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Your search keyword '"Ieremia M."' showing total 9 results
Start Over Author "Ieremia M." Publication Type Electronic Resources
9 results on '"Ieremia M."'

1. Estimating mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa using spot urine samples

Author

Santos, JA, Rosewarne, E ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5748-3953, Hogendorf, M, Trieu, K ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-2741, Pillay, A, Ieremia, M, Naseri, LTT, Tukana, I, Snowdon, W, Petersen, K, Webster, J ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-3340, Santos, Joseph Alvin, Santos, JA, Rosewarne, E ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5748-3953, Hogendorf, M, Trieu, K ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-2741, Pillay, A, Ieremia, M, Naseri, LTT, Tukana, I, Snowdon, W, Petersen, K, Webster, J ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-3340, and Santos, Joseph Alvin

Abstract

Background: There is an increasing interest in finding less costly and burdensome alternatives to measuring population-level salt intake than 24-h urine collection, such as spot urine samples. However, little is known about their usefulness in developing countries like Fiji and Samoa. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of spot urine samples to estimate mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa. Methods: The study involved secondary analyses of urine data from cross-sectional surveys conducted in Fiji and Samoa between 2012 and 2016. Mean salt intake was estimated from spot urine samples using six equations, and compared with the measured salt intake from 24-h urine samples. Differences and agreement between the two methods were examined through paired samples t-test, intraclass correlation coefficient analysis, and Bland-Altman plots and analyses. Results: A total of 414 participants from Fiji and 725 participants from Samoa were included. Unweighted mean salt intake based on 24-h urine collection was 10.58 g/day (95% CI 9.95 to 11.22) in Fiji and 7.09 g/day (95% CI 6.83 to 7.36) in Samoa. In both samples, the INTERSALT equation with potassium produced the closest salt intake estimate to the 24-h urine (difference of-0.92 g/day, 95% CI-1.67 to-0.18 in the Fiji sample and + 1.53 g/day, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.77 in the Samoa sample). The presence of proportional bias was evident for all equations except for the Kawasaki equation. Conclusion: These data suggest that additional studies where both 24-h urine and spot urine samples are collected are needed to further assess whether methods based on spot urine samples can be confidently used to estimate mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa.

Published
2019

2. Process evaluation of Samoa's national salt reduction strategy (MASIMA): What interventions can be successfully replicated in lower-income countries?

Author

Trieu, K ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-2741, Webster, J ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-3340, Jan, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2839-1405, Hope, S, Naseri, T, Ieremia, M, Bell, C, Snowdon, W, Moodie, M, Trieu, K ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-2741, Webster, J ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-3340, Jan, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2839-1405, Hope, S, Naseri, T, Ieremia, M, Bell, C, Snowdon, W, and Moodie, M

Abstract

Background: Evidence for recommended interventions to reduce population salt intake come from high-income countries, but it is unknown if these can be successfully replicated in low- and middle-income countries. This process evaluation investigated the reach, dose/adoption, fidelity, cost, and context of a national salt reduction program of interventions in Samoa. Methods: Monitoring and Action on Salt in Samoa (MASIMA) was a pre- and post-intervention study of a government-led strategy to lower population salt intake comprising awareness campaigns, community mobilization and policy and environmental changes. Data relating to the five process evaluation dimensions were collected from routinely collected data, a post-intervention survey and stakeholder interviews. Chi-squared tests assessed differences in quantitative survey responses among groups. Thematic analysis of qualitative interview responses was undertaken and triangulated with the quantitative data. Results: Awareness campaigns, school nutrition standards, and community mobilization interventions were implemented with moderate reach and fidelity. Higher than expected costs of campaigns and limited opportunity (one-off) to mobilize community leaders to disseminate salt reduction messages were key implementation challenges, which meant intervention dose was low. Environmental-level initiatives including engagement with the food industry to voluntary reduce salt in foods and the introduction of salt-related regulations were more challenging to implement within 18-months, particularly given the delay in the passing of the Food Act which provides for enforcement of regulations. Contextual factors that hindered the interventions' mechanism of effect include the food culture, higher cost, and lower availability of healthy low-salt foods relative to unhealthy foods and salty taste preference. Conclusion: Although individual and community-based interventions helped increase awareness about the importance of salt red

