Search

Developing Nations are subject to amplified challenges in terms of the integration of technology, and the exposure to non-domestic opportunism from larger neighboring economies. These challenges are recognizable as asymmetrical differences between what is seen as the normative list of critical infrastructures, and the specialisms that can dominate an emerging economy with early maturity technology networks. This paper discusses the case of Bhutan and demonstrates the need for strengthened approaches to trusted networks to ensure the reliability and continuity of the Nation's critical infrastructures. The paper also links the importance of trusted information sharing networks as part of an overarching technology strategy that protects the Gross National Happiness of the nation.

Developing Nations are subject to amplified challenges in terms of the integration of technology, and the exposure to non-domestic opportunism from larger neighboring economies. These challenges are recognizable as asymmetrical differences between what is seen as the normative list of critical infrastructures, and the specialisms that can dominate an emerging economy with early maturity technology networks. This paper discusses the case of Bhutan and demonstrates the need for strengthened approaches to trusted networks to ensure the reliability and continuity of the Nation's critical infrastructures. The paper also links the importance of trusted information sharing networks as part of an overarching technology strategy that protects the Gross National Happiness of the nation.

Most of the search engines rely on the web robots to collect information from the web. The web is open access and unregulated which makes it easier for the robots to crawl and index all the contents of websites so easily. But not all wish to get their websites and web pages indexed by web crawlers. The diverse crawling activities can be regulated and managed by deploying the Robots Exclusion Protocol (REP) in a file called robots.txt in the server. The method used is a de-facto standard and most of the ethical robots will follow the rules specified in the file. In Bhutan, there are many websites and in order to regulate those bots, the usage of the robots.txt file in the websites are not known since no study has been carried out till date. The main aim of the paper is to investigate the use of robots.txt files in various organizations’ websites in Bhutan. And further, to analyze its content present in the file if it exist. A total of 50 websites from various sectors like colleges, government ministries, autonomous agencies, corporations and newspaper agencies were selected for the investigation to check the usage of the file. Moreover, the files were further studied and analyzed for its file size, types of robots specified, and correct use of the file. The result showed that that almost 70% of the websites investigated are using the default robots.txt file generally created by the Joomla and Word press Content Management Systems (CMS) which ultimately specifies that there is a usage of the file. But on the other hand, the file is not really taken into seriously and almost 70% of it lacks major and best protocols defined in it that will help define the access and denial to various resources to various types of robots available on the web. Approximately 30% of the URLs adopted for the study show that the REP file is not added in their web server, thus providing unregulated access of resources to all types of web robots. Keywords: Crawler, robots.txt, search engines, r

Most of the search engines rely on the web robots to collect information from the web. The web is open access and unregulated which makes it easier for the robots to crawl and index all the contents of websites so easily. But not all wish to get their websites and web pages indexed by web crawlers. The diverse crawling activities can be regulated and managed by deploying the Robots Exclusion Protocol (REP) in a file called robots.txt in the server. The method used is a de-facto standard and most of the ethical robots will follow the rules specified in the file. In Bhutan, there are many websites and in order to regulate those bots, the usage of the robots.txt file in the websites are not known since no study has been carried out till date. The main aim of the paper is to investigate the use of robots.txt files in various organizations’ websites in Bhutan. And further, to analyze its content present in the file if it exist. A total of 50 websites from various sectors like colleges, government ministries, autonomous agencies, corporations and newspaper agencies were selected for the investigation to check the usage of the file. Moreover, the files were further studied and analyzed for its file size, types of robots specified, and correct use of the file. The result showed that that almost 70% of the websites investigated are using the default robots.txt file generally created by the Joomla and Word press Content Management Systems (CMS) which ultimately specifies that there is a usage of the file. But on the other hand, the file is not really taken into seriously and almost 70% of it lacks major and best protocols defined in it that will help define the access and denial to various resources to various types of robots available on the web. Approximately 30% of the URLs adopted for the study show that the REP file is not added in their web server, thus providing unregulated access of resources to all types of web robots. Keywords: Crawler, robots.txt, search engines, r

Android malware is growing at alarming rate and spreading rapidly despite on-going mitigating efforts. This brings  a  necessity  to  find  more  effective  solutions  to  detect those malwares and prevent users from any malicious threats. The aim of the systematic review is to summarize the situation that existed from 2010 to 2015 with regards to various android malware analysis approaches and detection methods. A total of 58  selected  papers  met  the  inclusion  criteria  based  on  title  of articles, exclusion criteria, reading abstract and content of the selected  58  papers.  Different  data  are  extracted  from  these articles  and  recorded  in  an  excel  sheet  for  further  analysis. Most of the paper discussed about the use of dynamic analysis approach to analyze malware and signature-based method for malware detection.  The  systematic  review  carried  out  would provide information to all researchers and further inform the requirements  for  future  development  of  enhanced  malware analysis and detection methods.

