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We study the off-shell structure of the two-loop effective action in $6D, {\cal N}=(1,1)$ supersymmetric gauge theories formulated in ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ harmonic superspace. The off-shell effective action involving all fields of $6D, {\cal N}=(1,1)$ supermultiplet is constructed by the harmonic superfield background field method, which ensures both manifest gauge covariance and manifest ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ supersymmetry. We analyze the off-shell divergences dependent on both gauge and hypermultiplet superfields and argue that the gauge invariance of the divergences is consistent with the non-locality in harmonics. The two-loop contributions to the effective action are given by harmonic supergraphs with the background gauge and hypermultiplet superfields. The procedure is developed to operate with the harmonic-dependent superpropagators in the two-loop supergraphs within the superfield dimensional regularization. We explicitly calculate the gauge and the hypermultiplet-mixed divergences as the coefficients of $\frac{1}{{\varepsilon}^2}$ and demonstrate that the corresponding expressions are non-local in harmonics., Comment: 1+25 pages, appendices added

We continue studying $6D, {\cal N}=(1,1)$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory in the ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ harmonic superspace formulation. Using the superfield background field method we explore the two-loop divergencies of the effective action in the gauge multiplet sector. It is explicitly demonstrated that among four two-loop background-field dependent supergraphs contributing to the effective action, only one diverges off shell. It is also shown that the divergences are proportional to the superfield classical equations of motion and hence vanish on shell. Besides, we have analyzed a possible structure of the two-loop divergences on general gauge and hypermultiplet background., Comment: 1+14 pages; v.2: Section 5 added, exposition in Section 1 partly changed; published version

The article deals with the concept of the autonomy of the aphorisms as the microtext in the macrotext (literary text). The variety of the autonomous aphorisms (absolutely autonomous and relatively autonomous aphoristic units), methods and means of their introduction in the non-aphoristic context are described in the article (based on W. Shakespeare's works).

Offshore wind farms (OWFs) are an important source of renewable energy accounting for 2.3% of the European Union's electricity demand. Yet their impact on the environment needs to be assessed. Here, we couple a hydrodynamic (including tides and waves) and sediment transport model with a description of the organic carbon and mineral particle dynamics in the water column and sediments. The model is applied to the Belgian Coastal Zone (BCZ) where OWFs currently occupy 7% of its surface area which is estimated to double in the next 5 years. The impact of OWFs on the environment is represented through the filtration of the water column and fecal pellets production by the blue mussel, the dominant fouling organism. Our model simulations show that the impact of biodeposition on the mud particle sedimentation and on sediment composition is small compared to the fluxes associated with tidal deposition and resuspension and the lateral inputs. In contrast, the total organic carbon (TOC) flux to the sediment is significantly altered inside the OWF perimeters and TOC deposition is increased up to 50% in an area 5 km around the monopiles. Further away, the TOC flux to the bottom decreases with a notable effect up to 30 km away. The major changes are found along the direction of the main residual current and tidal ellipse's major axis. In addition, sub-mesoscale gyres act as retention areas with increased carbon deposition. A future OWF in the BCZ will be located close to gravel beds in a Natura 2000 area, considered as vulnerable habitats and biodiversity hotspots. The different scenarios for this OWF, varying in turbine number and positioning, are compared in terms of impact on the carbon and mineral particle deposition flux in the BCZ and, particularly, to these gravel beds. The scenarios show that the number of turbines has only a slight impact on the TOC deposition flux, unlike their positioning that significantly alters the TOC flux to the gravel beds. The TOC deposition flu

Offshore windfarms (OWFs) offer part of the solution for the energy transition which is urgently needed to mitigate effects of climate change. Marine life has rapidly exploited the new habitat offered by windfarm structures, resulting in increased opportunities for filter- and suspension feeding organisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of organic matter (OM) deposition in the form of fecal pellets expelled by filtering epifauna in OWFs, on mineralization processes in the sediment. OM deposition fluxes produced in a 3D hydrodynamic model of the Southern Bight of the North Sea were used as input in a model of early diagenesis. Two scenarios of OWF development in the Belgian Part of the North Sea (BPNS) and its surrounding waters were calculated and compared to a no-OWF baseline simulation. The first including constructed OWFs as of 2021, the second containing additional planned OWFs by 2026. Our results show increased total mineralization rates within OWFs (27–30%) in correspondence with increased deposition of reactive organic carbon (OC) encapsulated in the OM. This leads to a buildup of OC in the upper sediment layers (increase by ∼10%) and an increase of anoxic mineralization processes. Similarly, denitrification rates within the OWFs increased, depending on the scenario, by 2–3%. Effects were not limited to the OWF itself: clear changes were noticed in sediments outside of the OWFs, which were mostly opposite to the “within-OWF” effects. This contrast generated relatively small changes when averaging values over the full modeling domain, however, certain changes, such as for example the increased storage of OC in sediments, may be of significant value for national / regional carbon management inventories. Our results add to expectations of ecosystem-wide effects of windfarms in the marine environments, which need to be researched further given the rapid rate of expansion of OWFs.

