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The objective of this study was to describe country-specific lockdown measures and tuberculosis indicators collected during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on lockdown/social restrictions (compulsory face masks and hand hygiene; international and local travel restrictions; restrictions to family visits, and school closures) were collected from 24 countries spanning five continents. The majority of the countries implemented multiple lockdowns with partial or full reopening. There was an overall decrease in active tuberculosis, drug-resistant tuberculosis, and latent tuberculosis cases. Although national lockdowns were effective in containing COVID-19 cases, several indicators of tuberculosis were affected during the pandemic.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex, multifactorial, progressive retinal disease that affects millions of people worldwide and has become the leading cause of visual impairment in developed countries. The disease etiopathogenesis is not understood fully, although many triggers and processes that lead to dysfunction and degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have already been identified. Thus, the lack of cellular control of oxidative stress, altered proteostasis, dysfunction of lipid homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction form an internal feedback loop that causes the RPE to fail and allows accumulation of abnormal misfolded proteins and abnormal lipids that will form drusen. An inadequate antioxidant response, deficits in autophagy mechanisms, and dysregulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) help to increase the deposition of abnormal drusen material over time. The drusen then act as inflammatory centers that trigger chronic inflammation of the subretinal space in which microglia and recruited macrophages are also involved, and where the complement system is a key component. Choriocapillaris degeneration and nutritional influences are also classic elements recognized in the AMD pathophysiology. The genetic component of the disease is embodied in the recognition of the described risk or protective polymorphisms of some complement and ECM related genes (mainly CFH and ARMS2/HTRA1). Thus, carriers of the risk haplotype at ARMS2/HTRA1 have a higher risk of developing late AMD at a younger age. Finally, gut microbiota and epigenetics may play a role in modulating the progression to advanced AMD with the presence of local inflammatory conditions. Because of multiple implicated processes, different complex combinations of treatments will probably be the best option to obtain the best visual results; they in turn will differ depending on the type and spectrum of disease affecting individual patients or the disease stage in each patient

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that post-TB lung disease (PTLD) causes significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of these clinical standards is to provide guidance on the assessment and management of PTLD and the implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR).METHODS: A panel of global experts in the field of TB care and PR was identified; 62 participated in a Delphi process. A 5-point Likert scale was used to score the initial ideas for standards and after several rounds of revision the document was approved (with 100% agreement).RESULTS: Five clinical standards were defined: Standard 1, to assess patients at the end of TB treatment for PTLD (with adaptation for children and specific settings/situations); Standard 2, to identify patients with PTLD for PR; Standard 3, tailoring the PR programme to patient needs and the local setting; Standard 4, to evaluate the effectiveness of PR; and Standard 5, to conduct education and counselling. Standard 6 addresses public health aspects of PTLD and outcomes due to PR.CONCLUSION: This is the first consensus-based set of Clinical Standards for PTLD. Our aim is to improve patient care and quality of life by guiding clinicians, programme managers and public health officers in planning and implementing adequate measures to assess and manage PTLD.

Joint prostheses are an essential element to improve quality of life. However, prostheses may fail due to several factors, including the most frequent cause, Staphylococcus aureus infection. The identification of new fixing bone cements with less reactivity on bone tissue and an adequate response to infection remains a primary challenge. The aim of this study is to evaluate the response of bone tissue in rabbits after introduction of a hydroxyapatite-coated titanium rod with a commercial fixative cement (Palacos®) compared to a modified experimental cement (EC) containing polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres in the presence or absence of contaminating germs. This study used 20 New Zealand rabbits which were divided into four groups (n = 5) depending on the presence or absence of S. aureus and the use of commercial (Palacos®) or EC. A histological method, based on bone architecture damage, was proposed to evaluate from 1 to 9 the histological results and the response of the infected tissue. The macrophage response was also evaluated using monoclonal antibody RAM-11. The study showed better bone conservation with the use of EC with PLGA microspheres against the Palacos® commercial cement, including the noncontaminated and contaminated groups. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: 00B: 000–000, 2019.

