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This study aimed to find out what cognitive taxa constitute the schema of Top Peer Pressure (TPP) among Junior High School Students (JHSSs), which taxa associated with the JHSSs’ English and school achievement and whether JHSSs’ taxa differ from those of Undergraduate University Students (UUSs). To this end the TPPS was administered to 304 HSSs and their responses were subjected to Principal Axis Factoring and Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. The results showed that six factors representing JHSSs’ cognitive taxa of kingdom, phylum, class, order, family and genus underlie the TPPS. Among them, the taxon of the kingdom was associated significantly with both English language and school achievement, while only the taxon of the family was associated significantly with English language achievement. Contrastive analysis of JHSSs’ cognitive taxa with those of UUSs showed that the UUSs pathologically manipulate the items comprising the schema of TPP not only at its kingdom taxon but also at the taxa of phylum, class and order to justify their low university achievement. The results are discussed and suggestions are made for future research.

The problem in this study is how the humanistic psychology consisting of five aspects of multilevel needs in the main character of the novel Maysuri by Nadjib Kartapati Z. The purpose of this study is to explain the needs of the main character in the novel Maysuri by Nadjib Kartapati Z using Abraham Maslow's theory of humanistic psychology. The method used is descriptive qualitative research method that describes data in the form of observations on the multi-level needs of Maysuri's character. The data collection technique used is reading and note taking. The data analysis technique used is grouping the data, interpreting the data, presenting the analysis description, and concluding the research results. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the humanistic psychological needs of the main character, Maysuri, have been well met, which are as follows 1) Physiological needs, consisting of satisfying the needs for food and water, air, clothing, rest and shelter. 2) Safety needs, consisting of physical safety and psychological safety. 3) Love and affiliation needs, which consist of family affection, partner affection, and community acceptance. 4) Self-esteem needs consist of self-esteem and esteem from others. 5) Self-actualization needs in the form of realizing one's potential as a teacher and family helper.

The development of the Person-Centered Approach was divided into phases that presents the attitudes that are part of therapeutic relationship, regardless of the public served. However, in the specificity of child psychotherapy, the theoretical and practical development of the approach points to the existence of peculiarities. This study aims to present, through narrative literature review, based on Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics, the possible characteristics related to the child therapy, starting from a return to the PCA phases. We discuss the foundations of child therapy in Rogers and Axline's classic perspective, understanding how child play therapy is characterized in non-directive, reflective, experiential and post-Rogerian phases. We discuss contemporary proposals in the European, American, and Brazilian contexts. We conclude that this delimitation enables a clearer perception of changes and improvements amongst to the Rogers and Axline's pioneering work, always having as its axis the relational dimension and the tendency to growth as a motor of the therapeutic process., O desenvolvimento da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa foi dividido em fases que apresentam as atitudes que fazem parte da relação terapêutica, independente do público atendido. Contudo, na especificidade da psicoterapia infantil, o desenvolvimento teórico e prático da própria abordagem aponta para a existência de peculiaridades. Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar, através de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, fundamentada na hermenêutica filosófica de Gadamer, as possíveis características relativas ao atendimento de crianças a partir de um retorno às fases da ACP. Discutimos os fundamentos iniciais do atendimento com crianças em Rogers ena perspectiva clássica de Axline, compreendendo como a ludoterapia com crianças se caracteriza nas fases não-diretiva, reflexiva, experiencial e pós-rogeriana. Discutimos sobre propostas contemporâneas nos contextos europeu, estadunidense e brasileiro. Concluímos que essa delimitação do atendimento infantil possibilita uma percepção mais clara das mudanças e aprimoramentos em relação aos trabalhos pioneiros de Rogers e Axline, sempre tendo como eixo a dimensão relacional e a tendência ao crescimento como motor do processo terapêutico., El desarrollo del Enfoque Centrado en la Persona se dividió en fases que presentan las actitudes de la relación terapéutica, independiente del público. Sin embargo, en la especificidad de la psicoterapia infantil, el desarrollo teórico y práctico del enfoque en sí mismo apunta la existencia de peculiaridades. Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar, a través de una revisión narrativa de la literatura, basado em la hermenéutica filosófica de Gadamer, las posibles características de la psicoterapia con niños, desde el retorno a las fases de ECP. Discutimos los fundamentos de la psicoterapia con niños en Rogers, la perspectiva clásica de Axline, comprendiendo como la terapia de juego com los niños se caracterizan em las fases no directiva, reflexiva, experiencial y pos-rogeriana. Discutimos propuestas contemporáneas en los contextos europeo, estadounidense y brasileño. Concluimos que esta delimitación permite una percepción más clara de los cambios y mejoras en relación con los trabajos pioneros de Rogers y Axline, teniendo siempre como eje la dimensión relacional y la tendencia al crecimiento como motor del proceso terapéutico.

