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Background: Autonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD) is associated with negative prognosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Elevated periosteal pressure sensitivity (PPS) at the sternum relates to ANSD and sympathetic hyperactivity. Two previous observational case–control studies of the effect of reduction of PPS suggested lower all-cause mortality from IHD and stroke. We now used a specific daily, adjunct, non-pharmacological program of reduction of elevated PPS to test the hypothetical association between the intervention and reduced all-cause mortality in patients with stable IHD in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods: We completed active (n = 106) and passive interventions (n = 107) and compared the five-year mortalities. We also compared the five-year individual all-cause mortality of each participant to approximately 35.000 members of the general population of Denmark. Pooling the mortality data from the active group of the RCT with the two preliminary studies, we registered the mortality following active intervention of 1.168 person-years, compared to 40 million person-years of the pooled general population. Results: We recorded fewer deaths of the active RCT intervention group than of the corresponding control group from the general population (p = 0.01), as well as of the passive RCT intervention group (p = 0.035). The meta-analysis of the three studies together demonstrated reduced 4.2-year all-cause mortality of 60% (p = 0.007). Conclusions: The test of the hypothetical effect of an intervention aimed at the attenuation of ANSD accompanied by a lowered PPS revealed reduced all-cause mortality in patients with stable IHD., Background: Autonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD) is associated with negative prognosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Elevated periosteal pressure sensitivity (PPS) at the sternum relates to ANSD and sympathetic hyperactivity. Two previous observational case–control studies of the effect of reduction of PPS suggested lower all-cause mortality from IHD and stroke. We now used a specific daily, adjunct, non-pharmacological program of reduction of elevated PPS to test the hypothetical association between the intervention and reduced all-cause mortality in patients with stable IHD in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods: We completed active (n = 106) and passive interventions (n = 107) and compared the five-year mortalities. We also compared the five-year individual all-cause mortality of each participant to approximately 35.000 members of the general population of Denmark. Pooling the mortality data from the active group of the RCT with the two preliminary studies, we registered the mortality following active intervention of 1.168 person-years, compared to 40 million person-years of the pooled general population. Results: We recorded fewer deaths of the active RCT intervention group than of the corresponding control group from the general population (p = 0.01), as well as of the passive RCT intervention group (p = 0.035). The meta-analysis of the three studies together demonstrated reduced 4.2-year all-cause mortality of 60% (p = 0.007). Conclusions: The test of the hypothetical effect of an intervention aimed at the attenuation of ANSD accompanied by a lowered PPS revealed reduced all-cause mortality in patients with stable IHD.

Background: Autonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD) is associated with negative prognosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Elevated periosteal pressure sensitivity (PPS) at the sternum relates to ANSD and sympathetic hyperactivity. Two previous observational case–control studies of the effect of reduction of PPS suggested lower all-cause mortality from IHD and stroke. We now used a specific daily, adjunct, non-pharmacological program of reduction of elevated PPS to test the hypothetical association between the intervention and reduced all-cause mortality in patients with stable IHD in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods: We completed active (n = 106) and passive interventions (n = 107) and compared the five-year mortalities. We also compared the five-year individual all-cause mortality of each participant to approximately 35.000 members of the general population of Denmark. Pooling the mortality data from the active group of the RCT with the two preliminary studies, we registered the mortality following active intervention of 1.168 person-years, compared to 40 million person-years of the pooled general population. Results: We recorded fewer deaths of the active RCT intervention group than of the corresponding control group from the general population (p = 0.01), as well as of the passive RCT intervention group (p = 0.035). The meta-analysis of the three studies together demonstrated reduced 4.2-year all-cause mortality of 60% (p = 0.007). Conclusions: The test of the hypothetical effect of an intervention aimed at the attenuation of ANSD accompanied by a lowered PPS revealed reduced all-cause mortality in patients with stable IHD., Background: Autonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD) is associated with negative prognosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Elevated periosteal pressure sensitivity (PPS) at the sternum relates to ANSD and sympathetic hyperactivity. Two previous observational case–control studies of the effect of reduction of PPS suggested lower all-cause mortality from IHD and stroke. We now used a specific daily, adjunct, non-pharmacological program of reduction of elevated PPS to test the hypothetical association between the intervention and reduced all-cause mortality in patients with stable IHD in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods: We completed active (n = 106) and passive interventions (n = 107) and compared the five-year mortalities. We also compared the five-year individual all-cause mortality of each participant to approximately 35.000 members of the general population of Denmark. Pooling the mortality data from the active group of the RCT with the two preliminary studies, we registered the mortality following active intervention of 1.168 person-years, compared to 40 million person-years of the pooled general population. Results: We recorded fewer deaths of the active RCT intervention group than of the corresponding control group from the general population (p = 0.01), as well as of the passive RCT intervention group (p = 0.035). The meta-analysis of the three studies together demonstrated reduced 4.2-year all-cause mortality of 60% (p = 0.007). Conclusions: The test of the hypothetical effect of an intervention aimed at the attenuation of ANSD accompanied by a lowered PPS revealed reduced all-cause mortality in patients with stable IHD.

Context. The Odin satellite is now into its twentieth year of operation, much surpassing its design life of two years. One of its major astronomical pursuits was the search for and study of water vapor in diverse regions of the Solar System and the Milky Way galaxy. The Herschel space observatory was needed to detect water vapor in external galaxies. Aims. Our goal is to study the distribution and excitation of water vapor and other molecules in the barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365. Methods. Herschel has observed the central region of NGC 1365 in two positions, and both its SPIRE and PACS observations are available in the Herschel Science Archive. Herschel PACS images have been produced of the 70 and 160 mu m infrared emission from the whole galaxy, and also of the cold dust distribution as obtained from the ratio of the 160 to 70 mu m images. The Herschel SPIRE observations have been used to produce simultaneously observed maps of the 557 GHz o-H2O, 752 GHz p-H2O, 691 GHz CO(6-5), 1037 GHz CO(9-8), 537 GHz CH, 835 GHz CH', and the 1461 GHz [N IT] lines (efficiently probing the warm ionized medium) in the inner bar and circumnuclear torus region; - however, these observations have no effective velocity resolution. For this reason Odin has recently observed the 557 GHz ortho-H2O ground state line in the central region with high (5 km s(-1)) spectral resolution. Results. The emission and absorption of H2O at 557 GHz, with a velocity resolution of 5 km s(-1), has been marginally detected in NGC 1365 with Odin. The water vapor is predominantly located in a shocked 15 '' (1.3 kpc) region near some central compact radio sources and hot-spot HIT regions, close to the northeast component of the molecular torus surrounding the nucleus. An analysis of the H2O line intensities and velocities indicates that a shock-region is located here. This is corroborated by a statistical image deconvolution of our SEST CO(3-2) observations, yielding 5 '' resolution, and a study of our Very La

The Odin satellite is now into its twentieth year of operation, much surpassing its design life of two years. One of its major pursuits was the search for and study of H2O in the Solar System and the Milky Way galaxy. Herschel has observed the central region of NGC 1365 in two positions, and both its SPIRE and PACS observations are available in the Herschel Science Archive. Herschel PACS images have been produced of the 70 and 160 micron infrared emission from the whole galaxy, and also of the cold dust distribution as obtained from the ratio of the 160 to 70 micron images. The Herschel SPIRE observations have been used to produce maps of the 557 GHz o-H2O, 752 GHz p-H2O, 691 GHz CO(6-5), 1037 GHz CO(9-8), 537 GHz CH, 835 GHz CH+, and the 1461 GHz NII lines; however, these observations have no effective velocity resolution. Odin has recently observed the 557 GHz o-H2O ground state line in the central region with high (5 km/s) spectral resolution. The emission and absorption of H2O at 557 GHz, with a velocity resolution of 5 km/s, has been marginally detected in NGC 1365 with Odin. The H2O is predominantly located in a shocked 15" (1.3 kpc) region near some central compact radio sources and hot-spot HII regions, close to the northeast component of the molecular torus surrounding the nucleus. An analysis of the H2O line intensities and velocities indicates that a shock-region is located here. This is corroborated by a statistical image deconvolution of our SEST CO(3-2) observations, yielding 5" resolution, and a study of our VLA HI absorption observations. Additionally, an enticing 20" HI ridge is found to extend south-southeast from the nucleus, coinciding in position with the southern edge of an OIII outflow cone, emanating from the nucleus. The molecular chemistry of the shocked central region is analyzed with special emphasis on the CO, H2O and CH, CH+ results., Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures

In the folate cycle MTHFD1, encoded by MTHFD1, is a trifunctional enzyme containing 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity. To date, only one patient with MTHFD1 deficiency, presenting with hyperhomocysteinemia, megaloblastic anaemia, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and severe combined immunodeficiency, has been identified (Watkins et al J Med Genet 48:590-2, 2011). We now describe four additional patients from two different families. The second patient presented with hyperhomocysteinemia, megaloblastic anaemia, HUS, microangiopathy and retinopathy; all except the retinopathy resolved after treatment with hydroxocobalamin, betaine and folinic acid. The third patient developed megaloblastic anaemia, infection, autoimmune disease and moderate liver fibrosis but not hyperhomocysteinemia, and was successfully treated with a regime that included and was eventually reduced to folic acid. The other two, elder siblings of the third patient, died at 9weeks of age with megaloblastic anaemia, infection and severe acidosis and had MTFHD1 deficiency diagnosed retrospectively. We identified a missense mutation (c.806C > T, p.Thr296Ile) and a splice site mutation (c.1674G > A) leading to exon skipping in the second patient, while the other three harboured a missense mutation (c.146C > T, p.Ser49Phe) and a premature stop mutation (c.673G > T, p.Glu225*), all of which were novel. Patient fibroblast studies revealed severely reduced methionine formation from [14C]-formate, which did not increase in cobalamin supplemented culture medium but was responsive to folic and folinic acid. These additional cases increase the clinical spectrum of this intriguing defect, provide in vitro evidence of disturbed methionine synthesis and substantiate the effectiveness of folic or folinic acid treatment.

As electric road system (ERS) technologies continue to reach higher levels of maturity, the need for standardisation of the field appears comparable to many other technically oriented areas. Standards can not only support industrial production and increase the opportunities for dissemination of innovations, they can also contribute to product safety, reliability, and a certain level of product quality. These are common arguments for standardisation of technologies, and they also apply readily to ERS. Standardisation is moreover essential for the interoperability, compatibility, and competitiveness of ERS, specifically from the perspective of facilitating a faster deployment of electric road systems as a promising future solution to replace the dominant position of fossil powered freight transport. Although currently under discussion, standardisation for ERS is however still only at the initial drafting phase. The purpose of this study was to increase knowledge of standardisation to promote the development of electric road systems. During the project a mapping was carried out to create an overview of standards that are directly or indirectly central for ERS in the area of intelligent transport systems (ITS). The study employed a combination of methods including an examination of ERS literature and ITS standards, a stakeholder workshop, and expert reviews of a tentative listing of ITS standards that are potentially applicable to ERS. The main result is a preliminary inventory of 111 ITS standards, including standards for electronic fee collection (EFC), where 99 standards have been deemed as potentially applicable to ERS., Allteftersom tekniker för elvägssystem (ERS) fortsätter att nå högre nivåer av mognad framstår behovet av standardisering inom fältet som jämförligt med många andra tekniskt inriktade områden. Standarder kan inte bara stödja industriell produktion och öka möjligheterna till spridning av innovationer, de kan också bidra till produktsäkerhet, tillförlitlighet och en viss produktkvalitetsnivå. Dessa är vanliga argument för standardisering av teknik och de gäller också för ERS. Standardisering är dessutom väsentligt för ERS interoperabilitet, kompatibilitet och konkurrenskraft, särskilt med tanke på att underlätta en snabbare spridning av elvägssystem som en lovande framtida lösning för att ersätta fossildrivna godstransporters dominerande position. Även om standardisering för närvarande diskuteras, är standardisering för ERS dock fortfarande bara på det inledande utarbetningsstadiet. Syftet med denna studie var att öka kunskapen om standardisering för att främja utvecklingen av elvägssystem. Under projektet genomfördes en kartläggning för att skapa en översikt över standarder som är direkt eller indirekt centrala för ERS inom området intelligenta transportsystem (ITS). I studien användes en kombination av metoder inklusive en undersökning av ERS-litteratur och ITS-standarder, en intressentworkshop och expertbedömningar av en tentativ lista över ITS-standarder som är potentiellt tillämpliga på ERS. Huvudresultatet är en preliminär inventering av 111 ITS-standarder, inklusive standarder för elektronisk avgiftsinsamling (EFC), där 99 standarder har bedömts vara potentiellt tillämpliga på ERS.

Context. The comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacted Jupiter in July 1994, leaving its stratosphere with several new species, with water vapor (H2O) among them. Aims. With the aid of a photochemical model, H2O can be used as a dynamical tracer in the Jovian stratosphere. In this paper, we aim to constrain the vertical eddy diffusion (Kzz) at levels where H2O is present. Methods. We monitored the H2O disk-averaged emission at 556.936 GHz with the space telescope between 2002 and 2019, covering nearly two decades. We analyzed the data with a combination of 1D photochemical and radiative transfer models to constrain the vertical eddy diffusion in the stratosphere of Jupiter. Results. Odin observations show us that the emission of H2O has an almost linear decrease of about 40% between 2002 and 2019. We can only reproduce our time series if we increase the magnitude of Kzz in the pressure range where H2O diffuses downward from 2002 to 2019, that is, from ~0.2 mbar to ~5 mbar. However, this modified Kzz is incompatible with hydrocarbon observations. We find that even if an allowance is made for the initially large abundances of H2O and CO at the impact latitudes, the photochemical conversion of H2O to CO2 is not sufficient to explain the progressive decline of the H2O line emission, which is suggestive of additional loss mechanisms. Conclusions. The Kzz we derived from the Odin observations of H2O can only be viewed as an upper limit in the ~0.2 mbar to ~5 mbar pressure range. The incompatibility between the interpretations made from H2O and hydrocarbon observations probably results from 1D modeling limitations. Meridional variability of H2O, most probably at auroral latitudes, would need to be assessed and compared with that of hydrocarbons to quantify the role of auroral chemistry in the temporal evolution of the H2O abundance since the SL9 impacts. Modeling the temporal evolution of SL9 species with a 2D model would naturally be the next step in this area of study.

Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacted Jupiter in July 1994, leaving its stratosphere with several new species, among them water vapor (H2O). With the aid of a photochemical model H2O can be used as a dynamical tracer in the jovian stratosphere. In this paper, we aim at constraining vertical eddy diffusion (Kzz) at the levels where H2O resides. We monitored the H2O disk-averaged emission at 556.936 GHz with the Odin space telescope between 2002 and 2019, covering nearly two decades. We analyzed the data with a combination of 1D photochemical and radiative transfer models to constrain vertical eddy diffusion in the stratosphere of Jupiter. The Odin observations show us that the emission of H2O has an almost linear decrease of about 40% between 2002 and 2019.We can only reproduce our time series if we increase the magnitude of Kzz in the pressure range where H2O diffuses downward from 2002 to 2019, i.e. from ~0.2 mbar to ~5 mbar. However, this modified Kzz is incompatible with hydrocarbon observations. We find that, even if allowance is made for the initially large abundances of H2O and CO at the impact latitudes, the photochemical conversion of H2O to CO2 is not sufficient to explain the progressive decline of the H2O line emission, suggestive of additional loss mechanisms. The Kzz we derived from the Odin observations of H2O can only be viewed as an upper limit in the ~0.2 mbar to ~5 mbar pressure range. The incompatibility between the interpretations made from H2O and hydrocarbon observations probably results from 1D modeling limitations. Meridional variability of H2O, most probably at auroral latitudes, would need to be assessed and compared with that of hydrocarbons to quantify the role of auroral chemistry in the temporal evolution of the H2O abundance since the SL9 impacts. Modeling the temporal evolution of SL9 species with a 2D model would be the next natural step., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics

As electric road system (ERS) technologies continue to reach higher levels of maturity, the need for standardisation of the field appears comparable to many other technically oriented areas. Standards can not only support industrial production and increase the opportunities for dissemination of innovations, they can also contribute to product safety, reliability, and a certain level of product quality. These are common arguments for standardisation of technologies, and they also apply readily to ERS. Standardisation is moreover essential for the interoperability, compatibility, and competitiveness of ERS, specifically from the perspective of facilitating a faster deployment of electric road systems as a promising future solution to replace the dominant position of fossil powered freight transport. Although currently under discussion, standardisation for ERS is however still only at the initial drafting phase. The purpose of this study was to increase knowledge of standardisation to promote the development of electric road systems. During the project a mapping was carried out to create an overview of standards that are directly or indirectly central for ERS in the area of intelligent transport systems (ITS). The study employed a combination of methods including an examination of ERS literature and ITS standards, a stakeholder workshop, and expert reviews of a tentative listing of ITS standards that are potentially applicable to ERS. The main result is a preliminary inventory of 111 ITS standards, including standards for electronic fee collection (EFC), where 99 standards have been deemed as potentially applicable to ERS., Allteftersom tekniker för elvägssystem (ERS) fortsätter att nå högre nivåer av mognad framstår behovet av standardisering inom fältet som jämförligt med många andra tekniskt inriktade områden. Standarder kan inte bara stödja industriell produktion och öka möjligheterna till spridning av innovationer, de kan också bidra till produktsäkerhet, tillförlitlighet och en viss produktkvalitetsnivå. Dessa är vanliga argument för standardisering av teknik och de gäller också för ERS. Standardisering är dessutom väsentligt för ERS interoperabilitet, kompatibilitet och konkurrenskraft, särskilt med tanke på att underlätta en snabbare spridning av elvägssystem som en lovande framtida lösning för att ersätta fossildrivna godstransporters dominerande position. Även om standardisering för närvarande diskuteras, är standardisering för ERS dock fortfarande bara på det inledande utarbetningsstadiet. Syftet med denna studie var att öka kunskapen om standardisering för att främja utvecklingen av elvägssystem. Under projektet genomfördes en kartläggning för att skapa en översikt över standarder som är direkt eller indirekt centrala för ERS inom området intelligenta transportsystem (ITS). I studien användes en kombination av metoder inklusive en undersökning av ERS-litteratur och ITS-standarder, en intressentworkshop och expertbedömningar av en tentativ lista över ITS-standarder som är potentiellt tillämpliga på ERS. Huvudresultatet är en preliminär inventering av 111 ITS-standarder, inklusive standarder för elektronisk avgiftsinsamling (EFC), där 99 standarder har bedömts vara potentiellt tillämpliga på ERS.

Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacted Jupiter in July 1994, leaving its stratosphere with several new species, among them water vapor (H2O). With the aid of a photochemical model H2O can be used as a dynamical tracer in the jovian stratosphere. In this paper, we aim at constraining vertical eddy diffusion (Kzz) at the levels where H2O resides. We monitored the H2O disk-averaged emission at 556.936 GHz with the Odin space telescope between 2002 and 2019, covering nearly two decades. We analyzed the data with a combination of 1D photochemical and radiative transfer models to constrain vertical eddy diffusion in the stratosphere of Jupiter. The Odin observations show us that the emission of H2O has an almost linear decrease of about 40% between 2002 and 2019.We can only reproduce our time series if we increase the magnitude of Kzz in the pressure range where H2O diffuses downward from 2002 to 2019, i.e. from ~0.2 mbar to ~5 mbar. However, this modified Kzz is incompatible with hydrocarbon observations. We find that, even if allowance is made for the initially large abundances of H2O and CO at the impact latitudes, the photochemical conversion of H2O to CO2 is not sufficient to explain the progressive decline of the H2O line emission, suggestive of additional loss mechanisms. The Kzz we derived from the Odin observations of H2O can only be viewed as an upper limit in the ~0.2 mbar to ~5 mbar pressure range. The incompatibility between the interpretations made from H2O and hydrocarbon observations probably results from 1D modeling limitations. Meridional variability of H2O, most probably at auroral latitudes, would need to be assessed and compared with that of hydrocarbons to quantify the role of auroral chemistry in the temporal evolution of the H2O abundance since the SL9 impacts. Modeling the temporal evolution of SL9 species with a 2D model would be the next natural step., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics

As electric road system (ERS) technologies continue to reach higher levels of maturity, the need for standardisation of the field appears comparable to many other technically oriented areas. Standards can not only support industrial production and increase the opportunities for dissemination of innovations, they can also contribute to product safety, reliability, and a certain level of product quality. These are common arguments for standardisation of technologies, and they also apply readily to ERS. Standardisation is moreover essential for the interoperability, compatibility, and competitiveness of ERS, specifically from the perspective of facilitating a faster deployment of electric road systems as a promising future solution to replace the dominant position of fossil powered freight transport. Although currently under discussion, standardisation for ERS is however still only at the initial drafting phase. The purpose of this study was to increase knowledge of standardisation to promote the development of electric road systems. During the project a mapping was carried out to create an overview of standards that are directly or indirectly central for ERS in the area of intelligent transport systems (ITS). The study employed a combination of methods including an examination of ERS literature and ITS standards, a stakeholder workshop, and expert reviews of a tentative listing of ITS standards that are potentially applicable to ERS. The main result is a preliminary inventory of 111 ITS standards, including standards for electronic fee collection (EFC), where 99 standards have been deemed as potentially applicable to ERS., Allteftersom tekniker för elvägssystem (ERS) fortsätter att nå högre nivåer av mognad framstår behovet av standardisering inom fältet som jämförligt med många andra tekniskt inriktade områden. Standarder kan inte bara stödja industriell produktion och öka möjligheterna till spridning av innovationer, de kan också bidra till produktsäkerhet, tillförlitlighet och en viss produktkvalitetsnivå. Dessa är vanliga argument för standardisering av teknik och de gäller också för ERS. Standardisering är dessutom väsentligt för ERS interoperabilitet, kompatibilitet och konkurrenskraft, särskilt med tanke på att underlätta en snabbare spridning av elvägssystem som en lovande framtida lösning för att ersätta fossildrivna godstransporters dominerande position. Även om standardisering för närvarande diskuteras, är standardisering för ERS dock fortfarande bara på det inledande utarbetningsstadiet. Syftet med denna studie var att öka kunskapen om standardisering för att främja utvecklingen av elvägssystem. Under projektet genomfördes en kartläggning för att skapa en översikt över standarder som är direkt eller indirekt centrala för ERS inom området intelligenta transportsystem (ITS). I studien användes en kombination av metoder inklusive en undersökning av ERS-litteratur och ITS-standarder, en intressentworkshop och expertbedömningar av en tentativ lista över ITS-standarder som är potentiellt tillämpliga på ERS. Huvudresultatet är en preliminär inventering av 111 ITS-standarder, inklusive standarder för elektronisk avgiftsinsamling (EFC), där 99 standarder har bedömts vara potentiellt tillämpliga på ERS.

