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This study was initiated to investigate the potential use of phosphatic materials as permeable geochemical barriers for groundwater contaminated with strontium-90. Groundwater discharges to the Columbia River create potential human food chain hazards. It is imperative to immobilize the contamination before it reaches the river. Phosphate materials have been proven by various researchers to be chemical compounds that combine with contaminant metals forming into insoluble metal-phosphate minerals. These minerals are stable and insoluble under normal soil conditions. The U.S. DOE is currently undertaking phosphate stabilization projects at Hanford, Oak Ridge, Savannah, Fernald, and the University of Idaho., Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State University Radiation Center.

The United States Army will face a helicopter shortfall in any future mid- or high-intensity conflict. This study addresses the factors which contribute to this problem and identified possible short and long terms solutions. It concludes that the commercial helicopter fleet provides a viable source for alleviating the problem in the near term and suggests that a joint military and civilian development effort for future generations of helicopters provides the best opportunities for long term resolution. (Author)