El éxito emprendedor al transformar ideas en realidades parece interesante para cualquier sociedad. La pregunta de investigación es ¿existen cualidades medibles específicas de emprendedores/as de éxito? Crear empresas es un acto creativo, referencia para poner a prueba una medición objetiva de la creatividad. El objetivo de investigación es crear un test capaz de medir cualidades observadas en creadores de empresas. La metodología consiste en aplicar el test a tres grupos (Normal, N=2.126; Emprendedor, N=29 y Multiemprendedor, N=8); analizar resultados; seleccionar dimensiones explicativas de las cualidades detectadas agrupando ítems y comparar bibliografía relacionada. Los resultados confirman diferencias significativas (confiabilidad >95%) a mayor nivel de emprendimiento mayor puntuación (53,27<63,09<74,62). Las 15 cualidades explicativas detectadas son: conversación eficiente, liderazgo, resolución, proactividad, activación, prioridad, realismo, reconocimiento, experiencia oficial, riesgo, tenacidad, interacción, sin rencor, empatía y equilibrio. Al explicar qué mide el test, se opta por el término “creatividad convergente” (materialización de ideas), evitando posibles distorsiones de la palabra “creatividad”., Entrepreneurial success in transforming ideas into realities is important for any society. The research question is whether successful entrepreneurs possess specific measurable qualities. Given that forming new companies is in itself a creative act, the experience should provide data that allow one to test an objective measurement of creativity. Hence, the research goal here is to create a test capable of measuring qualities observed in business creators. The methodology consists of applying the test to three groups (Normal, N = 2.126; Entrepreneur, N = 29, and Multientrepreneur, N = 8), analyzing the results, and selecting explanatory dimensions of the qualities detected by grouping items and comparing related literature. The results confirm significant differences (reliability> 95%) among the test groups; at higher levels of entrepreneurship, there were higher test scores (53.27 <63.09 <74.62). The 15 explanatory qualities detected are: efficient conversation, leadership, resolution, proactivity, activation, priority, realism, recognition, official experience, risk, tenacity, interaction, no rancor, empathy and equilibrium. To explain what the test measures, the term “convergent creativity” (materialization of ideas) is chosen, avoiding possible distortions of the word “creativity”.

The article deals with the history of research on the psychology categories of motivation and self-regulation. The purpose of the article is to analyze motivation and self-regulation studies, as well as identify current and future issues for further research. It is deemed relevant due to the need to identify the issues of concern in studying motivation and self-regulation within current and future research. The novelty consists of the comprehensive review and analysis of all successive stages of motivation and self-regulation studies, based on which we formed the vectors of development and prospects of research in this field in the future. © 2020 Institute for Leadership and Organization Effectiveness. All rights reserved.

In this study we try to understand and analyze, from the perspective of pregnant patients admitted to a teaching hospital in the city of Cuiabá-MT, how these women realize the relations established with a multi professional health care team. Eleven focused interviews were conducted, with the adoption of facilitative conditions from unconditional positive regard, congruence, and empathic understanding, with patients who were hospitalized during the second half of 2015. This provided the theoretical and methodological tools based on creating a facilitative climate, with the fundamentals of the Person Centered Approach, which allowed us to explore the self understanding experiences with an affective or emotional importance. Data processing was performed by ALCESTE software, analysis used the classes presented by the software as well as theoretical discussions on interpersonal helping relations. The study highlighted the attention to: communication procedures; the willingness to emotional care where they consider the person as the center rather than the technics; the importance for personal insights and implications of these in the hospitalization process. Accomplish such care can contribute to the development of relationships that facilitate the process of hospitalization., Nesse estudo procuramos conhecer e analisar, na perspectiva das pacientes gestantes internadas em um hospital de ensino na cidade de Cuiabá-MT, como essas significam as relações estabelecidas com a equipe multiprofissional. Foram realizadas 11 entrevistas focalizadas, com adoção de atitudes facilitadoras de consideração positiva incondicional, congruência e compreensão empática, com pacientes que estiveram hospitalizadas durante o segundo semestre de 2015. Esse procedimento forneceu o instrumental teórico-metodológico baseado na criação de um clima facilitador, a partir dos fundamentos da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa, o que permitiu explorar as significações pessoais das experiências com um acento afetivo ou emocional. O processamento ocorreu pelo software ALCESTE, análise pelo estudo das Classes apresentadas pelo software e discussões teóricas sobre as relações interpessoais de ajuda. O estudo destacou a atenção para: a comunicação dos procedimentos; a disposição para cuidados afetivos em que consideram a pessoa como centro em detrimento às técnicas; a importância para as significações pessoais, e as implicações das significações pessoais no processo de hospitalização. Exercer essa atenção pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de relacionamentos que facilitem o processo de hospitalização., En este estudio tratamos de entender y analizar, desde la perspectiva de los pacientes embarazadas ingresados en un hospital universitario en la ciudad de Cuiabá-MT, ya que éstas significan las relaciones establecidas con un equipo multiprofesional. Llevamos a cabo 11 entrevistas focalizadas con la adopción de actitudes facilitadoras de consideración positiva incondicional, congruencia y la comprensión empática, con los pacientes que fueron hospitalizados durante la segunda mitad del año 2015. Este procedimiento proporciona el instrumental teórico-metodológico basadas en la creación de un clima facilitador, a partir de los fundamentos del Enfoque Centrado en la Persona, que nos permitió explorar las significaciones de las experiencias personales con un esfuerzo afectivo o emocional. Procesamiento ocurrió por el software ALCESTE, análisis en el estudio de las Clases presentada por el software y discusiones teóricas sobre las relaciones interpersonales de ayuda. El estudio puso de relieve la atención: comunicación de los procedimientos; la disposición a el cuidado afectivo cuando consideren a la persona como el centro en detrimento a las técnicas; la importancia para los significados personales e la implicaciones del significados personales en el proceso de hospitalización. El ejercicio dicha atención puede contribuir al desarrollo de las relaciones que facilitan el proceso de la hospitalización.

