandra, we determine the optimal redshift distribution of a cluster sample to most tightly constrain the dark energy equation of state. The distribution is non-trivial even for the standard w0-wa parameterization. We then determine how much the combination of expected data from the Planck satellite and fgas data will be able to constrain the dark energy equation-of-state. Our analysis employs a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method as well as a Fisher Matrix analysis. We find that these upcoming data will be able to improve the figure-of-merit by at least a factor two., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. The Fine Structure Constant and the CMB Damping Scale

Author: Menegoni, Eloisa, Archidiacono, Maria, Calabrese, Erminia, Galli, Silvia, Martins, C. J. A. P., Melchiorri, Alessandro, Menegoni, Eloisa, Archidiacono, Maria, Calabrese, Erminia, Galli, Silvia, Martins, C. J. A. P., and Melchiorri, Alessandro
Abstract: The recent measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies at arcminute angular scales performed by the ACT and SPT experiments are probing the damping regime of CMB fluctuations. The analysis of these datasets unexpectedly suggests that the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom is larger than the standard value of Neff = 3.04, and inconsistent with it at more than two standard deviations. In this paper we study the role of a mechanism that could affect the shape of the CMB angular fluctuations at those scales, namely a change in the recombination process through variations in the fine structure constant. We show that the new CMB data significantly improve the previous constraints on variations of {\alpha}, with {\alpha}/{\alpha}0 = 0.984 \pm 0.005, i.e. hinting also to a more than two standard deviation from the current, local, value {\alpha}0. A significant degeneracy is present between {\alpha} and Neff, and when variations in the latter are allowed the constraints on {\alpha} are relaxed and again consistent with the standard value. Deviations of either parameter from their standard values would imply the presence of new, currently unknown physics., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Clusters of galaxies and variation of the fine structure constant

Author: Galli, Silvia and Galli, Silvia
Abstract: We propose a new method to probe for variations in the fine structure constant alpha using clusters of galaxies, opening up a window on a new redshift range for such constraints. Hot clusters shine in the X-ray mainly due to bremsstrahlung, while they leave an imprint on the CMB frequency spectrum through the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. These two physical processes can be characterized by the integrated Comptonization parameter Y_SZ DA^2 and its X-ray counterpart, the Y_X parameter. The ratio of these two quantities is expected to be constant from numerical simulations and current observations. We show that this fact can be exploited to constrain alpha, as the ratio of the two parameters depends on the fine structure constant as alpha^{3.5}. We determine current constraints from a combination of Planck SZ and XMM-Newton data, testing different models of variation of alpha. When fitting for a constant value of alpha, we find that current constraints are at the 1% level, comparable with current CMB constraints. We discuss strategies for further improving these constraints by almost an order of magnitude., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Searching for Dark Matter in the CMB: A Compact Parameterization of Energy Injection from New Physics

Author: Finkbeiner, Douglas P., Galli, Silvia, Lin, Tongyan, Slatyer, Tracy R., Finkbeiner, Douglas P., Galli, Silvia, Lin, Tongyan, and Slatyer, Tracy R.
Abstract: High-precision measurements of the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background radiation have been previously employed to set robust constraints on dark matter annihilation during recombination. In this work we improve and generalize these constraints to apply to energy deposition during the recombination era with arbitrary redshift dependence. Our approach also provides more rigorous and model-independent bounds on dark matter annihilation and decay scenarios. We employ principal component analysis to identify a basis of weighting functions for the energy deposition. The coefficients of these weighting functions parameterize any energy deposition model and can be constrained directly by experiment. For generic energy deposition histories that are currently allowed by WMAP7 data, up to 3 principal component coefficients are measurable by Planck and up to 5 coefficients are measurable by an ideal cosmic variance limited experiment. For WIMP dark matter, our analysis demonstrates that the effect on the CMB is described well by a single (normalization) parameter and a "universal" redshift dependence for the energy deposition history. We give WMAP 7 constraints on both generic energy deposition histories and the universal WIMP case., Comment: 30 pages, 24 figures
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Updated CMB constraints on Dark Matter annihilation cross-sections

