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19 results on '"Humphries O"'

1. Visualizing plasmons and ultrafast kinetic instabilities in laser-driven solids using X-ray scattering

Author

(0009-0007-5067-7326) Ordyna, P., Bähtz, C., (0009-0004-2404-9412) Brambrink, E., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., Göde, S., Grenzer, J., (0000-0002-0051-8542) Gutt, C., Höppner, H., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Hübner, U., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0009-0005-6873-8292) Edward Marré, B., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., (0000-0002-9933-3248) Miethlinger, T., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., Öztürk, Ö., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., (0009-0001-0047-1051) Paschke-Brühl, F.-L., (0009-0001-3308-5376) Pelka, A., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., (0000-0001-9587-404X) Randolph, L., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Šmíd, M., (0000-0001-5007-1868) Starke, S., (0000-0002-4195-2038) Štefaníková, R., Thiessenhusen, E., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0009-0007-5067-7326) Ordyna, P., Bähtz, C., (0009-0004-2404-9412) Brambrink, E., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., Göde, S., Grenzer, J., (0000-0002-0051-8542) Gutt, C., Höppner, H., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Hübner, U., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0009-0005-6873-8292) Edward Marré, B., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., (0000-0002-9933-3248) Miethlinger, T., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., Öztürk, Ö., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., (0009-0001-0047-1051) Paschke-Brühl, F.-L., (0009-0001-3308-5376) Pelka, A., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., (0000-0001-9587-404X) Randolph, L., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Šmíd, M., (0000-0001-5007-1868) Starke, S., (0000-0002-4195-2038) Štefaníková, R., Thiessenhusen, E., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., and (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T.

Abstract

Ultra-intense lasers that ionize atoms and accelerate electrons in solids to near the speed of light can lead to kinetic instabilities that alter the laser absorption and subsequent electron transport, isochoric heating, and ion acceleration. These instabilities can be difficult to characterize, but X-ray scattering at keV photon energies allows for their visualization with femtosecond temporal resolution on the few nanometer mesoscale. Here, we perform such experiment on laser-driven flat silicon membranes that shows the development of structure with a dominant scale of 60 nm in the plane of the laser axis and laser polarization, and 95 nm in the vertical direction with a growth rate faster than 0.1 fs−1 . Combining the XFEL experiments with simulations provides a complete picture of the structural evolution of ultra-fast laser-induced plasma density development, indicating the excita- tion of plasmons and a filamentation instability. Particle-in-cell simulations confirm that these signals are due to an oblique two-stream filamentation instability. These findings provide new insight into ultra-fast instability and heating processes in solids under extreme conditions at the nanometer level with possible implications for laser particle acceleration, inertial confinement fusion, and laboratory astrophysics.

Published
2024

2. Release dynamics of nanodiamonds created by laser-driven shock-compression of polyethylene terephthalate

Author

(0000-0001-6363-1780) Heuser, B., Bergermann, A., Stevenson, M. G., Ranjan, D., He, Z., Lütgert, J., Schumacher, S., Bethkenhagen, M., Descamps, A., Galtier, E., Gleason, A. E., Khaghani, D., Glenn, G. D., Cunningham, E. F., Glenzer, S. H., Hartley, N. J., Hernandez, J.-A., Humphries, O. S., Katagiri, K., Ja Lee, H., McBride, E. E., Miyanishi, K., Nagler, B., Ofori-Okai, B., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Qu, C., Thomas May, P., Redmer, R., Schoenwaelder, C., Sueda, K., Yabuuchi, T., Yabashi, M., Lukic, B., Rack, A., Zinta, L. M. V., Vinci, T., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Ravasio, A., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0001-6363-1780) Heuser, B., Bergermann, A., Stevenson, M. G., Ranjan, D., He, Z., Lütgert, J., Schumacher, S., Bethkenhagen, M., Descamps, A., Galtier, E., Gleason, A. E., Khaghani, D., Glenn, G. D., Cunningham, E. F., Glenzer, S. H., Hartley, N. J., Hernandez, J.-A., Humphries, O. S., Katagiri, K., Ja Lee, H., McBride, E. E., Miyanishi, K., Nagler, B., Ofori-Okai, B., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Qu, C., Thomas May, P., Redmer, R., Schoenwaelder, C., Sueda, K., Yabuuchi, T., Yabashi, M., Lukic, B., Rack, A., Zinta, L. M. V., Vinci, T., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Ravasio, A., and (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D.

Abstract

Laser-driven dynamic compression experiments of plastic materials have found surprisingly fast formation of nanodiamonds (ND) via X-ray probing. This mechanism is relevant for planetary models, but could also open efficient synthesis routes for tailored NDs. We investigate the release mechanics of compressed NDs by molecular dynamics simulation of the isotropic expansion of finite size diamond from different P-T states. Analysing the structural integrity along different release paths via molecular dynamic simulations, we found substantial disintegration rates upon shock release, increasing with the on-Hugnoiot shock temperature. We also find that recrystallization can occur after the expansion and hence during the release, depending on subsequent cooling mechanisms. Our study suggests higher ND recovery rates from off-Hugoniot states, e.g., via double-shocks, due to faster cooling. Laser-driven shock compression experiments of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) samples with in situ X-ray probing at the simulated conditions found diamond signal that persists up to 11 ns after breakout. In the diffraction pattern, we observed peak shifts, which we attribute to thermal expansion of the NDs and thus a total release of pressure, which indicates the stability of the released NDs.