This text proposes to present the main concepts of the thought of the Argentine philosopher Gunther Rodolfo Kusch and to demonstrate how they can be useful for the construction of a Phenomenological-Existential and/ or Humanist Psychology for the Latin American context. For that, the text briefly introduces the author's thought and, starting from his main concepts: mere-being, being and stay-being, demonstrates how they can be useful for thinking about the psychology in our context, especially that is dedicated to serving marginalized populations., Esse texto propõe apresentar os principais conceitos do pensamento do filósofo argentino Gunther Rodolfo Kusch e demonstrar de que modo esses podem ser úteis para a construção de uma Psicologia Fenomenológico-Existencial e/ou Humanista para o contexto latino-americano. Para tanto o texto faz uma breve introdução do pensamento do autor e, partindo de seus principais conceitos: mero-estar, ser e estar-sendo, demonstra de que forma esses podem ser úteis para pensar a psicologia em nosso contexto, principalmente a que se dedica ao atendimento às populações marginalizadas., Este texto se propone a presentar los principales conceptos del pensamiento del filósofo argentino Gunther Rodolfo Kusch y demostrar de qué modo estos pueden ser útiles para la construcción de una Psicología Fenomenológico-Existencial y/o Humanista para el contexto latinoamericano. Para ello el texto hace una breve introducción del pensamiento del autor y, partiendo de sus principales conceptos: mero-estar, ser y estar-siendo, demuestra de qué forma estos pueden ser útiles para pensar la psicología en nuestro contexto, principalmente a la que se dedica a la atención a las poblaciones marginalizadas.

Экспликация и анализ теоретического ядра гуманистической психологии А. Маслоу с помощью предложенной Ц. Тодоровым концептуально-аксиологической реконструкции просвещенческого гуманизма позволяет выявить слабые места сциентистского морализма, инспирировавшего культ аутентичной самореализации., The analysis of the theoretical core of A. Maslow’s humanistic psychology by means of the conceptual and axiological framework of the Enlightenment humanism, reconstructed by T. Todorov, demonstrates flaws of the scientistic moralism, which inspired the cult of authentic self-realization.

Introducción: La Psicología Humanística fue el resultado de un proceso generado a partir del primer encuentro nacional, celebrado en 1962, de la Americam Association for Humanistic Psycology (AAHP) organizado por Abraham Maslow, entre otros. Esta denominación, la de Psicología Humanista, fue el producto de una acalorada polémica que barajó nombres muy diversos. Objetivo: Establecer una relación clara entre las bases teóricas de la Psicología Humanística y las propuestas por la Enfermería. Método: Se realizó un “examen exhaustivo” de cada una de las teorías que definen las diferentes corrientes del pensamiento. Resultados: Pero, ¿ha contribuido históricamente al desarrollo de las profesiones de las Ciencias de la Salud tales como la Medicina o la Enfermería? Desde los primeros momentos, la conformación del cuerpo teórico de la Enfermería, se apoyó en los postulados establecidos por Maslow, Dorsch y Rulla. El concepto de la necesidad humana básica al unirse con los modelos teóricos de Orem, Watson, King, Abdellah, Henderson, Levine, Roy y Gordon identificó una serie de necesidades claramente definidas. Vera Fry va más allá, estableciendo el concepto de diagnóstico enfermero, fijando cinco áreas de necesidades que permiten enunciar el diagnóstico., Introduction: The Humanistic Psychology was the result of a process generated from the first national meeting, celebrated in 1962, of the American Association for Humanistic Psychology (AAHP) organized by Abraham Maslow, among others. This denomination, the one of Humanist Psychology, was the product of a heated controversy that shuffled very diverse names. Objective: Establish a clear relationship between the theoretical bases of Humanistic Psychology and those proposed by Nursing. Method: There was a "thorough examination" of each of the theories that define the different currents of thought. Results: But Has it historically contributed to the development of health science professions such as medicine or nursing? From the first moments, the conformation of the theoretical body of the Nursing, relied on the postulates established by Maslow, Dorsch and Rulla. The concept of basic human need in uniting with the theoretical models of Orem, Watson, King, Abdellah, Henderson, Levine, Roy, and Gordon identified a series of clearly defined needs. Vera Fry goes further, establishing the concept of nursing diagnosis, setting five areas of needs that allow to state the diagnosis., Introdução: A Psicologia Humanista foi o resultado de um processo gerado a partir do primeiro encontro nacional, celebrado em 1962, da Associação Americana de Psicologia Humanista (AAHP), organizada por Abraham Maslow, entre outros. Essa denominação, a da Psicologia Humanista, foi o produto de uma controvérsia acalorada que embaralhou nomes muito diversos. Objetivo: Estabeleça uma relação clara entre as bases teóricas da Psicologia Humanista e as propostas pela Enfermagem. Método: Houve um "exame minucioso" de cada uma das teorias que definem as diferentes correntes do pensamento. Resultados: Mas Tem historicamente contribuído para o desenvolvimento de profissões de ciências da saúde, como medicina ou enfermagem? Desde os primeiros momentos, a conformação do corpo teórico da Enfermagem, baseou-se nos postulados estabelecidos por Maslow, Dorsch e Rulla. O conceito de necessidade humana básica em unir-se com os modelos teóricos de Orem, Watson, King, Abdellah, Henderson, Levine, Roy e Gordon identificou uma série de necessidades claramente definidas. Vera Fry vai além, estabelecendo o conceito de diagnóstico de enfermagem, estabelecendo cinco áreas de necessidades que permitem indicar o diagnóstico.

This article aims to indicate the metaphysical ontology underlying American Humanistic Psychology in order to correct a misunderstanding present in the published literature that the Third Force in Psychology in existential phenomenological. To do so, it rebuilds the historical context in which the Humanistic Psychology appears in the USA and the questions it tries to answer, emphasizing its position relative to scientific knowledge. Next, it shows the confusion between humanistic and existential-phenomenological psychologies in the scientific literature. The third step is to expose in Martin Heidegger's oeuvre, Being and Time, the requirements of existential phenomenology, in order to evaluate the Rogerian ontology according to them. Carl Roger's psychology is indicated as paradigmatic Third Force Psychology. It concludes that Humanistic Psychology is not existential phenomenological because it substantivizes human existence., O objetivo deste artigo é indicar a ontologia metafísica que subjaz na Psicologia Humanista norteamericana com a intenção de desfazer o equívoco presente na literatura brasileira de que a "Terceira Força em Psicologia" é fenomenológica existencial. Para isso, retoma o contexto histórico do surgimento da Psicologia Humanista nos Estados Unidos e as questões que ela tenta responder, enfatizando seu posicionamento em relação ao conhecimento científico. Em seguida, mostra-se a confusão entre psicologias humanistas e fenomenológicas existenciais na literatura científica. O próximo passo é retomar na obra de Heidegger, Ser e Tempo, as exigências da fenomenologia existencial para, por último, avaliar a ontologia rogeriana, escolhida como paradigma da Terceira Força em Psicologia, à luz delas. Conclui-se que as Psicologias Humanistas não são fenomenológicas existenciais, pois substantivam a existência., El propósito de este artículo es indicar la ontología metafísica subyacente en la psicología humanista norteamericana con la intención de deshacer el error presente en la literatura brasileña de que la "tercera fuerza en psicología" es existencial fenomenológica. Para esto, reanuda el contexto histórico del surgimiento de la psicología humanista en los Estados Unidos y las cuestiones que trata de responder, destacando su posicionamiento en relación con el conocimiento científico. A continuación, se muestra la confusión entre psicologías fenomenológicas existenciales y humanistas en la literatura científica. El siguiente paso es retomar la obra de Heidegger, Ser y Tiempo, y los requisitos de la fenomenología existencial para, finalmente, evaluar la ontología rogeriana, elegida como paradigma de la tercera fuerza en psicología, a la luz de ellos. Se concluye que las psicologías humanistas no son existenciales y fenomenológicas pues sustantivan la existencia.

The paper aims to debate the cultural conditions from which Carl Rogers' thinking was created. Events that happened in american society from the beginning of second World War until the end of 1970's are discussed. It is understood that the war represented an opportunity for the United States to start a new economically virtuous cicle. There was, during this time, a strong feeling of prosperity for part of its population combined with the advent of a conservative middle class. In parallel, contestatory movements of historically marginalized populations emerged. These movements sought civil rights and questioned the ways of social and cultural organization in force. Therefore, it was developed a more practical psychology which evaded itself from technocratic references of production and validation of knowledge. Within this cultural context, it is indicated that Rogers responded, among others, to the themes: authenticity tied to the quest to become a person; technocracy as an element to be questioned in life and in the production of knowledge; And, finally, self-care linked to the serious risk of falling into a narcissistic way of existence., O artigo pretende problematizar as condições culturais a partir das quais foi construído o pensamento de Carl Rogers. Discutem-se acontecimentos ocorridos na sociedade estadunidense a partir do início da segunda guerra mundial até o fim da década de 1970. Entende-se que a guerra representou uma oportunidade para que os Estados Unidos iniciassem um ciclo economicamente virtuoso. Havia, nesse período, uma forte sensação de prosperidade para parte de sua população associada ao advento de uma classe média com tendências conservadoras. Paralelamente, surgiram movimentos contestatórios de populações historicamente marginalizadas que buscavam direitos civis e questionavam os modos de organização social e cultural vigentes. A partir disto, desenvolveu-se uma psicologia mais prática e que fugia de referenciais tecnocráticos de produção e validação de conhecimento. Dentro desse contexto cultural, indica-se que Rogers respondia, entre outros, aos temas: autenticidade atrelada à busca de tornar-se pessoa; tecnocracia como elemento a ser questionado na vida e na produção de conhecimento; e, por fim, cuidado de si vinculado ao sério risco de se cair num modo narcísico de existência., El artículo pretende problematizar las condiciones culturales a partir de las cuales se construyó el pensamiento de Carl Rogers. Se discuten acontecimientos ocurridos en la sociedad estadounidense a partir del inicio de la segunda guerra mundial hasta el final de la década de 1970. Se entiende que la guerra representó una oportunidad para que los Estados Unidos iniciasen un ciclo económicamente virtuoso. En ese período, había una fuerte sensación de prosperidad para parte de su población asociada al advenimiento de una clase media con tendencias conservadoras. Paralelamente, surgieron movimientos contestatarios de poblaciones históricamente marginadas que buscaban derechos civiles y cuestionaban los modos de organización social y cultural vigentes. A partir de esto, se desarrolló una psicología más práctica y que huía de referenciales tecnocráticos de producción y validación de conocimiento. Dentro de ese contexto cultural, se indica que Rogers respondía, entre otros, a los temas: autenticidad ligada a la búsqueda de convertirse en persona; tecnocracia como elemento a ser cuestionado en la vida y en la producción de conocimiento; y, por fin, cuidado de sí vinculado al serio riesgo de caerse en un modo narcisista de existencia.