In paper pulp production, many details can be optimized. For optimal separation of soap from black liquor, it is important to know the amount of soap in the black liquor. A project to produce a method for sampling black liquor and a method for measuring how much soap is present in black liquor by centrifugation was done at Södra Cell Mönsterås. Through centrifugation faster analysis can be done. It took a long time to develop a satisfactory sampling method, but with the help of careful checking of temperature and time, a method was achieved that worked at temperatures between 90 and 100°C, which were the temperatures that were most frequently found, but are higher than the optimum temperature for soap separation. The black liquor turned out to be inhomogeneous, so the project failed to obtain an optimal analysis method within the framework of this project. In the experiment, the centrifuge settings were optimized to 87°C, 2500 rpm and 10 minutes Further attempts could provide more optimal settings for the centrifuge and a substitute for black liquor could make a validation of the centrifuge possible., Pappersmassaproduktion är komplex, och en rad faktorer kan optimeras. En viktig parameter vid såpavskiljning är innehållet såpa i svartlut eftersom en värdefull produkt, tallolja utvinns av såpa. Projektet syftar till att ta fram en metod för provtagning av svartlut och en metod för att mäta halten såpa i svartluten genom centrifugering. Genom centrifugering kan snabbare analyser göras. Arbetet har utförts på Södra Cell Mönsterås. Arbetet att utveckla en tillfredsställande provtagningsmetod var komplicerad, men med hjälp av noggrann koll på temperatur och tid uppnåddes en metod som fungerade vid temperaturer mellan 90 och 100°C, vilket var de temperaturer som oftast fanns, men som är högre än optimal temperatur för såpavskiljning. Svartluten visade sig vara inhomogen, därför lyckades det inte att få fram en optimal analysmetod inom ramen av detta projekt. I försöket optimerades centrifugens inställningar till 87°C, 2500 rpm (varv per minut) och 10 minuter. Vidare försök skulle kunna ge mer optimala inställningar för centrifugen genom den utvecklade prov, och ett substitut för svartlut skulle kunne göra en validering av centrifugen möjlig.

In paper pulp production, many details can be optimized. For optimal separation of soap from black liquor, it is important to know the amount of soap in the black liquor. A project to produce a method for sampling black liquor and a method for measuring how much soap is present in black liquor by centrifugation was done at Södra Cell Mönsterås. Through centrifugation faster analysis can be done. It took a long time to develop a satisfactory sampling method, but with the help of careful checking of temperature and time, a method was achieved that worked at temperatures between 90 and 100°C, which were the temperatures that were most frequently found, but are higher than the optimum temperature for soap separation. The black liquor turned out to be inhomogeneous, so the project failed to obtain an optimal analysis method within the framework of this project. In the experiment, the centrifuge settings were optimized to 87°C, 2500 rpm and 10 minutes Further attempts could provide more optimal settings for the centrifuge and a substitute for black liquor could make a validation of the centrifuge possible., Pappersmassaproduktion är komplex, och en rad faktorer kan optimeras. En viktig parameter vid såpavskiljning är innehållet såpa i svartlut eftersom en värdefull produkt, tallolja utvinns av såpa. Projektet syftar till att ta fram en metod för provtagning av svartlut och en metod för att mäta halten såpa i svartluten genom centrifugering. Genom centrifugering kan snabbare analyser göras. Arbetet har utförts på Södra Cell Mönsterås. Arbetet att utveckla en tillfredsställande provtagningsmetod var komplicerad, men med hjälp av noggrann koll på temperatur och tid uppnåddes en metod som fungerade vid temperaturer mellan 90 och 100°C, vilket var de temperaturer som oftast fanns, men som är högre än optimal temperatur för såpavskiljning. Svartluten visade sig vara inhomogen, därför lyckades det inte att få fram en optimal analysmetod inom ramen av detta projekt. I försöket optimerades centrifugens inställningar till 87°C, 2500 rpm (varv per minut) och 10 minuter. Vidare försök skulle kunna ge mer optimala inställningar för centrifugen genom den utvecklade prov, och ett substitut för svartlut skulle kunne göra en validering av centrifugen möjlig.

Trafikverket har fått i uppdrag att analysera förutsättningarna för en omställning till fossilfrihet för statligt ägda fartyg, samt lämna förslag till en strategi. I uppdraget ingår att redovisa lämpliga alternativa drivmedel och dess hållbarhet vid lagring, tillgänglighet till, och behov av, landinfrastruktur samt kostnader för omställningen.Trafikverket ska i sin analys och strategi utgå från åtminstone två alternativa målår, 2030 respektive 2045, för fossilfria statligt ägda fartyg. Trafikverket ska även föreslå i vilken ordning åtgärder bör vidtas samt hur de ska följas upp.

Trafikverket har fått i uppdrag att analysera förutsättningarna för en omställning till fossilfrihet för statligt ägda fartyg, samt lämna förslag till en strategi. I uppdraget ingår att redovisa lämpliga alternativa drivmedel och dess hållbarhet vid lagring, tillgänglighet till, och behov av, landinfrastruktur samt kostnader för omställningen.Trafikverket ska i sin analys och strategi utgå från åtminstone två alternativa målår, 2030 respektive 2045, för fossilfria statligt ägda fartyg. Trafikverket ska även föreslå i vilken ordning åtgärder bör vidtas samt hur de ska följas upp.

Context. The Odin satellite is now into its sixteenth year of operation, much surpassing its design life of two years. One of the sources which Odin has observed in great detail is the Sgr A complex in the centre of the Milky Way. Aims. To study the presence of NH3 in the Galactic centre and spiral arms. Methods. Recently, Odin has made complementary observations of the 572 GHz NH3 line towards the SgrA + 50 km s(-1) cloud and circumnuclear disk (CND). Results. Significant NH3 emission has been observed in both the + 50 km s(-1) cloud and the CND. Clear NH3 absorption has also been detected in many of the spiral arm features along the line of sight from the Sun to the core of our Galaxy. Conclusions. The very large velocity width (80 km s 1) of the NH3 emission associated with the shock region in the southwestern part of the CND may suggest a formation / desorption scenario similar to that of gas-phase H2O in shocks / outflows.

Context. The Odin satellite is now into its sixteenth year of operation, much surpassing its design life of two years. One of the sources which Odin has observed in great detail is the Sgr A Complex in the centre of the Milky Way. Aims. To study the presence of NH3 in the Galactic Centre and spiral arms. Methods. Recently, Odin has made complementary observations of the 572 GHz NH3 line towards the Sgr A +50 km/s Cloud and Circumnuclear Disk (CND). Results. Significant NH3 emission has been observed in both the +50 km/s Cloud and the CND. Clear NH3 absorption has also been detected in many of the spiral arm features along the line of sight from the Sun to the core of our Galaxy. Conclusions. The very large velocity width (80 km/s) of the NH3 emission associated with the shock region in the southwestern part of the CND may suggest a formation/desorption scenario similar to that of gas-phase H2O in shocks/outflows., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables

Context. The Odin satellite is now into its sixteenth year of operation, much surpassing its design life of two years. One of the sources which Odin has observed in great detail is the Sgr A Complex in the centre of the Milky Way. Aims. To study the presence of NH3 in the Galactic Centre and spiral arms. Methods. Recently, Odin has made complementary observations of the 572 GHz NH3 line towards the Sgr A +50 km/s Cloud and Circumnuclear Disk (CND). Results. Significant NH3 emission has been observed in both the +50 km/s Cloud and the CND. Clear NH3 absorption has also been detected in many of the spiral arm features along the line of sight from the Sun to the core of our Galaxy. Conclusions. The very large velocity width (80 km/s) of the NH3 emission associated with the shock region in the southwestern part of the CND may suggest a formation/desorption scenario similar to that of gas-phase H2O in shocks/outflows., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables

This research introduces attitude towards the endorsement as a mediating variable in the relationships between celebrity source and endorsement factors and brand attitude. It also includes perceived celebrity motive, a variable rarely studied in the previous literature, as an endorsement factor. In a survey study, respondents evaluated four celebrity endorsement campaigns. Mediation analyses show that attitude towards the endorsement mediates the effects of three variables on brand attitude; these variables are celebrity expertise, celebritybrand fit, and perceived celebrity motive. Moreover, results show that if consumers perceive that the celebrity was motivated to do the endorsement not only by money but also by product quality, this has a significant positive effect on attitude towards the brand.