Producción Científica, This work introduces a new kind of semigroup of Np called proportionally modular affine semigroup. These semigroups are defined by modular Diophantine inequalities and they are a generalization of proportionally modular numerical semigroups. We give an algorithm to compute their minimal generating sets. We also specialize on the case p = 2. For this case, we provide a faster algorithm to compute their minimal system of generators, prove they are Cohen-Macaulay and Buchsbaum, and determinate their (minimal) Frobenius vectors. Besides, Gorenstein proportionally modular affine semigroups are characterized., Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad ( grants MTM2014-55367-P / MTM2015-65764- C3-1-P), Junta de Andalucía (FQM-366 / FQM-298)

Producción Científica, This work introduces a new kind of semigroup of Np called proportionally modular affine semigroup. These semigroups are defined by modular Diophantine inequalities and they are a generalization of proportionally modular numerical semigroups. We give an algorithm to compute their minimal generating sets. We also specialize on the case p = 2. For this case, we provide a faster algorithm to compute their minimal system of generators, prove they are Cohen-Macaulay and Buchsbaum, and determinate their (minimal) Frobenius vectors. Besides, Gorenstein proportionally modular affine semigroups are characterized., Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad ( grants MTM2014-55367-P / MTM2015-65764- C3-1-P), Junta de Andalucía (FQM-366 / FQM-298)

Producción Científica, This work introduces a new kind of semigroup of Np called proportionally modular affine semigroup. These semigroups are defined by modular Diophantine inequalities and they are a generalization of proportionally modular numerical semigroups. We give an algorithm to compute their minimal generating sets. We also specialize on the case p = 2. For this case, we provide a faster algorithm to compute their minimal system of generators, prove they are Cohen-Macaulay and Buchsbaum, and determinate their (minimal) Frobenius vectors. Besides, Gorenstein proportionally modular affine semigroups are characterized., Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad ( grants MTM2014-55367-P / MTM2015-65764- C3-1-P), Junta de Andalucía (FQM-366 / FQM-298)

Producción Científica, This work introduces a new kind of semigroup of Np called proportionally modular affine semigroup. These semigroups are defined by modular Diophantine inequalities and they are a generalization of proportionally modular numerical semigroups. We give an algorithm to compute their minimal generating sets. We also specialize on the case p = 2. For this case, we provide a faster algorithm to compute their minimal system of generators, prove they are Cohen-Macaulay and Buchsbaum, and determinate their (minimal) Frobenius vectors. Besides, Gorenstein proportionally modular affine semigroups are characterized., Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad ( grants MTM2014-55367-P / MTM2015-65764- C3-1-P), Junta de Andalucía (FQM-366 / FQM-298)

The incidence increase of infections in patients with hip or knee implants with resistant pathogens (mainly some S. coagulase-negative and gram positive bacteria) demands advanced antibiotic loaded formulations. In this paper, we report the design of new biantibiotic acrylic bone cements for in situ delivery. They include a last generation antibiotic (daptomycin or linezolid) in combination with vancomycin and are performed based on a novel modification of the Palacos R acrylic bone cement, which is based on two components, a liquid (methyl methacrylate) and a solid (polymeric phase). Hence, the solid component of the experimental formulations include 45 wt% of microparticles of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid, 55 wt% of poly(methyl methacrylate) beads and supplements (10 wt-% each) of antibiotics. These formulations provide a selective and excellent control of the local release of antibiotics during a long time period (up to 2 months), avoiding systemic dissemination. The antimicrobial activity of the advanced spacers tested against S. aureus shows that single doses would be enough for the control of the infection. In vitro biocompatibility of cements on human osteoblasts is ensured. This paper is mainly focused on the preparation and characterization of cements and the studies of elution kinetics and bactericidal effects. Developed formulations are proposed as spacers for the treatment of infected arthroplasties, but also, they could be applied in other antibiotic devices to treat relevant bone-related infection diseases.

DeltaSet-sNumericalMonoids is a Mathematica package for computing the Delta sets of numerical semigroups.

Implementation of algorithms to compute the generating set of affine convex body semigroups, Mathematica package ("http://reference.wolfram.com/workbench/index.jsp?topic=/com.wolfram.eclipse.help/html/tasks/applications/packages.html")

Implementation of algorithms to compute the omega primality of finitely generated atomic monoids.

Chemical and magnetic structure modulations in antimony vanadium mixed oxide with composition Sb0.92V1.08O4 prepared in reducing conditions are studied using diffraction techniques, mainly nuclear and magnetic neutron scattering, electron and X-ray powder diffraction. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show possible magnetic order of V3+ magnetic moments that is confirmed with neutron diffraction at TN ~50K. The average commensurate nuclear cell belongs to the tetragonal rutile structural type with cell constants: a=4.6066(11)Å and c=3.0812(8)Å at 60K. However the nature of the magnetic structure is incommensurate with propagation vector k= [0, 0, ± 0.266(1)] related to short range order phenomena and V-Sb alternating occupancy along the crystallographic c-axis.