Published
2024

3. Ultrahigh Resolution X-ray Thomson Scattering Measurements of Electronic Structures

Author

(0000-0001-9998-3606) Gawne, T. D., (0000-0002-9725-9208) Moldabekov, Z., Humphries, O. S., Appel, K., Bähtz, C., Bouffetier, V., Brambrink, E., (0000-0001-9162-262X) Cangi, A., Göde, S., Konôpková, Z., Makita, M., Mishchenko, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., Randolph, L., (0000-0002-4561-0158) Schwalbe, S., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., (0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T., Preston, T. R., (0000-0001-9998-3606) Gawne, T. D., (0000-0002-9725-9208) Moldabekov, Z., Humphries, O. S., Appel, K., Bähtz, C., Bouffetier, V., Brambrink, E., (0000-0001-9162-262X) Cangi, A., Göde, S., Konôpková, Z., Makita, M., Mishchenko, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., Randolph, L., (0000-0002-4561-0158) Schwalbe, S., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., (0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T., and Preston, T. R.

Abstract

Using a novel ultrahigh resolution (\Delta E ~ 0.1eV) setup to measure electronic features in x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) experiments at the European XFEL in Germany, we have studied the collective plasmon excitation in aluminium at ambient conditions, which we can measure very accurately even at low momentum transfers. As a result, we can resolve previously reported discrepancies between ab initio time-dependent density functional theory simulations and experimental observations. The demonstrated capability for high-resolution XRTS measurements will be a game changer for the diagnosis of experiments with matter under extreme densities, temperatures, and pressures, and unlock the full potential of state-of-the-art x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities to study planetary interior conditions, to understand inertial confinement fusion applications, and for material science and discovery.

Published
2024

4. Ion emission from warm dense matter produced by irradiation with a soft x-ray free-electron laser

Author

(0000-0002-3888-8370) Krása, J., (0000-0003-3982-9978) Burian, T., (0000-0002-0776-6012) Hájková, V., (0000-0001-6930-1774) Chalupský, J., (0000-0002-1999-811X) Jelínek, Š., (0000-0001-8743-9531) Frantálová, K., (0000-0003-0784-4145) Krupka, M., (0000-0002-5939-4097) Kuglerová, Z., (0000-0001-5754-2431) Kumar Singh, S., (0000-0002-5426-1519) Vozda, V., (0000-0002-8549-0859) Vyšín, L., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0002-2767-9995) Perez-Martin, P., (0009-0003-3427-3082) Kühlman, M., (0000-0002-4243-0282) Pintor, J., (0000-0002-8222-8038) Cikhardt, J., (0009-0008-0393-6580) Dreimann, M., Eckermann, D., Rosenthal, F., (0000-0003-1016-0975) Vinko, S. M., (0000-0002-2872-7223) Forte, A., (0000-0001-9998-3606) Gawne, T. D., (0000-0002-0104-1424) Campbell, T., Ren, S., (0000-0002-7723-2331) Shi, Y., (0000-0003-1882-3702) Hutchinson, T., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T., (0000-0003-1513-9198) Makita, M., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., (0000-0001-9759-1166) Köhler, A., (0000-0003-0713-5824) Harmand, M., (0009-0008-2136-7780) Toleikis, S., (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K., (0000-0003-4189-8753) Juha, L., (0000-0002-3888-8370) Krása, J., (0000-0003-3982-9978) Burian, T., (0000-0002-0776-6012) Hájková, V., (0000-0001-6930-1774) Chalupský, J., (0000-0002-1999-811X) Jelínek, Š., (0000-0001-8743-9531) Frantálová, K., (0000-0003-0784-4145) Krupka, M., (0000-0002-5939-4097) Kuglerová, Z., (0000-0001-5754-2431) Kumar Singh, S., (0000-0002-5426-1519) Vozda, V., (0000-0002-8549-0859) Vyšín, L., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0002-2767-9995) Perez-Martin, P., (0009-0003-3427-3082) Kühlman, M., (0000-0002-4243-0282) Pintor, J., (0000-0002-8222-8038) Cikhardt, J., (0009-0008-0393-6580) Dreimann, M., Eckermann, D., Rosenthal, F., (0000-0003-1016-0975) Vinko, S. M., (0000-0002-2872-7223) Forte, A., (0000-0001-9998-3606) Gawne, T. D., (0000-0002-0104-1424) Campbell, T., Ren, S., (0000-0002-7723-2331) Shi, Y., (0000-0003-1882-3702) Hutchinson, T., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T., (0000-0003-1513-9198) Makita, M., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., (0000-0001-9759-1166) Köhler, A., (0000-0003-0713-5824) Harmand, M., (0009-0008-2136-7780) Toleikis, S., (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K., and (0000-0003-4189-8753) Juha, L.

Abstract

We report on an experiment performed at the FLASH2 free-electron laser (FEL) aimed at producing warm dense matter via soft x-ray isochoric heating. In the experiment, we focus on study of the ions emitted during the soft x-ray ablation process using time-of-flight electron multipliers and a shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution model. We find that most emitted ions are thermal, but that some impurities chemisorbed on the target surface, such as protons, are accelerated by the electrostatic field created in the plasma by escaped electrons. The morphology of the complex crater structure indicates the presence of several ion groups with varying temperatures. We find that the ion sound velocity is controlled by the ion temperature and show how the ion yield depends on the FEL radiation attenuation length in different materials.

Published
2024

5. Letter of Intent: Towards a Vacuum Birefringence Experiment at the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields

Author

Ahmadiniaz, N., Bähtz, C., Benediktovitch, A., Bömer, C., Bocklage, L., Cowan, T. E., Edwards, J., Evans, S., Viñas, S. Franchino, Gies, H., Göde, S., Görs, J., Grenzer, J., Acosta, U. Hernandez, Heinzl, T., Hilz, P., Hippler, W., Huang, L. G., Humphries, O., Karbstein, F., Khademi, P., King, B., Kluge, T., Kohlfürst, C., Krebs, D., Laso-García, A., Lötzsch, R., Macleod, A. J., Marx-Glowna, B., Mosman, E. A., Nakatsutsumi, M., Paulus, G. G., Rahul, S. V., Randolph, L., Röhlsberger, R., Rohringer, N., Sävert, A., Sadashivaiah, S., Sauerbrey, R., Schlenvoigt, H. -P., Schmidt, S. M., Schramm, U., Schützhold, R., Schwinkendorf, J. -P., Seipt, D., Šmíd, M., Stöhlker, T., Toncian, T., Valialshchikov, M., Wipf, A., Zastrau, U., Zepf, M., Ahmadiniaz, N., Bähtz, C., Benediktovitch, A., Bömer, C., Bocklage, L., Cowan, T. E., Edwards, J., Evans, S., Viñas, S. Franchino, Gies, H., Göde, S., Görs, J., Grenzer, J., Acosta, U. Hernandez, Heinzl, T., Hilz, P., Hippler, W., Huang, L. G., Humphries, O., Karbstein, F., Khademi, P., King, B., Kluge, T., Kohlfürst, C., Krebs, D., Laso-García, A., Lötzsch, R., Macleod, A. J., Marx-Glowna, B., Mosman, E. A., Nakatsutsumi, M., Paulus, G. G., Rahul, S. V., Randolph, L., Röhlsberger, R., Rohringer, N., Sävert, A., Sadashivaiah, S., Sauerbrey, R., Schlenvoigt, H. -P., Schmidt, S. M., Schramm, U., Schützhold, R., Schwinkendorf, J. -P., Seipt, D., Šmíd, M., Stöhlker, T., Toncian, T., Valialshchikov, M., Wipf, A., Zastrau, U., and Zepf, M.

Abstract

Quantum field theory predicts a nonlinear response of the vacuum to strong electromagnetic fields of macroscopic extent. This fundamental tenet has remained experimentally challenging and is yet to be tested in the laboratory. A particularly distinct signature of the resulting optical activity of the quantum vacuum is vacuum birefringence. This offers an excellent opportunity for a precision test of nonlinear quantum electrodynamics in an uncharted parameter regime. Recently, the operation of the high-intensity laser ReLaX provided by the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields (HIBEF) has been inaugurated at the High Energy Density (HED) scientific instrument of the European XFEL. We make the case that this worldwide unique combination of an x-ray free-electron laser and an ultra-intense near-infrared laser together with recent advances in high-precision x-ray polarimetry, refinements of prospective discovery scenarios, and progress in their accurate theoretical modelling have set the stage for performing an actual discovery experiment of quantum vacuum nonlinearity., Comment: 34 pages, 21 figures

Published
2024

6. Toward using collective x-ray Thomson scattering to study C-H demixing and hydrogen metallization in warm dense matter conditions

Author

Ranjan, D, Ramakrishna, K, Voigt, K, Humphries, O, Heuser, B, Stevenson, M, Lütgert, J, He, Z, Qu, C, Schumacher, S, May, P, Amouretti, A, Appel, K, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Chekrygina, D, Fletcher, L, Göde, S, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Hau-Riege, S, Makita, M, Pelka, A, Schuster, A, Šmíd, M, Toncian, T, Zhang, M, Preston, T, Zastrau, U, Vorberger, J, Kraus, D, Ranjan D., Ramakrishna K., Voigt K., Humphries O. S., Heuser B., Stevenson M. G., Lütgert J., He Z., Qu C., Schumacher S., May P. T., Amouretti A., Appel K., Brambrink E., Cerantola V., Chekrygina D., Fletcher L. B., Göde S., Harmand M., Hartley N. J., Hau-Riege S. P., Makita M., Pelka A., Schuster A. K., Šmíd M., Toncian T., Zhang M., Preston T. R., Zastrau U., Vorberger J., Kraus D., Ranjan, D, Ramakrishna, K, Voigt, K, Humphries, O, Heuser, B, Stevenson, M, Lütgert, J, He, Z, Qu, C, Schumacher, S, May, P, Amouretti, A, Appel, K, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Chekrygina, D, Fletcher, L, Göde, S, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Hau-Riege, S, Makita, M, Pelka, A, Schuster, A, Šmíd, M, Toncian, T, Zhang, M, Preston, T, Zastrau, U, Vorberger, J, Kraus, D, Ranjan D., Ramakrishna K., Voigt K., Humphries O. S., Heuser B., Stevenson M. G., Lütgert J., He Z., Qu C., Schumacher S., May P. T., Amouretti A., Appel K., Brambrink E., Cerantola V., Chekrygina D., Fletcher L. B., Göde S., Harmand M., Hartley N. J., Hau-Riege S. P., Makita M., Pelka A., Schuster A. K., Šmíd M., Toncian T., Zhang M., Preston T. R., Zastrau U., Vorberger J., and Kraus D.

Abstract

The insulator-metal transition in liquid hydrogen is an important phenomenon to understand the interiors of gas giants, such as Jupiter and Saturn, as well as the physical and chemical behavior of materials at high pressures and temperatures. Here, the path toward an experimental approach is detailed based on spectrally resolved x-ray scattering, tailored to observe and characterize hydrogen metallization in dynamically compressed hydrocarbons in the regime of carbon-hydrogen phase separation. With the help of time-dependent density functional theory calculations and scattering spectra from undriven carbon samples collected at the European x-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (EuXFEL), we demonstrate sufficient data quality for observing C-H demixing and investigating the presence of liquid metallic hydrogen in future experiments using the reprated drive laser systems at EuXFEL.

Published
2023

7. Imaging x-ray spectrometer at the high energy density instrument of the European x-ray free electron laser

Author

Pan, X, Smid, M, Stefanikova, R, Donat, F, Baehtz, C, Burian, T, Cerantola, V, Gaus, L, Humphries, O, Hajkova, V, Juha, L, Krupka, M, Kozlova, M, Konopkova, Z, Preston, T, Wollenweber, L, Zastrau, U, Falk, K, Pan X., Smid M., Stefanikova R., Donat F., Baehtz C., Burian T., Cerantola V., Gaus L., Humphries O. S., Hajkova V., Juha L., Krupka M., Kozlova M., Konopkova Z., Preston T. R., Wollenweber L., Zastrau U., Falk K., Pan, X, Smid, M, Stefanikova, R, Donat, F, Baehtz, C, Burian, T, Cerantola, V, Gaus, L, Humphries, O, Hajkova, V, Juha, L, Krupka, M, Kozlova, M, Konopkova, Z, Preston, T, Wollenweber, L, Zastrau, U, Falk, K, Pan X., Smid M., Stefanikova R., Donat F., Baehtz C., Burian T., Cerantola V., Gaus L., Humphries O. S., Hajkova V., Juha L., Krupka M., Kozlova M., Konopkova Z., Preston T. R., Wollenweber L., Zastrau U., and Falk K.