Author: Galli, Silvia, Iocco, Fabio, Bertone, Gianfranco, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Galli, Silvia, Iocco, Fabio, Bertone, Gianfranco, and Melchiorri, Alessandro
Abstract: The injection of secondary particles produced by Dark Matter (DM) annihilation at redshift 100
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Varying couplings in the early universe: correlated variations of $\alpha$ and $G$

Author: Martins, C. J. A. P., Menegoni, Eloisa, Galli, Silvia, Mangano, Gianpiero, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Martins, C. J. A. P., Menegoni, Eloisa, Galli, Silvia, Mangano, Gianpiero, and Melchiorri, Alessandro
Abstract: The Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies provide a unique opportunity to constrain simultaneous variations of the fine-structure constant $\alpha$ and Newton's gravitational constant $G$. Those correlated variations are possible in a wide class of theoretical models. In this brief paper we show that the current data, assuming that particle masses are constant, gives no clear indication for such variations, but already prefers that any relative variations in $\alpha$ should be of the same sign of those of $G$ for variations of $\sim 1 %$. We also show that a cosmic complementarity is present with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and that a combination of current CMB and BBN data strongly constraints simultaneous variations in $\alpha$ and $G$. We finally discuss the future bounds achievable by the Planck satellite mission., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures; one author added, now includes discussion of BBN constraints
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Constraining Fundamental Physics with Future CMB Experiments

Author: Galli, Silvia, Martinelli, Matteo, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Pagano, Luca, Sherwin, Blake D., Spergel, David N., Galli, Silvia, Martinelli, Matteo, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Pagano, Luca, Sherwin, Blake D., and Spergel, David N.
Abstract: The Planck experiment will soon provide a very accurate measurement of Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies. This will let cosmologists determine most of the cosmological parameters with unprecedented accuracy. Future experiments will improve and complement the Planck data with better angular resolution and better polarization sensitivity. This unexplored region of the CMB power spectrum contains information on many parameters of interest, including neutrino mass, the number of relativistic particles at recombination, the primordial Helium abundance and the injection of additional ionizing photons by dark matter self-annihilation. We review the imprint of each parameter on the CMB and forecast the constraints achievable by future experiments by performing a Monte Carlo analysis on synthetic realizations of simulated data. We find that next generation satellite missions such as CMBPol could provide valuable constraints with a precision close to that expected in current and near future laboratory experiments. Finally, we discuss the implications of this intersection between cosmology and fundamental physics., Comment: 11 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2010
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. New Constraints on variations of the fine structure constant from CMB anisotropies

Author: Menegoni, Eloisa, Galli, Silvia, Bartlett, James, Martins, Carlos J. A. P., Melchiorri, Alessandro, Menegoni, Eloisa, Galli, Silvia, Bartlett, James, Martins, Carlos J. A. P., and Melchiorri, Alessandro
Abstract: We demonstrate that recent measurements of Cosmic Microwave Background temperature and polarization anisotropy made by the ACBAR, QUAD and BICEP experiments substantially improve the cosmological constraints on possible variations of the fine structure constant in the early universe. This data, combined with the five year observations from the WMAP mission yield the constraint alpha/alpha_0 = 0.987 \pm 0.012 at 68% c.l.. The inclusion of the new HST constraints on the Hubble constant further increases the accuracy to alpha/alpha_0 = 1.001 \pm 0.007 at 68% c.l., bringing possible deviations from the current value below the 1% level and improving previous constraints by a factor 3., Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2009
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. A demonstrator for bolometric interferometry