The most venerable Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal alias Pelden Drukpa Rinpoche of the glorious Drukpa Kagyud Tradition, journeyed towards the direction of the southern valleys (Bhutan) and when he arrived at Thang-dzong Nang, in 1637, the Bhutanese people, hailing from all walks of life, and also from neighboring countries (today India and Nepal) greeted him with a grand reception. During this event, inconceivable amount of material riches were piled up before him in offering, and taking this as an auspicious event, Zhabdrung Rinpoche significantly renamed the place as Pungthangkha meaning "the Mouth of the Plains to Heaps [of Riches]." Then he had everyone present there to sit in rows and recite the lineage-supplication to his successive re-incarnations, which was indeed the beginning of the present-day "Zhugdrel Phunsum Tshogpa" (rows of auspicious sitting) ceremony. Since then, as all forms of noble activities were ventured with the preceding of this ceremony, it served the purpose of accomplishing all endeavors free of obstacles. As such, although we may lack physically displayed offering, yet through our mental visualization, we must always offer any food or drinks before partaking them to the objects of our refuge, the Three Jewels and the local protectors and gods with utmost faith while reciting the following offering verses. Doing this will not only enable us to receive blessings of the material energy but also serve as a method to accumulating merits. For this reason, the offering verses of Zhugdrel Phunsum Tshogpa, food and tea are translated into English.

The most venerable Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal alias Pelden Drukpa Rinpoche of the glorious Drukpa Kagyud Tradition, journeyed towards the direction of the southern valleys (Bhutan) and when he arrived at Thang-dzong Nang, in 1637, the Bhutanese people, hailing from all walks of life, and also from neighboring countries (today India and Nepal) greeted him with a grand reception. During this event, inconceivable amount of material riches were piled up before him in offering, and taking this as an auspicious event, Zhabdrung Rinpoche significantly renamed the place as Pungthangkha meaning "the Mouth of the Plains to Heaps [of Riches]." Then he had everyone present there to sit in rows and recite the lineage-supplication to his successive re-incarnations, which was indeed the beginning of the present-day "Zhugdrel Phunsum Tshogpa" (rows of auspicious sitting) ceremony. Since then, as all forms of noble activities were ventured with the preceding of this ceremony, it served the purpose of accomplishing all endeavors free of obstacles. As such, although we may lack physically displayed offering, yet through our mental visualization, we must always offer any food or drinks before partaking them to the objects of our refuge, the Three Jewels and the local protectors and gods with utmost faith while reciting the following offering verses. Doing this will not only enable us to receive blessings of the material energy but also serve as a method to accumulating merits. For this reason, the offering verses of Zhugdrel Phunsum Tshogpa, food and tea are translated into English.

The most venerable Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal alias Pelden Drukpa Rinpoche of the glorious Drukpa Kagyud Tradition, journeyed towards the direction of the southern valleys (Bhutan) and when he arrived at Thang-dzong Nang, in 1637, the Bhutanese people, hailing from all walks of life, and also from neighboring countries (today India and Nepal) greeted him with a grand reception. During this event, inconceivable amount of material riches were piled up before him in offering, and taking this as an auspicious event, Zhabdrung Rinpoche significantly renamed the place as Pungthangkha meaning "the Mouth of the Plains to Heaps [of Riches]." Then he had everyone present there to sit in rows and recite the lineage-supplication to his successive re-incarnations, which was indeed the beginning of the present-day "Zhugdrel Phunsum Tshogpa" (rows of auspicious sitting) ceremony. Since then, as all forms of noble activities were ventured with the preceding of this ceremony, it served the purpose of accomplishing all endeavors free of obstacles. As such, although we may lack physically displayed offering, yet through our mental visualization, we must always offer any food or drinks before partaking them to the objects of our refuge, the Three Jewels and the local protectors and gods with utmost faith while reciting the following offering verses. Doing this will not only enable us to receive blessings of the material energy but also serve as a method to accumulating merits. For this reason, the offering verses of Zhugdrel Phunsum Tshogpa, food and tea are translated into English.