Este trabajo recoge la experiencia práctica que hemos desarrollado para la utilización de la escritura a mano alzada en las tutorías virtuales en tiempo real. En él se incluye un estudio práctico de diversas alternativas que se han probado, así como la descripción de la técnica que consideramos más útil tras nuestra experiencia., Proyecto de innovación docente "Nuevas tecnologías en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje" (CIE40), concedido por el Vicerrectorado de Tecnologías de la Información e Innovación Docente de la Universidad de Cádiz.

Este trabajo recoge la experiencia práctica que hemos desarrollado para la utilización de la escritura a mano alzada en las tutorías virtuales en tiempo real. En él se incluye un estudio práctico de diversas alternativas que se han probado, así como la descripción de la técnica que consideramos más útil tras nuestra experiencia.

Implementation of algorithms to compute the generating set of affine convex body semigroups

Cattle was absent from America before the discovery. Initially, bovine were brought to Greater Antilles (La Española, Puerto Rico, Jamaica and Cuba islands), and in the course of a few years, they were taken from Caribbean islands to the rest of Latin America. Nowadays, Cuban Creole cattle population is about 1300 heads, mainly located in the eastern region of the island. With the aim of analyzing the maternal origin of Cuban Creole cattle and detect possible contemporaneous, male mediated, gene flow, a 240 pb fragment of mitochondrial D-loop (mtDNA) and five micro- satellites of Y chromosome (BTY) were studied in 36 dams and 21 sires, respectively. Genetic diversity was evaluated through number of haplotypes, mean number of pairwise differences and nucleotide diversity. The phylogenetic analysis was performed using a median joining. A total of 15 mtDNA haplotypes were detected in the studied population (10 from the European haplogroup T3, 3 from the African T1, 1 from the Nearern East T2, and 1 ambiguous T1-T3). The number of polymorphic sites, the mean nucleotide diversity, and the mean number of pairwise differences were 23, 0.014 and 3.36, respectively. Two patrilinages were detected, both belonging to the Y3 Zebu haplogroup. In conclusion, Cuban Creole cattle population had a mtDNA haplotypic composition similar to the observed in Creole and Mediterranean breeds, what is in concordance with its historical origin. Y chromosome analysis evidenced a male mediated process of zebu introgression., Antes de descubrimiento, no existían bovinos en América. Los primeros, fueron introducidos en la Antillas Mayores (La Española, Puerto Rico, Jamaica y Cuba), y desde allí trasladados al resto de Latinoamérica. Actualmente, existen en Cuba alrededor de 1300 bovinos Criollos, concentrados principalmente en la región oriental. Con el objetivo de analizar el origen materno de esta raza y detectar eventos contemporáneos de flujo génico por vía paterna, se analizó un fragmento de 240 pb del D-loop mitocondrial (mtADN) y 5 microsatélites del cromosoma Y (BTY), en 36 hembras y 21 machos respectivamente. La diversidad genética se estimó mediante el número de haplotipos, el número de sitios polimórficos, el número de dife- rencias nucleotídicas entre pares de secuencias y el índice de diversidad nucleotídica, mientras que el análisis filogenético se realizó utilizando el método de median joining network. Dicho análisis permitió detectar 15 haplotipos mitocondriales (10 del haplogrupo europeo T3, 3 del africano T1, 1 del cercano oriente T2 y 1 ambiguo T1-T3) y 3 haplotipos en el BTY, ambos del haplogrupo cebuíno Y3. En el mtADN se detectaron 23 sitios polimórficos con una diversidad nucleotídica de 0,014 y 3,36 dife- rencias medias entre pares de secuencias. En conclusión, la población de bovinos Criollos Cuba- nos presentó una composición haplotípica mitocondrial comparable a la de otras razas crio- llas y mediterráneas, hecho que concuerda con su origen histórico. El BTY evidenció altos niveles de introgresion paterna de genes del zebú.