Author: Ghribi, Adnan, Tartari, Andrea, Galli, Silvia, Piat, Michel, Breelle, Eric, Hamilton, Jean-Christophe, Spinelli, Sebastiano, Gervasi, Massimo, Zannoni, Mario, Ghribi, Adnan, Tartari, Andrea, Galli, Silvia, Piat, Michel, Breelle, Eric, Hamilton, Jean-Christophe, Spinelli, Sebastiano, Gervasi, Massimo, and Zannoni, Mario
Abstract: Bolometric Interferometry (BI) is one of the most promising techniques for precise measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background polarization. In this paper, we present the results of DIBO (Demonstrateur d'Interferometrie Bolometrique), a single-baseline demonstrator operating at 90 GHz, built to proof the validity of the BI concept applied to a millimeter-wave interferometer. This instrument has been characterized in the laboratory with a detector at room temperature and with a 4 K bolometer. This allowed us to measure interference patterns in a clean way, both (1) rotating the source and (2) varying with time the phase shift among the two interferometer's arms. Detailed modelisation has also been performed and validated with measurements., Comment: 15 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2009

47. From Cavendish to PLANCK: Constraining Newton's Gravitational Constant with CMB Temperature and Polarization Anisotropy

Author: Galli, Silvia, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Smoot, George F., Zahn, Oliver, Galli, Silvia, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Smoot, George F., and Zahn, Oliver
Abstract: We present new constraints on cosmic variations of Newton's gravitational constant by making use of the latest CMB data from WMAP, BOOMERANG, CBI and ACBAR experiments and independent constraints coming from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We found that current CMB data provide constraints at the 10% level, that can be improved to 3% by including BBN data. We show that future data expected from the Planck satellite could constrain G at the 1.5% level while an ultimate, cosmic variance limited, CMB experiment could reach a precision of about 0.4%, competitive with current laboratory measurements., Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, corrected typos, added references
Published: 2009
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Delayed Recombination and Standard Rulers

Author: De Bernardis, Francesco, Bean, Rachel, Galli, Silvia, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Silk, Joseph, Verde, Licia, De Bernardis, Francesco, Bean, Rachel, Galli, Silvia, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Silk, Joseph, and Verde, Licia
Abstract: Measurements of Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations in galaxy surveys have been recognized as a powerful tool for constraining dark energy. However, this method relies on the knowledge of the size of the acoustic horizon at recombination derived from Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy measurements. This estimate is typically derived assuming a standard recombination scheme; additional radiation sources can delay recombination altering the cosmic ionization history and the cosmological inferences drawn from CMB and BAO data. In this paper we quantify the effect of delayed recombination on the determination of dark energy parameters from future BAO surveys such as BOSS and WFMOS. We find the impact to be small but still not negligible. In particular, if recombination is non-standard (to a level still allowed by CMB data), but this is ignored, future surveys may incorrectly suggest the presence of a redshift dependent dark energy component. On the other hand, in the case of delayed recombination, adding to the analysis one extra parameter describing deviations from standard recombination, does not significantly degrade the error-bars on dark energy parameters and yields unbiased estimates., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2008
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Delayed Recombination and Cosmic Parameters

Author: Galli, Silvia, Bean, Rachel, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Silk, Joseph, Galli, Silvia, Bean, Rachel, Melchiorri, Alessandro, and Silk, Joseph
Abstract: Current cosmological constraints from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies are typically derived assuming a standard recombination scheme, however additional resonance and ionizing radiation sources can delay recombination, altering the cosmic ionization history and the cosmological inferences drawn from CMB data. We show that for recent observations of CMB anisotropy, from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe satellite mission 5-year survey (WMAP5) and from the ACBAR experiment, additional resonance radiation is nearly degenerate with variations in the spectral index, n_s, and has a marked effect on uncertainties in constraints on the Hubble constant, age of the universe, curvature and the upper bound on the neutrino mass. When a modified recombination scheme is considered, the redshift of recombination is constrained to z_*=1078\pm11, with uncertainties in the measurement weaker by one order of magnitude than those obtained under the assumption of standard recombination while constraints on the shift parameter are shifted by 1-sigma to R=1.734\pm0.028. Although delayed recombination limits the precision of parameter estimation from the WMAP satellite, we demonstrate that this should not be the case for future, smaller angular scales measurements, such as those by the Planck satellite mission., Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2008
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. The origin of the universe as revealed through the polarization of the cosmic microwave background

