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1. Correction for Slik et al., Phylogenetic classification of the world’s tropical forests

Author

Slik, JWF, Slik, JWF, Franklin, J, Arroyo-Rodríguez, V, Field, R, Aguilar, S, Aguirre, N, Ahumada, J, Aiba, SI, Alves, LF, Anitha, K, Avella, A, Mora, F, Aymard, GAC, Báez, S, Balvanera, P, Bastian, ML, Bastin, JF, Bellingham, PJ, Van Den Berg, E, Da Conceição Bispo, P, Boeckx, P, Boehning-Gaese, K, Bongers, F, Boyle, B, Brambach, F, Brearley, FQ, Brown, S, Chai, SL, Chazdon, RL, Chen, S, Chhang, P, Chuyong, G, Ewango, C, Coronado, IM, Cristóbal-Azkarate, J, Culmsee, H, Damas, K, Dattaraja, HS, Davidar, P, DeWalt, SJ, DIn, H, Drake, DR, Duque, A, Durigan, G, Eichhorn, K, Eler, ES, Enoki, T, Ensslin, A, Fandohan, AB, Farwig, N, Feeley, KJ, Fischer, M, Forshed, O, Garcia, QS, Garkoti, SC, Gillespie, TW, Gillet, JF, Gonmadje, C, Granzow-De La Cerda, I, Griffith, DM, Grogan, J, Hakeem, KR, Harris, DJ, Harrison, RD, Hector, A, Hemp, A, Homeier, J, Hussain, MS, Ibarra-Manríquez, G, Hanum, IF, Imai, N, Jansen, PA, Joly, CA, Joseph, S, Kartawinata, K, Kearsley, E, Kelly, DL, Kessler, M, Killeen, TJ, Kooyman, RM, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SG, Laurance, WF, Lawes, MJ, Letcher, SG, Lindsell, J, Lovett, J, Lozada, J, Lu, X, Lykke, AM, Bin Mahmud, K, Mahayani, NPD, Mansor, A, Marshall, AR, Martin, EH, Matos, DCL, Meave, JA, Melo, FPL, Mendoza, ZHA, Metali, F, Slik, JWF, Slik, JWF, Franklin, J, Arroyo-Rodríguez, V, Field, R, Aguilar, S, Aguirre, N, Ahumada, J, Aiba, SI, Alves, LF, Anitha, K, Avella, A, Mora, F, Aymard, GAC, Báez, S, Balvanera, P, Bastian, ML, Bastin, JF, Bellingham, PJ, Van Den Berg, E, Da Conceição Bispo, P, Boeckx, P, Boehning-Gaese, K, Bongers, F, Boyle, B, Brambach, F, Brearley, FQ, Brown, S, Chai, SL, Chazdon, RL, Chen, S, Chhang, P, Chuyong, G, Ewango, C, Coronado, IM, Cristóbal-Azkarate, J, Culmsee, H, Damas, K, Dattaraja, HS, Davidar, P, DeWalt, SJ, DIn, H, Drake, DR, Duque, A, Durigan, G, Eichhorn, K, Eler, ES, Enoki, T, Ensslin, A, Fandohan, AB, Farwig, N, Feeley, KJ, Fischer, M, Forshed, O, Garcia, QS, Garkoti, SC, Gillespie, TW, Gillet, JF, Gonmadje, C, Granzow-De La Cerda, I, Griffith, DM, Grogan, J, Hakeem, KR, Harris, DJ, Harrison, RD, Hector, A, Hemp, A, Homeier, J, Hussain, MS, Ibarra-Manríquez, G, Hanum, IF, Imai, N, Jansen, PA, Joly, CA, Joseph, S, Kartawinata, K, Kearsley, E, Kelly, DL, Kessler, M, Killeen, TJ, Kooyman, RM, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SG, Laurance, WF, Lawes, MJ, Letcher, SG, Lindsell, J, Lovett, J, Lozada, J, Lu, X, Lykke, AM, Bin Mahmud, K, Mahayani, NPD, Mansor, A, Marshall, AR, Martin, EH, Matos, DCL, Meave, JA, Melo, FPL, Mendoza, ZHA, and Metali, F