Marcos in his work entitled Neuroscience: Avoiding Disappointment (2016) argues that the expectations as to the achievements that neuroscience can achieve in the study of the mental processes of man should not be extremely ambitious. This article intends to corroborate the considerations of Marcos (2016) regarding the contributions of neuroscience, along with other branches of knowledge, to solve the enigmas of human existence, and that it can not completely replace, in a solitary way, To the traditional psychological currents in the near future. For that we used a documentary research, based on the foundations of humanistic psychology. From the point of view of psychotherapy, even neuroscience has a winning ground, as it has failed to explain complex expressions of the person as love and consciousness. In addressing the mindbody issue, methodology and theory, contrasting neuroscience and humanistic approaches are contrasted. In conclusion, the thesis of Marcos (2016) is endorsed, proposing an interdisciplinary position with respect to the study of the behavior and the mental processes in the person., Marcos en su trabajo titulado neurociencia: Evitar del desengaño (2016) sostiene que las expectativas en cuanto a los logros que pueda conseguir la neurociencia en el estudio de los procesos mentales del hombre no han de ser en extremo ambiciosas. El presente artículo, pretende corroborar las consideraciones de Marcos (2016) en cuanto a las contribuciones de la neurociencia, junto con otras ramas del conocimiento, a resolver los enigmas de existencia humana, y que ésta no podrá sustituir, por completo, de forma solitaria, a las corrientes psicológicas tradicionales en un futuro cercano. Para lo cual se utilizó una investigación documental, basada en los fundamentos de la psicología humanística. Desde el punto de vista de la psicoterapia, aún la neurociencia tiene un terreno por ganar, pues no ha logrado explicar expresiones complejas de la persona como el amor y la consciencia. Al abordar el asunto mente-cuerpo, la metodología y la teoría, se pone en contraste lo que ha logrado la neurociencia y los enfoques humanísticos. En conclusión, se avala la tesis de Marcos (2016), proponiendo una postura interdisciplinaria con respecto al estudio de la conducta y los procesos mentales en la persona.

This research aims to reflect aspects about Abraham Maslow's biography, his project of Humanistic Psychology and the current status of his ideas in Brazil. We introduced, initially, a biographical sketch of Maslow. Then, we situated his participation at the development of the Humanistic Psychology in EUA. Posteriorly, we presented three bibliographical investigations analyzing the reception and the circulation of Maslow's ideas in Brazil. The first is a narrative review in two databases; the second examines the Maslow's books and books mentioning Maslow published in Brazil; the third shows the Maslow's ideas in general books of Psychology and Management. We evidenced that the life and Maslow's work allows an articulation with a Humanistic Psychology, that for it he had defined purposes before, during and after of his ascension. The Maslow's Psychology is partly received in Brazil the circulation of his ideas occurs, hegemonically, in texts related of Management area and of the Organizational Psychology. Finally, we point out other possibilities to develop the Maslow's legacy in Brazil., Esta pesquisa objetiva refletir aspectos relacionados à biografia de Abraham Maslow, seu projeto de Psicologia Humanista e o estado corrente de suas ideias no Brasil. Introduzimos, inicialmente, um esboço biográfico de Maslow. Depois, situamos a participação dele no desenvolvimento da Psicologia Humanista nos EUA. Posteriormente, apresentamos três investigações bibliográficas que analisam a recepção e a circulação das ideias de Maslow no Brasil: a primeira faz uma revisão narrativa em duas bases de dados; a segunda examina os livros de e sobre Maslow publicados no Brasil; a terceira minuta as ideias de Maslow em livros gerais de Psicologia e Administração. Evidenciamos que a vida e a obra de Maslow possibilitam uma articulação com a Psicologia Humanista, para a qual ele tinha propósitos definidos antes, durante e depois de sua ascensão. A Psicologia de Maslow é recebida parcialmente no Brasil e a circulação de suas ideias ocorre, hegemonicamente, em textos relacionados aos campos da Administração e da Psicologia Organizacional. Finalmente, apontamos outras possibilidades de pesquisas para desenvolver o legado de Maslow no cenário brasileiro., Esta pesquisa pretende reflejar aspectos relacionados con la biografía de Abraham Maslow, su proyecto de Psicología Humanista y el estado actual de sus ideas en Brasil. Introdujo inicialmente una semblanza de Maslow. Luego ponemos su participación en el desarrollo de la Psicología Humanista en el EE.UU. Adelante, se presentan tres investigaciones análisis bibliográficas de la recepción y el movimiento de las ideas de Maslow en Brasil: la primera es una revisión narrativa en dos bases de datos; la segunda examina los libros sobre Maslow publicado en Brasil; el tercer, las ideas de Maslow en los libros generales de Psicología y Gestión. Hemos demostrado que la vida y la obra de Maslow permiten una articulación con la Psicología Humanística, por el que había definido los propósitos antes, durante y después de su ascensión. La psicología de Maslow se recibe en parte en Brasil y la circulación de ideas se produce hegemónicamente en los textos relacionados con el ámbito de la Administración y en la Psicología de las Organizaciones. En final, señalamos otras posibilidades de investigación para desarrollar el legado de Maslow en la escena brasileña.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar las necesidades de capacitación más representativas que tiene la compañía International Aviation Security Group bajo un enfoque de la psicología humanista. Para ello se aplicó una metodología cualitativa de carácter hermenéutico, la cual se logró desarrollar a través de la estrategia de recolección de información, entrevista semiestructurada, que se aplicó a tres colaboradores de la compañía de los niveles operativo, táctico y estratégico. Con la información obtenida se realizó un análisis de discurso, proceso que permitió evidenciar aspectos como similitudes, diferencias, coherencia, frecuencia, semántica e ideología de lo expuesto por los participantes, lo cual permitió identificar cinco necesidades correspondientes a cada nivel de la organización, estas son liderazgo, comunicación asertiva, sentido de pertenencia, trabajo en equipo y resolución de conflictos. Al igual se logró reconocer aspectos relacionados con la locación y la metodología del formador a tener en cuenta si la organización toma la decisión a futuro de diseñar e implementar un proceso de capacitación con enfoque humanista., This research aims to identify the most representative training needs that has the International Aviation Security Group Company with a focus on humanistic psychology. For this, a qualitative methodology was applied hermeneutical character, which was achieved through the development of information collection strategy, semi-structured interview, which three company’s employees of operational, tactical and strategic levels was applied. With the information obtained discourse analysis, process that allowed highlight aspects such similarities, differences, consistency, frequency, semantic and ideology of the comments made by the participants, which allowed the identification of five requirements for each level of the organization is made, these They are leadership, assertive communication, sense of belonging, teamwork and conflict resolution. As it was possible to recognize aspects of location and methodology of the trainer to consider whether the organization makes the decision to future design and implement a training process with humanistic approach.