Author: Dodelson, Scott, Easther, Richard, Hanany, Shaul, McAllister, Liam, Meyer, Stephan, Page, Lyman, Ade, Peter A. R., Amblard, Alexander, Ashoorioon, Amjad, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Balbi, Amedeo, Bartlett, James, Bartolo, Nicola, Baumann, Daniel, Beltran, Maria, Benford, Dominic, Birkinshaw, Mark, Bock, Jamie, Bond, Dick, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, Francois, Bridges, Michael, Bunn, Emory, Calabrese, Erminia, Cantalupo, Christopher, Caramete, Ana, Carbone, Carmelita, Carroll, Sean, Chatterjee, Suchetana, Chen, Xingang, Church, Sarah, Chuss, David, Contaldi, Carlo, Cooray, Asantha, Creminelli, Paolo, Das, Sudeep, de Bernardis, Francesco, de Bernardis, Paolo, Delabrouille, Jacques, Dsert, F. Xavier, Devlin, Mark, Dickinson, Clive, Dicker, Simon, DiPirro, Michael, Dobbs, Matt, Dore, Olivier, Dotson, Jessie, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorklin, Cora, Eriksen, Hans Kristian, Falvella, Maria Christiana, Finley, Dave, Finkbeiner, Douglas, Fixen, Dale, Flauger, Raphael, Fosalba, Pablo, Fowler, Joseph, Galli, Silvia, Gates, Evalyn, Gear, Walter Kieran, Giraud-Heraud, Yannick, Gorski, Krzysztof, Greene, Brian, Gruppuso, Alessandro, Gundersen, Josh, Halpern, Mark, Hirata, Christopher, Hivon, Eric, Holman, Richard, Holmes, Warren, Hu, Wayne, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hui, Howard, Hui, Lam, Irwin, Kent, Jackson, Mark, Jaffe, Andrew, Johnson, Bradley, Johnson, Dean, Jones, William, Kachru, Shamit, Kadota, Kenji, Kaplan, Jean, Kaplinghat, Manoj, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Khoury, Justin, Kinney, Will, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Kodama, Hideo, Kogut, Alan, Komatsu, Eiichiro, Kosowsky, Reijo, Kurki-Suonio, Hannu, Lamarre, Jean-Michel, Landau, Susana, Leach, Samuel, Leblond, Louis, Lee, Adrian, Leitch, Erik, Leonardi, Rodrigo, Lesgourgues, Julien, Liddle, Andrew, Lim, Eugene, Limon, Michele, Loverde, Marilena, Lubin, Philip, Lunghi, Enrico, Lykken, Joseph, MacTavish, Carolyn, Magalhaes, Antonio, Maino, Davide, Martin, Victoria, Matarrese, Sabino, Mather, John, Mathur, Harsh, Matsumura, Tomotake, Meerburg, Pieter, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Mersini-Houghton, Laura, Miller, Amber, Milligan, Michael, Moodley, Kavilan, Neimack, Michael, Nguyen, Hogan, Nicolis, Alberto, O'Dwyer, Ian, Olinto, Angela, Pagano, Luca, Pajer, Enrico, Partridge, Bruce, Pearson, Timothy, Peiris, Hiranya, Peloso, Marco, Piacentini, Francesco, Piat, Michel, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pietrobon, Davide, Pisano, Giampaolo, Pogosian, Levon, Pogosyan, Dmitri, Ponthieu, Nicolas, Popa, Lucia, Pryke, Clement, Raeth, Christoph, Ray, Subharthi, Reichardt, Christian, Ricciardi, Sara, Richards, Paul, Riotto, Antonio, Rocha, Graca, Ruhl, John, Rusholme, Benjamin, Scherrer, Robert, Scoccola, Claudia, Scott, Douglas, Sealfon, Carolyn, Sefusatti, Emiliano, Sehgal, Neelima, Seiffert, Michael, Serra, Paolo, Shandera, Sarah, Shimon, Meir, Shirron, Peter, Sievers, Jonathan, Silk, Joe, Sigurdson, Kris, Silverberg, Robert, Silverstein, Eva, Staggs, Suzanne, Starkman, Glenn, Stebbins, Albert, Stivoli, Frederico, Stompor, Radek, Sugiyama, Naoshi, Swetz, Daniel, Tartari, Andrea, Tegmark, Max, Timbie, Peter, Titov, Maxim, Tristram, Matthieu, Trodden, Mark, Tucker, Gregory, Urrestilla, Jon, Veneziani, Marcella, Verde, Licia, Vieira, Joaquin, Walker, Terry, Wands, David, Watson, Scott, Weinberg, Steven, Weiss, Rainer, Wandelt, Benjamin, Winstein, Bruce, Wollack, Edward, Wyman, Mark, Yadav, Amit, Won Yoon, Ki, Zahn, Olivier, Zaldarriage, Mattias, Zemcov, Michael, Zwart, Jonathan, Dodelson, Scott, Easther, Richard, Hanany, Shaul, McAllister, Liam, Meyer, Stephan, Page, Lyman, Ade, Peter A. R., Amblard, Alexander, Ashoorioon, Amjad, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Balbi, Amedeo, Bartlett, James, Bartolo, Nicola, Baumann, Daniel, Beltran, Maria, Benford, Dominic, Birkinshaw, Mark, Bock, Jamie, Bond, Dick, Borrill, Julian, Bouchet, Francois, Bridges, Michael, Bunn, Emory, Calabrese, Erminia, Cantalupo, Christopher, Caramete, Ana, Carbone, Carmelita, Carroll, Sean, Chatterjee, Suchetana, Chen, Xingang, Church, Sarah, Chuss, David, Contaldi, Carlo, Cooray, Asantha, Creminelli, Paolo, Das, Sudeep, de Bernardis, Francesco, de Bernardis, Paolo, Delabrouille, Jacques, Dsert, F. Xavier, Devlin, Mark, Dickinson, Clive, Dicker, Simon, DiPirro, Michael, Dobbs, Matt, Dore, Olivier, Dotson, Jessie, Dunkley, Joanna, Dvorklin, Cora, Eriksen, Hans Kristian, Falvella, Maria Christiana, Finley, Dave, Finkbeiner, Douglas, Fixen, Dale, Flauger, Raphael, Fosalba, Pablo, Fowler, Joseph, Galli, Silvia, Gates, Evalyn, Gear, Walter Kieran, Giraud-Heraud, Yannick, Gorski, Krzysztof, Greene, Brian, Gruppuso, Alessandro, Gundersen, Josh, Halpern, Mark, Hirata, Christopher, Hivon, Eric, Holman, Richard, Holmes, Warren, Hu, Wayne, Hubmayr, Johannes, Huffenberger, Kevin, Hui, Howard, Hui, Lam, Irwin, Kent, Jackson, Mark, Jaffe, Andrew, Johnson, Bradley, Johnson, Dean, Jones, William, Kachru, Shamit, Kadota, Kenji, Kaplan, Jean, Kaplinghat, Manoj, Keating, Brian, Keskitalo, Reijo, Khoury, Justin, Kinney, Will, Kisner, Theodore, Knox, Lloyd, Kodama, Hideo, Kogut, Alan, Komatsu, Eiichiro, Kosowsky, Reijo, Kurki-Suonio, Hannu, Lamarre, Jean-Michel, Landau, Susana, Leach, Samuel, Leblond, Louis, Lee, Adrian, Leitch, Erik, Leonardi, Rodrigo, Lesgourgues, Julien, Liddle, Andrew, Lim, Eugene, Limon, Michele, Loverde, Marilena, Lubin, Philip, Lunghi, Enrico, Lykken, Joseph, MacTavish, Carolyn, Magalhaes, Antonio, Maino, Davide, Martin, Victoria, Matarrese, Sabino, Mather, John, Mathur, Harsh, Matsumura, Tomotake, Meerburg, Pieter, Melchiorri, Alessandro, Mersini-Houghton, Laura, Miller, Amber, Milligan, Michael, Moodley, Kavilan, Neimack, Michael, Nguyen, Hogan, Nicolis, Alberto, O'Dwyer, Ian, Olinto, Angela, Pagano, Luca, Pajer, Enrico, Partridge, Bruce, Pearson, Timothy, Peiris, Hiranya, Peloso, Marco, Piacentini, Francesco, Piat, Michel, Piccirillo, Lucio, Pierpaoli, Elena, Pietrobon, Davide, Pisano, Giampaolo, Pogosian, Levon, Pogosyan, Dmitri, Ponthieu, Nicolas, Popa, Lucia, Pryke, Clement, Raeth, Christoph, Ray, Subharthi, Reichardt, Christian, Ricciardi, Sara, Richards, Paul, Riotto, Antonio, Rocha, Graca, Ruhl, John, Rusholme, Benjamin, Scherrer, Robert, Scoccola, Claudia, Scott, Douglas, Sealfon, Carolyn, Sefusatti, Emiliano, Sehgal, Neelima, Seiffert, Michael, Serra, Paolo, Shandera, Sarah, Shimon, Meir, Shirron, Peter, Sievers, Jonathan, Silk, Joe, Sigurdson, Kris, Silverberg, Robert, Silverstein, Eva, Staggs, Suzanne, Starkman, Glenn, Stebbins, Albert, Stivoli, Frederico, Stompor, Radek, Sugiyama, Naoshi, Swetz, Daniel, Tartari, Andrea, Tegmark, Max, Timbie, Peter, Titov, Maxim, Tristram, Matthieu, Trodden, Mark, Tucker, Gregory, Urrestilla, Jon, Veneziani, Marcella, Verde, Licia, Vieira, Joaquin, Walker, Terry, Wands, David, Watson, Scott, Weinberg, Steven, Weiss, Rainer, Wandelt, Benjamin, Winstein, Bruce, Wollack, Edward, Wyman, Mark, Yadav, Amit, Won Yoon, Ki, Zahn, Olivier, Zaldarriage, Mattias, Zemcov, Michael, and Zwart, Jonathan
Abstract: Modern cosmology has sharpened questions posed for millennia about the origin of our cosmic habitat. The age-old questions have been transformed into two pressing issues primed for attack in the coming decade: • How did the Universe begin? The current cosmological paradigm successfully explains how the majestic structure observed in the Universe today grew out of small ripples in the density of matter. What is the physical origin of the primordial seeds which are ultimately responsible for the existence of galaxies, stars, planets, and people in the Universe? It is natural to expect (and many theories predict) that whatever produced the density ripples also produced gravity waves – undulations in the fabric of space-time which travel at the speed of light. Does the Universe contain a spectrum of primordial gravity waves produced by the same mechanism which produced the ripples in the density? • What physical laws govern the Universe at the highest energies? All explanations for the seeds of structure rely on physics at energies far beyond those probed by, e.g., CERN’s Large Hadron Collider. Experiments probing these seeds therefore may provide information about new particles, forces, or perhaps even extra dimensions of space that are visible only at the highest energies. The clearest window onto these questions is the pattern of polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), which is uniquely sensitive to primordial gravity waves. A detection of the special pattern produced by gravity waves would be not only an unprecedented discovery, but also a direct probe of physics at the earliest observable instants of our Universe. Experiments which map CMB polarization over the coming decade will lead us on our first steps towards answering these age-old questions.

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Database

Publisher

106 results on '"Galli, Silvia"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources