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This experimental study was carried out to assess the effect of condensed tannins (CT) through a leaf meal mixture of Ficus infectoria and Psidium guajava, on erythrocytic antioxidant status, immune response and gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs. Twenty-four non-descript lambs were randomly divided into four groups, consisting of six lambs in each, in a completely randomized block design, and randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments: CT-0, CT-1, CT-1.5 and CT-2 containing 0, 1, 1.5 and 2.0 percent CT, respectively. The erythrocytic antioxidant status was monitored in all lambs at 0, 45, 90, 135, 180 days of feeding, however, humoral and cell mediated immune responses were determined at the end of the feeding trial. Hemoglobin was found to be highest (P<0.05) in CT-1.5 followed by CT-1, CT-2 and CT-0, respectively. CT supplementation significantly (P<0.05) improved the antioxidant status, as indicated by increased levels of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, total thiol and protein bound thiol group and decreased lipid peroxidase in the lambs. Supplementation of CT significantly (P<0.05) improved the cell mediated immune response in lambs. The fecal egg counts (FEC) in lambs were significantly (P<0.01) higher in the control group (CT-0), followed by CT-1, CT-1.5 and CT-2. The pooled fecal cultures of the lambs revealed that the majority of the infective larvae were from Haemonchus contortus. The FEC in the control was significantly higher (P<0.05) throughout the study period compared to the CT-1.5 and CT-2 groups. It may be concluded that dietary supplementation of CT (1-2%) through LMM improved the erythrocytic antioxidant status and immune response, and reduced FEC in lambs., Istraživanje je provedeno u svrhu procjene učinka kondenziranih tanina (KT), dodanih putem obroka od mješavine lišća Ficus infectoria i Psidium guajava, na antioksidacijski status eritrocita, imunosni odgovor i želučano-crijevne obliće u janjadi. Dvadeset i četiri janjeta slučajnim su odabirom bila razvrstana u četiri skupine po šest janjadi u svakoj skupini. Randomiziranim kompletnim blok-dizajnom i nasumičnim pridjeljivanjem formirane su četiri skupine s različitim udjelom KT u obroku: skupina KT-0 (0% KT), skupina KT-1 (1%), skupina KT-1,5 (1,5%) i skupina KT-2 (2%). Kod sve janjadi praćen je antioksidacijski status eritrocita 0., 45., 90., 135. i 180. dan hranidbe, a na kraju istraživanja određen je humoralni i stanični imunosni odgovor. Najviša razina (P<0,05) haemoglobina utvrđena je u skupini KT-1,5 nakon koje su slijedile skupine KT-1, KT-2 i KT-0. Dodani je KT signifikantno (P<0,05) poboljšao antioksidacijski status janjadi što su pokazale povišene razine glutation-peroksidaze, katalaze, zatim redukcija razine glutationa, glutation-S-transferaze, superoksid-dismutaze, ukupnog tiola i protein vezane tiol skupine kao i sniženje razine lipidne peroksidaze. Dodavanje KT signifikantno je (P<0,05) poboljšalo stanični imunosni odgovor janjadi. Broj jaja u fecesu bio je signifikantno (P<0,01) viši u kontrolnoj skupini (KT-0) janjadi nakon koje su slijedile skupine KT-1, KT-1,5 i KT-2. Skupne kulture iz fecesa janjadi pokazale su da većina invazivnih larvi pripada vrsti Haemonchus contortus. Broj jaja u fecesu kontrolne skupine janjadi bio je tijekom cijeloga istraživanog razdoblja signifikantno povišen (P<0,05) u odnosu na skupine KT-1,5 i KT-2. Može se zaključiti da je dodavanjem mješavine lišća s 1 – 2% KT u obroku kod janjadi poboljšan antioksidacijski status eritrocita i imunosni odgovor te smanjen broj prazitskih jajašaca u fecesu.

In this paper, we prove the local attractivity of solutions for a certain nonlinear Volterra type functional integral equations. We rely on a measure theoretic fixed point theorem of Dhage (2008) for nonlinear \(D\)-set-contraction in Banach spaces. Finally, we furnish an example to validate all the hypotheses of our main result and to ensure the existence and ultimate attractivity of solutions for a numerical nonlinear functional integral equation.

In this paper, we prove the local attractivity of solutions for a certain nonlinear Volterra type functional integral equations. We rely on a measure theoretic fixed point theorem of Dhage (2008) for nonlinear \(D\)-set-contraction in Banach spaces. Finally, we furnish an example to validate all the hypotheses of our main result and to ensure the existence and ultimate attractivity of solutions for a numerical nonlinear functional integral equation.