Published
2018

3. Effects of a nationwide strategy to reduce salt intake in Samoa

Author

Trieu, K ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-2741, Ieremia, M, Santos, J, Neal, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-7465, Woodward, M ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-5296, Moodie, M, Bell, C, Snowdon, W, Faumuina, T, Webster, J ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-3340, Trieu, K ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-2741, Ieremia, M, Santos, J, Neal, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-7465, Woodward, M ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-5296, Moodie, M, Bell, C, Snowdon, W, Faumuina, T, and Webster, J ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-3340

Abstract

Objective: Salt reduction is one of the most cost-effective interventions for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases, but there are no studies evaluating the effectiveness of national strategies in low or lower middle income countries. This study aimed to examine the effect of an 18-month nation-wide salt reduction strategy in Samoa. Methods: Two nationally representative cross-sectional surveys of adults aged 18-64 years, measuring 24-h urinary salt excretion and salt-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, were conducted before (2013) and after (2015) the intervention. Results: There were 234 participants at baseline (response rate 47%) and 479 at 18 months (response rate 61%). There was no change in mean population salt intake between 2013 (7.31g/day) and 2015 (7.50g/day) (0.19, 95% confidence interval-0.50 to 0.88; P=0.588). There were significant changes in the proportion of the population who always or often add discretionary salt when eating (-16.2%, P=0.002), the proportion who understood the adverse effects of salt (+9.0%, P=0.049) and the proportion using one or more methods to control their salt intake (+20.9%, P<0.001). A total of 73% reported that they had heard or seen the salt reduction messages. Conclusion: With widespread awareness of the salt reduction message and some improvements in salt-related knowledge and behaviours following the intervention, Samoa is now well positioned to implement much-needed structural initiatives or policies to reduce salt in the food supply.

Published
2018

4. A systematic review of economic evaluations of population-based sodium reduction interventions

Author

Patra, Jayadeep, Hope, SF, Webster, J ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-3340, Trieu, K ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-2741, Pillay, A, Ieremia, M, Bell, C, Snowdon, W, Neal, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-7465, Moodie, M, Patra, Jayadeep, Hope, SF, Webster, J ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-3340, Trieu, K ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-2741, Pillay, A, Ieremia, M, Bell, C, Snowdon, W, Neal, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-7465, and Moodie, M

Abstract

Objective To summarise evidence describing the cost-effectiveness of population-based interventions targeting sodium reduction. Methods A systematic search of published and grey literature databases and websites was conducted using specified key words. Characteristics of identified economic evaluations were recorded, and included studies were appraised for reporting quality using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist. Results Twenty studies met the study inclusion criteria and received a full paper review. Fourteen studies were identified as full economic evaluations in that they included both costs and benefits associated with an intervention measured against a comparator. Most studies were modelling exercises based on scenarios for achieving salt reduction and assumed effects on health outcomes. All 14 studies concluded that their specified intervention(s) targeting reductions in population sodium consumption were cost-effective, and in the majority of cases, were cost saving. Just over half the studies (8/14) were assessed as being of 'excellent' reporting quality, five studies fell into the 'very good' quality category and one into the 'good' category. All of the identified evaluations were based on modelling, whereby inputs for all the key parameters including the effect size were either drawn from published datasets, existing literature or based on expert advice. Conclusion Despite a clear increase in evaluations of salt reduction programs in recent years, this review identified relatively few economic evaluations of population salt reduction interventions. None of the studies were based on actual implementation of intervention(s) and the associated collection of new empirical data. The studies universally showed that populationbased salt reduction strategies are likely to be cost effective or cost saving. However, given the reliance on modelling, there is a need for the effectiveness of new interventions to be eval

Published
2017

5. Developing consensus measures for global programs: Lessons from the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases Hypertension research program.

Author

Li X., Oldenburg B., Riddell M., Srikanth V., Heritier S., Kalyanram K., Kartik K., Suresh O., Maulik P., Salam A., Sudhir T., Thankappan K., Thirunavukkarasu S., Varma R., Thomas N., Clifford G., Prabhakaran D., Thom S., Shivashankar R., Mohan S., Reddy K.S., Krishnan A., Faletoese S., Ieremia M., Ulberg C., Viali S., Pillay A., Sukhu A., Schultz J., Siitia J., Snowdon W., Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Cardenas M.K., Gilman R.H., Miranda J.J., Diez-Canseco F., Ponce-Lucero V., Sacksteder K., Gyamfi J., Ogedegbe O., Apusiga K., Cooper R., Ntim M., Plange-Rhule J., Rotich J., Binanay C., Finkelstein E., Bloomfield G., DeLong A., Hogan J., Inui T., Naanyu V., Fuster V., Horowitz C., Kimaiyo S., Kofler C., Menya D., Kamano J.H., Vedanthan R., Velazquez E., Were M., Dolan J., Irazola V., Krousel-Wood M., Augustovski F., Beratarrechea A., Chen J., He J., Mills K., Poggio R., Rubinstein A., Shi L., Webber L., Akinyemi R., Arulogun O., Hurst S., Waddy S., Warth S., Gebregziabher M., Uvere E., Riddell M.A., Edwards N., Thompson S.R., Bernabe-Ortiz A., Praveen D., Johnson C., Kengne A.P., Liu P., McCready T., Ng E., Nieuwlaat R., Ovbiagele B., Owolabi M., Peiris D., Thrift A.G., Tobe S., Yusoff K., de Villiers A., He F., MacGregor G., Jan S., Neal B., Chow C., Joshi R., MacMahon S., Patel A., Rodgers A., Webster R., Keat N.K., Attaran A., Mills E., Muldoon K., Yaya S., Featherstone A., Mukasa B., Forrest J., Kalyesubula R., Kamwesiga J., Lopez P.C., Tayari J.-C., Lopez P., Casas J.L., McKee M., Zainal A.O., Yusuf S., Campbell N., Kilonzo K., Marr M., Yeates K., Feng X., Yuan J., Lin C.-P., Yan L., Zhang J., Wu Y., Ma J., Wang H., Ma Y., Nowson C., Moodie M., Goudge J., Kabudula C., Limbani F., Masilela N., Myakayaka N., Gomez-Olive F.X., Thorogood M., Arabshahi S., Evans R., Mahal A., Li X., Oldenburg B., Riddell M., Srikanth V., Heritier S., Kalyanram K., Kartik K., Suresh O., Maulik P., Salam A., Sudhir T., Thankappan K., Thirunavukkarasu S., Varma R., Thomas N., Clifford G., Prabhakaran D., Thom S., Shivashankar R., Mohan S., Reddy K.S., Krishnan A., Faletoese S., Ieremia M., Ulberg C., Viali S., Pillay A., Sukhu A., Schultz J., Siitia J., Snowdon W., Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Cardenas M.K., Gilman R.H., Miranda J.J., Diez-Canseco F., Ponce-Lucero V., Sacksteder K., Gyamfi J., Ogedegbe O., Apusiga K., Cooper R., Ntim M., Plange-Rhule J., Rotich J., Binanay C., Finkelstein E., Bloomfield G., DeLong A., Hogan J., Inui T., Naanyu V., Fuster V., Horowitz C., Kimaiyo S., Kofler C., Menya D., Kamano J.H., Vedanthan R., Velazquez E., Were M., Dolan J., Irazola V., Krousel-Wood M., Augustovski F., Beratarrechea A., Chen J., He J., Mills K., Poggio R., Rubinstein A., Shi L., Webber L., Akinyemi R., Arulogun O., Hurst S., Waddy S., Warth S., Gebregziabher M., Uvere E., Riddell M.A., Edwards N., Thompson S.R., Bernabe-Ortiz A., Praveen D., Johnson C., Kengne A.P., Liu P., McCready T., Ng E., Nieuwlaat R., Ovbiagele B., Owolabi M., Peiris D., Thrift A.G., Tobe S., Yusoff K., de Villiers A., He F., MacGregor G., Jan S., Neal B., Chow C., Joshi R., MacMahon S., Patel A., Rodgers A., Webster R., Keat N.K., Attaran A., Mills E., Muldoon K., Yaya S., Featherstone A., Mukasa B., Forrest J., Kalyesubula R., Kamwesiga J., Lopez P.C., Tayari J.-C., Lopez P., Casas J.L., McKee M., Zainal A.O., Yusuf S., Campbell N., Kilonzo K., Marr M., Yeates K., Feng X., Yuan J., Lin C.-P., Yan L., Zhang J., Wu Y., Ma J., Wang H., Ma Y., Nowson C., Moodie M., Goudge J., Kabudula C., Limbani F., Masilela N., Myakayaka N., Gomez-Olive F.X., Thorogood M., Arabshahi S., Evans R., and Mahal A.

Abstract

Background: The imperative to improve global health has prompted transnational research partnerships to investigate common health issues on a larger scale. The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD) is an alliance of national research funding agencies. To enhance research funded by GACD members, this study aimed to standardise data collection methods across the 15 GACD hypertension research teams and evaluate the uptake of these standardised measurements. Furthermore we describe concerns and difficulties associated with the data harmonisation process highlighted and debated during annual meetings of the GACD funded investigators. With these concerns and issues in mind, a working group comprising representatives from the 15 studies iteratively identified and proposed a set of common measures for inclusion in each of the teams' data collection plans. One year later all teams were asked which consensus measures had been implemented. Result(s): Important issues were identified during the data harmonisation process relating to data ownership, sharing methodologies and ethical concerns. Measures were assessed across eight domains; demographic; dietary; clinical and anthropometric; medical history; hypertension knowledge; physical activity; behavioural (smoking and alcohol); and biochemical domains. Identifying validated measures relevant across a variety of settings presented some difficulties. The resulting GACD hypertension data dictionary comprises 67 consensus measures. Of the 14 responding teams, only two teams were including more than 50 consensus variables, five teams were including between 25 and 50 consensus variables and four teams were including between 6 and 24 consensus variables, one team did not provide details of the variables collected and two teams did not include any of the consensus variables as the project had already commenced or the measures were not relevant to their study. Conclusion(s): Deriving consensus measures across diverse research pro

Published
2017

6. Developing consensus measures for global programs: Lessons from the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases Hypertension research program.

