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11 results on '"Gul, Pelin"'

1. Masculine honour leads to greater reputational concerns about gender conformity

Author

Gul, Pelin, Uskul, Ayse, and Giner-Sorolla, Roger

Subjects
150, B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion, BF Psychology
Abstract

To date, masculine honour beliefs have been studied in the context of insults, threats and moral transgressions, and almost exclusively linked to aggressive emotions (e.g., anger) and behaviour (e.g., fights, confrontations). Here, it is proposed that masculine honour beliefs can also be associated with subtle, withdrawal-related behaviours, such as reluctance to engaging in feminine tasks and befriend feminine men. Furthermore, based on the theory suggesting that manifest indicators of a culture of masculine honour are expressions of individuals' overactive 'reputation maintenance psychology', I tested whether these subtle behaviours are underpinned by reputation maintenance concerns. Using self-report measures and different cultural samples (UK, Turkey, Saudi Arabia), the studies reported here as a whole provided evidence for the proposed associations and the reputation maintenance account. Studies 1a-b and 2a-b established an association between masculine honour ideals and men's self-presentations using masculine traits, as well as disfavourable judgments of effeminate men. Studies 3a-b and 4 focused on examining a voluntary relationship decision (choosing to associate oneself with a target as friends) to make reputational issues more salient and demonstrated that men who endorse higher levels of masculine honour beliefs were more reluctant to being friends with effeminate men. Study 4 further showed that this was due to high honour-endorsing men's concerns that being associated with an effeminate man who is perceived as lacking coalitional value would damage their own reputation among male friends. Focusing on the issue of men's disinterest in domestic roles such as child care, Studies 5a-b and 6 demonstrated a relationship between masculine honour beliefs and men's negative feelings (shame, frustration) about being a primary caregiver to their own children and revealed that this is due to high honour-endorsing men's concerns of losing reputation among their male friends, but not due to their wives' reduced appreciation of them. Taken together, these findings extend our understanding of individuals socialized with masculine honour norms, and also offer more nuanced explanations of men's anti-effeminacy bias and disinterest in communal roles.

Published
2018

2. Greater traditionalism predicts COVID-19 precautionary behaviors across 27 societies.

Author

Samore, Theodore, Samore, Theodore, Fessler, Daniel MT, Sparks, Adam Maxwell, Holbrook, Colin, Aarøe, Lene, Baeza, Carmen Gloria, Barbato, María Teresa, Barclay, Pat, Berniūnas, Renatas, Contreras-Garduño, Jorge, Costa-Neves, Bernardo, Del Pilar Grazioso, Maria, Elmas, Pınar, Fedor, Peter, Fernandez, Ana Maria, Fernández-Morales, Regina, Garcia-Marques, Leonel, Giraldo-Perez, Paulina, Gul, Pelin, Habacht, Fanny, Hasan, Youssef, Hernandez, Earl John, Jarmakowski, Tomasz, Kamble, Shanmukh, Kameda, Tatsuya, Kim, Bia, Kupfer, Tom R, Kurita, Maho, Li, Norman P, Lu, Junsong, Luberti, Francesca R, Maegli, María Andrée, Mejia, Marinés, Morvinski, Coby, Naito, Aoi, Ng'ang'a, Alice, de Oliveira, Angélica Nascimento, Posner, Daniel N, Prokop, Pavol, Shani, Yaniv, Solorzano, Walter Omar Paniagua, Stieger, Stefan, Suryani, Angela Oktavia, Tan, Lynn KL, Tybur, Joshua M, Viciana, Hugo, Visine, Amandine, Wang, Jin, Wang, Xiao-Tian, Samore, Theodore, Samore, Theodore, Fessler, Daniel MT, Sparks, Adam Maxwell, Holbrook, Colin, Aarøe, Lene, Baeza, Carmen Gloria, Barbato, María Teresa, Barclay, Pat, Berniūnas, Renatas, Contreras-Garduño, Jorge, Costa-Neves, Bernardo, Del Pilar Grazioso, Maria, Elmas, Pınar, Fedor, Peter, Fernandez, Ana Maria, Fernández-Morales, Regina, Garcia-Marques, Leonel, Giraldo-Perez, Paulina, Gul, Pelin, Habacht, Fanny, Hasan, Youssef, Hernandez, Earl John, Jarmakowski, Tomasz, Kamble, Shanmukh, Kameda, Tatsuya, Kim, Bia, Kupfer, Tom R, Kurita, Maho, Li, Norman P, Lu, Junsong, Luberti, Francesca R, Maegli, María Andrée, Mejia, Marinés, Morvinski, Coby, Naito, Aoi, Ng'ang'a, Alice, de Oliveira, Angélica Nascimento, Posner, Daniel N, Prokop, Pavol, Shani, Yaniv, Solorzano, Walter Omar Paniagua, Stieger, Stefan, Suryani, Angela Oktavia, Tan, Lynn KL, Tybur, Joshua M, Viciana, Hugo, Visine, Amandine, Wang, Jin, and Wang, Xiao-Tian

Abstract

People vary both in their embrace of their society's traditions, and in their perception of hazards as salient and necessitating a response. Over evolutionary time, traditions have offered avenues for addressing hazards, plausibly resulting in linkages between orientations toward tradition and orientations toward danger. Emerging research documents connections between traditionalism and threat responsivity, including pathogen-avoidance motivations. Additionally, because hazard-mitigating behaviors can conflict with competing priorities, associations between traditionalism and pathogen avoidance may hinge on contextually contingent tradeoffs. The COVID-19 pandemic provides a real-world test of the posited relationship between traditionalism and hazard avoidance. Across 27 societies (N = 7844), we find that, in a majority of countries, individuals' endorsement of tradition positively correlates with their adherence to costly COVID-19-avoidance behaviors; accounting for some of the conflicts that arise between public health precautions and other objectives further strengthens this evidence that traditionalism is associated with greater attention to hazards.

Published
2023

3. Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves

Author

Pick, Cari M., Ko, Ahra, Kenrick, Douglas T., Wiezel, Adi, Wormley, Alexandra S., Awad, Edmond, Al-Shawaf, Laith, Barry, Oumar, Bereby-Meyer, Yoella, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Brandstätter, Eduard, Ceylan-Batur, Suzan, Choy, Bryan K. C., Crispim, Ana Carla, Cruz, Julio Eduardo, David, Daniel, David, Oana A., Defelipe, Renata Pereira, Elmas, Pinar, Espinosa, Agustín, Fernandez, Ana Maria, Fetvadjiev, Velichko H., Fetvadjieva, Stefka, Fischer, Ronald, Galdi, Silvia, Galindo-Caballero, Oscar Javier, Golovina, Elena V., Golovina, Galina M., Gomez-Jacinto, Luis, Graf, Sylvie, Grossmann, Igor, Gul, Pelin, Halama, Peter, Hamamura, Takeshi, Han, Shihui, Hansson, Lina S., Hitokoto, Hidefumi, Hřebíčková, Martina, Ilic, Darinka, Johnson, Jennifer Lee, Kara-Yakoubian, Mane, Karl, Johannes A., Kim, Jinseok P., Kohút, Michal, Lasselin, Julie, Lee, Hwaryung, Li, Norman P., Mafra, Anthonieta Looman, Malanchuk, Oksana, Moran, Simone, Murata, Asuka, Na, Jinkyung, Ndiaye, Serigne Abdou Lahat, O, Jiaqing, Onyishi, Ike E., Pasay-an, Eddieson, Rizwan, Muhammed, Roth, Eric, Salgado, Sergio, Samoylenko, Elena S., Savchenko, Tatyana N., Sette, Catarina, Sevincer, A. Timur, Skoog, Eric, Stanciu, Adrian, Suh, Eunkook M., Sznycer, Daniel, Talhelm, Thomas, Ugwu, Fabian O., Uskul, Ayse K., Uz, Irem, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Varella, Marco Antonio Correa, Wei, Liuqing, Zambrano, Danilo, Varnum, Michael E. W., Pick, Cari M., Ko, Ahra, Kenrick, Douglas T., Wiezel, Adi, Wormley, Alexandra S., Awad, Edmond, Al-Shawaf, Laith, Barry, Oumar, Bereby-Meyer, Yoella, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Brandstätter, Eduard, Ceylan-Batur, Suzan, Choy, Bryan K. C., Crispim, Ana Carla, Cruz, Julio Eduardo, David, Daniel, David, Oana A., Defelipe, Renata Pereira, Elmas, Pinar, Espinosa, Agustín, Fernandez, Ana Maria, Fetvadjiev, Velichko H., Fetvadjieva, Stefka, Fischer, Ronald, Galdi, Silvia, Galindo-Caballero, Oscar Javier, Golovina, Elena V., Golovina, Galina M., Gomez-Jacinto, Luis, Graf, Sylvie, Grossmann, Igor, Gul, Pelin, Halama, Peter, Hamamura, Takeshi, Han, Shihui, Hansson, Lina S., Hitokoto, Hidefumi, Hřebíčková, Martina, Ilic, Darinka, Johnson, Jennifer Lee, Kara-Yakoubian, Mane, Karl, Johannes A., Kim, Jinseok P., Kohút, Michal, Lasselin, Julie, Lee, Hwaryung, Li, Norman P., Mafra, Anthonieta Looman, Malanchuk, Oksana, Moran, Simone, Murata, Asuka, Na, Jinkyung, Ndiaye, Serigne Abdou Lahat, O, Jiaqing, Onyishi, Ike E., Pasay-an, Eddieson, Rizwan, Muhammed, Roth, Eric, Salgado, Sergio, Samoylenko, Elena S., Savchenko, Tatyana N., Sette, Catarina, Sevincer, A. Timur, Skoog, Eric, Stanciu, Adrian, Suh, Eunkook M., Sznycer, Daniel, Talhelm, Thomas, Ugwu, Fabian O., Uskul, Ayse K., Uz, Irem, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Varella, Marco Antonio Correa, Wei, Liuqing, Zambrano, Danilo, and Varnum, Michael E. W.

Abstract

How does psychology vary across human societies? The fundamental social motives framework adopts an evolutionary approach to capture the broad range of human social goals within a taxonomy of ancestrally recurring threats and opportunities. These motives—self-protection, disease avoidance, affiliation, status, mate acquisition, mate retention, and kin care—are high in fitness relevance and everyday salience, yet understudied cross-culturally. Here, we gathered data on these motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) in two cross-sectional waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered in both waves. Wave 1 was collected from mid-2016 through late 2019 (32 countries, N = 8,998; 3,302 male, 5,585 female; Mage = 24.43, SD = 7.91). Wave 2 was collected from April through November 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic (29 countries, N = 6,917; 2,249 male, 4,218 female; Mage = 28.59, SD = 11.31). These data can be used to assess differences and similarities in people’s fundamental social motives both across and within cultures, at different time points, and in relation to other commonly studied cultural indicators and outcomes.

Published
2022
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4. Family still matters : Human social motivation across 42 countries during a global pandemic

Author

Pick, Cari M., Ko, Ahra, Wormley, Alexandra S., Wiezel, Adi, Kenrick, Douglas T., Al-Shawaf, Laith, Barry, Oumar, Bereby-Meyer, Yoella, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Brandstätter, Eduard, Crispim, Ana Carla, Cruz, Julio Eduardo, David, Daniel, David, Oana A., Defelipe, Renata Pereira, Elmas, Pinar, Espinosa, Agustin, Fernandez, Ana Maria, Fetvadjiev, Velichko H., Fetvadjieva, Stefka, Fischer, Ronald, Galdi, Silvia, Galindo-Caballero, Oscar Javier, Golovina, Galina M., Gomez-Jacinto, Luis, Graf, Sylvie, Grossmann, Igor, Gul, Pelin, Halama, Peter, Hamamura, Takeshi, Hansson, Lina S., Hitokoto, Hidefumi, Hrebickova, Martina, Ilic, Darinka, Johnson, Jennifer Lee, Kara-Yakoubian, Mane, Karl, Johannes A., Kohut, Michal, Lasselin, Julie, Li, Norman P., Mafra, Anthonieta Looman, Malanchuk, Oksana, Moran, Simone, Murata, Asuka, Ndiaye, Serigne Abdou Lahat, O, Jiaqing, Onyishi, Ike E., Pasay-an, Eddieson, Rizwan, Muhammed, Roth, Eric, Salgado, Sergio, Samoylenko, Elena S., Savchenko, Tatyana N., Sevincer, A. Timur, Skoog, Eric, Stanciu, Adrian, Suh, Eunkook M., Sznycer, Daniel, Talhelm, Thomas, Ugwu, Fabian O., Uskul, Ayse K., Uz, Irem, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Varella, Marco Antonio Correa, Zambrano, Danilo, Varnum, Michael E. W., Pick, Cari M., Ko, Ahra, Wormley, Alexandra S., Wiezel, Adi, Kenrick, Douglas T., Al-Shawaf, Laith, Barry, Oumar, Bereby-Meyer, Yoella, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Brandstätter, Eduard, Crispim, Ana Carla, Cruz, Julio Eduardo, David, Daniel, David, Oana A., Defelipe, Renata Pereira, Elmas, Pinar, Espinosa, Agustin, Fernandez, Ana Maria, Fetvadjiev, Velichko H., Fetvadjieva, Stefka, Fischer, Ronald, Galdi, Silvia, Galindo-Caballero, Oscar Javier, Golovina, Galina M., Gomez-Jacinto, Luis, Graf, Sylvie, Grossmann, Igor, Gul, Pelin, Halama, Peter, Hamamura, Takeshi, Hansson, Lina S., Hitokoto, Hidefumi, Hrebickova, Martina, Ilic, Darinka, Johnson, Jennifer Lee, Kara-Yakoubian, Mane, Karl, Johannes A., Kohut, Michal, Lasselin, Julie, Li, Norman P., Mafra, Anthonieta Looman, Malanchuk, Oksana, Moran, Simone, Murata, Asuka, Ndiaye, Serigne Abdou Lahat, O, Jiaqing, Onyishi, Ike E., Pasay-an, Eddieson, Rizwan, Muhammed, Roth, Eric, Salgado, Sergio, Samoylenko, Elena S., Savchenko, Tatyana N., Sevincer, A. Timur, Skoog, Eric, Stanciu, Adrian, Suh, Eunkook M., Sznycer, Daniel, Talhelm, Thomas, Ugwu, Fabian O., Uskul, Ayse K., Uz, Irem, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Varella, Marco Antonio Correa, Zambrano, Danilo, and Varnum, Michael E. W.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic social changes for many people, including separation from friends and coworkers, enforced close contact with family, and reductions in mobility. Here we assess the extent to which people's evolutionarily-relevant basic motivations and goals-fundamental social motives such as Affiliation and Kin Care-might have been affected. To address this question, we gathered data on fundamental social motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) across two waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered both before and during the pandemic (pre-pandemic wave: 32 countries, N = 8998; 3302 male, 5585 female; M-age = 24.43, SD = 7.91; mid-pandemic wave: 29 countries, N = 6917; 2249 male, 4218 female; M-age = 28.59, SD = 11.31). Samples include data collected online (e.g., Prolific, MTurk), at universities, and via community sampling. We found that Disease Avoidance motivation was substantially higher during the pandemic, and that most of the other fundamental social motives showed small, yet significant, differences across waves. Most sensibly, concern with caring for one's children was higher during the pandemic, and concerns with Mate Seeking and Status were lower. Earlier findings showing the prioritization of family motives over mating motives (and even over Disease Avoidance motives) were replicated during the pandemic. Finally, well-being remained positively associated with family-related motives and negatively associated with mating motives during the pandemic, as in the pre-pandemic samples. Our results provide further evidence for the robust primacy of family-related motivations even during this unique disruption of social life.

Published
2022
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5. Is an emphasis on dignity, honor and face more an attribute of individuals or of cultural groups?

Author

Smith, Peter B., Easterbrook, Matthew J., Koc, Yasin, Lun, Vivian Miu-chi, Papastylianou, Dona, Grigoryan, Lusine, Torres, Claudio, Efremova, Maria, Hassan, Bushra, Abbas, Ammar, Ahmad, Abd Halim, Al-bayati, Ahmed, Selim, Heyla A., Anderson, Joel, Cross, Susan E., Delfino, Gisela Isabel, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gul, Pelin, Günsoy, Ceren, Hakobjanyan, Anna, Lay, Siugmin, Lopukhova, Olga, Hu, Ping, Sunar, Diane, Texeira, Maria Luisa Mendes, Tripodi, Doriana, Diaz Rivera, Paola Eunice, Van Osch, Yvette, Yuki, Masaki, Ogusu, Natsuki, Kwantes, Catherine T., Diaz-loving, Rolando, Pérez-floriano, Lorena, Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin, Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit, Smith, Peter B., Easterbrook, Matthew J., Koc, Yasin, Lun, Vivian Miu-chi, Papastylianou, Dona, Grigoryan, Lusine, Torres, Claudio, Efremova, Maria, Hassan, Bushra, Abbas, Ammar, Ahmad, Abd Halim, Al-bayati, Ahmed, Selim, Heyla A., Anderson, Joel, Cross, Susan E., Delfino, Gisela Isabel, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gul, Pelin, Günsoy, Ceren, Hakobjanyan, Anna, Lay, Siugmin, Lopukhova, Olga, Hu, Ping, Sunar, Diane, Texeira, Maria Luisa Mendes, Tripodi, Doriana, Diaz Rivera, Paola Eunice, Van Osch, Yvette, Yuki, Masaki, Ogusu, Natsuki, Kwantes, Catherine T., Diaz-loving, Rolando, Pérez-floriano, Lorena, Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin, and Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit

Abstract

This study compares the individual-level and sample-level predictive utility of a measure of the cultural logics of dignity, honor, and face. University students in 29 samples from 24 nations used a simple measure to rate their perceptions of the interpersonal cultural logic characterizing their local culture. The nomological net of these measures was then explored. Key dependent measures included three different facets of independent versus interdependent self-construal, relevant attitudes and values, reported handling of actual interpersonal conflicts, and responses to normative settings. Multilevel analyses revealed both individual- and sample-level effects but the dignity measure showed more individual-level effects, whereas sample-level effects were relatively more important with the face measure. The implications of this contrast are discussed.

Published
2021

6. The role of moral neutralization of aggression and justification of violence against women in predicting physical teen dating violence perpetration and monitoring among adolescents in Switzerland

Author

Schuster, Isabell; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2156-6308, Tomaszewska, Paulina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1259-1912, Gul, Pelin, Ribeaud, Denis; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1668-8319, Eisner, Manuel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5436-9282, Schuster, Isabell; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2156-6308, Tomaszewska, Paulina; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1259-1912, Gul, Pelin, Ribeaud, Denis; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1668-8319, and Eisner, Manuel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5436-9282

Abstract

Although dating violence poses a serious threat to adolescents' health and well-being around the globe, little evidence is available for Europe in general and Switzerland in particular. Also, evidence on the role of cognitive predictors related to a more general justification of aggressive behavior and gender-based violence is lacking. Therefore, this two-wave longitudinal study conducted with Swiss adolescents (N = 646) examined moral neutralization of aggression and justification of violence against women as predictors of physical dating violence perpetration and monitoring. As expected, higher moral neutralization of aggression predicted a higher likelihood of perpetrating physical dating violence and monitoring among both female and male adolescents. Justification of violence against women was positively associated with physical dating violence perpetration among males, but negatively among females. Also, a negative relationship was found with monitoring among females. The role of gender and implications of these findings for research, practice, and policy are discussed.

Published
2021

7. A large-scale test of the link between intergroup contact and support for social change (vol 4, pg 380, 2020)

Author

Haessler, Tabea, Ullrich, Johannes, Bernardino, Michelle, Shnabel, Nurit, Laar, Colette Van, Valdenegro, Daniel, Sebben, Simone, Tropp, Linda R., Visintin, Emilio Paolo, Gonzalez, Roberto, Ditlmann, Ruth K., Abrams, Dominic, Selvanathan, Hema Preya, Branković, Marija, Wright, Stephen, von Zimmermann, Jorina, Pasek, Michael, Aydin, Anna Lisa, Žeželj, Iris, Pereira, Adrienne, Lantos, Nora Anna, Sainz, Mario, Glenz, Andreas, Oberpfalzerova, Hana, Bilewicz, Michal, Kende, Anna, Kuzawinska, Olga, Otten, Sabine, Maloku, Edona, Noor, Masi, Gul, Pelin, Pistella, Jessica, Baiocco, Roberto, Jelić, Margareta, Osin, Evgeny, Bareket, Orly, Biruski, Dinka Corkalo, Cook, Jonathan E., Dawood, Maneeza, Droogendyk, Lisa, Loyo, Angelica Herrera, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Ugarte, Luiza Mugnol, Haessler, Tabea, Ullrich, Johannes, Bernardino, Michelle, Shnabel, Nurit, Laar, Colette Van, Valdenegro, Daniel, Sebben, Simone, Tropp, Linda R., Visintin, Emilio Paolo, Gonzalez, Roberto, Ditlmann, Ruth K., Abrams, Dominic, Selvanathan, Hema Preya, Branković, Marija, Wright, Stephen, von Zimmermann, Jorina, Pasek, Michael, Aydin, Anna Lisa, Žeželj, Iris, Pereira, Adrienne, Lantos, Nora Anna, Sainz, Mario, Glenz, Andreas, Oberpfalzerova, Hana, Bilewicz, Michal, Kende, Anna, Kuzawinska, Olga, Otten, Sabine, Maloku, Edona, Noor, Masi, Gul, Pelin, Pistella, Jessica, Baiocco, Roberto, Jelić, Margareta, Osin, Evgeny, Bareket, Orly, Biruski, Dinka Corkalo, Cook, Jonathan E., Dawood, Maneeza, Droogendyk, Lisa, Loyo, Angelica Herrera, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, and Ugarte, Luiza Mugnol

Published
2020

8. A large-scale test of the link between intergroup contact and support for social change

Author

Haessler, Tabea, Ullrich, Johannes, Bernardino, Michelle, Shnabel, Nurit, Van Laar, Colette, Valdenegro, Daniel, Sebben, Simone, Tropp, Linda R., Visintin, Emilio Paolo, Gonzalez, Roberto, Ditlmann, Ruth K., Abrams, Dominic, Selvanathan, Hema Preya, Branković, Marija, Wright, Stephen, von Zimmermann, Jorina, Pasek, Michael, Aydin, Anna Lisa, Žeželj, Iris, Pereira, Adrienne, Lantos, Nora Anna, Sainz, Mario, Glenz, Andreas, Oberpfalzerova, Hana, Bilewicz, Michal, Kende, Anna, Kuzawinska, Olga, Otten, Sabine, Maloku, Edona, Noor, Masi, Gul, Pelin, Pistella, Jessica, Baiocco, Roberto, Jelić, Margareta, Osin, Evgeny, Bareket, Orly, Biruski, Dinka Corkalo, Cook, Jonathan E., Dawood, Maneeza, Droogendyk, Lisa, Loyo, Angelica Herrera, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, Ugarte, Luiza Mugnol, Haessler, Tabea, Ullrich, Johannes, Bernardino, Michelle, Shnabel, Nurit, Van Laar, Colette, Valdenegro, Daniel, Sebben, Simone, Tropp, Linda R., Visintin, Emilio Paolo, Gonzalez, Roberto, Ditlmann, Ruth K., Abrams, Dominic, Selvanathan, Hema Preya, Branković, Marija, Wright, Stephen, von Zimmermann, Jorina, Pasek, Michael, Aydin, Anna Lisa, Žeželj, Iris, Pereira, Adrienne, Lantos, Nora Anna, Sainz, Mario, Glenz, Andreas, Oberpfalzerova, Hana, Bilewicz, Michal, Kende, Anna, Kuzawinska, Olga, Otten, Sabine, Maloku, Edona, Noor, Masi, Gul, Pelin, Pistella, Jessica, Baiocco, Roberto, Jelić, Margareta, Osin, Evgeny, Bareket, Orly, Biruski, Dinka Corkalo, Cook, Jonathan E., Dawood, Maneeza, Droogendyk, Lisa, Loyo, Angelica Herrera, Kelmendi, Kaltrina, and Ugarte, Luiza Mugnol

Abstract

Using data from 69 countries, Hassler et al. show that intergroup contact and support for social change towards greater equality are positively associated among members of advantaged groups, but negatively associated among disadvantaged groups. Guided by the early findings of social scientists, practitioners have long advocated for greater contact between groups to reduce prejudice and increase social cohesion. Recent work, however, suggests that intergroup contact can undermine support for social change towards greater equality, especially among disadvantaged group members. Using a large and heterogeneous dataset (12,997 individuals from 69 countries), we demonstrate that intergroup contact and support for social change towards greater equality are positively associated among members of advantaged groups (ethnic majorities and cis-heterosexuals) but negatively associated among disadvantaged groups (ethnic minorities and sexual and gender minorities). Specification-curve analysis revealed important variation in the size-and at times, direction-of correlations, depending on how contact and support for social change were measured. This allowed us to identify one type of support for change-willingness to work in solidarity- that is positively associated with intergroup contact among both advantaged and disadvantaged group members.

Published
2020

9. Sex differences in self-construal and in depressive symptoms: Predictors of cross-national variation

Author

Smith, Peter B., Easterbrook, Matthew J., Al-selim, Heyla, Lun, Vivian Miu Chi, Koc, Yasin, Gul, Pelin, Papastylianou, Dona, Grigoryan, Lusine, Torres, Claudio, Efremova, Maria, Hassan, Bushra, Ahmad, Abd Halim, Al-bayati, Ahmed, Anderson, Joel, Cross, Susan E., Delfino, Gisela Isabel, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gunsoy, Ceren, Hakobjanyan, Anna, Lay, Siugmin, Lopukhova, Olga, Hu, Ping, Sunar, Diane, Texeira, Maria Luisa Mendes, Tripodi, Doriana, Diaz Rivera, Paola Eunice, Van Osch, Yvette, Yuki, Masaki, Abbas, Ammar, Ogusu, Natsuki, Kwantes, Catherine T., Diaz-loving, Rolando, Perez Floriano, Lorena, Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin, Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit, Smith, Peter B., Easterbrook, Matthew J., Al-selim, Heyla, Lun, Vivian Miu Chi, Koc, Yasin, Gul, Pelin, Papastylianou, Dona, Grigoryan, Lusine, Torres, Claudio, Efremova, Maria, Hassan, Bushra, Ahmad, Abd Halim, Al-bayati, Ahmed, Anderson, Joel, Cross, Susan E., Delfino, Gisela Isabel, Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer, Gavreliuc, Alin, Gavreliuc, Dana, Gunsoy, Ceren, Hakobjanyan, Anna, Lay, Siugmin, Lopukhova, Olga, Hu, Ping, Sunar, Diane, Texeira, Maria Luisa Mendes, Tripodi, Doriana, Diaz Rivera, Paola Eunice, Van Osch, Yvette, Yuki, Masaki, Abbas, Ammar, Ogusu, Natsuki, Kwantes, Catherine T., Diaz-loving, Rolando, Perez Floriano, Lorena, Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin, and Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit

Abstract

Sex differences in aspects of independent versus interdependent self-construal and depressive symptoms were surveyed among 5,320 students from 24 nations. Men were found to perceive themselves as more self-contained whereas women perceived themselves as more connected to others. No significant sex differences were found on two further dimensions of self-construal, or on a measure of depressive symptoms. Multilevel modeling was used to test the ability of a series of predictors derived from a social identity perspective and from evolutionary theory to moderate sex differences. Contrary to most prior studies of personality, sex differences in self-construal were larger in samples from nations scoring lower on the Gender Gap Index, and the Human Development Index. Sex differences were also greater in nations with higher pathogen prevalence, higher self-reported religiosity, and in nations with high reported avoidance of settings with strong norms. The findings are discussed in terms of the interrelatedness of self-construals and the cultural contexts in which they are elicited and the distinctiveness of student samples. Keywords: self-construal, gender differences, gender equality, religiosity, independence versus interdependence

