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Open citation data can improve the transparency and robustness of scientific portfolio analysis, improve science policy decision-making, stimulate downstream commercial activity, and increase the discoverability of scientific articles. Once sparsely populated, public-domain citation databases crossed a threshold of one billion citations in February 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Shortly thereafter, the threshold of one billion public-domain citations from the Crossref database alone. Since the relative advantage of withholding data in closed databases has diminished with the flood of public-domain data, this likely constitutes an irreversible change in the citation data ecosystem. The successes of this movement can guide future open data efforts.

© 2016Three-decades of observations of tropical fish recruitment on the south coast of Rottnest Island, Western Australia (WA), have indicated that settlement of two tropical damselfish (Abudefduf sexfasciatus and A. vaigiensis) peaks each autumn with the seasonal strengthening of the Leeuwin Current (LC). Historically these fish have not bred at Rottnest Island or at other adjacent coastal locations although an active breeding population exists at the Houtman Abrolhos Islands some 330 km to the north. Record levels of recruitment in early 2011 followed extremely strong southward advection in the LC accompanied by unprecedented high water temperatures associated with a marine heat wave. Settlement numbers the following year were almost as high, again associated with a very strong LC and high water temperatures, while 2013 saw lower but still above average recruitment. Against a background of gradual ocean warming along the WA coast, one of the world's 30 hotspots for increasing ocean temperature, the potential for these species to establish a breeding population at Rottnest Island is explored by comparing the water temperatures during the presumed spawning period at the Abrolhos Islands with those at Rottnest Island together with winter temperatures and the abundance of what are believed to be mature Abudefduf successfully over-wintering at Rottnest Island. “The results indicate that establishment of a breeding population at Rottnest Island does not appear to be limited by water temperatures, and raises the question as to why a breeding population does not already exist as the settlement habitat appears very similar to that at the Abrolhos Islands.

Introduction: The Paradox at the Heart of Online Interaction

This chapter begins from the premise that, to date, television remains the dominant communications technology in the digital media sport environment. It argues that sports-related programming is often overlooked in favour of event coverage in the study of sports television. Analysis focuses on three areas - platform interaction, technological innovation, and content ecologies - and describes technological innovations arising from television coverage of sports, with a particular focus on online video, audience measurement, and 3D production and viewing.

Has the hype associated with the «revolutionary» potential of the World Wide Web and digital media for environmental activism been muted by the past two decades of lived experience? What are the empirical realities of the prevailing media landscape? Using a range of related disciplinary perspectives, the contributors to this book analyze and explain the complicated relationship between environmental conflict and the media. They shine light on why media are central to historical and contemporary conceptions of power and politics in the context of local, national and global issues and outline the emerging mixture of innovation and reliance on established strategies in environmental campaigns. With cases drawn from different sections of the globe Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States, Europe, Latin America, China, Japan, the Pacific Islands, Africa the book demonstrates how conflicts emanate from and flow across multiple sites, regions and media platforms and examines the role of the media in helping to structure collective discussion, debate and decision-making.

Has the hype associated with the «revolutionary» potential of the World Wide Web and digital media for environmental activism been muted by the past two decades of lived experience? What are the empirical realities of the prevailing media landscape? Using a range of related disciplinary perspectives, the contributors to this book analyze and explain the complicated relationship between environmental conflict and the media. They shine light on why media are central to historical and contemporary conceptions of power and politics in the context of local, national and global issues and outline the emerging mixture of innovation and reliance on established strategies in environmental campaigns. With cases drawn from different sections of the globe Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States, Europe, Latin America, China, Japan, the Pacific Islands, Africa the book demonstrates how conflicts emanate from and flow across multiple sites, regions and media platforms and examines the role of the media in helping to structure collective discussion, debate and decision-making.