Abstract

Correction for "Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests, " by J. W. Ferry Slik, Janet Franklin, Víctor Arroyo- Rodríguez, Richard Field, Salomon Aguilar, Nikolay Aguirre, Jorge Ahumada, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Luciana F. Alves, Anitha K, Andres Avella, Francisco Mora, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Selene B?ez, Patricia Balvanera, Meredith L. Bastian, Jean-François Bastin, Peter J. Bellingham, Eduardo van den Berg, Polyanna da Conceição Bispo, Pascal Boeckx, Katrin Boehning-Gaese, Frans Bongers, Brad Boyle, Fabian Brambach, Francis Q. Brearley, Sandra Brown, Shauna-Lee Chai, Robin L. Chazdon, Shengbin Chen, Phourin Chhang, George Chuyong, Corneille Ewango, Indiana M. Coronado, Jurgi Crist?bal-Azkarate, Heike Culmsee, Kipiro Damas, H. S. Dattaraja, Priya Davidar, Saara J. DeWalt, Hazimah Din, Donald R. Drake, Alvaro Duque, Giselda Durigan, Karl Eichhorn, Eduardo Schmidt Eler, Tsutomu Enoki, Andreas Ensslin, Adand? Belarmain Fandohan, Nina Farwig, Kenneth J. Feeley, Markus Fischer, Olle Forshed, Queila Souza Garcia, Satish Chandra Garkoti, Thomas W. Gillespie, Jean- Francois Gillet, Christelle Gonmadje, Iñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Daniel M. Griffith, James Grogan, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, David J. Harris, Rhett D. Harrison, Andy Hector, Andreas Hemp, J?rgen Homeier, M. Shah Hussain, Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez, I. Faridah Hanum, Nobuo Imai, Patrick A. Jansen, Carlos Alfredo Joly, Shijo Joseph, Kuswata Kartawinata, Elizabeth Kearsley, Daniel L. Kelly, Michael Kessler, Timothy J. Killeen, Robert M. Kooyman, Yves Laumonier, Susan G. Laurance, William F. Laurance, Michael J. Lawes, Susan G. Letcher, Jeremy Lindsell, Jon Lovett, Jose Lozada, Xinghui Lu, Anne Mette Lykke, Khairil Bin Mahmud, Ni Putu Diana Mahayani, Asyraf Mansor, Andrew R. Marshall, Emanuel H. Martin, Darley Calderado Leal Matos, Jorge A.Meave, Felipe P. L. Melo, Zhofre Huberto Aguirre Mendoza, Faizah Metali, Vincent P. Medjibe, Jean Paul Metzger, Thiago Metzker, D. Mohandass, Miguel A. Munguía-Rosas, Rodri

Published
2018

2. Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests

Author

Slik, JWF, Franklin, J, Arroyo-Rodríguez, V, Field, R, Aguilar, S, Aguirre, N, Ahumada, J, Aiba, SI, Alves, LF, Anitha, K, Avella, A, Mora, F, Aymard, GAC, Báez, S, Balvanera, P, Bastian, ML, Bastin, JF, Bellingham, PJ, Van Den Berg, E, Da Conceição Bispo, P, Boeckx, P, Boehning-Gaese, K, Bongers, F, Boyle, B, Brambach, F, Brearley, FQ, Brown, S, Chai, SL, Chazdon, RL, Chen, S, Chhang, P, Chuyong, G, Ewango, C, Coronado, IM, Cristóbal-Azkarate, J, Culmsee, H, Damas, K, Dattaraja, HS, Davidar, P, DeWalt, SJ, DIn, H, Drake, DR, Duque, A, Durigan, G, Eichhorn, K, Eler, ES, Enoki, T, Ensslin, A, Fandohan, AB, Farwig, N, Feeley, KJ, Fischer, M, Forshed, O, Garcia, QS, Garkoti, SC, Gillespie, TW, Gillet, JF, Gonmadje, C, Granzow-De La Cerda, I, Griffith, DM, Grogan, J, Hakeem, KR, Harris, DJ, Harrison, RD, Hector, A, Hemp, A, Homeier, J, Hussain, MS, Ibarra-Manríquez, G, Hanum, IF, Imai, N, Jansen, PA, Joly, CA, Joseph, S, Kartawinata, K, Kearsley, E, Kelly, DL, Kessler, M, Killeen, TJ, Kooyman, RM, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SG, Laurance, WF, Lawes, MJ, Letcher, SG, Lindsell, J, Lovett, J, Lozada, J, Lu, X, Lykke, AM, Bin Mahmud, K, Mahayani, NPD, Slik, JWF, Franklin, J, Arroyo-Rodríguez, V, Field, R, Aguilar, S, Aguirre, N, Ahumada, J, Aiba, SI, Alves, LF, Anitha, K, Avella, A, Mora, F, Aymard, GAC, Báez, S, Balvanera, P, Bastian, ML, Bastin, JF, Bellingham, PJ, Van Den Berg, E, Da Conceição Bispo, P, Boeckx, P, Boehning-Gaese, K, Bongers, F, Boyle, B, Brambach, F, Brearley, FQ, Brown, S, Chai, SL, Chazdon, RL, Chen, S, Chhang, P, Chuyong, G, Ewango, C, Coronado, IM, Cristóbal-Azkarate, J, Culmsee, H, Damas, K, Dattaraja, HS, Davidar, P, DeWalt, SJ, DIn, H, Drake, DR, Duque, A, Durigan, G, Eichhorn, K, Eler, ES, Enoki, T, Ensslin, A, Fandohan, AB, Farwig, N, Feeley, KJ, Fischer, M, Forshed, O, Garcia, QS, Garkoti, SC, Gillespie, TW, Gillet, JF, Gonmadje, C, Granzow-De La Cerda, I, Griffith, DM, Grogan, J, Hakeem, KR, Harris, DJ, Harrison, RD, Hector, A, Hemp, A, Homeier, J, Hussain, MS, Ibarra-Manríquez, G, Hanum, IF, Imai, N, Jansen, PA, Joly, CA, Joseph, S, Kartawinata, K, Kearsley, E, Kelly, DL, Kessler, M, Killeen, TJ, Kooyman, RM, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SG, Laurance, WF, Lawes, MJ, Letcher, SG, Lindsell, J, Lovett, J, Lozada, J, Lu, X, Lykke, AM, Bin Mahmud, K, and Mahayani, NPD

Abstract

© 2017 IEEE. Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world's tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world's tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northernhemisphere forests.