Cattle was absent from America before the discovery. Initially, bovine were brought to Greater Antilles (La Española, Puerto Rico, Jamaica and Cuba islands), and in the course of a few years, they were taken from Caribbean islands to the rest of Latin America. Nowadays, Cuban Creole cattle population is about 1300 heads, mainly located in the eastern region of the island. With the aim of analyzing the maternal origin of Cuban Creole cattle and detect possible contemporaneous, male mediated, gene flow, a 240 pb fragment of mitochondrial D-loop (mtDNA) and five micro- satellites of Y chromosome (BTY) were studied in 36 dams and 21 sires, respectively. Genetic diversity was evaluated through number of haplotypes, mean number of pairwise differences and nucleotide diversity. The phylogenetic analysis was performed using a median joining. A total of 15 mtDNA haplotypes were detected in the studied population (10 from the European haplogroup T3, 3 from the African T1, 1 from the Nearern East T2, and 1 ambiguous T1-T3). The number of polymorphic sites, the mean nucleotide diversity, and the mean number of pairwise differences were 23, 0.014 and 3.36, respectively. Two patrilinages were detected, both belonging to the Y3 Zebu haplogroup. In conclusion, Cuban Creole cattle population had a mtDNA haplotypic composition similar to the observed in Creole and Mediterranean breeds, what is in concordance with its historical origin. Y chromosome analysis evidenced a male mediated process of zebu introgression., Antes de descubrimiento, no existían bovinos en América. Los primeros, fueron introducidos en la Antillas Mayores (La Española, Puerto Rico, Jamaica y Cuba), y desde allí trasladados al resto de Latinoamérica. Actualmente, existen en Cuba alrededor de 1300 bovinos Criollos, concentrados principalmente en la región oriental. Con el objetivo de analizar el origen materno de esta raza y detectar eventos contemporáneos de flujo génico por vía paterna, se analizó un fragmento de 240 pb del D-loop mitocondrial (mtADN) y 5 microsatélites del cromosoma Y (BTY), en 36 hembras y 21 machos respectivamente. La diversidad genética se estimó mediante el número de haplotipos, el número de sitios polimórficos, el número de dife- rencias nucleotídicas entre pares de secuencias y el índice de diversidad nucleotídica, mientras que el análisis filogenético se realizó utilizando el método de median joining network. Dicho análisis permitió detectar 15 haplotipos mitocondriales (10 del haplogrupo europeo T3, 3 del africano T1, 1 del cercano oriente T2 y 1 ambiguo T1-T3) y 3 haplotipos en el BTY, ambos del haplogrupo cebuíno Y3. En el mtADN se detectaron 23 sitios polimórficos con una diversidad nucleotídica de 0,014 y 3,36 dife- rencias medias entre pares de secuencias. En conclusión, la población de bovinos Criollos Cuba- nos presentó una composición haplotípica mitocondrial comparable a la de otras razas crio- llas y mediterráneas, hecho que concuerda con su origen histórico. El BTY evidenció altos niveles de introgresion paterna de genes del zebú.

• Introduction: We analyze the evolution of smoking in the last 10 years, with the objective of assessing the prevalence of smoking, consumption pattern and presence of factors affecting cigarette consumption. Random sample of 5740 students. An observational descriptive cross-sectional survey in 2001, 2005 and 2009. Decreasing the prevalence of smokers (45.87% smokers men and 36.40% smokers women in 2001 vs. 27.5% and 25.8% in 2009). Descend the percentage of smokers who do not want to stop smoking (20%, 14.2% and 11.3% in 2001, 2005 and 2009). The age of onset of smoking did not vary (14-15 years). Health was the most important argument for smoking cessation in the three groups (p <0.05). Family members who smoke remain elevated (84% in 2001 vs. 80.2% in 2009) (p <0.05). Students who smoked less than 15 cigarettes per day is the most prevalent (74% in 2001, 73.2% in 2005 and 81.1% in 2009). Descend the percentage of students who ever inhaled the smoke (88% in 2001 vs. 75% in 2009) (p <0.05). Smoke, being sick, more than 30% of the sample. When the number of students who do not smoke in prohibited places (85% in 2001 vs. 61.5% in 2009). • Conclusions: Despite the low percentage of young smokers university, the difference in the prevalence of use between men and women has almost equalled in these 10 years, confirming the influence of family environment in the onset of smoking among adolescents., • Introducción: Se analiza la evolución del hábito tabáquico en los últimos 10 años, con el objetivo de valorar la prevalencia de fumadores, patrón de consumo y presencia de factores que influyan en el consumo de cigarrillos. Mediante muestra aleatorizada de 5740 alumnos, se realiza estudio observacional descriptivo transversal mediante encuesta en 2001, 2005 y 2009. Ha disminuido la prevalencia de fumadores (45,87% fumadores y 36,40% fumadoras en 2001 vs 27,5% y 25,8% en 2009). Desciende el porcentaje de fumadores que no quieren dejar de fumar (20%, 14,2% y 11,3% en 2001, 2005 y 2009). La edad de comienzo a fumar no varía (14-15 años). La salud fue el argumento más importante para dejar de fumar en los tres grupos (p<0,05). Los familiares que fuman siguen elevados (84% en 2001, vs. 80,2% en 2009) (p< 0,05). Los alumnos que fuman al día menos de 15 cigarrillos es el más prevalente (74% en 2001, 73,2% en 2005 y 81,1% en 2009). Desciende el porcentaje de alumnos que inhalan siempre el humo (88% en 2001 vs 75% en 2009) (p<0,05). Fuman estando enfermos más de un 30% de la muestra. Desciende el número de alumnos que no fuman en lugares prohibidos (85% en 2001 vs. 61,5 en 2009). • Concluimos que a pesar de haberse reducido el porcentaje de jóvenes fumadores universitarios, la diferencia en la prevalencia del consumo entre hombres y mujeres prácticamente se ha igualado en estos 10 años, confirmando la influencia del entorno familiar en el inicio del hábito tabáquico de los adolescentes.