We develop a novel bi-harmonic $\mathcal{N}=4$ superspace formulation of the $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory (SYM) in four dimensions. In this approach, the $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM superfield constraints are solved in terms of on-shell $\mathcal {N}=2$ harmonic superfields. Such an approach provides a convenient tool of constructing the manifestly $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric invariants and further rewriting them in $\mathcal{N}= 2$ harmonic superspace. In particular, we present $\mathcal{N}=4$ superfield form of the leading term in the $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM effective action which was known previously in $\mathcal{N}=2$ superspace formulation., Comment: 45 pages, typos corrected, references, footnote and acknowledgement added

We consider the harmonic superspace formulation of higher-derivative $6D$, ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ supersymmetric gauge theory and its minimal coupling to a hypermultiplet. In components, the kinetic term for the gauge field in such a theory involves four space-time derivatives.The theory is quantized in the framework of the superfield background method ensuring manifest $6D$, ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ supersymmetry and the classical gauge invariance of the quantum effective action. We evaluate the superficial degree of divergence and prove it to be independent of the number of loops. Using the regularization by dimensional reduction, we find possible counterterms and show that they can be removed by the coupling constant renormalization for any number of loops, while the divergences in the hypermultiplet sector are absent at all. Assuming that the deviation of the gauge-fixing term from that in the Feynman gauge is small, we explicitly calculate the divergent part of the one-loop effective action in the lowest order in this deviation. In the approximation considered, the result is independent of the gauge-fixing parameter and agrees with the earlier calculation for the theory without a hypermultiplet., Comment: Published version, 16 pages

We apply the harmonic superspace approach for calculating the divergent part of the one-loop effective action of $6D$, ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ supersymmetric higher-derivative gauge theory with a dimensionless coupling constant. Our consideration uses the background superfield method allowing to carry out the analysis of the effective action in a manifestly gauge covariant and ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ supersymmetric way. We exploit the regularization by dimensional reduction in which the divergences are absorbed into a renormalization of the coupling constant. Having the expression for the one-loop divergences, we calculate the relevant $\beta$-function. Its sign is specified by the overall sign of the classical action which in higher-derivative theories is not fixed {\it a priori}. The result agrees with the earlier calculations in the component approach. The superfield calculation is simpler and provides possibilities for various generalizations., Comment: 18 pages, 1 figure, final version accepted for publication in JHEP

Using the superfield gauging procedure, we construct new ${\cal N}\,{=}\,2$ and ${\cal N}\,{=}\,4$ superfield systems that generalize Calogero models. In the bosonic limit, these systems yield rational Calogero models and hyperbolic Calogero-Sutherland models in the ${\cal N}\,{=}\,2$ case, and their ${\rm U}(2)$ spin generalization in the ${\cal N}\,{=}\,4$ case., Comment: 8 pages, Talk given by E. Ivanov at International Bogolyubov Conference "Problems of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics". September 9-13, 2019; Moscow-Dubna, Russia

We present the explicit superfield realizations of the hidden $SU(4)$ and $O(5)$ $R$-symmetries in $4D, {\cal N}=4$ and $5D, {\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories in the harmonic superspace approach. The $R$-symmetry transformations are constructed and their algebraic structure is studied. It is shown that such transformations are consistent with both manifest and hidden supersymmetry transformations. These symmetries can serve as an alternative tool for constructing the relevant complete low-energy superfield effective actions determined earlier from the hidden supersymmetry considerations., Comment: 0 + 27 pages, new subsection 2.1 and further clarifying comments added, typos corrected; published version

Статья посвящена исследованию событий, связанных со знаменательным фактом в экономической истории СССР, а именно: с произошедшим в 1957 году фактическим отказом государства от своих обязательств по ранее размещенным внутренним займам. Актуальность исследования обусловлена интересом, проявляемым к изучению опыта выхода из финансового кризиса. Научная новизна работы видится в том, что в оборот вводятся не публиковавшиеся ранее архивные материалы, хранящиеся в текущем архиве Территориального органа Федеральной службы государственной статистики и Центре документации общественных организаций Свердловской области. Упомянутые материалы послужили источниковой базой для написания статьи. Утверждается, что тема государственного заимствования в бывшем СССР исследована на сегодняшний день еще недостаточно. Заявляется, что с точки зрения современной экономики государственное заимствование есть непременный и обязательный атрибут государственных финансов. Констатируется, что причина необходимости такого заимствования заключена в свойстве кредита сокращать время реализации личных и общественных потребностей. Акцентируется внимание на том, что кульминационным и завершающим моментом эпохи перманентного государственного внутреннего заимствования стал, говоря современным языком, объявленный весной 1957 года фактический дефолт государства. Доказывается, что дефолт не оказал значительного влияния на состояние семейных бюджетов граждан страны. Делается вывод, что в истории Советского Союза упомянутое событие останется мероприятием пассивно-паллиативного типа., The purpose of this article is to investigate events related to a significant fact in the economic history of the USSR - the actual refusal by the state of its obligations on previously placed domestic loans in 1957. The relevance of the study is due to the interest shown in researching the experience of overcoming the financial crisis. The scientific novelty of the study is seen in the fact that archival materials not previously published are introduced into the scientific circulation. It is stated that from the point of view of the modern economy, government borrowing is an indispensable and mandatory attribute of public finances. It is stated that the reason for the need for such borrowing lies in the property of a loan to reduce the time of realization of personal and social needs. It focuses on the fact that the culmination and final moment of the era of permanent state internal borrowing was the factual default of the state declared in the spring of 1957. A review of the statements of citizens characterizing their attitude to this event is carried out. It is proved that the default did not have a significant impact on the state of the family budgets of citizens of the country. It is concluded that in the history of the Soviet Union the mentioned event will remain an event of the passive-palliative type.

In this paper, the hydrodynamics of the Southern Bight of the North Sea (SBNS) and in particular, the Belgian Coastal Zone (BCZ) is investigated on daily to seasonal time scales using a high resolution hydrodynamical model. The Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is implemented over the SBNS with 5 km resolution and downscaled at 1 km resolution over the BCZ in a two-way nesting configuration run over a three years period (i.e. 2006–2008). The benefit of using a high resolution model over the BCZ is assessed through an extensive comparison of model results with data from satellite and in-situ fixed platforms as well as reference products available for the region. The validation exercise and the results analysis are conducted with a particular focus on hydrodynamic features that are expected to impact the sediment transport. We find that despite the validation procedure does not allow to clearly demonstrate better performance of the high resolution model compared to the coarse resolution model in terms of overtidal circulation, sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS), the high resolution model resolves additional details in the variability of residual circulation and Scheldt salinity plume dynamics. The analysis of the response of the simulated hydrodynamics to atmospheric regimes for neap and spring tide highlights the major role played by the wind direction on the averaged currents and plume extension. The strongest currents and minimum plume extension are obtained under southwestern winds and neap tide while when northeastern winds prevail, the plume extension is at its maximum and the circulation is the weakest. We show that while neap tides allow the establishment of streamlined circulation, the spring tides induce more turbulent circulation which can favor the retention of transported elements. This latter property could not be resolved with the 5 km resolution model.

In this article various technological schemes for processing waste in the form of chips of an alloy of an aluminum-silicon system are presented. It was noted that the processing of fine waste of the chips type is always accompanied by oxidation of the metal due to the large surface of contact with the air. To eliminate the loss of metal into oxides during re-melting, this study proposes processing chips by pressing to obtain briquettes (a method of hot extrusion is meant by ‘pressing’). Processing involves the receipt of briquettes from rods. The processes of cold and hot briquetting were undertaken separately. The results of applying the scheme using real production waste are presented in this study. The tensile strength achieved was up to 270 MPa. The relative elongation to rupture was 10–25% and the area reduction after rupture was 25–45%. There were no large differences in the use of briquettes obtained by cold processing and hot processing. The conclusion is drawn about the overall effectiveness of the application of the waste processing without the use of the metal melting.

We consider $5D$, ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory in $5D$, ${\cal N}=1$ harmonic superspace as a theory of the interacting adjoint $5D$, ${\cal N}=1$ gauge multiplet and hypermultiplet. Using the background superfield method, we compute the leading low-energy contribution to the one-loop effective action. The result of quantum calculations precisely matches the effective action derived earlier in {\tt arXiv:1812.07206} on the pure symmetry grounds., Comment: 1+10 pages

For $6D$, ${\cal N}=(1,1)$ SYM theory formulated in ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ harmonic superspace as a theory of interacting gauge multiplet and hypermultiplet we construct the ${\cal N}=(1,1)$ supersymmetric Heisenberg-Euler-type superfield effective action. The effective action is computed for the slowly varying on-shell background fields and involves, in the bosonic sector, all powers of a constant abelian strength., Comment: 1+17 pages; v2: minor corrections, references added

In this review paper, we outline and exemplify the general method of constructing the supefield low-energy quantum effective action of supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theories with extended supersymmetry in the Coulomb phase, grounded upon the requirement of invariance under the non-manifest (hidden) part of the underlying supersymmetry. In this way we restore the ${\cal N}=4$ supersymmetric effective actions in $4D, {\cal N}=4$ SYM, ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric effective actions in $5D, {\cal N}=2$ SYM and ${\cal N}=(1,1)$ supersymmetric effective actions in $6D, {\cal N}=(1,1)$ SYM theories. The manifest off-shell fractions of the full supersymmetry are, respectively, $4D, {\cal N}=2$, $5D, {\cal N}=1$ and $6D, {\cal N}=(1,0)$ supersymmetries. In all cases the effective actions depend on the corresponding covariant superfield SYM strengths and the hypermultiplet superfields. The whole construction essentially exploits a power of the harmonic superspace formalism., Comment: 0 + 27 pages, Abstract and sec. 2 slightly modified, typos corrected; Contribution to the Volume in Honor of Andrei A. Slavnov on the occasion of his 80th Birthday. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1812.07206, arXiv:hep-th/0111062

