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Monitoring the presence of commensal and pathogenic respiratory microorganisms is of critical global importance. However, community-based surveillance is difficult because nasopharyngeal swabs are uncomfortable and painful for a wide age range of participants. We designed a methodology for minimally invasive self-sampling at home and assessed its use for longitudinal monitoring of the oral, nasal and hand microbiota of adults and children within families. Healthy families with two adults and up to three children, living in and near Liverpool, United Kingdom, self-collected saliva, nasal lining fluid using synthetic absorptive matrices and hand swabs at home every two weeks for six months. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic and epidemiological data and assess feasibility and acceptability. Participants were invited to take part in an exit interview. Thirty-three families completed the study. Sampling using our approach was acceptable to 25/33 (76%) families, as sampling was fast (76%), easy (76%) and painless (60%). Saliva and hand sampling was acceptable to all participants of any age, whereas nasal sampling was accepted mostly by adults and children older than 5 years. Multi-niche self-sampling at home can be used by adults and children for longitudinal surveillance of respiratory microorganisms, providing key data for design of future studies.

Данная диссертация анализирует текущую ситуацию в области экстремистских проявлений на религиозной и националистической почве в Кыргызской Республике, и предлагает, разработанные в ходе исследования, рекомендации и предложения по их профилактике., This dissertation analyzes the current situation in the field of extremist manifestations on religious and nationalistic grounds in the Kyrgyz Republic, and offers recommendations and suggestions for their prevention developed in the course of the research.

Данная статья освещает важность Совета старейшин в тюркской культуре. Совет является авторитетным органом в разрешении конфликтов как на религиозной почве, так и националистической. Подобная роль Совета актуальна и действенна в Киргизской Республике, поскольку уважение и почтение к старшим является одним из основополагающих принципов и основой азиатской культуры., This article highlights the importance of the Council of elders in Turkic culture, which is an authoritative body in resolving conflicts on both religious and nationalistic grounds. This role of the Council is relevant and effective in the Kyrgyz Republic, since respect and respect for elders is one of the fundamental principles and the basis of Asian culture.

The demographics and comorbidities of patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) vary enormously but stratified treatment is difficult because aetiological studies have failed to comprehensively identify the pathogens. Our aim was to describe the bacterial microbiota of CAP and relate these to clinical characteristics in order to inform future trials of treatment stratified by co-morbidity. CAP patients were prospectively recruited at two UK hospitals. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify the dominant bacteria in sputum and compositional data analysis to determine associations with patient characteristics. We analysed sputum samples from 77 patients and found a Streptococcus sp. and a Haemophilus sp. were the most relatively abundant pathogens. The Haemophilus sp. was more likely to be dominant in patients with pre-existing lung disease, and its relative abundance was associated with qPCR levels of Haemophilus influenzae. The most abundant Streptococcus sp. was associated with qPCR levels of Streptococcus pneumoniae but dominance could not be predicted from clinical characteristics. These data suggest chronic lung disease influences the microbiota of sputum in patients with CAP. This finding could inform a trial of stratifying empirical CAP antibiotics to target Haemophilus spp. in addition to Streptococcus spp. in those with chronic lung disease.

In article analyzed the interaction between religion and young people, as one of the essential circumstances affecting the safety in terms of globalization of the modern world. Also here examined the problem of the influence of the religious situation at ensuring stability and security in the countries., В статье анализируется взаимодействие религии и молодежи как одно из важнейших обстоятельств, влияющих на безопасность в условиях глобализации современного мира. Также рассматривается проблема влияния религиозной обстановки на обеспечение стабильности и безопасности в странах.

Bioengineering parameters were determined for California halibut in a marine recirculating system under farm-like conditions. California halibut studied ranged in size from 1 to 400 g. Bio-engineering parameters studied were relative swimming velocity; stocking density; oxygen consumption rates; ammonia and urea excretion rates; and feces and uneaten feed settling velocities.California halibut were reared at a relative swimming velocity between 0.5 and 1.5 body length per second (bl/s). It was determined that a velocity up to 1.0 bl/s was adequate to achieve maximum fish growth. Stocking densities between 100 and 300 percent of coverage area (PCA) were tested. It was found that maximum fish growth was maintained at densities up to 200% PCA. Daily average oxygen consumption rates ranged from 0.31 to 1.40 g O2 / g feed, ammonia as N (TAN) excretion rate values ranged from 4.3 to 8.5 mg TAN I g feed, and urea as N (urea-N) excretion rate values ranged from 0.8 to 1.8 mg urea-N / g feed. Settling velocity experiments were performed in a top-loading settling column with solids that were already settled within the raceways. Settling velocities were found to vary among feeds used regardless of fish size. Average settling velocities were 1.7 cm/s for Nippai™ 600, 2.2 cm/s for BioKyowa™ 1000, 4.4 cm/s for BioKyowa™ 2000, 1.7 cm/s for EWOS™ 2, and 2.0 cm/s for EWOS 3. At these settling velocities, between 90 and 98% of suspended solids by mass will settle out in a quiescent zone of a culture tank having an overflow rate less than 0.31 cm/s.The performance of a submerged moving bed biofilter (SMBB) was also studied under farm-like conditions. The biofilter had a hydraulic loading rate of 0.13 m3/m2 d, a maximum volumetric nitrification rate of 61 g/m3 d and a maximum surface nitrification rate of 0.10 g/m2 d. Finally, a Recirculating Pilot System was designed to produce 620 fish at 1000 g mean mass with the use of the bio­engineering data and the SMBB performance gathered in t

В статье анализируется проблема влияния исламских экстремистских группировок на сознание молодежи и вовлечения ими молодых людей в свои ряды. В качестве одного из основных орудий распространения радикального ислама рассматриваются социальные сети., In article analyzed a problem of islamic extremist groups’s influence on the consciousness of youth and their involvement of young people in their ranks. As one of the main instrument of distribution of radical islam considered social networks.

La actividad antiinflamatoria de los cálices secos de Physalis peruviana L. (uchuva), es un hecho conocido en la medicina popular. Este trabajo confirmó, mediante el empleo del modelo biológico murino de inflamación auricular inducida por TPA (13-acetato de 12-tetradecanoilforbol), que dichos órganos vegetales efectivamente presentan esta actividad de manera dosis-dependiente. Empleando metodologías de separación con solventes y técnicas cromatográficas prepararativas, se aislaron 38 fracciones de las cuales la Pp-D38-LF fue la fracción mayoritaria mostrando una elevada actividad antiinflamatoria y considerada la principal responsable de la actividad observada..

Este artículo presenta la aplicación de método de programación lineal en la coordinación de relés de sobrecorriente de tiempo inverso en sistemas enmallados. La metodología de Urdaneta, Nadira y Pérez es aplicada junto con una selección de las corrientes de carga y falla que simplifica el problema.

Este artículo presenta la aplicación del método de programación lineal en la coordinación de relés de sobrecorriente de tiempo inverso en sistemas radiales.

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