Protón Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) have shown their usefulness in the treatment of acid-related disorders, highly prevalent in normal population. Pain units are used to treating patients with a wide range of diseases, including acid related-disorders, who are also being prescribed many different drugs, like NSAIDs, corticosteroids or biphosponates, which may reactívate or even worsen acid-related disorders. Knowledge of the pharmacological aspects of PPIs, both their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, is needed to properly choose the one which fits most to our multi-pathologic, multi-treated patients, in order to avoid possible pharmacological interactions than could endanger their health condition., Los inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP) son fármacos útiles para el control de la patología asociada con la acidez gástrica, patología con una alta prevalencia dentro de la población general. En las Unidades de dolor tratamos pacientes con pluripatología y polimedicados, entre ellas patologías asociadas con la acidez gástrica. Así como también utilizamos fármacos como AINES, glucocorticoides, bifosfonatos... que pueden reactivar, empeorar la patología ligada a la acidez. El conocimiento de los aspectos farmacológicos de los IBP, tanto farmacocinéticos como farmacodinámicos, es necesario y preciso para poder elegir el más adecuado para nuestros pacientes con pluripatologia y polimedicados evitando las posibles interacciones farmacológicas que podrían afectar al estado de salud de nuestros pacientes.

Protón Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) have shown their usefulness in the treatment of acid-related disorders, highly prevalent in normal population. Pain units are used to treating patients with a wide range of diseases, including acid related-disorders, who are also being prescribed many different drugs, like NSAIDs, corticosteroids or biphosponates, which may reactívate or even worsen acid-related disorders. Knowledge of the pharmacological aspects of PPIs, both their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, is needed to properly choose the one which fits most to our multi-pathologic, multi-treated patients, in order to avoid possible pharmacological interactions than could endanger their health condition., Los inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP) son fármacos útiles para el control de la patología asociada con la acidez gástrica, patología con una alta prevalencia dentro de la población general. En las Unidades de dolor tratamos pacientes con pluripatología y polimedicados, entre ellas patologías asociadas con la acidez gástrica. Así como también utilizamos fármacos como AINES, glucocorticoides, bifosfonatos... que pueden reactivar, empeorar la patología ligada a la acidez. El conocimiento de los aspectos farmacológicos de los IBP, tanto farmacocinéticos como farmacodinámicos, es necesario y preciso para poder elegir el más adecuado para nuestros pacientes con pluripatologia y polimedicados evitando las posibles interacciones farmacológicas que podrían afectar al estado de salud de nuestros pacientes.

In this paper, a circuit model for the description of left handed transmission lines based on complementary split rings resonators CSRRs is proposed. As compared to previous models, coupling between adjacent resonators is included in the present work. The conditions that make this coupling significant are discussed. Specifically, it will be shown that it is barely present when circular CSRRs are used to implement the left handed transmission line. However, if the line is loaded with rectangular CSRRs separated by a small distance, inter-resonator coupling is important and it significantly influences the electromagnetic behavior of the structures. It will be also shown that under low or moderate coupling, it is possible to describe the structures by means of a simplified model with modified parameters. Several prototype devices with different CSRR topologies and coupling levels have been fabricated to illustrate the phenomenology associated with these structures and the accuracy of their model descriptions. The results of this work can be of interest for the design of planar microwave circuits based on CSRR left handed lines.

In this paper, a circuit model for the description of left handed transmission lines based on complementary split rings resonators CSRRs is proposed. As compared to previous models, coupling between adjacent resonators is included in the present work. The conditions that make this coupling significant are discussed. Specifically, it will be shown that it is barely present when circular CSRRs are used to implement the left handed transmission line. However, if the line is loaded with rectangular CSRRs separated by a small distance, inter-resonator coupling is important and it significantly influences the electromagnetic behavior of the structures. It will be also shown that under low or moderate coupling, it is possible to describe the structures by means of a simplified model with modified parameters. Several prototype devices with different CSRR topologies and coupling levels have been fabricated to illustrate the phenomenology associated with these structures and the accuracy of their model descriptions. The results of this work can be of interest for the design of planar microwave circuits based on CSRR left handed lines.