Published
2020

10. Cultures of honor

Author

Kitayama, Shinobu, Cohen, Dov, Uskul, Ayse K., Cross, Susan E., Gunsoy, Ceren, Gul, Pelin, Kitayama, Shinobu, Cohen, Dov, Uskul, Ayse K., Cross, Susan E., Gunsoy, Ceren, and Gul, Pelin

Abstract

Cultures of honor developed in contexts in which a person’s livelihood was easily stolen (such as a herd of animals) and the rule of law was weak. In such contexts, men were required to develop a reputation for toughness and willingness to retaliate quickly and aggressively when threatened, so that others would not consider stealing their property. Consequently, cultures of honor have developed ideologies, norms, and practices that reinforce the importance of maintaining social respect through aggressive means if necessary. In this chapter, we first briefly review the initial work by anthropologists, sociologists and historians that described cultures of honor in the Mediterranean region and southern US states. This early work formed the foundation of research by Nisbett, Cohen, and their colleagues, who carefully articulated a psychological theory of how concerns for honor may explain higher rates of aggression and violence in southern US states compared to northern states. We then summarize research on components of honor, behavioral and psychological consequences of honor, and socialization practices that maintain cultures of honor. We finish by discussing possible future directions and methodological considerations in research on cultures of honor. This research has extended the scope of cultural psychology by going beyond the more common east-west comparisons; it has the potential to help explain behavior of groups that have not been widely studied by social psychologists.

Published
2019

11. Relational mobility predicts social behaviors in 39 countries and is tied to historical farming and threat

Author

Thomson, Robert, Yuki, Masaki, Talhelm, Thoma, Schug, Joanna, Kito, Mie, Ayanian, Arin H., Becker, Julia C., Becker, Maja, Chiu, Chi-yue, Choi, Hoon-Seok, Ferreira, Carolina M., Fülöp, Marta, Gul, Pelin, Houghton-Illera, Ana Maria, Joasoo, Mihkel, Jong, Jonathan, Kavanagh, Christopher M., Khutkyy, Dmytro, Manzi, Claudia, Marcinkowska, Urszula M., Milfont, Taciano L., Neto, Félix, Von Oertzen, Timo, Pliskin, Ruthie, Martin, Alvaro San, Singh, Purnima, Visserman, Mariko L., Manzi, Claudia (ORCID:0000-0002-0742-731X), Thomson, Robert, Yuki, Masaki, Talhelm, Thoma, Schug, Joanna, Kito, Mie, Ayanian, Arin H., Becker, Julia C., Becker, Maja, Chiu, Chi-yue, Choi, Hoon-Seok, Ferreira, Carolina M., Fülöp, Marta, Gul, Pelin, Houghton-Illera, Ana Maria, Joasoo, Mihkel, Jong, Jonathan, Kavanagh, Christopher M., Khutkyy, Dmytro, Manzi, Claudia, Marcinkowska, Urszula M., Milfont, Taciano L., Neto, Félix, Von Oertzen, Timo, Pliskin, Ruthie, Martin, Alvaro San, Singh, Purnima, Visserman, Mariko L., and Manzi, Claudia (ORCID:0000-0002-0742-731X)

Abstract

Biologists and social scientists have long tried to understand why some societies have more fluid and open interpersonal relationships and how those differences influence culture. This study measures relational mobility, a socioecological variable quantifying voluntary (high relational mobility) vs. fixed (low relational mobility) interpersonal relationships. We measure relational mobility in 39 societies and test whether it predicts social behavior. People in societies with higher relational mobility report more proactive interpersonal behaviors (e.g., self-disclosure and social support) and psychological tendencies that help them build and retain relationships (e.g., general trust, intimacy, self-esteem). Finally, we explore ecological factors that could explain relational mobility differences across societies. Relational mobility was lower in societies that practiced settled, interdependent subsistence styles, such as rice farming, and in societies that had stronger ecological and historical threats.

Published
2018

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