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Several biological markers have been identified as risk factors for cardiovascular disease and are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study provides a factual information on promising biomarkers that are associated with MetS and can aid in early detection and management of MetS in young adults of Western Algeria. We studied a total of one hundred subjects aged between thirty and forty years with MetS, in which anthropometric measurements, insulin resistance, C peptide and HbA1c, lipid profile, circulating adipokines and glucagon-like peptide-1 were measured by suitable methods, in comparison to two groups of control. MetS is closely linked to altered glucose homeostasis, the plasma insulin/glucose ratio; i.e. the insulinogenic index helps to estimate the level of insulin secretion and also for assessing β-cell function. The correlation between homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and HbA1c, body mass index or plasma triglycerides yielded positive and significant values. Biomarkers with a known and predictable association with MetS can provide a means to detect those at risk and intervene as needed. This could significantly decrease the burden complications impose on patients and the healthcare system., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Introduction: We wanted to determine vitamin D status after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to evaluate whether levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) are associated with beta cell function, insulin resistance or a diagnosis of diabetes after GDM. Material and methods: Glucose homeostasis was assessed during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test one to two years after delivery in 376 women with previous GDM (287 European and 78 non-European, including 33 Arab and 35 Asian women). Insulin resistance was estimated using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The insulinogenic index (I/G30) and the disposition index [(I/G30)/HOMA-IR] were used to calculate insulin secretion. Concentrations of serum 25OHD3 were determined. Results: Mean (±SD) 25OHD3 concentration was 50.0 ± 22.3 nmol/L and differed significantly among subgroups of body mass index, ethnicity, and glucose tolerance status; 53% had 25OHD3 levels <50 nmol/L and 87% had 25OHD3 levels <75 nmol/L. There was a negative correlation between 25OHD3 concentration and HOMA-IR (p < 0.001) and a positive correlation between 25OHD3 and disposition index (p = 0.002) in univariable regression analysis. Correlations attenuated after adjustment for body mass index. In univariable regression analysis, 25OHD3 concentrations were significantly associated with diabetes after GDM (p = 0.004). However, in a multivariable model, non-European origin, HOMA-IR and insulinogenic index were significantly associated with postpartum diabetes, whereas 25OHD3 concentrations were not. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in previous GDM cases appears to be associated with beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance, but not with postpartum diabetes when factors well known to influence type-2 diabetes were adjusted for.

Creatine supplementation may exert beneficial effects on muscle performance and facilitate peripheral glucose disposal in both rats and human subjects. The present study was undertaken to explore the effects of creatine supplementation on the ATP, creatine, phosphocreatine and glycogen content of white and red gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and on blood D-glucose and plasma insulin concentrations before and during an intravenous glucose tolerance test in Goto-Kakizaki rats, a current animal model of inherited type 2 diabetes mellitus. Creatine supplementation increased muscle creatine content, especially in the soleus muscle of young rats (+35.5-/+15.8%; d.f.=10; p<0.05), and lowered the insulinogenic index, i.e. the paired ratio between plasma insulin and blood D-glucose concentrations. The latter change was mainly attributable to a lowering of plasma insulin concentration. It is proposed, therefore, that creatine supplementation may improve the sensitivity to insulin in extrapancreatic sites in the present animal model of type 2 diabetes., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Creatine supplementation may exert beneficial effects on muscle performance and facilitate peripheral glucose disposal in both rats and human subjects. The present study was undertaken to explore the effects of creatine supplementation on the ATP, creatine, phosphocreatine and glycogen content of white and red gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and on blood D-glucose and plasma insulin concentrations before and during an intravenous glucose tolerance test in Goto-Kakizaki rats, a current animal model of inherited type 2 diabetes mellitus. Creatine supplementation increased muscle creatine content, especially in the soleus muscle of young rats (+35.5-/+15.8%; d.f.=10; p<0.05), and lowered the insulinogenic index, i.e. the paired ratio between plasma insulin and blood D-glucose concentrations. The latter change was mainly attributable to a lowering of plasma insulin concentration. It is proposed, therefore, that creatine supplementation may improve the sensitivity to insulin in extrapancreatic sites in the present animal model of type 2 diabetes., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published