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Si riporta il caso di una paziente affetta da carcinoma metastatico della mammella HER2-positivo, con recidiva di malattia a livello cerebrale e cerebellare, la quale ottiene un buon controllo mediante l’associazione capecitabina e lapatinib con cui è in trattamento da più di tre anni (Oncology).

Si riporta il caso di una paziente affetta da carcinoma metastatico della mammella HER2-positivo, con recidiva di malattia a livello cerebrale e cerebellare, la quale ottiene un buon controllo mediante l’associazione capecitabina e lapatinib con cui è in trattamento da più di tre anni (Oncology).

La prima parte della lavoro di tesi propone dei nuovi limiti per il prezzo di swaptions europee per modelli affini e quadratici di tasso di interesse. Questi limiti sono calcolabili per tutti i modelli la cui funzione caratteristica congiunta è nota. In particolare, il nostro limite inferiore richiede il calcolo di una transformata di Fourier unidimensionale indipendentemente dalla numero di date di pagamento del contratto swap sottostante. Inoltre, possiamo controllare l'erroe del nostro metodo fornendo un limite superiore al prezzo della swaption che è applicabile a tutti i modelli considerati. Abbiamo verificato i nostri prezzi approssimati, ovvero i limiti inferiori e superiori dei prezzi, per diversi modelli affini e per il modello quadratico Gaussiano. Nella seconda parte della tesi, estendiamo i metodi aprossimati appena descritti al prezzo di swaptions con un modello multi-curva. Nella terza parte, proponiamo un nuovo modello multi-curva, nell'ambito dei modelli di Heath-Jarrow-Morton e che utilizza i processi di Lévy con tempo stocastico. Il nostro obiettivo è ottenere un modello parsimonioso, ma che sia anche abbastanza flessibile da riprodurre le superfici di volatilità delle opzioni su tasso di interesse quotate. Il modello è multi-curva e permette di avere tassi negativi. Per prima cosa, sviluppiamo delle strutture a termine prive di arbitraggio per gli zero coupon bonds e i forward rate agreements. In seguito, valutiamo i derivati su tasso di interesse, come ad esempio caps e swaptions, usando il metodo della trasformata di Fourier. Due differenti costruzioni del processo di Lévy con tempo stocastico son state calibrate su dati reali di mercato e i risultati sono stato esaminati e comparati. Nell'ultima parte, analizziamo le pratiche comunemente utilizzate per valutare i beni e le passività di fondi assicurativi e proponiamo un modello stocastico privo di arbitraggio per tasso di interesse, rischio di credito e rischio di liquidità, che tenga, The first part of the thesis proposes new bounds on the prices of European-style swaptions for affine and quadratic interest rate models. These bounds are computable whenever the joint characteristic function of the state variables is known. In particular, our lower bound involves the computation of a one-dimensional Fourier transform independently of the swap length. In addition, we control the error of our method by providing a new upper bound on swaption price that is applicable to all considered models. We test our bounds on different affine models and on a quadratic Gaussian model. In the second part of the work, we extended the lower and upper bounds to pricing swaption in a multiple-curve framework. In the third part, we propose a novel multiple-curve model, set in the Heath-Jarrow-Morton framework, with time-changed Lévy processes, in order to obtain a parsimonious but also flexible model, which is able to reproduce quoted volatility surface of interest rate options. The model is developed in a multiple-curve post crisis set-up and it allows for negative rates. First, we build arbitrage free term structures for zero coupon bonds and Libor Forward Rate Agreement (FRA) rates. Then, we price interest rate derivatives, as caps and swaptions, using the Fourier transform method. Two choices for the construction of the driving processes are calibrated to market data and results are examined and compared. In the last part, we analyse common practice for determining the fair value of asset and liabilities of insurance funds and we propose an arbitrage free stochastic model for interest rate, credit and liquidity risks, that takes into account the dependences between different issuers. The impact of the common practice against our proposed model is tested for the evaluation of financial options written on with-profit policies issued by European insurance companies.

Si riporta il caso di una paziente affetta da carcinoma metastatico della mammella HER2-positivo, con recidiva di malattia a livello cerebrale e cerebellare, la quale ottiene un buon controllo mediante l’associazione capecitabina e lapatinib con cui è in trattamento da più di tre anni (Oncology).

We propose a new lower bound for pricing European-style swaptions for a wide class of interest rate models. This method is applicable whenever the joint characteristic function of the state variables is either known in closed form or can be obtained numerically via some efficient procedure. Our lower bound involves the computation of a one dimensional Fourier transform independently of the underlying swap length. Finally the bound can be used as a control variate to reduce the confidence interval in the Monte Carlo simulation. We test our bound on different affine models, also allowing for jumps. The lower bound is found to be accurate and computationally efficient.

We propose a new lower bound for pricing European-style swaptions for a wide class of interest rate models. This method is applicable whenever the joint characteristic function of the state variables is either known in closed form or can be obtained numerically via some efficient procedure. Our lower bound involves the computation of a one dimensional Fourier transform independently of the underlying swap length. Finally the bound can be used as a control variate to reduce the confidence interval in the Monte Carlo simulation. We test our bound on different affine models, also allowing for jumps. The lower bound is found to be accurate and computationally efficient.

Raffaella Palumbo,1 Federico Sottotetti,1 Giuseppe Trifirò,2 Elena Piazza,3 Antonella Ferzi,4 Anna Gambaro,3 Elena Giulia Spinapolice,2 Emma Pozzi,1 Barbara Tagliaferri,1 Cristina Teragni,1 Antonio Bernardo1 1Departmental Unit of Oncology, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy; 2Unit of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy; 3Medical Oncology Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy; 4Medical Oncology, Legnano Hospital, Legnano, Italy Background: A prospective, multicenter trial was undertaken to assess the activity, safety, and quality of life of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) as second-line chemotherapy in HER2-negative, taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer (MBC).Patients and methods: Fifty-two women with HER2-negative MBC who were candidates for second-line chemotherapy for the metastatic disease were enrolled and treated at three centers in Northern Italy. All patients had previously received taxane-based chemotherapy in the adjuvant or first-line metastatic setting. Single-agent nab-paclitaxel was given at the dose of 260 mg/m2 as a 30-minute intravenous infusion on day 1 each treatment cycle, which lasted 3 weeks, in the outpatient setting. No steroid or antihistamine premedication was provided. Treatment was stopped for documented disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or patient refusal.Results: All of the enrolled patients were evaluable for the study endpoints. The objective response rate was 48% (95% CI, 31.5%–61.3%) and included complete responses from 13.5%. Disease stabilization was obtained in 19 patients and lasted >6 months in 15 of them; the overall clinical benefit rate was 77%. The median time to response was 70 days (range 52–86 days). The median progression-free survival time was 8.9 months (95% CI, 8.0–11.6 months, range 5–21+ months). The median overall survival point has not yet been reached. Toxicities were expecte