Author

Li X., Oldenburg B., Riddell M., Srikanth V., Heritier S., Kalyanram K., Kartik K., Suresh O., Maulik P., Salam A., Sudhir T., Thankappan K., Thirunavukkarasu S., Varma R., Thomas N., Clifford G., Prabhakaran D., Thom S., Shivashankar R., Mohan S., Reddy K.S., Krishnan A., Faletoese S., Ieremia M., Ulberg C., Viali S., Pillay A., Sukhu A., Schultz J., Siitia J., Snowdon W., Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Cardenas M.K., Gilman R.H., Miranda J.J., Diez-Canseco F., Ponce-Lucero V., Sacksteder K., Gyamfi J., Ogedegbe O., Apusiga K., Cooper R., Ntim M., Plange-Rhule J., Rotich J., Binanay C., Finkelstein E., Bloomfield G., DeLong A., Hogan J., Inui T., Naanyu V., Fuster V., Horowitz C., Kimaiyo S., Kofler C., Menya D., Kamano J.H., Vedanthan R., Velazquez E., Were M., Dolan J., Irazola V., Krousel-Wood M., Augustovski F., Beratarrechea A., Chen J., He J., Mills K., Poggio R., Rubinstein A., Shi L., Webber L., Akinyemi R., Arulogun O., Hurst S., Waddy S., Warth S., Gebregziabher M., Uvere E., Riddell M.A., Edwards N., Thompson S.R., Bernabe-Ortiz A., Praveen D., Johnson C., Kengne A.P., Liu P., McCready T., Ng E., Nieuwlaat R., Ovbiagele B., Owolabi M., Peiris D., Thrift A.G., Tobe S., Yusoff K., de Villiers A., He F., MacGregor G., Jan S., Neal B., Chow C., Joshi R., MacMahon S., Patel A., Rodgers A., Webster R., Keat N.K., Attaran A., Mills E., Muldoon K., Yaya S., Featherstone A., Mukasa B., Forrest J., Kalyesubula R., Kamwesiga J., Lopez P.C., Tayari J.-C., Lopez P., Casas J.L., McKee M., Zainal A.O., Yusuf S., Campbell N., Kilonzo K., Marr M., Yeates K., Feng X., Yuan J., Lin C.-P., Yan L., Zhang J., Wu Y., Ma J., Wang H., Ma Y., Nowson C., Moodie M., Goudge J., Kabudula C., Limbani F., Masilela N., Myakayaka N., Gomez-Olive F.X., Thorogood M., Arabshahi S., Evans R., Mahal A., Li X., Oldenburg B., Riddell M., Srikanth V., Heritier S., Kalyanram K., Kartik K., Suresh O., Maulik P., Salam A., Sudhir T., Thankappan K., Thirunavukkarasu S., Varma R., Thomas N., Clifford G., Prabhakaran D., Thom S., Shivashankar R., Mohan S., Reddy K.S., Krishnan A., Faletoese S., Ieremia M., Ulberg C., Viali S., Pillay A., Sukhu A., Schultz J., Siitia J., Snowdon W., Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Cardenas M.K., Gilman R.H., Miranda J.J., Diez-Canseco F., Ponce-Lucero V., Sacksteder K., Gyamfi J., Ogedegbe O., Apusiga K., Cooper R., Ntim M., Plange-Rhule J., Rotich J., Binanay C., Finkelstein E., Bloomfield G., DeLong A., Hogan J., Inui T., Naanyu V., Fuster V., Horowitz C., Kimaiyo S., Kofler C., Menya D., Kamano J.H., Vedanthan R., Velazquez E., Were M., Dolan J., Irazola V., Krousel-Wood M., Augustovski F., Beratarrechea A., Chen J., He J., Mills K., Poggio R., Rubinstein A., Shi L., Webber L., Akinyemi R., Arulogun O., Hurst S., Waddy S., Warth S., Gebregziabher M., Uvere E., Riddell M.A., Edwards N., Thompson S.R., Bernabe-Ortiz A., Praveen D., Johnson C., Kengne A.P., Liu P., McCready T., Ng E., Nieuwlaat R., Ovbiagele B., Owolabi M., Peiris D., Thrift A.G., Tobe S., Yusoff K., de Villiers A., He F., MacGregor G., Jan S., Neal B., Chow C., Joshi R., MacMahon S., Patel A., Rodgers A., Webster R., Keat N.K., Attaran A., Mills E., Muldoon K., Yaya S., Featherstone A., Mukasa B., Forrest J., Kalyesubula R., Kamwesiga J., Lopez P.C., Tayari J.-C., Lopez P., Casas J.L., McKee M., Zainal A.O., Yusuf S., Campbell N., Kilonzo K., Marr M., Yeates K., Feng X., Yuan J., Lin C.-P., Yan L., Zhang J., Wu Y., Ma J., Wang H., Ma Y., Nowson C., Moodie M., Goudge J., Kabudula C., Limbani F., Masilela N., Myakayaka N., Gomez-Olive F.X., Thorogood M., Arabshahi S., Evans R., and Mahal A.

Abstract

Background: The imperative to improve global health has prompted transnational research partnerships to investigate common health issues on a larger scale. The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD) is an alliance of national research funding agencies. To enhance research funded by GACD members, this study aimed to standardise data collection methods across the 15 GACD hypertension research teams and evaluate the uptake of these standardised measurements. Furthermore we describe concerns and difficulties associated with the data harmonisation process highlighted and debated during annual meetings of the GACD funded investigators. With these concerns and issues in mind, a working group comprising representatives from the 15 studies iteratively identified and proposed a set of common measures for inclusion in each of the teams' data collection plans. One year later all teams were asked which consensus measures had been implemented. Result(s): Important issues were identified during the data harmonisation process relating to data ownership, sharing methodologies and ethical concerns. Measures were assessed across eight domains; demographic; dietary; clinical and anthropometric; medical history; hypertension knowledge; physical activity; behavioural (smoking and alcohol); and biochemical domains. Identifying validated measures relevant across a variety of settings presented some difficulties. The resulting GACD hypertension data dictionary comprises 67 consensus measures. Of the 14 responding teams, only two teams were including more than 50 consensus variables, five teams were including between 25 and 50 consensus variables and four teams were including between 6 and 24 consensus variables, one team did not provide details of the variables collected and two teams did not include any of the consensus variables as the project had already commenced or the measures were not relevant to their study. Conclusion(s): Deriving consensus measures across diverse research pro

Published
2017

7. The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases Supports 15 Major Studies in Hypertension Prevention and Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Author

W.Tobe, S, Attaran, A, de Villiers, A, Featherstone, A, Forrest, J, Kalyesubula, R, Kamwesiga, J, Kengne, AP, Lopez, PC, Mills, E, Mukasa, B, Muldoon, K, Tayari, JC, Yaya, S, Kien Keat, N, Casas, JL, McCready, T, McKee, M, Ng, E, Nieuwlaat, R, Zainal, AO, Yusoff, K, Yusuf, S, Campbell, N, Kilonzo, K, Liu, P, Marr, M, Yeates, K, Feng, X, He, F, Jan, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2839-1405, Li, X ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-4022, Lin, CP, Ma, J, Ma, Y, MacGregor, G, Nowson, C, Wang, H, Wu, Y, Yan, L, Yuan, J, Zhang, J, Goudge, J, Kabudula, C, Limbani, F, Masilela, N, Myakayaka, N, Thorogood, M, Gómez-Olivé, FX, Arabshahi, S, Chow, C, Evans, R, Joshi, R ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3374-401X, Kalyanram, K, Kartik, K, Mahal, A, Maulik, P ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-6175, Oldenburg, B, Riddell, M ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8852-0569, Srikanth, V, Suresh, O, Thankappan, K, Thirunavukkarasu, S, Thomas, N, Thrift, AG, Varma, R, Clifford, G, Heritier, S, MacMahon, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2064-7699, Patel, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3825-4092, Peiris, D ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6898-3870, Prabhakaran, D, Praveen, D ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-943X, Rodgers, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1282-1896, Salam, A, Thom, S, Webster, R ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-1098, Johnson, C ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1497-7651, Krishnan, A, Mohan, S, Neal, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-7465, Reddy, KS, Shivashankar, R, Sudhir, T, Faletoese, S, Ieremia, M, Moodie, M, Pillay, A, Schultz, J, Siitia, J, Snowdon, W, Sukhu, A, Ulberg, C, Viali, S, Webster, J ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-3340, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Cárdenas, MK, Diez-Canseco, F, Gilman, RH, Mohammad, Mohammad ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-7936, W.Tobe, S, Attaran, A, de Villiers, A, Featherstone, A, Forrest, J, Kalyesubula, R, Kamwesiga, J, Kengne, AP, Lopez, PC, Mills, E, Mukasa, B, Muldoon, K, Tayari, JC, Yaya, S, Kien Keat, N, Casas, JL, McCready, T, McKee, M, Ng, E, Nieuwlaat, R, Zainal, AO, Yusoff, K, Yusuf, S, Campbell, N, Kilonzo, K, Liu, P, Marr, M, Yeates, K, Feng, X, He, F, Jan, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2839-1405, Li, X ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-4022, Lin, CP, Ma, J, Ma, Y, MacGregor, G, Nowson, C, Wang, H, Wu, Y, Yan, L, Yuan, J, Zhang, J, Goudge, J, Kabudula, C, Limbani, F, Masilela, N, Myakayaka, N, Thorogood, M, Gómez-Olivé, FX, Arabshahi, S, Chow, C, Evans, R, Joshi, R ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3374-401X, Kalyanram, K, Kartik, K, Mahal, A, Maulik, P ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6835-6175, Oldenburg, B, Riddell, M ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8852-0569, Srikanth, V, Suresh, O, Thankappan, K, Thirunavukkarasu, S, Thomas, N, Thrift, AG, Varma, R, Clifford, G, Heritier, S, MacMahon, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2064-7699, Patel, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3825-4092, Peiris, D ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6898-3870, Prabhakaran, D, Praveen, D ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-943X, Rodgers, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1282-1896, Salam, A, Thom, S, Webster, R ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-1098, Johnson, C ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1497-7651, Krishnan, A, Mohan, S, Neal, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-7465, Reddy, KS, Shivashankar, R, Sudhir, T, Faletoese, S, Ieremia, M, Moodie, M, Pillay, A, Schultz, J, Siitia, J, Snowdon, W, Sukhu, A, Ulberg, C, Viali, S, Webster, J ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-3340, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Cárdenas, MK, Diez-Canseco, F, Gilman, RH, and Mohammad, Mohammad ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5870-7936