Published
2018

3. Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests

Author

Slik, JWF, Franklin, J, Arroyo-Rodríguez, V, Field, R, Aguilar, S, Aguirre, N, Ahumada, J, Aiba, SI, Alves, LF, Anitha, K, Avella, A, Mora, F, Aymard, GAC, Báez, S, Balvanera, P, Bastian, ML, Bastin, JF, Bellingham, PJ, Van Den Berg, E, Da Conceição Bispo, P, Boeckx, P, Boehning-Gaese, K, Bongers, F, Boyle, B, Brambach, F, Brearley, FQ, Brown, S, Chai, SL, Chazdon, RL, Chen, S, Chhang, P, Chuyong, G, Ewango, C, Coronado, IM, Cristóbal-Azkarate, J, Culmsee, H, Damas, K, Dattaraja, HS, Davidar, P, DeWalt, SJ, DIn, H, Drake, DR, Duque, A, Durigan, G, Eichhorn, K, Eler, ES, Enoki, T, Ensslin, A, Fandohan, AB, Farwig, N, Feeley, KJ, Fischer, M, Forshed, O, Garcia, QS, Garkoti, SC, Gillespie, TW, Gillet, JF, Gonmadje, C, Granzow-De La Cerda, I, Griffith, DM, Grogan, J, Hakeem, KR, Harris, DJ, Harrison, RD, Hector, A, Hemp, A, Homeier, J, Hussain, MS, Ibarra-Manríquez, G, Hanum, IF, Imai, N, Jansen, PA, Joly, CA, Joseph, S, Kartawinata, K, Kearsley, E, Kelly, DL, Kessler, M, Killeen, TJ, Kooyman, RM, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SG, Laurance, WF, Lawes, MJ, Letcher, SG, Lindsell, J, Lovett, J, Lozada, J, Lu, X, Lykke, AM, Bin Mahmud, K, Mahayani, NPD, Slik, JWF, Franklin, J, Arroyo-Rodríguez, V, Field, R, Aguilar, S, Aguirre, N, Ahumada, J, Aiba, SI, Alves, LF, Anitha, K, Avella, A, Mora, F, Aymard, GAC, Báez, S, Balvanera, P, Bastian, ML, Bastin, JF, Bellingham, PJ, Van Den Berg, E, Da Conceição Bispo, P, Boeckx, P, Boehning-Gaese, K, Bongers, F, Boyle, B, Brambach, F, Brearley, FQ, Brown, S, Chai, SL, Chazdon, RL, Chen, S, Chhang, P, Chuyong, G, Ewango, C, Coronado, IM, Cristóbal-Azkarate, J, Culmsee, H, Damas, K, Dattaraja, HS, Davidar, P, DeWalt, SJ, DIn, H, Drake, DR, Duque, A, Durigan, G, Eichhorn, K, Eler, ES, Enoki, T, Ensslin, A, Fandohan, AB, Farwig, N, Feeley, KJ, Fischer, M, Forshed, O, Garcia, QS, Garkoti, SC, Gillespie, TW, Gillet, JF, Gonmadje, C, Granzow-De La Cerda, I, Griffith, DM, Grogan, J, Hakeem, KR, Harris, DJ, Harrison, RD, Hector, A, Hemp, A, Homeier, J, Hussain, MS, Ibarra-Manríquez, G, Hanum, IF, Imai, N, Jansen, PA, Joly, CA, Joseph, S, Kartawinata, K, Kearsley, E, Kelly, DL, Kessler, M, Killeen, TJ, Kooyman, RM, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SG, Laurance, WF, Lawes, MJ, Letcher, SG, Lindsell, J, Lovett, J, Lozada, J, Lu, X, Lykke, AM, Bin Mahmud, K, and Mahayani, NPD

Abstract

© 2017 IEEE. Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world's tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world's tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northernhemisphere forests.

Published
2018

4. Diversity enhances carbon storage in tropical forests

Author

Poorter, L., van der Sande, M.T., Thompson, J., Arets, E.J.M.M., Alarcón, A., Álvarez-Sánchez, J., Ascarrunz, N., Balvanera, P., Barajas-Guzmán, G., Boit, A., Bongers, F., Carvalho, F.A., Casanoves, F., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., Costa, F.R.C., de Castilho, C.V., Duivenvoorden, J.F., Dutrieux, L.P., Enquist, B.J., Fernández-Méndez, F., Finegan, B., Gormley, L.H.L., Healey, J.R., Hoosbeek, M.R., Ibarra-Manríquez, G., Junqueira, A.B., Levis, C., Licona, J.C., Lisboa, L.S., Magnusson, W.E., Martínez-Ramos, M., Martínez-Yrizar, A., Martorano, L.G., Maskell, L.C., Mazzei, L., Meave, J.A., Mora, F., Muñoz, R., Nytch, C., Pansonato, M.P., Parr, T.W., Paz, H., Pérez-García, E.A., Rentería, L.Y., Rodríguez-Velazquez, J., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Ruschel, A.R., Sakschewski, B., Salgado-Negret, B., Schietti, J., Simões, M., Sinclair, F.L., Souza, P.F., Souza, F.C., Stropp, J., ter Steege, H., Swenson, N.G., Thonicke, K., Toledo, M., Uriarte, M., van der Hout, P., Walker, P., Zamora, N., Peña-Claros, M., Poorter, L., van der Sande, M.T., Thompson, J., Arets, E.J.M.M., Alarcón, A., Álvarez-Sánchez, J., Ascarrunz, N., Balvanera, P., Barajas-Guzmán, G., Boit, A., Bongers, F., Carvalho, F.A., Casanoves, F., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., Costa, F.R.C., de Castilho, C.V., Duivenvoorden, J.F., Dutrieux, L.P., Enquist, B.J., Fernández-Méndez, F., Finegan, B., Gormley, L.H.L., Healey, J.R., Hoosbeek, M.R., Ibarra-Manríquez, G., Junqueira, A.B., Levis, C., Licona, J.C., Lisboa, L.S., Magnusson, W.E., Martínez-Ramos, M., Martínez-Yrizar, A., Martorano, L.G., Maskell, L.C., Mazzei, L., Meave, J.A., Mora, F., Muñoz, R., Nytch, C., Pansonato, M.P., Parr, T.W., Paz, H., Pérez-García, E.A., Rentería, L.Y., Rodríguez-Velazquez, J., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Ruschel, A.R., Sakschewski, B., Salgado-Negret, B., Schietti, J., Simões, M., Sinclair, F.L., Souza, P.F., Souza, F.C., Stropp, J., ter Steege, H., Swenson, N.G., Thonicke, K., Toledo, M., Uriarte, M., van der Hout, P., Walker, P., Zamora, N., and Peña-Claros, M.

Abstract

Aim: Tropical forests store 25% of global carbon and harbour 96% of the world's tree species, but it is not clear whether this high biodiversity matters for carbon storage. Few studies have teased apart the relative importance of forest attributes and environmental drivers for ecosystem functioning, and no such study exists for the tropics. Location: Neotropics. Methods: We relate aboveground biomass (AGB) to forest attributes (diversity and structure) and environmental drivers (annual rainfall and soil fertility) using data from 144,000 trees, 2050 forest plots and 59 forest sites. The sites span the complete latitudinal and climatic gradients in the lowland Neotropics, with rainfall ranging from 750 to 4350 mm year−1. Relationships were analysed within forest sites at scales of 0.1 and 1 ha and across forest sites along large-scale environmental gradients. We used a structural equation model to test the hypothesis that species richness, forest structural attributes and environmental drivers have independent, positive effects on AGB. Results: Across sites, AGB was most strongly driven by rainfall, followed by average tree stem diameter and rarefied species richness, which all had positive effects on AGB. Our indicator of soil fertility (cation exchange capacity) had a negligible effect on AGB, perhaps because we used a global soil database. Taxonomic forest attributes (i.e. species richness, rarefied richness and Shannon diversity) had the strongest relationships with AGB at small spatial scales, where an additional species can still make a difference in terms of niche complementarity, while structural forest attributes (i.e. tree density and tree size) had strong relationships with AGB at all spatial scales. Main conclusions: Biodiversity has an independent, positive effect on AGB and ecosystem functioning, not only in relatively simple temperate systems but also in structurally complex hyperdiverse tropical forests. Biodiversity conservation should therefore be a

