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Synaptic plasticity is an important mechanism that underlies learning and cognition. Protein phosphorylation by kinases and dephosphorylation by phosphatases play critical roles in the activity-dependent alteration of synaptic plasticity. In this study, we report that Wip1, a protein phosphatase, is essential for long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) processes. Wip1-deletion suppresses LTP and enhances LTD in the hippocampus CA1 area. Wip1 deficiency-induced aberrant elevation of CaMKII T286/287 and T305 phosphorylation underlies these dysfunctions. Moreover, we showed that Wip1 modulates CaMKII dephosphorylation. Wip1−/− mice exhibit abnormal GluR1 membrane expression, which could be reversed by the application of a CaMKII inhibitor, indicating that Wip1/CaMKII signaling is crucial for synaptic plasticity. Together, our results demonstrate that Wip1 phosphatase plays a vital role in regulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity by modulating the phosphorylation of CaMKII.

The main objective of this project is design and doing an economic study of an automated warehouse and a conventional one. A Spanish company provides the data for the calculation of the warehouse. Taking into account: demand, seasonality, product features, dimensions of the pallets, etc.. First step is to calculate the conventional warehouse, the sizing of the silo, reception area and area of expedition. The sizing of the picking area, the required number of docks and the number of operators for each area are also calculated. The second important block of the project consists on sizing the automated warehouse, dimensions of the silo and the areas of reception and expedition are calculated. It is also calculated the size of the picking area, the number of shuttles that will be needed in the silo and the number of docks. Last step is to make a budget for each warehouse and see the behavior for a period of 20 years then decide which warehouse it would be better from the economic point of view. For doing the economic study three methods will be used: · Pay-Back · NPV · IRR Finally the automated warehouse, despite of being more expensive to implement, their operational costs are much lower than the conventional one so finally the automated warehouse will be more profitable than the conventional warehouse.

Background: Translational errors can result in bypassing of the main viral protein reading frames and the production of alternate reading frame (ARF) or cryptic peptides. Within HIV, there are many such ARFs in both sense and the antisense directions of tr

Background: Translational errors can result in bypassing of the main viral protein reading frames and the production of alternate reading frame (ARF) or cryptic peptides. Within HIV, there are many such ARFs in both sense and the antisense directions of tr

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language sources are translated; those from English-language sources are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and other characteristics retained. This report from China contains articles on Economic Affairs.