Abstract

A multipurpose imaging x-ray crystal spectrometer is developed for the high energy density instrument of the European X-ray Free Electron Laser. The spectrometer is designed to measure x rays in the energy range of 4-10 keV, providing high-resolution, spatially resolved spectral measurements. A toroidally bent germanium (Ge) crystal is used, allowing x-ray diffraction from the crystal to image along a one-dimensional spatial profile while spectrally resolving along the other. A detailed geometrical analysis is performed to determine the curvature of the crystal. The theoretical performance of the spectrometer in various configurations is calculated by ray-tracing simulations. The key properties of the spectrometer, including the spectral and spatial resolution, are demonstrated experimentally on different platforms. Experimental results prove that this Ge spectrometer is a powerful tool for spatially resolved measurements of x-ray emission, scattering, or absorption spectra in high energy density physics.

Published
2023

8. Dielectronic satellite emission from a solid-density Mg plasma: relationship to models of ionisation potential depression

Author

Pérez-Callejo, G., Gawne, T., Preston, T. R., Hollebon, P., Humphries, O. S., Chung, H. -K., Dakovski, G. L., Krzywinski, J., Minitti, M. P., Burian, T., Chalupský, J., Hájková, V., Juha, L., Vozda, V., Zastrau, U., Vinko, S. M., Rose, S. J., Wark, J. S., Pérez-Callejo, G., Gawne, T., Preston, T. R., Hollebon, P., Humphries, O. S., Chung, H. -K., Dakovski, G. L., Krzywinski, J., Minitti, M. P., Burian, T., Chalupský, J., Hájková, V., Juha, L., Vozda, V., Zastrau, U., Vinko, S. M., Rose, S. J., and Wark, J. S.

Abstract

We report on experiments where solid-density Mg plasmas are created by heating with the focused output of the Linac Coherent Light Source x-ray free-electron-laser. We study the K-shell emission from the Helium and Lithium-like ions using Bragg crystal spectroscopy. Observation of the dielectronic satellites in Lithium-like ions confirms that the M-shell electrons appear bound for these high charge states. An analysis of the intensity of these satellites indicates that when modelled with an atomic-kinetics code, the ionisation potential depression model employed needs to produce depressions for these ions which lie between those predicted by the well known Stewart-Pyatt and Ecker-Kroll models. These results are largely consistent with recent Density Functional Theory calculations.

Published
2023
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9. Toward using collective x-ray Thomson scattering to study C–H demixing and hydrogen metallization in warm dense matter conditions

Author

(0000-0002-8641-4794) Ranjan, D., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0001-6363-1780) Heuser, B., (0009-0006-9039-5756) Stevenson, M. G., (0000-0002-2593-573X) Lütgert, B. J., (0000-0001-5416-456X) He, Z., (0000-0002-4890-7440) Qu, C., (0000-0002-1846-0000) Schumacher, S., (0009-0003-4989-8704) May, P. T., Amouretti, A., (0000-0002-2902-2102) Appel, K., Brambrink, E., (0000-0002-2808-2963) Cerantola, V., (0000-0002-7337-2337) Chekrygina, D., (0000-0002-7120-7194) Fletcher, L. B., Göde, S., (0000-0003-0713-5824) Harmand, M., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., (0000-0001-7331-6485) Hau-Riege, S. P., (0000-0003-1513-9198) Makita, M., Pelka, A., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zhang, M., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., (0000-0002-3575-4449) Zastrau, U., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0002-8641-4794) Ranjan, D., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0001-6363-1780) Heuser, B., (0009-0006-9039-5756) Stevenson, M. G., (0000-0002-2593-573X) Lütgert, B. J., (0000-0001-5416-456X) He, Z., (0000-0002-4890-7440) Qu, C., (0000-0002-1846-0000) Schumacher, S., (0009-0003-4989-8704) May, P. T., Amouretti, A., (0000-0002-2902-2102) Appel, K., Brambrink, E., (0000-0002-2808-2963) Cerantola, V., (0000-0002-7337-2337) Chekrygina, D., (0000-0002-7120-7194) Fletcher, L. B., Göde, S., (0000-0003-0713-5824) Harmand, M., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., (0000-0001-7331-6485) Hau-Riege, S. P., (0000-0003-1513-9198) Makita, M., Pelka, A., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zhang, M., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., (0000-0002-3575-4449) Zastrau, U., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., and (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D.

Abstract

The insulator–metal transition in liquid hydrogen is an important phenomenon to understand the interiors of gas giants, such as Jupiter and Saturn, as well as the physical and chemical behavior of materials at high pressures and temperatures. Here, the path toward an experimental approach is detailed based on spectrally resolved x-ray scattering, tailored to observe and characterize hydrogen metallization in dynamically compressed hydrocarbons in the regime of carbon–hydrogen phase separation. With the help of time-dependent density functional theory calculations and scattering spectra from undriven carbon samples collected at the European x-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (EuXFEL), we demonstrate sufficient data quality for observing C–H demixing and investigating the presence of liquid metallic hydrogen in future experiments using the reprated drive laser systems at EuXFEL.