Published
2015

5. Diversity enhances carbon storage in tropical forests

Author

Poorter, L., van der Sande, M.T., Thompson, J., Arets, E.J.M.M., Alarcón, A., Álvarez-Sánchez, J., Ascarrunz, N., Balvanera, P., Barajas-Guzmán, G., Boit, A., Bongers, F., Carvalho, F.A., Casanoves, F., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., Costa, F.R.C., de Castilho, C.V., Duivenvoorden, J.F., Dutrieux, L.P., Enquist, B.J., Fernández-Méndez, F., Finegan, B., Gormley, L.H.L., Healey, J.R., Hoosbeek, M.R., Ibarra-Manríquez, G., Junqueira, A.B., Levis, C., Licona, J.C., Lisboa, L.S., Magnusson, W.E., Martínez-Ramos, M., Martínez-Yrizar, A., Martorano, L.G., Maskell, L.C., Mazzei, L., Meave, J.A., Mora, F., Muñoz, R., Nytch, C., Pansonato, M.P., Parr, T.W., Paz, H., Pérez-García, E.A., Rentería, L.Y., Rodríguez-Velazquez, J., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Ruschel, A.R., Sakschewski, B., Salgado-Negret, B., Schietti, J., Simões, M., Sinclair, F.L., Souza, P.F., Souza, F.C., Stropp, J., ter Steege, H., Swenson, N.G., Thonicke, K., Toledo, M., Uriarte, M., van der Hout, P., Walker, P., Zamora, N., Peña-Claros, M., Poorter, L., van der Sande, M.T., Thompson, J., Arets, E.J.M.M., Alarcón, A., Álvarez-Sánchez, J., Ascarrunz, N., Balvanera, P., Barajas-Guzmán, G., Boit, A., Bongers, F., Carvalho, F.A., Casanoves, F., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., Costa, F.R.C., de Castilho, C.V., Duivenvoorden, J.F., Dutrieux, L.P., Enquist, B.J., Fernández-Méndez, F., Finegan, B., Gormley, L.H.L., Healey, J.R., Hoosbeek, M.R., Ibarra-Manríquez, G., Junqueira, A.B., Levis, C., Licona, J.C., Lisboa, L.S., Magnusson, W.E., Martínez-Ramos, M., Martínez-Yrizar, A., Martorano, L.G., Maskell, L.C., Mazzei, L., Meave, J.A., Mora, F., Muñoz, R., Nytch, C., Pansonato, M.P., Parr, T.W., Paz, H., Pérez-García, E.A., Rentería, L.Y., Rodríguez-Velazquez, J., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Ruschel, A.R., Sakschewski, B., Salgado-Negret, B., Schietti, J., Simões, M., Sinclair, F.L., Souza, P.F., Souza, F.C., Stropp, J., ter Steege, H., Swenson, N.G., Thonicke, K., Toledo, M., Uriarte, M., van der Hout, P., Walker, P., Zamora, N., and Peña-Claros, M.

Abstract

Aim: Tropical forests store 25% of global carbon and harbour 96% of the world's tree species, but it is not clear whether this high biodiversity matters for carbon storage. Few studies have teased apart the relative importance of forest attributes and environmental drivers for ecosystem functioning, and no such study exists for the tropics. Location: Neotropics. Methods: We relate aboveground biomass (AGB) to forest attributes (diversity and structure) and environmental drivers (annual rainfall and soil fertility) using data from 144,000 trees, 2050 forest plots and 59 forest sites. The sites span the complete latitudinal and climatic gradients in the lowland Neotropics, with rainfall ranging from 750 to 4350 mm year−1. Relationships were analysed within forest sites at scales of 0.1 and 1 ha and across forest sites along large-scale environmental gradients. We used a structural equation model to test the hypothesis that species richness, forest structural attributes and environmental drivers have independent, positive effects on AGB. Results: Across sites, AGB was most strongly driven by rainfall, followed by average tree stem diameter and rarefied species richness, which all had positive effects on AGB. Our indicator of soil fertility (cation exchange capacity) had a negligible effect on AGB, perhaps because we used a global soil database. Taxonomic forest attributes (i.e. species richness, rarefied richness and Shannon diversity) had the strongest relationships with AGB at small spatial scales, where an additional species can still make a difference in terms of niche complementarity, while structural forest attributes (i.e. tree density and tree size) had strong relationships with AGB at all spatial scales. Main conclusions: Biodiversity has an independent, positive effect on AGB and ecosystem functioning, not only in relatively simple temperate systems but also in structurally complex hyperdiverse tropical forests. Biodiversity conservation should therefore be a

Published
2015

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