We construct manifestly ${\cal N}=4$ supersymmetric off-shell superfield actions for the HKT $d=1$ sigma models on the group manifolds U(2) and SU(3), using the harmonic $d=1$ approach. The underlying $({\bf 4, 4, 0})$ and $({\bf 4, 4, 0})\oplus({\bf 4, 4, 0})$ multiplets are described, respectively, by one and two harmonic analytic superfields $q^+$ satisfying the appropriate nonlinear harmonic constraints. The invariant actions in both cases are bilinear in the superfields. We present the corresponding superfield realizations of the U(2) and SU(3) isometries and show that in fact they are enlarged to the products U(2)$\times$SU(2) and SU(3)$\times$U(2). We prove the corresponding invariances at both the superfield and component levels and present the bosonic $d=1$ sigma model actions, as integral over $t$ in the U(2) case and over $t$ and ${\rm SU}(2)$ harmonics in the SU(3) case. In the U(2) case we also give a detailed comparison with the general harmonic approach to HKT models and establish a correspondence with a particular action of the off-shell nonlinear multiplet $({\bf 3, 4, 1})$. A possible way of generalizing U(2) model to the matrix U($2n$) case is suggested., Comment: 0 + 32 pages, some typos corrected in Abstract, eqs. (2.13), (4.19) and (4.36)

We study the gauge dependence of one-loop divergences in a general matter-coupled $6D$, ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ supersymmetric gauge theory in the harmonic superspace formulation. Our analysis is based on the effective action constructed by the background superfield method, with the gauge-fixing term involving one real parameter $\xi_0$. A manifestly gauge invariant and ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ supersymmetric procedure for calculating the one-loop effective action is developed. It yields the one-loop divergences in an explicit form and allows one to investigate their gauge dependence. As compared to the minimal gauge, $\xi_0=1$, the divergent part of the general-gauge effective action contains a new term depending on $\xi_0\,$. This term vanishes for the background superfields satisfying the classical equations of motion, so that the $S$-matrix divergences are gauge-independent. In the case of $6D$, ${\cal N} = (1,1)$ SYM theory we demonstrate that some divergent contributions in the non-minimal gauges do not vanish off shell, as opposed to the minimal gauge., Comment: 13 pages

This article deals with the topical problems of the use of special means, firearms, weapons and physical force by police officers in situations of risk, the training of future police officers to the use of special means, firearms, weapons and physical force to counter offenders, В статье рассматриваются актуальные проблемы применения специальных средств, огнестрельного, оружия и физической силы сотрудниками полиции в ситуациях риска, вопросы подготовки будущих сотрудников полиции к применению специальных средств, огнестрельного, оружия и физической силы для противодействия правонарушителям

This article considers the studied representative systems and analyzes the study of the leading modalities in students. The questions of influence of the leading modalities on the development of educational material during the educational process, В данной статье представлены изученные репрезентативные системы, отражены проведенные анализы исследования ведущих модальностей у обучающихся. Рассмотрены вопросы влияния ведущих модальностей на освоение учебного материала в ходе образовательного процесса

We construct ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric low-energy effective action of $5D, {\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in $5D, {\cal N}=1$ harmonic superspace. It is obtained as a hypermultiplet completion of the leading $W \ln W$-term in the ${\cal N}=1$ SYM low-energy effective action by invoking the second implicit on-shell ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetry. After passing to components, the ${\cal N}=2$ effective action constructed displays, along with other terms, the $SO(5)$-invariant $F^4/X^3$ term. Though we specialize to the case of $SU(2)$ gauge group spontaneously broken to $U(1)$, our consideration is applicable to any gauge symmetry broken to some abelian subgroup., Comment: 12 pages; v2: minor changes, references added

We review the recent progress in studying the quantum structure of $6D$, ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ and ${\cal N}=(1,1)$ supersymmetric gauge theories formulated through unconstrained harmonic superfields. The harmonic superfield approach allows one to carry out the quantization and calculations of the quantum corrections in a manifestly ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ supersymmetric way. The quantum effective action is constructed with the help of the background field method that secures the manifest gauge invariance of the results. Although the theories under consideration are not renormalizable, the extended supersymmetry essentially improves the ultraviolet behavior of the lowest-order loops. The ${\cal N}=(1,1)$ supersymmetric Yang--Mills theory turns out to be finite in the one-loop approximation in the minimal gauge. Also some two-loop divergences are shown to be absent in this theory. Analysis of the divergences is performed both in terms of harmonic supergraphs and by the manifestly gauge covariant superfield proper-time method. The finite one-loop leading low-energy effective action is calculated and analyzed. Also in the abelian case we discuss the gauge dependence of the quantum corrections and present its precise form for the one-loop divergent part of the effective action., Comment: 36 pages, 10 figures, minor corrections, some references added

We study the gauge dependence of the one-loop effective action for the abelian $6D$, ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ supersymmetric gauge theory formulated in harmonic superspace. We introduce the superfield $\xi$-gauge, construct the corresponding gauge superfield propagator, and calculate the one-loop two-and three-point Green functions with two external hypermultiplet legs. We demonstrate that in the general $\xi$-gauge the two-point Green function of the hypermultiplet is divergent, as opposed to the Feynman gauge $\xi =1$. The three-point Green function with two external hypermultiplet legs and one leg of the gauge superfield is also divergent. We verified that the Green functions considered satisfy the Ward identity formulated in ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ harmonic superspace and that their gauge dependence vanishes on shell. Using the result for the two- and three-point Green functions and arguments based on the gauge invariance, we present the complete divergent part of the one-loop effective action in the general $\xi$-gauge., Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, minor corrections