This research introduces attitude towards the endorsement as a mediating variable in the relationships between celebrity source and endorsement factors and brand attitude. It also includes perceived celebrity motive, a variable rarely studied in the previous literature, as an endorsement factor. In a survey study, respondents evaluated four celebrity endorsement campaigns. Mediation analyses show that attitude towards the endorsement mediates the effects of three variables on brand attitude; these variables are celebrity expertise, celebritybrand fit, and perceived celebrity motive. Moreover, results show that if consumers perceive that the celebrity was motivated to do the endorsement not only by money but also by product quality, this has a significant positive effect on attitude towards the brand.

The apparition of bright comets C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) and C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) in March-April 2013 and January 2015, combined with the improved observational capabilities of submillimeter facilities, offered an opportunity to carry out sensitive compositional and isotopic studies of the volatiles in their coma. We observed comet Lovejoy with the IRAM 30 m telescope between 13 and 26 January 2015, and with the Odin submillimeter space observatory on 29 January-3 February 2015. We detected 22 molecules and several isotopologues. The (H2O)-O-16 and (H2O)-O-18 production rates measured with Odin follow a periodic pattern with a period of 0.94 days and an amplitude of similar to 25%. The inferred isotope ratios in comet Lovejoy are O-16/O-18 = 499 +/- 24 and D/H = 1.4 +/- 0.4 x 10(-4) in water, S-32/S-34 = 24.7 +/- 3.5 in CS, all compatible with terrestrial values. The ratio C-12/C-13 = 109 +/- 14 in HCN is marginally higher than terrestrial and N-14/N-15 = 145 +/- 12 in HCN is half the Earth ratio. Several upper limits for D/H or C-12/C-13 in other molecules are reported. From our observation of HDO in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy), we report the first D/H ratio in an Oort Cloud comet that is not larger than the terrestrial value. On the other hand, the observation of the same HDO line in the other Oort-cloud comet, C/2012 F6 (Lemmon), suggests a D/H value four times higher. Given the previous measurements of D/H in cometary water, this illustrates that a diversity in the D/H ratio and in the chemical composition, is present even within the same dynamical group of comets, suggesting that current dynamical groups contain comets formed at very different places or times in the early solar system.

This research introduces attitude towards the endorsement as a mediating variable in the relationships between celebrity source and endorsement factors and brand attitude. It also includes perceived celebrity motive, a variable rarely studied in the previous literature, as an endorsement factor. In a survey study, respondents evaluated four celebrity endorsement campaigns. Mediation analyses show that attitude towards the endorsement mediates the effects of three variables on brand attitude; these variables are celebrity expertise, celebritybrand fit, and perceived celebrity motive. Moreover, results show that if consumers perceive that the celebrity was motivated to do the endorsement not only by money but also by product quality, this has a significant positive effect on attitude towards the brand.

The apparition of bright comets C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) and C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) in March-April 2013 and January 2015, combined with the improved observational capabilities of submillimeter facilities, offered an opportunity to carry out sensitive compositional and isotopic studies of the volatiles in their coma. We observed comet Lovejoy with the IRAM 30m telescope between 13 and 26 January 2015, and with the Odin submillimeter space observatory on 29 January - 3 February 2015. We detected 22 molecules and several isotopologues. The H$_2^{16}$O and H$_2^{18}$O production rates measured with Odin follow a periodic pattern with a period of 0.94 days and an amplitude of ~25%. The inferred isotope ratios in comet Lovejoy are $^{16}$O/$^{18}$O = 499 $\pm$ 24 and D/H = 1.4 $\pm$ 0.4 $\times 10^{-4}$ in water, $^{32}$S/$^{34}$S = 24.7 $\pm$ 3.5 in CS, all compatible with terrestrial values. The ratio $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C = 109 $\pm$ 14 in HCN is marginally higher than terrestrial and $^{14}$N/$^{15}$N = 145 $\pm$ 12 in HCN is half the Earth ratio. Several upper limits for D/H or 12C/13C in other molecules are reported. From our observation of HDO in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy), we report the first D/H ratio in an Oort Cloud comet that is not larger than the terrestrial value. On the other hand, the observation of the same HDO line in the other Oort-cloud comet, C/2012 F6 (Lemmon), suggests a D/H value four times higher. Given the previous measurements of D/H in cometary water, this illustrates that a diversity in the D/H ratio and in the chemical composition, is present even within the same dynamical group of comets, suggesting that current dynamical groups contain comets formed at very different places or times in the early solar system., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

This research introduces attitude towards the endorsement as a mediating variable in the relationships between celebrity source and endorsement factors and brand attitude. It also includes perceived celebrity motive, a variable rarely studied in the previous literature, as an endorsement factor. In a survey study, respondents evaluated four celebrity endorsement campaigns. Mediation analyses show that attitude towards the endorsement mediates the effects of three variables on brand attitude; these variables are celebrity expertise, celebritybrand fit, and perceived celebrity motive. Moreover, results show that if consumers perceive that the celebrity was motivated to do the endorsement not only by money but also by product quality, this has a significant positive effect on attitude towards the brand.

The apparition of bright comets C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) and C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) in March-April 2013 and January 2015, combined with the improved observational capabilities of submillimeter facilities, offered an opportunity to carry out sensitive compositional and isotopic studies of the volatiles in their coma. We observed comet Lovejoy with the IRAM 30m telescope between 13 and 26 January 2015, and with the Odin submillimeter space observatory on 29 January - 3 February 2015. We detected 22 molecules and several isotopologues. The H$_2^{16}$O and H$_2^{18}$O production rates measured with Odin follow a periodic pattern with a period of 0.94 days and an amplitude of ~25%. The inferred isotope ratios in comet Lovejoy are $^{16}$O/$^{18}$O = 499 $\pm$ 24 and D/H = 1.4 $\pm$ 0.4 $\times 10^{-4}$ in water, $^{32}$S/$^{34}$S = 24.7 $\pm$ 3.5 in CS, all compatible with terrestrial values. The ratio $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C = 109 $\pm$ 14 in HCN is marginally higher than terrestrial and $^{14}$N/$^{15}$N = 145 $\pm$ 12 in HCN is half the Earth ratio. Several upper limits for D/H or 12C/13C in other molecules are reported. From our observation of HDO in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy), we report the first D/H ratio in an Oort Cloud comet that is not larger than the terrestrial value. On the other hand, the observation of the same HDO line in the other Oort-cloud comet, C/2012 F6 (Lemmon), suggests a D/H value four times higher. Given the previous measurements of D/H in cometary water, this illustrates that a diversity in the D/H ratio and in the chemical composition, is present even within the same dynamical group of comets, suggesting that current dynamical groups contain comets formed at very different places or times in the early solar system., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

This research introduces attitude towards the endorsement as a mediating variable in the relationships between celebrity source and endorsement factors and brand attitude. It also includes perceived celebrity motive, a variable rarely studied in the previous literature, as an endorsement factor. In a survey study, respondents evaluated four celebrity endorsement campaigns. Mediation analyses show that attitude towards the endorsement mediates the effects of three variables on brand attitude; these variables are celebrity expertise, celebritybrand fit, and perceived celebrity motive. Moreover, results show that if consumers perceive that the celebrity was motivated to do the endorsement not only by money but also by product quality, this has a significant positive effect on attitude towards the brand.