Published
2023

10. Data publication: Ion emission from warm dense matter produced by irradiation with a soft x-ray free-electron laser

Author

(0000-0002-3888-8370) Krása, J., (0000-0003-3982-9978) Burian, T., (0000-0002-0776-6012) Hájková, V., (0000-0001-6930-1774) Chalupský, J., (0000-0002-1999-811X) Jelínek, Š., (0000-0001-8743-9531) Frantálová, K., (0000-0003-0784-4145) Krupka, M., (0000-0002-5939-4097) Kuglerová, Z., (0000-0001-5754-2431) Kumar Singh, S., (0000-0002-5426-1519) Vozda, V., (0000-0002-8549-0859) Vyšín, L., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0002-2767-9995) Perez-Martin, P., (0009-0003-3427-3082) Kühlman, M., (0000-0002-4243-0282) Pintor, J., (0000-0002-8222-8038) Cikhardt, J., (0009-0008-0393-6580) Dreimann, M., Eckermann, D., Rosenthal, F., (0000-0003-1016-0975) Vinko, S. M., (0000-0002-2872-7223) Forte, A., (0000-0001-9998-3606) Gawne, T. D., (0000-0002-0104-1424) Campbell, T., Ren, S., (0000-0002-7723-2331) Shi, Y., (0000-0003-1882-3702) Hutchinson, T., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T., (0000-0003-1513-9198) Makita, M., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., (0000-0001-9759-1166) Köhler, A., (0000-0003-0713-5824) Harmand, M., (0009-0008-2136-7780) Toleikis, S., (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K., (0000-0003-4189-8753) Juha, L., (0000-0002-3888-8370) Krása, J., (0000-0003-3982-9978) Burian, T., (0000-0002-0776-6012) Hájková, V., (0000-0001-6930-1774) Chalupský, J., (0000-0002-1999-811X) Jelínek, Š., (0000-0001-8743-9531) Frantálová, K., (0000-0003-0784-4145) Krupka, M., (0000-0002-5939-4097) Kuglerová, Z., (0000-0001-5754-2431) Kumar Singh, S., (0000-0002-5426-1519) Vozda, V., (0000-0002-8549-0859) Vyšín, L., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0002-2767-9995) Perez-Martin, P., (0009-0003-3427-3082) Kühlman, M., (0000-0002-4243-0282) Pintor, J., (0000-0002-8222-8038) Cikhardt, J., (0009-0008-0393-6580) Dreimann, M., Eckermann, D., Rosenthal, F., (0000-0003-1016-0975) Vinko, S. M., (0000-0002-2872-7223) Forte, A., (0000-0001-9998-3606) Gawne, T. D., (0000-0002-0104-1424) Campbell, T., Ren, S., (0000-0002-7723-2331) Shi, Y., (0000-0003-1882-3702) Hutchinson, T., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T., (0000-0003-1513-9198) Makita, M., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., (0000-0001-9759-1166) Köhler, A., (0000-0003-0713-5824) Harmand, M., (0009-0008-2136-7780) Toleikis, S., (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K., and (0000-0003-4189-8753) Juha, L.

Abstract

Data set on the ion emission of different materials. Each dataset is separate and titled with the chemical symbol or abbreviation of the specific material.

Published
2023

11. Erratum: High-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering at the high energy density scientific instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser (Review of Scientific Instruments (2021) 92 (013101) DOI: 10.1063/5.0022886)

Author

Wollenweber L., Wollenweber, L, Preston, T, Descamps, A, Cerantola, V, Comley, A, Eggert, J, Fletcher, L, Geloni, G, Gericke, D, Glenzer, S, Göde, S, Hastings, J, Humphries, O, Jenei, A, Karnbach, O, Konopkova, Z, Loetzsch, R, Marx-Glowna, B, Mcbride, E, Mcgonegle, D, Monaco, G, Ofori-Okai, B, Palmer, C, Plückthun, C, Redmer, R, Strohm, C, Thorpe, I, Tschentscher, T, Uschmann, I, Wark, J, White, T, Appel, K, Gregori, G, Zastrau, U, Wollenweber L., Preston T. R., Descamps A., Cerantola V., Comley A., Eggert J. H., Fletcher L. B., Geloni G., Gericke D. O., Glenzer S. H., Göde S., Hastings J., Humphries O. S., Jenei A., Karnbach O., Konopkova Z., Loetzsch R., Marx-Glowna B., Mcbride E. E., Mcgonegle D., Monaco G., Ofori-Okai B. K., Palmer C. A. J., Plückthun C., Redmer R., Strohm C., Thorpe I., Tschentscher T., Uschmann I., Wark J. S., White T. G., Appel K., Gregori G., Zastrau U., Wollenweber L., Wollenweber, L, Preston, T, Descamps, A, Cerantola, V, Comley, A, Eggert, J, Fletcher, L, Geloni, G, Gericke, D, Glenzer, S, Göde, S, Hastings, J, Humphries, O, Jenei, A, Karnbach, O, Konopkova, Z, Loetzsch, R, Marx-Glowna, B, Mcbride, E, Mcgonegle, D, Monaco, G, Ofori-Okai, B, Palmer, C, Plückthun, C, Redmer, R, Strohm, C, Thorpe, I, Tschentscher, T, Uschmann, I, Wark, J, White, T, Appel, K, Gregori, G, Zastrau, U, Wollenweber L., Preston T. R., Descamps A., Cerantola V., Comley A., Eggert J. H., Fletcher L. B., Geloni G., Gericke D. O., Glenzer S. H., Göde S., Hastings J., Humphries O. S., Jenei A., Karnbach O., Konopkova Z., Loetzsch R., Marx-Glowna B., Mcbride E. E., Mcgonegle D., Monaco G., Ofori-Okai B. K., Palmer C. A. J., Plückthun C., Redmer R., Strohm C., Thorpe I., Tschentscher T., Uschmann I., Wark J. S., White T. G., Appel K., Gregori G., and Zastrau U.

Published
2021

12. Commissioning and First User Experiments with ReLaX and XFEL Beam

Author

(0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., White, T. G., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., Pelka, A., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., White, T. G., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., and Pelka, A.