Sole (Solea senegalensis) is of great interest to marine aquaculture in the Mediterranean because of its relatively fast growth and good commercial prospects (high price). However, the wide mean annual variation in the temperature of Mediterranean sea water (14-26ºC) is a limiting factor for the ongrowing of this species; the optimum for this process is 19-20ºC. One of the possible mid-term solutions for ensuring a constant year-round temperature is to ongrow these fish in tanks containing pumped well water. The present work describes a mathematical model for estimating the values of economic variables associated with sole production (which to date have not been defined at the commercial level) for an onshore ongrowing plant using pumped well water at 19-20ºC. The economic variables studied include optimum load, the sale price of the final product, the cost of juveniles and feed (these last two are influenced by mortality which is still highly variable in this species), and finally the cost of electricity and oxygen (of great importance in onshore plants). The model allows different possible situations to be analysed on the basis of still undefined variables for ongrowing (juvenile cost, feeding, survival, etc.), and establishes under which conditions sole ongrowing would be profitable., El lenguado (Solea senegalensis) es una especie que tiene un gran interés para la acuicultura marina dado su relativo rápido crecimiento y sus grandes posibilidades de comercialización con un alto precio de venta. En el mar Mediterráneo, sin embargo, la gran variación de la temperatura del agua (14-26ºC) parece ser el principal factor limitante para el desarrollo de empresas de engorde de lenguado, ya que la temperatura óptima de esta especie se sitúa en torno a los 19-20ºC. No obstante, uno de los posibles sistemas de engorde que podría llevarse a cabo a medio plazo es el engorde en tanques con bombeo de agua de pozo, que podría garantizar una temperatura constante a lo largo de todo el año. En el presente trabajo se desarrolla un modelo matemático de viabilidad/rentabilidad para una explotación de engorde de lenguado en tanques en tierra bombeando agua de pozo (temperatura de 19-20ºC), con la finalidad de estimar parámetros económicos ligados a la producción, que aún no están definidos a nivel del cultivo comercial del lenguado, tales como la carga óptima de engorde, el precio de venta del producto final, el coste del juvenil y de la dieta, estos dos últimos influidos por la mortalidad que aún puede ser muy variable en esta especie, y, finalmente, el coste de energía y suministro de oxígeno, que es importante en las instalaciones intensivas en tierra. El modelo permite analizar distintas situaciones posibles en función de las variables de cultivo no establecidas actualmente (coste de juveniles

In this paper, a circuit model for the description of left handed transmission lines based on complementary split rings resonators CSRRs is proposed. As compared to previous models, coupling between adjacent resonators is included in the present work. The conditions that make this coupling significant are discussed. Specifically, it will be shown that it is barely present when circular CSRRs are used to implement the left handed transmission line. However, if the line is loaded with rectangular CSRRs separated by a small distance, inter-resonator coupling is important and it significantly influences the electromagnetic behavior of the structures. It will be also shown that under low or moderate coupling, it is possible to describe the structures by means of a simplified model with modified parameters. Several prototype devices with different CSRR topologies and coupling levels have been fabricated to illustrate the phenomenology associated with these structures and the accuracy of their model descriptions. The results of this work can be of interest for the design of planar microwave circuits based on CSRR left handed lines.

In this paper, a circuit model for the description of left handed transmission lines based on complementary split rings resonators CSRRs is proposed. As compared to previous models, coupling between adjacent resonators is included in the present work. The conditions that make this coupling significant are discussed. Specifically, it will be shown that it is barely present when circular CSRRs are used to implement the left handed transmission line. However, if the line is loaded with rectangular CSRRs separated by a small distance, inter-resonator coupling is important and it significantly influences the electromagnetic behavior of the structures. It will be also shown that under low or moderate coupling, it is possible to describe the structures by means of a simplified model with modified parameters. Several prototype devices with different CSRR topologies and coupling levels have been fabricated to illustrate the phenomenology associated with these structures and the accuracy of their model descriptions. The results of this work can be of interest for the design of planar microwave circuits based on CSRR left handed lines.