Background: Depression and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are associated with persistent stress and autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. The former can be measured by pressure pain sensitivity (PPS) of the sternum, and the latter by the PPS and systolic blood pressure (SBP) response to a tilt table test (TTT). Beta-blocker treatment reduces the efferent beta-adrenergic ANS function, and thus, the physiological stress response. Objective: To test the effect of beta-blockers on changes in depression score in patients with IHD, as well as the influence on persistent stress and ANS dysfunction. Methods: Three months of non-pharmacological intervention aiming at reducing PPS and depression score in patients with stable IHD. Beta-blocker users (N = 102) were compared with non-users (N = 75), with respect to signs of depression measured by the Major Depressive Inventory questionnaire (MDI), resting PPS, and PPS and SBP response to TTT. Results: MDI score decreased 30% in non-users (p = 0.005) compared to 4% (p > 0.1) among users (between-group p = 0.003; effect size = 0.4). Resting PPS decreased in both the groups. Among most vulnerable patients with MDI ≥ 15, reductions in MDI score and resting PPS score correlated in non-users, only (r = 0.69, p = 0.007). Reduction in resting PPS correlated with an increase in PPS and SBP response to TTT. Conclusions: Stress intervention in patients with IHD was anti-depres- sive in non-users, only. Similarly, the association between the reduction in depression, reduction in persistent stress, and restoration of ANS dysfunction was only seen in non-users, suggesting a central role of beta-adrenergic receptors in the association between these factors.

This research introduces attitude towards the endorsement as a mediating variable in the relationships between celebrity source and endorsement factors and brand attitude. It also includes perceived celebrity motive, a variable rarely studied in the previous literature, as an endorsement factor. In a survey study, respondents evaluated four celebrity endorsement campaigns. Mediation analyses show that attitude towards the endorsement mediates the effects of three variables on brand attitude; these variables are celebrity expertise, celebritybrand fit, and perceived celebrity motive. Moreover, results show that if consumers perceive that the celebrity was motivated to do the endorsement not only by money but also by product quality, this has a significant positive effect on attitude towards the brand.

Background: Depression and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are associated with persistent stress and autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. The former can be measured by pressure pain sensitivity (PPS) of the sternum, and the latter by the PPS and systolic blood pressure (SBP) response to a tilt table test (TTT). Beta-blocker treatment reduces the efferent beta-adrenergic ANS function, and thus, the physiological stress response. Objective: To test the effect of beta-blockers on changes in depression score in patients with IHD, as well as the influence on persistent stress and ANS dysfunction. Methods: Three months of non-pharmacological intervention aiming at reducing PPS and depression score in patients with stable IHD. Beta-blocker users (N = 102) were compared with non-users (N = 75), with respect to signs of depression measured by the Major Depressive Inventory questionnaire (MDI), resting PPS, and PPS and SBP response to TTT. Results: MDI score decreased 30% in non-users (p = 0.005) compared to 4% (p > 0.1) among users (between-group p = 0.003; effect size = 0.4). Resting PPS decreased in both the groups. Among most vulnerable patients with MDI ≥ 15, reductions in MDI score and resting PPS score correlated in non-users, only (r = 0.69, p = 0.007). Reduction in resting PPS correlated with an increase in PPS and SBP response to TTT. Conclusions: Stress intervention in patients with IHD was anti-depres- sive in non-users, only. Similarly, the association between the reduction in depression, reduction in persistent stress, and restoration of ANS dysfunction was only seen in non-users, suggesting a central role of beta-adrenergic receptors in the association between these factors.

The aim was to analyze the home care workers’ movement patterns and postures of their backs, relating them to risks while helping an ambulatory care recipient to/from the toilet in a homelike environment. We found severe risks of unpredictable movements with exposed postures could explain many injuries. Because of high risk injuries, we suggest decreasing the time when the care recipient stands and the home care worker helps with clothing and personal hygiene. Another suggestion to decrease high risk is development of support in front of the recipient to prevent her/him falling forward., Updated from accepted to published. QC 20151116

Context: The Herschel Oxygen Project (HOP) is an open time key program, awarded 140 h of observing time to search for molecular oxygen (O-2) in a number of interstellar sources. To date O-2 has definitely been detected in only two sources, namely rho Oph A and Orion, reflecting the extremely low abundance of O-2 in the interstellar medium. Aims: One of the sources in the HOP program is the + 50 km s(-1) Cloud in the Sgr A Complex in the centre of the Milky Way. Its environment is unique in the Galaxy and this property is investigated to see if it is conducive to the presence of O-2. Methods. The Herschel Heterodyne Instrument for the Far Infrared (HIFI) is used to search for the 487 and 774 GHz emission lines of O-2. Results: No O-2 emission is detected towards the Sgr A + 50 km s(-1) Cloud, but a number of strong emission lines of methanol (CH3OH) and absorption lines of chloronium (H2Cl+) are observed. Conclusions: A 3 sigma upper limit for the fractional abundance ratio of [O-2]/[H-2] in the Sgr A + 50 km s(-1) Cloud is found to be X(O-2) <= 5x 10(-8). However, since we can find no other realistic molecular candidate than O-2 itself, we very tentatively suggest that two weak absorption lines at 487.261 and 487.302 GHz may be caused by the 487 GHz line of O-2 in two foreground spiral arm clouds. By considering that the absorption may only be apparent, the estimated upper limit to the O-2 abundance of <=(10-20) x 10(-6) in these foreground clouds is very high, as opposed to the upper limit in the Sgr A + 50 km s(-1) Cloud itself, but similar to what has been reached in recent chemical shock models for Orion. This abundance limit was determined also using Odin non-detection limits, and assumes that O-2 fills the beam. If the absorption is due to a differential Herschel OFF-ON emission, the O-2 fractional abundance may be of the order of approximate to(5-10) x 10 (6). With the assumption of pure absorption by foreground clouds, the unreasonably high abundance o

[Abridged] Our aim is to explore the gas dynamics and the accretion process in the early phase of high-mass star formation. The inward motion of molecular gas in the massive star forming region G34.26+0.15 is investigated by using high-resolution profiles of seven transitions of ammonia at THz frequencies observed with Herschel-HIFI. The shapes and intensities of these lines are interpreted in terms of radiative transfer models of a spherical, collapsing molecular envelope. An accelerated Lambda Iteration (ALI) method is used to compute the models. The seven ammonia lines show mixed absorption and emission with inverse P-Cygni-type profiles that suggest infall onto the central source. A trend toward absorption at increasingly higher velocities for higher excitation transitions is clearly seen in the line profiles. The $J = 3\leftarrow2$ lines show only very weak emission, so these absorption profiles can be used directly to analyze the inward motion of the gas. This is the first time a multitransitional study of spectrally resolved rotational ammonia lines has been used for this purpose. Broad emission is, in addition, mixed with the absorption in the $1_0-0_0$ ortho-NH$_3$ line, possibly tracing a molecular outflow from the star forming region. The best-fitting ALI model reproduces the continuum fluxes and line profiles, but slightly underpredicts the emission and absorption depth in the ground-state ortho line $1_0-0_0$. The derived ortho-to-para ratio is approximately 0.5 throughout the infalling cloud core similar to recent findings for translucent clouds in sight lines toward W31C and W49N. We find evidence of two gas components moving inwards toward the central region with constant velocities: 2.7 and 5.3 km$\,$s$^{-1}$, relative to the source systemic velocity. The inferred mass accretion rates derived are sufficient to overcome the expected radiation pressure from G34.26+0.15., Comment: 20 pages, 18 figures, accepted by A&A 3 October 2015