Práce má za cíl charakterizovat motivační faktory pro nástup na vysokou školu, a určit, které z nich jsou převládající. V teoretické části budou definovány základní pojmy týkající se motivace. S tím souvisejí motivační teorie, z nich největší prostor bude poskytnut teorii hierarchie potřeb Abrahama Maslowa. Dále se práce zaměří na uplatnitelnost vysokoškolského vzdělání, vlivu rodiny a genderu při rozhodování o nástupu na vysokou školu. Praktická část bude vycházet z dotazníkového šetření studentů Humanitních studií Univerzity Pardubice, které bude zjišťovat motivaci k nástupu na vysokou školu a jejich spokojenost s průběhem studia., The work aims to characterize motivational factors leading to start studying on the college and determine which factors are prevalent. The theoretical part defines basic concepts related to motivation, inluding motivational theories of which the largest space is provided to the Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The work further focuses on the recent situation of higher education in the Czech republic in comparison to other countries, directed especially on the employability of higher education and attitude of students towards the education. The practical part of the work is based on the survey among the students of Humanities on the University of Pardubice. The survey examines the motivation to begin university education and satisfaction during the learning processes., Fakulta filozofická

This article draws on the contributions of authors who have devoted to think about the foundations of the humanistic approach in psychology, such as: Villegas, Quitmann, Gendlin, Moreira, Martinez, Kriz, Gondra, Capra, Sassenfeld and Moncada, to reflect on the uses that they have given to the phenomenological-existential bases in the humanistic approach. Thus, the principles of major representatives like Maslow, Rogers, Gendlin and Perls; are analyzed. From such a critical reflection, it is suggested a distinction among justifying, grounding, and thinking, as three uses that are given to the phenomenological-existential bases in the humanistic approach in psychology. The article elaborates on the fact that, in turn, these uses represent different ways of approaching knowledge: justifying deals with the use of the philosophical basis for academic validation. Grounding relates to the use of the philosophical basis for structuring the theory. Thinking has to do with the use of grounding in a dialogical way to keep reasoning. It is concluded the fact that there is an implicit objectivist and atomistic Cartesian thought when using the phenomenological-existential basis only at the level of justification. Here it is proposed that some humanistic psychologists do not apply phenomenological existentialist philosophical principles to their postulates even though they assert on having such bases. Finally, the importance of thinking psychology dialogically as to questioning the theory and make progress in knowledge is highlighted., Este artículo toma los aportes de autores que se han dedicado a pensar las bases del enfoque humanista en psicología como: Villegas, Quitmann, Gendlin, Moreira, Martínez, Kriz, Gondra, Capra, Sassenfeld y Moncada, para reflexionar en torno a los usos que se le han dado a las bases fenomenológico-existenciales en el enfoque humanista. Para esto, se analizan los postulados de importantes exponentes de este enfoque como: Maslow, Rogers, Gendlin y Perls. A partir de esta reflexión crítica se propone una diferenciación entre el justificar, el fundamentar y el pensar, como tres usos que se le dan a las bases fenomenológico-existenciales en el enfoque humanista en psicología. En el artículo se desarrolla que, a su vez, estos usos reflejan distintos modos de aproximarse al conocimiento: justificar se refiere al uso de las bases filosóficas para la validación académica, fundamentar tiene relación con el uso de las bases filosóficas para estructurar la teoría y pensar tiene que ver con utilizar la fundamentación de forma dialógica para seguir pensando. Se concluye que existe una filosofía implícita cartesiana, objetivista y atomista, al usar las bases fenomenológico-existenciales solo al nivel de la justificación; con esto se propone que algunos psicólogos humanistas a pesar de afirmar poseer bases filosóficas fenomenológicas existenciales, no aplican estas a sus postulados. Por último, se resalta la importancia de pensar dialógicamente la psicología para cuestionar la teoría y avanzar en el conocimiento.