Abstract

In this presentation we provide an overview of the commissioning and first user experiment of ReLaX in combination with the XFEL beam. We will introduce the setup and laser parameters. We will show the established standard setup combining small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), phase-contrast imaging (PCI) and spectroscopy techniques. Finally we will show examples of the data obtained in the interaction of the ReLaX laser with targets of interested for the short-pulse laser community.

Published
2022

13. Diamond formation kinetics in shock-compressed C-H-O samples recorded by small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction

Author

He, Z., Rödel, M., Lütgert, J., Bergermann, A., Bethkenhagen, M., Chekrygina, D., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Descamps, A., French, M., Galtier, E., Gleason, A. E., Glenn, G. D., Glenzer, S. H., Inubushi, Y., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., Hernandez, J.-A., Heuser, B., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Kamimura, N., Katagiri, K., Khaghani, D., Ja Lee, H., McBride, E. E., Miyanishi, K., Nagler, B., Ofori-Okai, B., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Qu, C., (0000-0002-8641-4794) Ranjan, D., Redmer, R., Schoenwaelder, C., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., Stevenson, M. G., Sueda, K., Togashi, T., Vinci, T., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Yabashi, M., Yabuuchi, T., Zinta, L. M. V., Ravasio, A., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., He, Z., Rödel, M., Lütgert, J., Bergermann, A., Bethkenhagen, M., Chekrygina, D., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Descamps, A., French, M., Galtier, E., Gleason, A. E., Glenn, G. D., Glenzer, S. H., Inubushi, Y., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., Hernandez, J.-A., Heuser, B., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Kamimura, N., Katagiri, K., Khaghani, D., Ja Lee, H., McBride, E. E., Miyanishi, K., Nagler, B., Ofori-Okai, B., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Qu, C., (0000-0002-8641-4794) Ranjan, D., Redmer, R., Schoenwaelder, C., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., Stevenson, M. G., Sueda, K., Togashi, T., Vinci, T., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Yabashi, M., Yabuuchi, T., Zinta, L. M. V., Ravasio, A., and (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D.

Abstract

Extreme conditions inside ice giants like Uranus and Neptune can result in peculiar chemistry and structural transitions, e.g., the precipitation of diamonds or superionic water, as so far experimentally observed only for pure C-H and H2O systems, respectively. Here we investigate a stoichiometric mixture of C and H2O by shock-compressing PET plastics and performing in situ X-ray probing. We observe diamond formation at pressures between 72±7 GPa and 125±13 GPa at temperatures ranging from ~3500 K to ~6000 K. Combining X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray scattering, we access the kinetics of this exotic reaction. The observed demixing of C and H2O suggests that diamond precipitation inside the ice giants is enhanced by oxygen, which can lead to isolated water and thus the formation of superionic structures relevant to the planets’ magnetic fields. Moreover, our measurements indicate a way of producing nanodiamonds by simple laser-driven shock-compression of cheap PET plastics.

Published
2022

14. Combined Phase Contrast Imaging and Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Diagnostic of Relativistic Plasmas at the High Energy Density Instrument at European XFEL

Author

(0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., White, T. G., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., Pelka, A., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., White, T. G., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., and Pelka, A.

Abstract

The High Energy Density (HED) instrument at the European XFEL provides a platform to study hot and warm dense matter. The Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields (HiBEF) is a User Consortium supplying HED with two laser systems (the high-intensity ReLaX laser, by Amplitude Technologies, and the high-energy Dipole-100X laser, by STFC), Diamond Anvil Cells setup and high-pulsed magnetic fields. These tools in combination with the XFEL beam enable the investigation of relativistic laser plasmas, strong-field QED phenomena, high-pressure astro- and planetary physics as well as magnetic phenomena in condensed matter. The successful commissioning of the ultra-short pulse high-intensity ReLaX laser, provides new unique opportunities in the plasma and high-field physics fields [1]. ReLaX is a double CPA Ti:Sa laser capable of delivering up to 300 TW pulses on target. In the first commissioning phase, 100 TW pulses were used, reaching intensities up to 1020 W/cm2. Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) without the need of a beamstop was first commissioned at HED in September 2019. Two highly annealed pyrolytic graphite (HAPG) crystals were used to reflect the SAXS photons onto a detector while allowing the main XFEL beam to go through [2]. In April and May 2021, Small Angle X-Ray Scattering and Phase Contrast Imaging (PCI) were simultaneously demonstrated in pump-probe experiments at HED in a community experiment involving 15 institutions from all over the world. In this talk we will present the preliminary results of this community experiment probing ultrafast phenomena in a wide array of target configurations: hole boring in wires, shockwave generation in CH blocks, buried heating of a wire inside a CH medium, foam ionization and collective effects in heated foils. [1] A. Laso Garcia, H. Hoeppner, A. Pelka et al., “ReLaX: the HiBEF high-intensity short-pulse laser driver for relativistic laser-matter interaction and strong-field science at the HED instrument at Eu

Published
2022

15. Commissioning and First User Experiments with ReLaX and XFEL Beam

Author

(0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., White, T. G., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., Pelka, A., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Arefiev, A., Kemp, A., Allen, C. H., Bähtz, C., Nagler, B., Palmer, C. A. J., Murphy, C. D., Spindloe, C., Brown, C. R. D., Neely, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Marley, E., Hartouni, E. P., Fiuza, F., Grim, G. P., Cochran, G. E., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., Williams, J., Green, J., Eggert, J. H., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., Lancaster, K. L., Divol, L., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Schoelmerich, M., (0000-0001-6200-6406) Rehwald, M., Oliver, M., Rödel, M., Macdonald, M., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Makita, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., Neumayer, P. B., Mabey, P., Shepherd, R. L., Gray, R., Wilks, S. C., Le Pape, S., Kerr, S. M., Glenzer, S. H., Funk, S., Gales, S. G., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., White, T. G., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Doeppner, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Ping, Y., He, Z., Höppner, H., and Pelka, A.

