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Start Over Author "Hamilton, Sophie" Publication Type Electronic Resources
2 results on '"Hamilton, Sophie"'

1. Chronic kidney disease of undetermined cause (CKDu) : an exploratory study analysing associations between an emerging epidemic and environmental risk factors

Author

Hamilton, Sophie Annalisa, Vineis, Paolo, and Fecht, Daniela

Abstract

An epidemic of chronic kidney disease is occurring in rural communities in low-and middle-income countries. Characterised by chronic impairment of kidney function, this disease is not associated with known risk factors diabetes or hypertension and occurs primarily in communities characterised by a hot climate with reliance on agricultural work. Hypothesised environmental risk factors include heat stress, heavy metals and pesticide exposure, and low altitude. As it is unclear whether there is a unified aetiology, this disease has been termed chronic kidney disease of undetermined cause (CKDu). In this thesis I aimed to investigate whether the above environmental exposures are CKDu risk factors. Firstly, I conducted a global geographical analysis of CKDu using the global burden of disease database, modelling age-standardized death rates to highlight potential high-risk regions. To analyse CKDu at the individual level I developed a methodological framework to analyse satellite imagery and measure potable water sources and blood for heavy metals. I use Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to investigate associations between kidney function and heavy metals in blood. I analysed data from Sri Lanka and India, which are CKDu endemic, but aetiologies are unknown. Using satellite-derived data, associations between kidney function temperature, altitude, and vicinity to cropland were investigated. I then analysed data in Malawi which is suspected as high-risk based on similarities of climate and agriculture typical of endemic regions. Via a nested cross-sectional study, associations between kidney function and satellite-derived data were conducted. Heavy metals concentrations in potable water and blood samples were analysed using BKMR. Results suggest CKDu is not present in Malawi. There were no associations between temperature, altitude, heavy metals, or vicinity to cropland and reduced kidney function. BKMR showed potential interactions between reduced kidney function and low blood Cadmium concentrations. In Sri Lanka and India, elevated temperature was not associated with CKDu. However, in Sri Lanka associations were observed with agricultural work; in India vicinity to cropland was associated. My findings challenge the current hypothesis that CKDu is a heat-related disease. My environmental exposure framework can be used as a foundation for further research facilitating international comparisons of environmental risk factors for CKDu.

Published
2021
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2. Växtkomposition med verksamhetsanknytning, till rabatt i offentlig miljö

Author

Hamilton, Sophie and Hamilton, Sophie

Abstract

Syftet med studien var att utifrån platsens förutsättningar undersöka hur en rabattkomposition kan representera och spegla en verksamhet. Målsättningen var att skapa tre växtkompositioner som bygger på koncept utifrån verksamheternas innehåll som utvärderas och diskuteras. Den första frågeställningen var: Med vilka växtkaraktärer, växter och kompositionsprinciper kan man gestalta HDK:s entrérabatt för att knyta an till och spegla de tre kandidatprogrammen: Keramikkonst, Textilkonst och Design? Den andra frågeställningen var: hur påverkar de olika växtkompositionerna rabattens funktion och värde? Metoderna som använts för att behandla syfte och frågor har varit: platsstudie, litteraturstudie och designprocess. Platsstudien beskrev platsen och litteraturstudien beskrev ämnet växtkomposition samt pressenterade verksamhetens innehåll med de olika programmen. Dessa studier har stått som grund för designprocessen där resultaten arbetats fram. Ett koncept bestående av några nyckelord beskriver programmen som speglas med växtkaraktärer och komposition. Programmen har därefter pressenterats i varsitt gestaltningsförslag där växter och komposition beskrivs med en växtförteckning, illustrationsplan, vyer och årstidsdynamik. Här beskrivs även rabattens funktion och värde. I keramikkonsten framträdde rumsligheten som en viktig aspekt där växter med sluten yta och arkitektonisk tydlighet var framträdande. I textilkonstens gestaltning betonades växternas sammanvävande egenskaper och olika färgspektrum. Designprogrammet avspeglades med tydliga och enkla former och växtkaraktärer där växter placerats inom avgränsade ytor som i ett mönster. I den avslutande diskussionen reflekteras resultaten, metoder och slutsatser. Diskussionen visar på val som gjorts i arbetet och lett fram till det slutliga resultatet., The Objective of the study was, that based on site conditions examine how a border composition can represent and reflect a business. The goal was to create three plant compositions based on concept from the operations content that is evaluated and discussed. The first question was: With witch growing characters, plants and composition principles can you portray HDK admission boarder to connect with and reflect the three bachelor programs: Ceramic Art, Textile Art and Design? The second question was: how do the various plant compositions affect the borders function and value? The methods used to treat the purpose and questions have been: location study, literature study and design process. The location study described the site and the literature study described the subject plant composition and presented the business content with the various programs. These studies have been the basis for the design process where the results worked out. The results consisted of a location analysis where different site conditions could be identified and a program concept where a summary of the content of programs outlined. A concept consisting of a few keywords describing the programs are reflected with plant characters and its composition. The programs are then presented in separate design proposal where plants and composition are described with a plant list, illustration plan, views and seasonal dynamics. Here is also the boarders function and value described. In The ceramic art spatiality emerged as an important aspect in which plants with closed surface and architectural clarity was prominent. In the textile art composition, plants with interlacing characteristics and different color spectrum were an important issue. The design program was reflected in clear simple shapes and growing characters where plants were placed within defined areas like in a pattern. In the final discussion results, methods and conclusions were reflected. The discussion shows the choices made at work who l

Published
2016

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