In addressing foundational perspectives, proponents of the current positive psychology movement typically identify Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Gordon Allport as precursors and ancestors. This article demonstrates that the Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler preceded the aforementioned ancestors of positive psychology and could be viewed as the original positive psychology. Following a brief overview of key ideas from Adler’s Individual Psychology, the authors specifically address two foundational tenets of Adler’s theory that particularly resonate with those from positive psychology and then address more broadly the remarkable common ground between Adler’s mature theoretical ideas and the positive psychology movement.

This article brings the introductory reflection on the origins and destinations that are being constructed for the Person Centered Approach (PCA) in the brazilian scenario. This paper discusses the paradigms that supported the emergence of the Rogerian theory from the historical context of the modernist project. It makes the analysis of the emergence of humanistic psychology as a third force as opposed to Behaviorism and Psychoanalysis. It presents Rogers' theory and its fundamental concepts in the different stages of the work of Rogers. Finally, it presents some possible approaches between the Person Centered Study and some phenomenological philosophers, been chosen Husserl, Merleau-Ponty and Heidegger, as they have been presented by some brazilian scholars. The work search to clarify the possibilities of continuing the Person Centered Approach by those relations, pointing to the direction of the construction of something so new that it cannot be aligned with the Person Centered Study., Este artigo trata de reflexões introdutórias acerca das origens e dos destinos que vêm se delineando para a Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa (ACP). Para tanto, discute os paradigmas que sustentaram o surgimento da teoria rogeriana, a partir de um contexto histórico determinado pelo projeto modernista. Analisa o surgimento da Psicologia Humanista como a terceira força, contrapondo-a ao Behaviorismo e Psicanálise. A seguir, passeia sobre a teoria rogeriana, discutindo seus conceitos fundamentais, que atravessam pelas diferentes fases do trabalho de Rogers. Finalmente, faz um apanhado teórico das aproximações possíveis entre a ACP e alguns filósofos fenomenólogos, sendo escolhidos Husserl, Merleau-Ponty e Heidegger, tal como têm sido trabalhados por alguns estudiosos brasileiros. O artigo procura clarificar as possibilidades de continuação da ACP a partir destes encontros, colocando o problema de se estar construindo algo tão novo, que não se possa colocar alinhado com a Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa, En este artículo se trata de reflexiones introductorias sobre los orígenes y destinos que han sido delineados para el Enfoque Centrado persona (PCA). Los paradigmas de discusión que apoyaron el surgimiento de la teoría de Rogers, a partir de un contexto histórico determinado por el proyecto modernista. Analiza el surgimiento de la psicología humanista como una tercera fuerza, oponiéndose al conductismo y el psicoanálisis. A continuación, dar un paseo en la teoría de Rogers, discutir los conceptos fundamentales que atraviesan las diferentes fases de la obra de Rogers. Por último, se ofrece una visión general de las similitudes teóricas posibles entre los países ACP y algunos filósofos fenomenólogos, siendo elegido Husserl, Merleau-Ponty y Heidegger, como se ha trabajado por algunos estudiosos brasileños. El artículo trata de aclarar las posibilidades de continuación de ACP a partir de estas reuniones, poner el asunto a la construcción de algo tan nuevo, que no se pueden poner de acuerdo con el Enfoque Centrado en Persona.

Este proyecto de investigación busca describir las condiciones sociales y laborales del trabajo desempeñado por los zorreros de Corabastos y abordar analíticamente las problemáticas que emergen de su actividad. El trabajo de zorreros se desarrolla de manera informal y bajo una serie de condiciones precarias que se han normalizado a lo largo del tiempo y que han llevado a quienes la ejercen a vivir en una situación que definimos como de exclusión laboral. La investigación se apoya metodológicamente en la teoría fundamentada y se realiza desde un enfoque cualitativo y con una visión humanista. Utiliza como instrumento para la obtención de datos entrevistas semi estructuradas, diarios de campo, observaciones directas de Corabastos y de los zorreros. Con este trabajo pretendemos no sólo visibilizar una situación social problemática, sino aportar una comprensión que contribuya a romper con la normalización en la que se vive este trabajo precarizado. Palabras claves: trabajo informal, normalización, precarización, exclusión, zorreros, Corabastos, psicología humanista., This research Project is intended to describe the social and work conditions of the labor performed by the so called Zorreros in Corabastos. It is a main goal of this study to analyze the different problematic aspects which derive from their labor. This occupation is done in an informal way and under a series of precarious conditions which have been normalized throughout a long period of time, and which have obliged these workers to live in a situation defined here as labor or work exclusion. This research is methodologically framed in the fundamental theory, and is developed through a qualitative approach and a humanist focus. The research implements semi-structured interviews as an instrument for the data acquisition, also field records, and direct observation in Corabastos and on the Zorreros. This work is intended not only to point at a problematic social situation, but also understand it in order to find the ways to finish up the normalization which makes of this labor a deprived one.