We explain how a generic HKT geometry can be derived using the language of N = 4 supersymmetric quantum mechanics. To this end, one should consider a Lagrangian involving several (4,4,0) multiplets defined in harmonic superspace and subject to nontrivial harmonic constraints. Conjecturally, this general construction worked out earlier by Delduc and Ivanov gives a complete classification of all HKT geometries. Each such geometry is generated by two different functions (potentials) of a special type that depend on harmonic superfields and on harmonics. Given these two potentials, one can derive the vielbeins, metric, connections and curvatures, but this is not so simple: one should solve rather complicated differential equations. We illustrate the general construction by giving a detailed derivation of the metric for the hyper-Kaehler Taub-NUT manifold. In the generic case, we arrive at an HKT geometry. In this paper, we give a simple proof of this assertion., Comment: 43 pages

The problem of determining the stress-strain state of a porous metal during the realization of the rolling-pressing method is solved. It is established that as the metal moves toward the matrix, its continuous compaction occurs, which is more pronounced at the surface of the roll provided with a crest. The same regularity is manifested for the stress intensity parameter., Решена задача определения напряженно-деформированного состояния пористого металла при реализации метода прокатки — прессования. Установлено, что по мере продвижения металла к матрице происходит его непрерывное уплотнение, которое более интенсивно проявляется у поверхности валка, снабженного гребнем. Такая же закономерность проявляется для параметра интенсивности напряжений.

The first 48-antenna stage of the Siberian Radioheliograph (SRH) started single-frequency test observations early in 2016, and since August 2016 it routinely observes the Sun at several frequencies in the 4-8 GHz range with an angular resolution of 1-2 arc minutes and an imaging interval of about 12 seconds. With limited opportunities of the incomplete antenna configuration, a high sensitivity of about 100 Jy allows the SRH to contribute to the studies of eruptive phenomena along three lines. First, some eruptions are directly visible in SRH images. Second, some small eruptions are detectable even without a detailed imaging information from microwave depressions caused by screening the background emission by cool erupted plasma. Third, SRH observations reveal new aspects of some events to be studied with different instruments. We focus on an eruptive C2.2 flare on 16 March 2016 around 06:40, one of the first flares observed by the SRH. Proceeding from SRH observations, we analyze this event using extreme-ultraviolet, hard X-ray, white-light, and metric radio data. An eruptive prominence expanded, brightened, and twisted, which indicates a time-extended process of the flux-rope formation together with the development of a large coronal mass ejection (CME). The observations rule out a passive role of the prominence in the CME formation. The abrupt prominence eruption impulsively excited a blast-wave-like shock, which appeared during the microwave burst and was manifested in an "EUV wave" and Type II radio burst. The shock wave decayed and did not transform into a bow shock because of the low speed of the CME. Nevertheless, this event produced a clear proton enhancement near Earth. Comparison with our previous studies of several events confirms that the impulsive-piston shock-excitation scenario is typical of various events., Comment: 25 pages, 21 figures, 1 table. Published in Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. For associated movie files, see http://iszf.irk.ru/~grechnev/papers/SRH_eruptions

The ejecta composition is an open question in gamma-ray burst (GRB) physics . Some GRBs possess a quasi-thermal spectral component in the time-resolved spectral analysis , suggesting a hot fireball origin. Others show a featureless non-thermal spectrum known as the Band function , consistent with a synchrotron radiation origin and suggesting that the jet is Poynting-flux dominated at the central engine and probably in the emission region as well . There are also bursts showing a sub-dominant thermal component and a dominant synchrotron component , suggesting a probable hybrid jet composition . Here, we report an extraordinarily bright GRB 160625B, simultaneously observed in gamma-ray and optical wavelengths, whose prompt emission consists of three isolated episodes separated by long quiescent intervals, with the durations of each sub-burst being approximately 0.8 s, 35 s and 212 s, respectively. Its high brightness (with isotropic peak luminosity L ≈ 4 × 10 erg s) allows us to conduct detailed time-resolved spectral analysis in each episode, from precursor to main burst and to extended emission. The spectral properties of the first two sub-bursts are distinctly different, allowing us to observe the transition from thermal to non-thermal radiation between well-separated emission episodes within a single GRB. Such a transition is a clear indication of the change of jet composition from a fireball to a Poynting-flux-dominated jet.

We consider $6D$, ${\cal N}=(1,1)$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory formulated in ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ harmonic superspace and analyze the structure of the two-loop divergences in the hypermultiplet sector. Using the ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ superfield background field method we study the two-point supergraphs with the hypermultiplet legs and prove that their total contribution to the divergent part of effective action vanishes off shell., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures

We elaborate on the low-energy effective action of $6D,\,{\cal N}=(1,1)$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory in the ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ harmonic superspace formulation. The theory is described in terms of analytic ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ gauge superfield $V^{++}$ and analytic $\omega$-hypermultiplet, both in the adjoint representation of gauge group. The effective action is defined in the framework of the background superfield method ensuring the manifest gauge invariance along with manifest ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ supersymmetry. We calculate leading contribution to the one-loop effective action using the on-shell background superfields corresponding to the option when gauge group $SU(N)$ is broken to $SU(N-1)\times U(1)\subset SU(N)$. In the bosonic sector the effective action involves the structure $\sim \frac{F^4}{X^2}$, where $F^4$ is a monomial of the fourth degree in an abelian field strength $F_{MN}$ and $X$ stands for the scalar fields from the $\omega$-hypermultiplet. It is manifestly demonstrated that the expectation values of the hypermultiplet scalar fields play the role of a natural infrared cutoff., Comment: 1+14 pages, text essentially remade, some references added, title is slightly corrected

We study the one-loop effective action for $6D,$ ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ supersymmetric Yang--Mills (SYM) theory with hypermultiplets and $6D,$ ${\cal N}=(1,1)$ SYM theory as a subclass of the former, using the off-shell formulation of these theories in $6D,$ ${\cal N}=(1,0)$ harmonic superspace. We develop the corresponding supergraph technique and apply it to compute the one-loop divergences in the background field method ensuring the manifest gauge invariance. We calculate the two-point Green functions of the gauge superfield and the hypermultiplet, as well as the three-point gauge-hypermultipet Green function. Using these Green functions and exploiting gauge invariance of the theory, we find the full set of the off-shell one-loop divergent contributions, including the logarithmic and power ones. Our results precisely match with those obtained earlier in [1,2] within the proper time superfield method., Comment: 32 pages, 5 figures

Методом конечных элементов поставлена и решена задача описания напряженно-деформированного состояния совмещенного процесса прокатки – прессования. Определено распределение степени деформации в обработанной заготовке. Выявлен высокий уровень проработки металла. Обращено внимание на наличие неоднородности деформации вдоль радиуса обработанной заготовки., The finite element method was used to solve and solve the problem of describing the stress-strain state of a combined rolling-extruding process. The distribution of the strain in the processed billet is determined. A high level of degree of deformation has been revealed. Attention is drawn to the presence of inhomogeneity of deformation along the radius of the processed billet.

Разработана принципиальная схема получения длинномерной медной проволоки из представляющих отходы производства отдельных ее фрагментов, базирующаяся на применении только методов обработки давлением и термообработки. В экспериментальной работе выявлены дефекты сплошности, что снижает уровень механических характеристик по сравнению с проволокой, изготовленной из компактной меди., The principal scheme for obtaining long-length copper wire from waste products of individual fragments representing waste is developed, based on the use of only methods of pressure treatment and heat treatment. In the experimental work, defects of continuity were detected, which reduces the level of mechanical characteristics compared to a wire made of compact copper.

Regular observations of active processes in the solar atmosphere have been started using the first stage of the multiwave Siberian Radioheliograph (SRH), a T-shaped 48-antenna array with a 4-8 GHz operating frequency range and a 10 MHz instantaneous receiving band. Antennas are mounted on the central antenna posts of the Siberian Solar Radio Telescope. The maximum baseline is 107.4 m, and the angular resolution is up to 70". We present examples of observations of the solar disk at different frequencies, "negative" bursts, and solar flares. The sensitivity to compact sources reaches 0.01 solar flux units ($\approx 10^{-4}$ of the total solar flux) with an accumulation time of about 0.3 s. The high sensitivity of SRH enables monitoring of solar activity and allows studying active processes from characteristics of their microwave emission, including faint events, which could not be detected previously., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures

We consider, in the harmonic superspace approach, the six-dimensional N=(1,0) supersymmetric Yang-Mills gauge multiplet minimally coupled to a hypermultiplet in an arbitrary representation of the gauge group. Using the superfield proper-time and background-field techniques, we compute the divergent part of the one-loop effective action depending on both the gauge multiplet and the hypermultiplet. We demonstrate that in the particular case of N=(1,1) SYM theory, which corresponds to the hypermultiplet in the adjoint representation, all one-loop divergencies vanish, so that N=(1,1) SYM theory is one-loop finite {\it off shell}., Comment: 1 + 16 pages, published version

We consider, in the harmonic superspace approach, the six-dimensional N=(1,0) supersymmetric model of abelian gauge multiplet coupled to a hypermultiplet. The superficial degree of divergence is evaluated and the structure of possible one-loop divergences is analyzed. Using the superfield proper-time and background-field technique, we compute the divergent part of the one-loop effective action depending on both the gauge multiplet and the hypermultiplet. The corresponding counterterms contain the purely gauge multiplet contribution together with the mixed contributions of the gauge multiplet and hypermultiplet. We show that the theory is on-shell one-loop finite in the gauge multiplet sector in agreement with the results of [1]. The divergences in the mixed sector cannot be eliminated by any field redefinition, implying the theory to be UV divergent at one loop., Comment: 1+14 pages; v2: minor corrections

This is a brief survey of the all-years research activity in the Sector "Supersymmetry" (the former Markov Group) at the Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics. The focus is on the issues related to gauge fields, spontaneously broken symmetries in the nonlinear realizations approach, and diverse aspects of supersymmetry., Comment: 60 pages, a review paper, published in "Physics of Particles and Nuclei'; further typos corrected