Abstract

In this presentation we provide an overview of the commissioning and first user experiment of ReLaX in combination with the XFEL beam. We will introduce the setup and laser parameters. We will show the established standard setup combining small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), phase-contrast imaging (PCI) and spectroscopy techniques. Finally we will show examples of the data obtained in the interaction of the ReLaX laser with targets of interested for the short-pulse laser community.

Published
2022

16. Demonstration of an X-ray Raman Spectroscopy setup to study warm dense carbon at the High Energy Density Instrument of European XFEL

Author

(0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., Zhang, M., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., Amouretti, A., Appel, K., Brambrink, E., Cerantola, V., Chekrygina, D., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K., Fletcher, L. B., Gericke, D. O., Göde, S., Harmand, M., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., Hau-Riege, S. P., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0001-8679-5905) Lokamani, M., Makita, M., Pelka, A., Prescher, C., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Zastrau, U., Preston, T. R., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., Zhang, M., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., Amouretti, A., Appel, K., Brambrink, E., Cerantola, V., Chekrygina, D., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K., Fletcher, L. B., Gericke, D. O., Göde, S., Harmand, M., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., Hau-Riege, S. P., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0001-8679-5905) Lokamani, M., Makita, M., Pelka, A., Prescher, C., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Zastrau, U., Preston, T. R., and (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D.

Abstract

We present a proof-of-principle study demonstrating X-ray Raman Spectroscopy (XRS) from carbon samples at ambient conditions in conjunction with other common diagnostics to study warm dense matter, performed at the High Energy Density scientific instrument of the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL). We obtain sufficient spectral resolution to identify the local structure and chemical bonding of diamond and graphite samples, using highly annealed pyrolytic graphite spectrometers. Due to the high crystal reflectivity and XFEL brightness, we obtain signal strengths that will enable accurate XRS measurements in upcoming pump-probe experiments with high repetition-rate, where the samples will be pumped with high-power lasers. Molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory together with XRS simulations demonstrate the potential of this technique and show predictions for high-energy-density conditions. Our setup allows simultaneous implementation of several di erent diagnostic methods to reduce ambiguities in the analysis of the experimental results, which, for warm dense matter, often relies on simplifying model assumptions. The promising capabilities demonstrated here provide unprecedented insights into chemical and structural dynamics in warm dense matter states of light elements, including conditions similar to the interiors of planets, low-mass stars and other celestial bodies.

Published
2021

17. Demonstration of an x-ray Raman spectroscopy setup to study warm dense carbon at the high energy density instrument of European XFEL

Author

Voigt, K, Zhang, M, Ramakrishna, K, Amouretti, A, Appel, K, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Chekrygina, D, Döppner, T, Falcone, R, Falk, K, Fletcher, L, Gericke, D, G??de, S, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Hau-Riege, S, Huang, L, Humphries, O, Lokamani, M, Makita, M, Pelka, A, Prescher, C, Schuster, A, Šmíd, M, Toncian, T, Vorberger, J, Zastrau, U, Preston, T, Kraus, D, K. Voigt, M. Zhang, K. Ramakrishna, A. Amouretti, K. Appel, E. Brambrink, V. Cerantola, D. Chekrygina, T. Döppner, R. W. Falcone, K. Falk, L. B. Fletcher, D. O. Gericke, S. G??de, M. Harmand, N. J. Hartley, S. P. Hau-Riege, L. G. Huang, O. S. Humphries, M. Lokamani, M. Makita, A. Pelka, C. Prescher, A. K. Schuster, M. Šmíd, T. Toncian, J. Vorberger, U. Zastrau, T. R. Preston, D. Kraus, Voigt, K, Zhang, M, Ramakrishna, K, Amouretti, A, Appel, K, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Chekrygina, D, Döppner, T, Falcone, R, Falk, K, Fletcher, L, Gericke, D, G??de, S, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Hau-Riege, S, Huang, L, Humphries, O, Lokamani, M, Makita, M, Pelka, A, Prescher, C, Schuster, A, Šmíd, M, Toncian, T, Vorberger, J, Zastrau, U, Preston, T, Kraus, D, K. Voigt, M. Zhang, K. Ramakrishna, A. Amouretti, K. Appel, E. Brambrink, V. Cerantola, D. Chekrygina, T. Döppner, R. W. Falcone, K. Falk, L. B. Fletcher, D. O. Gericke, S. G??de, M. Harmand, N. J. Hartley, S. P. Hau-Riege, L. G. Huang, O. S. Humphries, M. Lokamani, M. Makita, A. Pelka, C. Prescher, A. K. Schuster, M. Šmíd, T. Toncian, J. Vorberger, U. Zastrau, T. R. Preston, and D. Kraus

Abstract

We present a proof-of-principle study demonstrating x-ray Raman Spectroscopy (XRS) from carbon samples at ambient conditions in conjunction with other common diagnostics to study warm dense matter, performed at the high energy density scientific instrument of the European x-ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL). We obtain sufficient spectral resolution to identify the local structure and chemical bonding of diamond and graphite samples, using highly annealed pyrolytic graphite spectrometers. Due to the high crystal reflectivity and XFEL brightness, we obtain signal strengths that will enable accurate XRS measurements in upcoming pump-probe experiments with a high repetition-rate, where the samples will be pumped with high-power lasers. Molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory together with XRS simulations demonstrate the potential of this technique and show predictions for high-energy-density conditions. Our setup allows simultaneous implementation of several different diagnostic methods to reduce ambiguities in the analysis of the experimental results, which, for warm dense matter, often relies on simplifying model assumptions. The promising capabilities demonstrated here provide unprecedented insights into chemical and structural dynamics in warm dense matter states of light elements, including conditions similar to the interiors of planets, low-mass stars, and other celestial bodies.