To date O2 has definitely been detected in only two sources, namely rho Oph A and Orion, reflecting the extremely low abundance of O2 in the interstellar medium. One of the sources in the HOP program is the +50 km/s Cloud in the Sgr A Complex in the centre of the Milky Way. The Herschel HIFI is used to search for the 487 and 774 GHz emission lines of O2. No O2 emission is detected towards the Sgr A +50 km/s Cloud, but a number of strong emission lines of methanol (CH3OH) and absorption lines of chloronium (H2Cl+) are observed. A 3 sigma upper limit for the fractional abundance ratio of (O2)/(H2) in the Sgr A +50 km/s Cloud is found to be X(O2) less than 5 x 10(-8). However, since we can find no other realistic molecular candidate than O2 itself, we very tentatively suggest that two weak absorption lines at 487.261 and 487.302 GHz may be caused by the 487 GHz line of O2 in two foreground spiral arm clouds. By considering that the absorption may only be apparent, the estimated upper limit to the O2 abundance of less than (10-20) x 10(-6) in these foreground clouds is very high. This abundance limit was determined also using Odin non-detection limits. If the absorption is due to a differential Herschel OFF-ON emission, the O2 fractional abundance may be of the order of (5-10) x 10(-6). With the assumption of pure absorption by foreground clouds, the unreasonably high abundance of (1.4-2.8) x 10(-4) was obtained. The rotation temperatures for CH3OH-A and CH3OH-E lines in the +50 km/s Cloud are found to be 64 and 79 K, respectively, and the fractional abundance of CH3OH is approximately 5 x 10(-7)., Comment: Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics, 11 pages, 12 figures

The aim of the study is to investigate how social workers relate to the self-determination in cases that involve people who have dementia. To investigate this we have chosen to build a qualitative study. The study is based on four interviews with social workers in elderly care in Sweden. To analyze our material we chose the concept autonomy, and legal texts from the Social Services Act (SFS 2001: 453) and Parental code (SFS 1949: 381). Our results show that social workers are often forced to deviate from the law and guidelines to ensure the best for the person with dementia. Social workers justified their actions by arguing that what they did was in, or in line with the persons best interest. The person’s self-determination is left to stand back in some emergency cases where social workers cannot stand by and watch as the clients suffer. It was also shown that the administration process is often more extensive in cases involving people who have dementia than people who do not have dementia. The reason for this is that there are several elements that social workers must take into consideration, among other things, determining if there is a dementia diagnosis and if a legal guardian application should be made. It was also brought to light that social workers often have to spend more time on motivating the person with dementia to receive support. This motivation the interviewees called to coax, which can be seen as another word for persuasion. This is done although the law says that the client should have self-determination.

The aim of the study is to investigate how social workers relate to the self-determination in cases that involve people who have dementia. To investigate this we have chosen to build a qualitative study. The study is based on four interviews with social workers in elderly care in Sweden. To analyze our material we chose the concept autonomy, and legal texts from the Social Services Act (SFS 2001: 453) and Parental code (SFS 1949: 381). Our results show that social workers are often forced to deviate from the law and guidelines to ensure the best for the person with dementia. Social workers justified their actions by arguing that what they did was in, or in line with the persons best interest. The person’s self-determination is left to stand back in some emergency cases where social workers cannot stand by and watch as the clients suffer. It was also shown that the administration process is often more extensive in cases involving people who have dementia than people who do not have dementia. The reason for this is that there are several elements that social workers must take into consideration, among other things, determining if there is a dementia diagnosis and if a legal guardian application should be made. It was also brought to light that social workers often have to spend more time on motivating the person with dementia to receive support. This motivation the interviewees called to coax, which can be seen as another word for persuasion. This is done although the law says that the client should have self-determination.

In the folate cycle MTHFD1, encoded by MTHFD1, is a trifunctional enzyme containing 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase activity. To date, only one patient with MTHFD1 deficiency, presenting with hyperhomocysteinemia, megaloblastic anaemia, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and severe combined immunodeficiency, has been identified (Watkins et al J Med Genet 48:590-2, 2011). We now describe four additional patients from two different families. The second patient presented with hyperhomocysteinemia, megaloblastic anaemia, HUS, microangiopathy and retinopathy; all except the retinopathy resolved after treatment with hydroxocobalamin, betaine and folinic acid. The third patient developed megaloblastic anaemia, infection, autoimmune disease and moderate liver fibrosis but not hyperhomocysteinemia, and was successfully treated with a regime that included and was eventually reduced to folic acid. The other two, elder siblings of the third patient, died at 9 weeks of age with megaloblastic anaemia, infection and severe acidosis and had MTFHD1 deficiency diagnosed retrospectively. We identified a missense mutation (c.806C > T, p.Thr296Ile) and a splice site mutation (c.1674G > A) leading to exon skipping in the second patient, while the other three harboured a missense mutation (c.146C > T, p.Ser49Phe) and a premature stop mutation (c.673G > T, p.Glu225*), all of which were novel. Patient fibroblast studies revealed severely reduced methionine formation from [(14)C]-formate, which did not increase in cobalamin supplemented culture medium but was responsive to folic and folinic acid. These additional cases increase the clinical spectrum of this intriguing defect, provide in vitro evidence of disturbed methionine synthesis and substantiate the effectiveness of folic or folinic acid treatment.

[Abridged] Our aim is to explore the gas dynamics and the accretion process in the early phase of high-mass star formation. The inward motion of molecular gas in the massive star forming region G34.26+0.15 is investigated by using high-resolution profiles of seven transitions of ammonia at THz frequencies observed with Herschel-HIFI. The shapes and intensities of these lines are interpreted in terms of radiative transfer models of a spherical, collapsing molecular envelope. An accelerated Lambda Iteration (ALI) method is used to compute the models. The seven ammonia lines show mixed absorption and emission with inverse P-Cygni-type profiles that suggest infall onto the central source. A trend toward absorption at increasingly higher velocities for higher excitation transitions is clearly seen in the line profiles. The $J = 3\leftarrow2$ lines show only very weak emission, so these absorption profiles can be used directly to analyze the inward motion of the gas. This is the first time a multitransitional study of spectrally resolved rotational ammonia lines has been used for this purpose. Broad emission is, in addition, mixed with the absorption in the $1_0-0_0$ ortho-NH$_3$ line, possibly tracing a molecular outflow from the star forming region. The best-fitting ALI model reproduces the continuum fluxes and line profiles, but slightly underpredicts the emission and absorption depth in the ground-state ortho line $1_0-0_0$. The derived ortho-to-para ratio is approximately 0.5 throughout the infalling cloud core similar to recent findings for translucent clouds in sight lines toward W31C and W49N. We find evidence of two gas components moving inwards toward the central region with constant velocities: 2.7 and 5.3 km$\,$s$^{-1}$, relative to the source systemic velocity. The inferred mass accretion rates derived are sufficient to overcome the expected radiation pressure from G34.26+0.15., Comment: 20 pages, 18 figures, accepted by A&A 3 October 2015

To date O2 has definitely been detected in only two sources, namely rho Oph A and Orion, reflecting the extremely low abundance of O2 in the interstellar medium. One of the sources in the HOP program is the +50 km/s Cloud in the Sgr A Complex in the centre of the Milky Way. The Herschel HIFI is used to search for the 487 and 774 GHz emission lines of O2. No O2 emission is detected towards the Sgr A +50 km/s Cloud, but a number of strong emission lines of methanol (CH3OH) and absorption lines of chloronium (H2Cl+) are observed. A 3 sigma upper limit for the fractional abundance ratio of (O2)/(H2) in the Sgr A +50 km/s Cloud is found to be X(O2) less than 5 x 10(-8). However, since we can find no other realistic molecular candidate than O2 itself, we very tentatively suggest that two weak absorption lines at 487.261 and 487.302 GHz may be caused by the 487 GHz line of O2 in two foreground spiral arm clouds. By considering that the absorption may only be apparent, the estimated upper limit to the O2 abundance of less than (10-20) x 10(-6) in these foreground clouds is very high. This abundance limit was determined also using Odin non-detection limits. If the absorption is due to a differential Herschel OFF-ON emission, the O2 fractional abundance may be of the order of (5-10) x 10(-6). With the assumption of pure absorption by foreground clouds, the unreasonably high abundance of (1.4-2.8) x 10(-4) was obtained. The rotation temperatures for CH3OH-A and CH3OH-E lines in the +50 km/s Cloud are found to be 64 and 79 K, respectively, and the fractional abundance of CH3OH is approximately 5 x 10(-7)., Comment: Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics, 11 pages, 12 figures

BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that pressure sensitivity of the sternum (PPS) is associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS) function as assessed by tilt table test (TTT). in patients with stable ischemic heart disease.OBJECTIVES: (1) To evaluate an association between PPS and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) responses to TTT; and (2) to test the hypothesis that a reduction of resting PPS raises the PPS, SBP and HR responses to TTT response and lowers risk factors for ANS dysfunction (ANSD).METHODS: Cross-sectional study: In 361 patients with stable ischemic heart disease we measured PPS, SBP, and HR during TTT. Intervention study: We reassessed subjects with persistent stress who concluded a stress intervention trial by a second TTT.RESULTS: Cross-sectional study: Resting PPS and the PPS response to TTT were correlated (r = - 0.37). The PPS response to TTT was correlated with that of SBP (r = 0.44) and HR (r = 0.49), and with the number of risk factors for ANSD (r = - 0.21) (all p < 0.0001). Intervention study: A reduction in resting PPS was associated with an increment in PPS response to TTT (r = - 0.52, p < 0.0001). The greater this increment, the greater was the reduction in ANSD risk factors (r = - 0.23; p = 0.003).CONCLUSION: The results are consistent with the hypothesis that PPS at rest and in response to TTT reflects ANS function.

Purpose: To develop assistive technology that would help an older person to arise from a kneeling position to a standing one. Methods: Developing a prototype, based on an inclusive design and then testing the prototype to verify the approach. The prototype was subsequently tested by a panel of 20 elderly users. These tests were observed and filmed. Participants' experiences of being lifted with the elevation seat were registered with the VIDAR ergonomic assessment system. Result: None of the 20 participants used a walker at that time. In response to a question of whether, assuming they might have to use a walker in the future, they thought that a walker with an elevating seat would be helpful, 18 said that it would. Two of the participants did not believe that they would ever have to use a walker. Conclusion: A simple assistive technology such as a walker equipped with an elevating seat would in many of these cases simplify matters and reduce the distress of people who fall often. In addition, such a device can allow people who fall often to live in their homes longer. For caregivers dealing frequently with people who fall, this assistive device can contribute to decreasing occupational injuries., QC 20140618

The home should represent safety and security for the person who lives there, and this is an important factor for independence and autonomy in very old age. With aging populations, the needs for long-term care increase, care provided by spouses and/or from the growing home care sector. Injuries among these groups are common. In this study, an ergonomics perspective was applied in the analysis of some basic daily activities performed by old persons and by home care workers, assisting. The postures and movements of home care staff assisting at toilet visits, and transferring persons from wheelchair to toilet, were measured and analysed. Some daily activities related to making food and washing clothes, performed by a group of persons between the age of 75 and 100, were measured and analysed. The task of getting up from the floor – on your own and with the help of a walker equipped with a lifting device – was analysed with the help of older persons and nursing staff. The design was built on the knowledge gained from analysing how older people get up from floor. Requirements for access with a four-wheeled walker in the local built environment were investigated. Observations were made with the help of video recording. Postures were recorded with the CUELA measurement system. The VIDAR ergonomics evaluation instrument was used to register the participants’ experiences of discomfort and pain during getting up from the floor with or without the walker with a lifting device. Structured interviews were used to find out about older peoples’ experience of using the four-wheel walker. It is concluded that ageing at home requires improved architectural and technical bathroom design and improved access in the local built environment., QC 20140124

The home should represent safety and security for the person who lives there, and this is an important factor for independence and autonomy in very old age. With aging populations, the needs for long-term care increase, care provided by spouses and/or from the growing home care sector. Injuries among these groups are common. In this study, an ergonomics perspective was applied in the analysis of some basic daily activities performed by old persons and by home care workers, assisting. The postures and movements of home care staff assisting at toilet visits, and transferring persons from wheelchair to toilet, were measured and analysed. Some daily activities related to making food and washing clothes, performed by a group of persons between the age of 75 and 100, were measured and analysed. The task of getting up from the floor – on your own and with the help of a walker equipped with a lifting device – was analysed with the help of older persons and nursing staff. The design was built on the knowledge gained from analysing how older people get up from floor. Requirements for access with a four-wheeled walker in the local built environment were investigated. Observations were made with the help of video recording. Postures were recorded with the CUELA measurement system. The VIDAR ergonomics evaluation instrument was used to register the participants’ experiences of discomfort and pain during getting up from the floor with or without the walker with a lifting device. Structured interviews were used to find out about older peoples’ experience of using the four-wheel walker. It is concluded that ageing at home requires improved architectural and technical bathroom design and improved access in the local built environment., QC 20140124

Contains fulltext : 133247.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

We observed Hydroxyl, water, ammonia, carbon monoxide and neutral carbon towards the +50 km s−1 cloud (M−0.02−0.07), the circumnuclear disk (CND) and the +20 km s−1 (M−0.13−0.08) cloud in the Sgr A complex with the VLA, Odin and SEST. Strong OH absorption, H2O emission and absorption lines were seen at all three positions. Strong C18O emissions were seen towards the +50 and +20 km s−1 clouds. The CND is rich in H2O and OH, and these abundances are considerably higher than in the surrounding clouds, indicating that shocks, star formation and clump collisions prevail in those objects. A comparison with the literature reveals that it is likely that PDR chemistry including grain surface reactions, and perhaps also the influences of shocks has led to the observed abundances of the observed molecular species studied here. In the redward high-velocity line wings of both the +50 and +20 km s−1 clouds and the CND, the very high H2O abundances are suggested to be caused by the combined action of shock desorption from icy grain mantles and high-temperature, gas-phase shock chemistry. Only three of the molecules are briefly discussed here. For OH and H2O three of the nine observed positions are shown, while a map of the C18O emission is provided. An extensive paper was recently published with Open Access (Karlsson et al. 2013, A&A 554, A141).

We report observations of molecular oxygen (O$_2$) rotational transitions at 487 GHz, 774 GHz, and 1121 GHz toward Orion Peak A. The O2 lines at 487 GHz and 774 GHz are detected at velocities of 10-12 km/s with line widths 3 km/s; however, the transition at 1121 GHz is not detected. The observed line characteristics, combined with the results of earlier observations, suggest that the region responsible for the O$_2$ emission is 9" (6e16 cm) in size, and is located close to the H2 Peak 1position (where vibrationally-excited H$_2$ emission peaks), and not at Peak A, 23" away. The peak O2 column density is 1.1e18/cm2. The line velocity is close to that of 621 GHz water maser emission found in this portion of the Orion Molecular Cloud, and having a shock with velocity vector lying nearly in the plane of the sky is consistent with producing maximum maser gain along the line-of-sight. The enhanced O$_2$ abundance compared to that generally found in dense interstellar clouds can be explained by passage of a low-velocity C-shock through a clump with preshock density 2e4/cm3, if a reasonable flux of UV radiation is present. The postshock O$_2$ can explain the emission from the source if its line of sight dimension is ~10 times larger than its size on the plane of the sky. The special geometry and conditions required may explain why O$_2$ emission has not been detected in the cores of other massive star-forming molecular clouds., Comment: 28 pages, 13 figures