We review various superspace approaches to the description of the low-energy effective action in N=4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory. We consider the four-derivative part of the low-energy effective action in the Coulomb branch. The typical components of this effective action are the gauge field F^4/X^4 and the scalar field Wess-Zumino terms. We construct N=4 supersymmetric completions of these terms in the framework of different harmonic superspaces supporting N=2,3,4 supersymmetries. These approaches are complementary to each other in the sense that they make manifest different subgroups of the total SU(4) R-symmetry group. We show that the effective action acquires an extremely simple form in those superspaces which manifest the non-anomalous maximal subgroups of SU(4). The common characteristic feature of our construction is that we restore the superfield effective actions exclusively by employing the N=4 supersymmetry and/or superconformal PSU(2,2|4) symmetry., Comment: 102 pages, v2: references added

Предложена технологическая схема и представлены результаты экспериментальной работы по получению прутков и проволоки из сыпучих стружковых отходов сплава системы алюминий–магний–кремний. Выявлена зависимость, отражающая уровень механических свойств полуфабрикатов после осуществления процессов горячей экструзии и холодного волочения с разной величиной накопленной степени деформации., Technological scheme proposed and experimental work results presented of obtaining rods and wire from free flowing chip waste of alloy system Al–Mg–Si. Dependence revealed that reflecting the level of mechanical properties of semi-finished products after implementation of hot extrusion process иand cold drawing with varying degrees of accumulated strain value.

Приведены результаты экспериментальной работы по получению прутков из кусковых фракций меди. Выявлена зависимость пластических свойств в функции от накопленной степени деформации в виде функции с максимумом. Предложено объяснение такому явлению., Results of experimental work on the production of bars of copper lump fractions are described. Plastic properties dependence as a function of the cumulative strains as a function of a maximum is revealed. An explanation of the phenomenon is suggested.

Today, the society, and especially in front of the school is a very important task - not only to prepare the child for independent life, to raise him morally and physically healthy, but also to teach him to be healthy, to help him form the perceived health needs as the key to future prosperity and success in life. This is one of the most important areas of introducing new FGOS, Сегодня перед обществом, а особенно перед школой стоит очень важная задача - не только подготовить ребёнка к самостоятельной жизни, воспитать его нравственно и физически здоровым, но и научить его быть здоровым, способствовать формированию у него осознанной потребности в здоровье, как залога будущего благополучия и успешности в жизни. Эта одно из важнейших направлений внедряемых новых ФГОС

В данной статье раскрывается важность формирования конкурентных преимуществ как одного из главных факторов, определяющих рыночный успех предприятий в современных условиях. Приведены основные способы формирования конкурентных преимуществ и представлены примеры их возможного применения предприятиями Республики Беларусь.

The ejecta composition is an open question in gamma-ray bursts (GRB) physics. Some GRBs possess a quasi-thermal spectral component in the time-resolved spectral analysis, suggesting a hot fireball origin. Others show a featureless non-thermal spectrum known as the "Band" function, consistent with a synchrotron radiation origin and suggesting that the jet is Poynting-flux-dominated at the central engine and likely in the emission region as well. There are also bursts showing a sub-dominant thermal component and a dominant synchrotron component suggesting a likely hybrid jet composition. Here we report an extraordinarily bright GRB 160625B, simultaneously observed in gamma-rays and optical wavelengths, whose prompt emission consists of three isolated episodes separated by long quiescent intervals, with the durations of each "sub-burst" being $\sim$ 0.8 s, 35 s, and 212 s, respectively. Its high brightness (with isotropic peak luminosity L$_{\rm p, iso}\sim 4\times 10^{53}$ erg/s) allows us to conduct detailed time-resolved spectral analysis in each episode, from precursor to main burst and to extended emission. The spectral properties of the first two sub-bursts are distinctly different, allowing us to observe the transition from thermal to non-thermal radiation between well-separated emission episodes within a single GRB. Such a transition is a clear indication of the change of jet composition from a fireball to a Poynting-flux-dominated jet., Comment: Revised version reflecting the referees' comments. 27 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. The final edited version will appear in Nature Astronomy

Here we report on the results of meteor observations with 9-channel Mini-MegaTORTORA (MMT-9) wide-field optical monitoring system with high temporal resolution. During first 1.5 years of operation more than 90 thousands of meteors have been detected, at a rate of 300-350 per night, with durations from 0.1 to 2.5 seconds and angular velocities up to 38 degrees per second. The faintest detected meteors has the peak brightness about 10 mag, while the majority - from 4 to 8 mag. Some of the meteors have been observed in BVR filters simultaneously. Color variations along the trail for them are determined. All parameters of detected meteors are published online. The database also includes the information on 10 thousands meteors detected by our previous FAVOR camera in 2006-2009 years., Comment: To appear in "Fourth Workshop on Robotic Autonomous Observatories" Proceedings