The target of this work is to carry out a critical analysis about some of the underlying epistemological assumptions in Peterson and Seligman’s book Character Strengths and Virtues. A handbook and classifications (2004). This is a theoretical investigation that belongs to the epistemology of psychology field. According to the theory proposed by Serroni Copello (2003), a critic progress rational criterion is methodologically applied. The analysis points out some epistemological weakness that leads to incongruences in the statements and conclusions of the investigations, such as: the absence of a unified theory, a candid search of objectivity, and the superposition of implicit paradigms. It also takes notice of a causal and elementary logic -which goes against today’s scientific paradigm-, and the strong American culture zeitgeist present in the principles of Positive Psychology. Finally, some ethic problems are displayed, in particular the step taken from a descriptive attitude –characteristic of science- toward a prescriptive attitude –characteristic of moral codes-., En el presente trabajo se tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis crítico de algunos de los fundamentos epistemológicos presentes en la obra Character Strengths and Virtues. A handbook and classification de Peterson y Seligman (2004). Se trata de una investigación teórica que se inscribe dentro del campo de la epistemología de la psicología. Metodológicamente se aplica un criterio racional del progreso crítico de acuerdo a la teoría propuesta por Serroni Copello (2003). En el análisis se señalan algunas debilidades epistemológicas, que generan incongruencias en los planteamientos y conclusiones de la investigación, tales como: la ausencia de una teoría unificada de partida, la búsqueda de objetividad ingenua, y la superposición de paradigmas implícitos. Se advierte que la lógica causalista y elementarista que campea en la obra contradice el paradigma sistémico de las ciencias. A su vez se llama la atención sobre la fuerte impronta cultural norteamericana presente en los principios de la Psicología Positiva. Finalmente se exponen algunos problemas éticos que genera el paso de una actitud descriptiva –propia de la ciencia- hacia una actitud prescriptiva –propia de un código moral-.

The article is about the origins of rhe humanistic and psychological orientation, its principal characteristics like our capacity ro choose and modio/ our vital situation, to be orienred to the action of the values that give us identity and permit us unroll an active ego that in spite of rhe conditionant influence elaborare a self evolution. Ir analyses the concept of self realization and the way that psychorerapy process takes place., El artículo trata sobre los orígenes del enfoque humanístico psicológico, sus características principales por ejemplo nuestra capacidad de elegir y modificar nuestra situación vital, el estar orientados hacia la realización de valores que nos otorgan identidad y nos permiten desarrollar un yo activo que pese a los influjos condicionantes, elabora su propia evolución. Se analiza el concepto de autorrealización y la manera cómo se lleva a cabo el proceso psicoterapéutico

The complete philosophical works of Arthur Schopenhauer are explored through a comprehensive psychological reading that intends to highlight the holistic theories of human nature that amount to a pessimistic and metaphysical worldview. A thorough analysis of Schopenhauer’s philosophical concepts, theories, and ideas is conducted in order to construct a clear understanding of his worldview and avoid a reductionsitic approach to a holistic philosophy. From this I initiate a novel theoretical groundwork derived from Schopenhauer’s philosophy that I have termed a “negative psychology”. I argue that this negative psychology provides a robust understanding of human nature and has applicability in several domains of psychology such as theory of human nature, education, and therapy.

The life of Magda Arnold (1903-2002)—best known for her pioneering appraisal theory of emotion—spanned the 20th century, and she witnessed the rise and fall of many of the major “schools” of psychology. Arnold had an unusual perspective on these theories of psychology, due in large part to an event that occurred in 1948: her conversion to Roman Catholicism. Throughout her life, but especially following her conversion, Arnold rejected reductionistic theories of the human person, instead articulating theories which emphasized human agency and telos, and which held up the human experience as the primary source of psychological knowledge. Arnold’s conversion significantly affected her career, as she made professional sacrifices to teach in Catholic institutions and was open about her religious identity in her academic work at a time when Catholic scholars were suspect. Arnold’s conversion also shaped her psychological thinking—she later credited her conversion and resulting exposure to scholastic philosophy with inspiring her appraisal theory. Arnold’s involvement in psychology (1935-1975) roughly corresponds with a period in academic psychology in which there was very minimal investigation of religious topics (1930-1976)—they were generally considered taboo or unscientific. Yet the majority of American consumers of psychology remained religious in this period, and applied and popular psychology addressed their interests. Arnold’s life contributes an important perspective on this period, highlighting how one psychologist of faith responded to the pressures of an increasingly secular psychology by rejecting the apparent conflict to affirm the fundamental compatibility of faith and science. As such Arnold’s life is a useful contribution to the growing literature on the “complexity” perspective on the relationship between science and religion (as opposed to the traditional “conflict” perspective). Arnold was also aware of her own perspective as a religious psychologist and

Current mental health applications tend to translate traditional approaches into the digital space – without fully tapping into the potential of the devices they are being run on. As practise-led research, this study examines the feasibility of creating a playful and creative mental health application that recognises this potential. Informed by an exploration of power in therapeutic technology and participatory design principles, WALKER is a user-generated collaborative artwork and tool for self-care that operates outside the clinical paradigm of “mental illness”.