In this paper, a circuit model for the description of left handed transmission lines based on complementary split rings resonators CSRRs is proposed. As compared to previous models, coupling between adjacent resonators is included in the present work. The conditions that make this coupling significant are discussed. Specifically, it will be shown that it is barely present when circular CSRRs are used to implement the left handed transmission line. However, if the line is loaded with rectangular CSRRs separated by a small distance, inter-resonator coupling is important and it significantly influences the electromagnetic behavior of the structures. It will be also shown that under low or moderate coupling, it is possible to describe the structures by means of a simplified model with modified parameters. Several prototype devices with different CSRR topologies and coupling levels have been fabricated to illustrate the phenomenology associated with these structures and the accuracy of their model descriptions. The results of this work can be of interest for the design of planar microwave circuits based on CSRR left handed lines.

Sole (Solea senegalensis) is of great interest to marine aquaculture in the Mediterranean because of its relatively fast growth and good commercial prospects (high price). However, the wide mean annual variation in the temperature of Mediterranean sea water (14-26ºC) is a limiting factor for the ongrowing of this species; the optimum for this process is 19-20ºC. One of the possible mid-term solutions for ensuring a constant year-round temperature is to ongrow these fish in tanks containing pumped well water. The present work describes a mathematical model for estimating the values of economic variables associated with sole production (which to date have not been defined at the commercial level) for an onshore ongrowing plant using pumped well water at 19-20ºC. The economic variables studied include optimum load, the sale price of the final product, the cost of juveniles and feed (these last two are influenced by mortality which is still highly variable in this species), and finally the cost of electricity and oxygen (of great importance in onshore plants). The model allows different possible situations to be analysed on the basis of still undefined variables for ongrowing (juvenile cost, feeding, survival, etc.), and establishes under which conditions sole ongrowing would be profitable., El lenguado (Solea senegalensis) es una especie que tiene un gran interés para la acuicultura marina dado su relativo rápido crecimiento y sus grandes posibilidades de comercialización con un alto precio de venta. En el mar Mediterráneo, sin embargo, la gran variación de la temperatura del agua (14-26ºC) parece ser el principal factor limitante para el desarrollo de empresas de engorde de lenguado, ya que la temperatura óptima de esta especie se sitúa en torno a los 19-20ºC. No obstante, uno de los posibles sistemas de engorde que podría llevarse a cabo a medio plazo es el engorde en tanques con bombeo de agua de pozo, que podría garantizar una temperatura constante a lo largo de todo el año. En el presente trabajo se desarrolla un modelo matemático de viabilidad/rentabilidad para una explotación de engorde de lenguado en tanques en tierra bombeando agua de pozo (temperatura de 19-20ºC), con la finalidad de estimar parámetros económicos ligados a la producción, que aún no están definidos a nivel del cultivo comercial del lenguado, tales como la carga óptima de engorde, el precio de venta del producto final, el coste del juvenil y de la dieta, estos dos últimos influidos por la mortalidad que aún puede ser muy variable en esta especie, y, finalmente, el coste de energía y suministro de oxígeno, que es importante en las instalaciones intensivas en tierra. El modelo permite analizar distintas situaciones posibles en función de las variables de cultivo no establecidas actualmente (coste de juveniles

In this paper, the behavior at resonance of split ring resonators SRRs and other related topologies, such as the nonbianisotropic SRR and the broadside-coupled SRR, are studied. It is shown that these structures exhibit a fundamental resonant mode the quasistatic resonance and other higher-order modes which are related to dynamic processes. The excitation of these modes by means of a properly polarized time varying magnetic and/or electric fields is discussed on the basis of resonator symmetries. To verify the electromagnetic properties of these resonators, simulations based on resonance excitation by nonuniform and uniform external fields have been performed. Inspection of the currents at resonances, inferred from particle symmetries and full-wave electromagnetic simulations, allows us to predict the first-order dipolar moments induced at the different resonators and to develop a classification of the resonances based on this concept. The experimental data, obtained in SRR-loaded waveguides, are in agreement with the theory and point out the rich phenomenology associated with these planar resonant structures.

In this paper, the behavior at resonance of split ring resonators SRRs and other related topologies, such as the nonbianisotropic SRR and the broadside-coupled SRR, are studied. It is shown that these structures exhibit a fundamental resonant mode the quasistatic resonance and other higher-order modes which are related to dynamic processes. The excitation of these modes by means of a properly polarized time varying magnetic and/or electric fields is discussed on the basis of resonator symmetries. To verify the electromagnetic properties of these resonators, simulations based on resonance excitation by nonuniform and uniform external fields have been performed. Inspection of the currents at resonances, inferred from particle symmetries and full-wave electromagnetic simulations, allows us to predict the first-order dipolar moments induced at the different resonators and to develop a classification of the resonances based on this concept. The experimental data, obtained in SRR-loaded waveguides, are in agreement with the theory and point out the rich phenomenology associated with these planar resonant structures.