Published
2021

18. High-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering at the high energy density scientific instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser

Author

Wollenweber, L, Preston, T, Descamps, A, Cerantola, V, Comley, A, Eggert, J, Fletcher, L, Geloni, G, Gericke, D, Glenzer, S, G??de, S, Hastings, J, Humphries, O, Jenei, A, Karnbach, O, Konopkova, Z, Loetzsch, R, Marx-Glowna, B, Mcbride, E, Mcgonegle, D, Monaco, G, Ofori-Okai, B, Palmer, C, Pl??ckthun, C, Redmer, R, Strohm, C, Thorpe, I, Tschentscher, T, Uschmann, I, Wark, J, White, T, Appel, K, Gregori, G, Zastrau, U, L. Wollenweber, T. R. Preston, A. Descamps, V. Cerantola, A. Comley, J. H. Eggert, L. B. Fletcher, G. Geloni, D. O. Gericke, S. H. Glenzer, S. G??de, J. Hastings, O. S. Humphries, A. Jenei, O. Karnbach, Z. Konopkova, R. Loetzsch, B. Marx-Glowna, E. E. McBride, D. McGonegle, G. Monaco, B. K. Ofori-Okai, C. A. J. Palmer, C. Pl??ckthun, R. Redmer, C. Strohm, I. Thorpe, T. Tschentscher, I. Uschmann, J. S. Wark, T. G. White, K. Appel, G. Gregori, U. Zastrau, Wollenweber, L, Preston, T, Descamps, A, Cerantola, V, Comley, A, Eggert, J, Fletcher, L, Geloni, G, Gericke, D, Glenzer, S, G??de, S, Hastings, J, Humphries, O, Jenei, A, Karnbach, O, Konopkova, Z, Loetzsch, R, Marx-Glowna, B, Mcbride, E, Mcgonegle, D, Monaco, G, Ofori-Okai, B, Palmer, C, Pl??ckthun, C, Redmer, R, Strohm, C, Thorpe, I, Tschentscher, T, Uschmann, I, Wark, J, White, T, Appel, K, Gregori, G, Zastrau, U, L. Wollenweber, T. R. Preston, A. Descamps, V. Cerantola, A. Comley, J. H. Eggert, L. B. Fletcher, G. Geloni, D. O. Gericke, S. H. Glenzer, S. G??de, J. Hastings, O. S. Humphries, A. Jenei, O. Karnbach, Z. Konopkova, R. Loetzsch, B. Marx-Glowna, E. E. McBride, D. McGonegle, G. Monaco, B. K. Ofori-Okai, C. A. J. Palmer, C. Pl??ckthun, R. Redmer, C. Strohm, I. Thorpe, T. Tschentscher, I. Uschmann, J. S. Wark, T. G. White, K. Appel, G. Gregori, and U. Zastrau

Abstract

We introduce a setup to measure high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering at the High Energy Density scientific instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL). The setup uses the Si (533) reflection in a channel-cut monochromator and three spherical diced analyzer crystals in near-backscattering geometry to reach a high spectral resolution. An energy resolution of 44 meV is demonstrated for the experimental setup, close to the theoretically achievable minimum resolution. The analyzer crystals and detector are mounted on a curved-rail system, allowing quick and reliable changes in scattering angle without breaking vacuum. The entire setup is designed for operation at 10 Hz, the same repetition rate as the high-power lasers available at the instrument and the fundamental repetition rate of the European XFEL. Among other measurements, it is envisioned that this setup will allow studies of the dynamics of highly transient laser generated states of matter.

Published
2021

19. An approach for the measurement of the bulk temperature of single crystal diamond using an X-ray free electron laser

Author

Descamps, A, Ofori-Okai, B, Appel, K, Cerantola, V, Comley, A, Eggert, J, Fletcher, L, Gericke, D, Göde, S, Humphries, O, Karnbach, O, Lazicki, A, Loetzsch, R, Mcgonegle, D, Palmer, C, Plueckthun, C, Preston, T, Redmer, R, Senesky, D, Strohm, C, Uschmann, I, White, T, Wollenweber, L, Monaco, G, Wark, J, Hastings, J, Zastrau, U, Gregori, G, Glenzer, S, Mcbride, E, Ofori-Okai, BK, Eggert, JH, Fletcher, LB, Gericke, DO, McGonegle, D, Palmer, CAJ, Preston, TR, Senesky, DG, White, T G, Wark, JS, Hastings, JB, Glenzer, SH, McBride, EE, Descamps, A, Ofori-Okai, B, Appel, K, Cerantola, V, Comley, A, Eggert, J, Fletcher, L, Gericke, D, Göde, S, Humphries, O, Karnbach, O, Lazicki, A, Loetzsch, R, Mcgonegle, D, Palmer, C, Plueckthun, C, Preston, T, Redmer, R, Senesky, D, Strohm, C, Uschmann, I, White, T, Wollenweber, L, Monaco, G, Wark, J, Hastings, J, Zastrau, U, Gregori, G, Glenzer, S, Mcbride, E, Ofori-Okai, BK, Eggert, JH, Fletcher, LB, Gericke, DO, McGonegle, D, Palmer, CAJ, Preston, TR, Senesky, DG, White, T G, Wark, JS, Hastings, JB, Glenzer, SH, and McBride, EE

Abstract

We present a method to determine the bulk temperature of a single crystal diamond sample at an X-Ray free electron laser using inelastic X-ray scattering. The experiment was performed at the high energy density instrument at the European XFEL GmbH, Germany. The technique, based on inelastic X-ray scattering and the principle of detailed balance, was demonstrated to give accurate temperature measurements, within 8 % for both room temperature diamond and heated diamond to 500 K. Here, the temperature was increased in a controlled way using a resistive heater to test theoretical predictions of the scaling of the signal with temperature. The method was tested by validating the energy of the phonon modes with previous measurements made at room temperature using inelastic X-ray scattering and neutron scattering techniques. This technique could be used to determine the bulk temperature in transient systems with a temporal resolution of 50 fs and for which accurate measurements of thermodynamic properties are vital to build accurate equation of state and transport models.

Published
2020

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