Published
2016

8. Salt Intakes, Knowledge, and Behavior in Samoa: Monitoring Salt-Consumption Patterns Through the World Health Organization's Surveillance of Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors (STEPS)

Author

Webster, J ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-3340, Su'a, SAF, Ieremia, M, Bompoint, S, Johnson, C ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1497-7651, Faeamani, G, Vaiaso, M, Snowdon, W, Land, MA, Trieu, K ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-2741, Viali, S, Moodie, M, Bell, C, Neal, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-7465, Woodward, M ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-5296, Webster, J ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-3340, Su'a, SAF, Ieremia, M, Bompoint, S, Johnson, C ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1497-7651, Faeamani, G, Vaiaso, M, Snowdon, W, Land, MA, Trieu, K ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-2741, Viali, S, Moodie, M, Bell, C, Neal, B ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0490-7465, and Woodward, M ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9800-5296

Abstract

This project measured population salt intake in Samoa by integrating urinary sodium analysis into the World Health Organization's (WHO's) STEPwise approach to surveillance of noncommunicable disease risk factors (STEPS). A subsample of the Samoan Ministry of Health's 2013 STEPS Survey collected 24-hour and spot urine samples and completed questions on salt-related behaviors. Complete urine samples were available for 293 participants. Overall, weighted mean population 24-hour urine excretion of salt was 7.09 g (standard error 0.19) to 7.63 g (standard error 0.27) for men and 6.39 g (standard error 0.14) for women (P=.0014). Salt intake increased with body mass index (P=.0004), and people who added salt at the table had 1.5 g higher salt intakes than those who did not add salt (P=.0422). A total of 70% of the population had urinary excretion values above the 5 g/d cutoff recommended by the WHO. A reduction of 30% (2 g) would reduce average population salt intake to 5 g/d, in line with WHO recommendations. While challenging, integration of salt monitoring into STEPS provides clear logistical and cost benefits and the lessons communicated here can help inform future programs.

Published
2016

9. Innovative Approaches to Hypertension Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Author

Pillay A., Ovbiagele B., Owolabi M., Peiris D., Ponce-Lucero V., Praveen D., Schwalm J.-D., Fuster V., Yusoff K., Trieu K., Tobe S.W., Vedanthan R., Bernabe-Ortiz A., Herasme O.I., Joshi R., Lopez-Jaramillo P., Thrift A.G., Webster J., Webster R., Yeates K., Gyamfi J., Ieremia M., Johnson C., Kamano J.H., Lazo-Porras M., Limbani F., Liu P., McCready T., Miranda J.J., Mohan S., Ogedegbe O., Oldenburg B., Pillay A., Ovbiagele B., Owolabi M., Peiris D., Ponce-Lucero V., Praveen D., Schwalm J.-D., Fuster V., Yusoff K., Trieu K., Tobe S.W., Vedanthan R., Bernabe-Ortiz A., Herasme O.I., Joshi R., Lopez-Jaramillo P., Thrift A.G., Webster J., Webster R., Yeates K., Gyamfi J., Ieremia M., Johnson C., Kamano J.H., Lazo-Porras M., Limbani F., Liu P., McCready T., Miranda J.J., Mohan S., Ogedegbe O., and Oldenburg B.

Abstract

Elevated blood pressure, a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and stroke, is the leading global risk for mortality. Treatment and control rates are very low in low- and middle-income countries. There is an urgent need to address this problem. The Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases sponsored research projects focus on controlling hypertension, including community engagement, salt reduction, salt substitution, task redistribution, mHealth, and fixed-dose combination therapies. This paper reviews the rationale for each approach and summarizes the experience of some of the research teams. The studies demonstrate innovative and practical methods for improving hypertension control.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc.

Published
2016

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