In this paper, the behavior at resonance of split ring resonators SRRs and other related topologies, such as the nonbianisotropic SRR and the broadside-coupled SRR, are studied. It is shown that these structures exhibit a fundamental resonant mode the quasistatic resonance and other higher-order modes which are related to dynamic processes. The excitation of these modes by means of a properly polarized time varying magnetic and/or electric fields is discussed on the basis of resonator symmetries. To verify the electromagnetic properties of these resonators, simulations based on resonance excitation by nonuniform and uniform external fields have been performed. Inspection of the currents at resonances, inferred from particle symmetries and full-wave electromagnetic simulations, allows us to predict the first-order dipolar moments induced at the different resonators and to develop a classification of the resonances based on this concept. The experimental data, obtained in SRR-loaded waveguides, are in agreement with the theory and point out the rich phenomenology associated with these planar resonant structures.

In this paper, the behavior at resonance of split ring resonators SRRs and other related topologies, such as the nonbianisotropic SRR and the broadside-coupled SRR, are studied. It is shown that these structures exhibit a fundamental resonant mode the quasistatic resonance and other higher-order modes which are related to dynamic processes. The excitation of these modes by means of a properly polarized time varying magnetic and/or electric fields is discussed on the basis of resonator symmetries. To verify the electromagnetic properties of these resonators, simulations based on resonance excitation by nonuniform and uniform external fields have been performed. Inspection of the currents at resonances, inferred from particle symmetries and full-wave electromagnetic simulations, allows us to predict the first-order dipolar moments induced at the different resonators and to develop a classification of the resonances based on this concept. The experimental data, obtained in SRR-loaded waveguides, are in agreement with the theory and point out the rich phenomenology associated with these planar resonant structures.

In this paper, the behavior at resonance of split ring resonators SRRs and other related topologies, such as the nonbianisotropic SRR and the broadside-coupled SRR, are studied. It is shown that these structures exhibit a fundamental resonant mode the quasistatic resonance and other higher-order modes which are related to dynamic processes. The excitation of these modes by means of a properly polarized time varying magnetic and/or electric fields is discussed on the basis of resonator symmetries. To verify the electromagnetic properties of these resonators, simulations based on resonance excitation by nonuniform and uniform external fields have been performed. Inspection of the currents at resonances, inferred from particle symmetries and full-wave electromagnetic simulations, allows us to predict the first-order dipolar moments induced at the different resonators and to develop a classification of the resonances based on this concept. The experimental data, obtained in SRR-loaded waveguides, are in agreement with the theory and point out the rich phenomenology associated with these planar resonant structures.

El registro de enfermería es parte de la actividad diaria de la enfermera/o y el reflejo del trabajo principal de nuestra profesión, el cuidado del paciente. Creemos que la calidad de los registros de enfermería, es una pieza clave para el cuidado general del enfermo, y por ello, hemos centrado nuestro estudio en una parcela muy concreta de los registros y gráficas de enfermería, como son los orientados al paciente coronario y, en concreto, a los registros referidos al dolor y la tensión arterial, tratados ambos como un todo, debido a la estrecha relación que guardan estos parámetros en el paciente diagnosticado de cardiopatía isquémica. Hemos propuesto fórmulas que han mejorado y actualizado nuestro trabajo de enfermería, basadas en registros gráficos e informáticos, que han permitido disminuir el tiempo invertido en registrar y anotar, en favor de los cuidados directos hacia el paciente.

El registro de enfermería es parte de la actividad diaria de la enfermera/o y el reflejo del trabajo principal de nuestra profesión, el cuidado del paciente. Creemos que la calidad de los registros de enfermería, es una pieza clave para el cuidado general del enfermo, y por ello, hemos centrado nuestro estudio en una parcela muy concreta de los registros y gráficas de enfermería, como son los orientados al paciente coronario y, en concreto, a los registros referidos al dolor y la tensión arterial, tratados ambos como un todo, debido a la estrecha relación que guardan estos parámetros en el paciente diagnosticado de cardiopatía isquémica. Hemos propuesto fórmulas que han mejorado y actualizado nuestro trabajo de enfermería, basadas en registros gráficos e informáticos, que han permitido disminuir el tiempo invertido en registrar y anotar, en favor de los cuidados directos hacia el paciente.

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