Application of an individual-based particle tracking model to the migration of tropical fish larvae alongthe continental shelf between the Houtman Abrolhos Islands and Rottnest Island (Western Australia)has shown that there is potential for the southwards advection of passive particles/larvae in theLeeuwin Current system throughout the year. However, seasonal variations in the prevailing wind fieldresult in corresponding seasonal changes in the surface current flow (both alongshore and cross-shelf)on the continental shelf, leading to a pulse of modelled particles arriving at Rottnest Island during theautumn months. This matches, within a month, the observed April/May peak in annual recruitment of2 species of damselfish (Abudefduf sexfasciatus and A. vaigiensis), at the time when the Leeuwin Current is strengthening. It is assumed that the larvae are in the uppermost 20 m of the water column and that there are no vertical diurnal movements. The model has a 10 km grid spacing, and so can resolve some of the current gradients across the continental shelf. Comparison of the modelled near-surface currents with ADCP measurements at 2 current mooring sites as well as with a broader range of historical current measurements off southwestern Australia indicates that the alongshore net transport is reasonably well reproduced by the model, whereas agreement with the cross-shelf flow is not as good (this may be partly attributed to the paucity of high-quality near-surface current measurements in the area of study). Because of limitations in our knowledge of the swimming ability, choice of swimming direction and habitat selection of larval fish, as well as the inability of the model to reproduce the small-scale circulation around Rottnest Island, the swimming capacity of the late-stage larval fish is not specifically included; they are considered as potential settlers once they have reached within 20 km of the Island. The observed inter-annual variability in recruitment is not as

This article responds to Thomas's (2004) call for investigation into how the internet and World Wide Web are changing government in Australia. It first discusses e-government principles and policies at the federal level, and then investigates initiatives and events in one of Australia's most populous municipalities, the City of Casey in Melbourne's southeast. The objective of this approach is to understand the broader context of e-government policy formulation in Australia, and connect this to the level of local government in order to understand the features and dynamics of existing e-government mechanisms. The evidence generated from this approach reveals an imbalance between service delivery and civic engagement in e-government strategies, with the emphasis on consumer-oriented service delivery far outweighing civic participation and political dialogue. The analysis that follows outlines actual and potential political problems flowing from this imbalance - or 'digital democratic deficit' - and offers suggestions on how equilibrium might be restored.

Environmental politics and values gain legitimacy through their constant presence in the media. This article outlines and critiques a theoretical approach that can increase understanding of the relationship between environmental protest and news media representation. Manuel Castells, pre-eminent theorist of the information age and 'the network society', is useful in this regard. He describes the relationship between media organizations and environmentalists as 'tap-dancing'. His explanation of this dance and its choreography, however, is overly general, ignoring its specific features and workings in terms of representation. In order to detail some of these features, we have selected for study Australia's most famous environmental protest and a globally significant moment for green politics: the 1982 Franklin Dam blockade in Tasmania. We argue that it was during this blockade that an enduring pattern of media environmentalist relations was established in Australia, and substantiate this case by examining subsequent protests. The article concludes by critiquing current understandings of media environmentalist relations and explains the dynamics of the mediation process that determines the reporting of protests.

Environmental politics and values gain legitimacy through their constant presence in the media. This article outlines and critiques a theoretical approach that can increase understanding of the relationship between environmental protest and news media representation. Manuel Castells, pre-eminent theorist of the information age and 'the network society', is useful in this regard. He describes the relationship between media organizations and environmentalists as 'tap-dancing'. His explanation of this dance and its choreography, however, is overly general, ignoring its specific features and workings in terms of representation. In order to detail some of these features, we have selected for study Australia's most famous environmental protest and a globally significant moment for green politics: the 1982 Franklin Dam blockade in Tasmania. We argue that it was during this blockade that an enduring pattern of media environmentalist relations was established in Australia, and substantiate this case by examining subsequent protests. The article concludes by critiquing current understandings of media environmentalist relations and explains the dynamics of the mediation process that determines the reporting of protests.