The new 2-RS-derivatives of 1,2-dihydro-3-nitro-4-phenylquinoline-2-ones were obtained by interaction of 2-mercapto-3-nitro-4-phenylquinoline-2-one with corresponding R-substituted phenacylbromides. Antibacterial activity of 2-(6-chloro-4-phenyl-3-nitroquinoline-2-yl-sulfanyl)-1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxin-6-yl)ethanone against choleraic agents was studied. Full inhibition of growth of choleraic vibrios of standard toxigenic strain Vibrio cholerae cholerae 569B was discovered., Взаємодією 2-меркапто-3-нітро-4-фенілхінолінів з відповідними R-заміщеними фенацилбромідами отримані нові 2-RS-похідні 1,2-дигідро-3-нітро-4-фенілхінолін-2-ону. Вивчена антибактеріальна активність 2-(3-нітро-4-феніл-6-хлорохінолін-2-іл-сульфаніл)-1-(2,3-дигідробензо[1,4]-діоксан-6-іл)-етанону у відношенні до штамів збудника холери. Виявлена повна інгібіція росту вібріонів еталонного токсигенного штаму збудника холери Vibrio cholerae cholerae 569B.

The "long" indecomposable N=2, d=1 multiplet (2, 4, 2) defined in arXiv:1503.05537 [hep-th] as a deformation of the pair of chiral multiplets (2, 2, 0) and (0, 2, 2) by a number of the mass-dimension parameters is described in the superfield approach. We present its most general superfield and component actions, as well as a generalization to the case with the superfields of the opposite Grassmann parities and dimensionless deformation parameter. We show that the long N=2, d=1 multiplets are naturally embedded into the chiral SU(2|1), d=1 superfields having nonzero external spins with respect to SU(2) \subset SU(2|1). A superfield with spin s contains 2s long multiplets and two short multiplets (2, 2, 0) and (0, 2, 2). Two possible N=4, d=1 generalizations of the N=2 long multiplet in the superfield approach are also proposed., Comment: 1 + 19 pages, new comments added, typos corrected, published version

We present new explicit realizations of the most general N=4, d=1 superconformal symmetry D(2,1;\alpha) in the models of N=4 superconformal mechanics based on the reducible multiplets (1,4,3)\oplus(0,4,4), (3,4,1)\oplus(0,4,4) and (4,4,0)\oplus(0,4,4). We start from the manifestly supersymmetric superfield actions for these systems and then descend to the relevant off- and on-shell component actions from which we derive the D(2,1;\alpha) (super)charges by the Noether procedure. Some peculiarities of these realizations of D(2,1;\alpha) are discussed. We also construct a new D(2,1;\alpha) invariant system by joining the multiplets (3,4,1) and (4,4,0) in such a way that they interact with each other through an extra (0,4,4) multiplet. New fermionic conformal couplings appear as the result of elimination of the appropriate auxiliary fields., Comment: 0 + 32 pages, typos corrected, published version

We define the worldline harmonic SU(2|1) superspace and its analytic subspace as a deformation of the flat N=4, d=1 harmonic superspace. The harmonic superfield description of the two mutually mirror off-shell (4,4,0) SU(2|1) supermultiplets is developed and the corresponding invariant actions are presented, as well as the relevant classical and quantum supercharges. Whereas the \sigma-model actions exist for both types of the (4,4,0) multiplet, the invariant Wess-Zumino term can be defined only for one of them, thus demonstrating non-equivalence of these multiplets in the SU(2|1) case as opposed to the flat N=4, d=1 supersymmetry. A superconformal subclass of general SU(2|1) actions invariant under the trigonometric-type realizations of the supergroup D(2,1;\alpha) is singled out. The superconformal Wess-Zumino actions possess an infinite-dimensional supersymmetry forming the centerless N=4 super Virasoro algebra. We solve a few simple instructive examples of the SU(2|1) supersymmetric quantum mechanics of the (4,4,0) multiplets and reveal the SU(2|1) representation contents of the corresponding sets of the quantum states., Comment: 0 + 37 pages, typos corrected, a reference updated

Using the worldline SU(2|1) superfield approach, we construct N=4 superconformally invariant actions for the d=1 multiplets (1, 4, 3) and (2, 4, 2). The SU(2|1) superfield framework automatically implies the trigonometric realization of the superconformal symmetry and the harmonic oscillator term in the corresponding component actions. We deal with the general N=4 superconformal algebra D(2,1;$\alpha$) and its central-extended $\alpha$=0 and $\alpha$=-1 psu(1,1|2)$\oplus$su(2) descendants. We capitalize on the observation that D(2,1;$\alpha$) at $\alpha\neq$0 can be treated as a closure of its two su(2|1) subalgebras, one of which defines the superisometry of the SU(2|1) superspace, while the other is related to the first one through the reflection of $\mu$, the parameter of contraction to the flat N=4, d=1 superspace. This closure property and its $\alpha$=0 analog suggest a simple criterion for the SU(2|1) invariant actions to be superconformal: they should be even functions of $\mu$. We find that the superconformal actions of the multiplet (2, 4, 2) exist only at $\alpha$=-1, 0 and are reduced to a sum of the free sigma-model type action and the conformal superpotential yielding, respectively, the oscillator potential $\sim \mu^2$ and the standard conformal inverse-square potential in the bosonic sector. The sigma-model action in this case can be constructed only on account of non-zero central charge in the superalgebra su(1,1|2)., Comment: 1 + 49 pages, minor corrections in eqs. (4.9), (4.25), (4.35) and (4.36), new insertion after eq. (4.52)