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Using a 2007⁠–2014 panel of Austrian crop farms, we analyze the effect of multiple dimensions of land fragmentation on farms’ production efficiency and risk performance. We use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a non-parametric linear programming approach, to estimate efficiencies. Technical efficiency is decomposed into i) scale efficiency, ii) pure technical efficiency, and iii) input-mix efficiency. Risk efficiency, a concept borrowed from modern portfolio theory, measures the performance of a farm relative to a mean-variance frontier. A second-stage DEA analysis reveals that farms with fewer plots and a shorter average farmstead to plot distance tend to be more technically efficient. Larger plots allow for better exploitation of returns to scale. The scattering of plots has no statistically significant effect on technical efficiency but provides benefits in terms of higher risk efficiency. Land consolidation projects should carefully weigh the costs and benefits associated with different dimensions of land fragmentation.

Part of this research was exhibited in Paris in June 2023, as Mariajose is also a photographer. The exhibition was an integral part of the “Science and the Fight against Poverty: How Far Have We Come in 20 Years and What’s Next” conference, an event presided over by Nobel Prize laureate Esther Duflo and organized by J-PAL Europe. This ground-breaking PhD research delves into the realms of experimental and development economics, offering a trio of captivating essays. United by a common thread, these chapters explore innovative strategies for breaking through social and physical barriers in low-income countries. What sets this work apart is not only its rigorous use of experimental methodologies, including randomized controlled trials and lab-in-the-field experiments, coupled with primary data but also the prestigious funding it received. Renowned institutions, including J-PAL, the lab of Nobel Prize winners Prof. Esther Duflo and Prof. Abhijit Banerjee, have supported this research. The studies unfold in the vibrant contexts of Uganda and Kenya, exploring the dynamic landscapes of East Africa's burgeoning economies. The first two chapters unravel the pivotal role of the private sector in enhancing social cohesion and labour market integration. Chapter 1 poses a compelling question: Can collaboration between native and refugee workers foster improved social cohesion? Chapter 2 investigates the impact of hiring a refugee worker during an internship on employers' future willingness to hire refugee talent. Shifting gears, Chapter 3 turns the spotlight on land markets, probing whether well-designed land trading rules can offer transformative solutions to challenges in agriculture within low-income countries. This research not only contributes to the academic discourse but also holds profound implications for practical, real-world issues.

Aim of study: To examine the impact of solitary land leveling and its combination with cover cropping on the chemical and biological characteristics of paddy soil. Area of study: This research focused on paddy fields located in Guilan Province, situated in northern Iran. Specifically, two sites were chosen for investigation, where land leveling had been conducted 5 years and 2 years prior to this study, respectively. Furthermore, cover cropping was implemented during the second year after the latter area's land leveling. Material and methods: A total of 80 composite soil samples were collected, with 20 samples gathered from both leveled and unleveled plots at the designated study sites. Various soil chemical and biological properties such as organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, microbial respiration, and biomass carbon were quantified. Subsequently, a paired t-test was employed to analyze the impact of land leveling and the combined effects of land leveling with cover cropping on soil attributes. Main results: The study revealed that five years after land leveling, there was a significant decrease in organic carbon, total nitrogen, microbial respiration, and biomass carbon. In contrast, the area leveled and cover cropped for two years exhibited higher levels of these attributes compared to adjacent unleveled parcels. Research highlights: This study highlights the distinct effects that solitary land leveling and land leveling combined with sustainable practices like cover cropping have on soil attributes.

Land consolidation could be defined as an action of a structural nature whose main objective is to improve the profitability of farms by reorganising the land parcels, reducing their number, improving their regularity and minimising their spatial dispersion. However, this process can generate important impacts on the configuration and composition of agricultural landscapes. This doctoral thesis is based on the hypothesis of whether a process of land consolidation that incorporates environmental, landscape and conservation principles, designed according to landscape ecology criteria, can improve the heterogeneity and connectivity of the landscape and contribute to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in the cereal steppes, without detriment to the improvement of the structure of farms. The first chapter analysed the evolution of the heterogeneity of a recently concentrated cereal steppe area and compared it with an adjacent one. As a consequence of the actions carried out since the beginning of this process, an improvement in spatial heterogeneity has been observed in the concentrated area, thanks to a greater diversification of the crop mosaic and the conservation of the few existing patches of semi-natural elements. It has also been found that the environmental impact studies of these processes and their final implementation in the land consolidation and associated natural environment restoration projects need to be improved. The second chapter has shown that by applying environmental integration measures from the early stages of this process, land consolidation, together with the associated environmental restoration project, can be tools that contribute to maintaining, and even improving, the connectivity of the landscape in a cereal steppe area. To achieve this objective, the preservation of the few patches of existing semi-natural elements during the process of land consolidation, together with the extension of their surface area by means of the actions carried o, La concentración parcelaria se podría definir como una actuación de carácter estructural que tiene como principal objetivo mejorar la rentabilidad de las explotaciones agrarias, mediante la reorganización del parcelario, reduciendo su número, mejorando su regularidad y minimizando su dispersión espacial. No obstante, este proceso puede generar importantes impactos en la configuración y composición de los paisajes agrarios. Esta Tesis Doctoral se estructura a partir de la hipótesis de si un proceso de concentración parcelaria que incorpore principios ambientales, paisajísticos y de conservación, diseñados conforme a criterios de ecología del paisaje, puede mejorar la heterogeneidad y la conectividad del paisaje y contribuir a mitigar las emisiones de gases invernadero en las estepas cerealistas, sin menoscabo de favorecer la mejora de la estructura de las explotaciones agrarias. En el primer capítulo se ha analizado la evolución de la heterogeneidad de una zona de estepa cerealista recientemente concentrada y se ha comparado con otra adyacente. Como consecuencia de las actuaciones desarrolladas desde el inicio de este proceso, en la zona concentrada se ha observado una mejora de su heterogeneidad espacial, gracias a una mayor diversificación del mosaico de cultivos y a la conservación de los escasos parches de elementos seminaturales existentes. También se ha constatado que deben mejorarse los estudios de impacto ambiental de estos procesos y su implementación final en las concentraciones parcelarias y los proyectos de restauración del medio natural asociados. En el segundo capítulo se ha demostrado que aplicando medidas de integración ambiental desde las primeras fases de este proceso, la concentración parcelaria, junto con el proyecto de restauración del medio natural asociado, pueden ser herramientas que contribuyan al mantenimiento, e incluso a la mejora, de la conectividad del paisaje en una zona de estepa cerealista. Para alcanzar este objetivo ha resultado fun, Escuela de Doctorado, Doctorado en Ciencia e Ingeniería Agroalimentaria y de Biosistemas

Land consolidation (LC) is an important tool for the improvement of agriculture and rural development, which also includes environmental issues in most of the countries in Europe. This paper presents the most important results of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of land consolidation, conducted in the municipality of Vršac through a pilot project based on the EU methodology set within the project: “Strengthening Municipal Land Management in Serbia”, supported by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. During the summer of 2018, field survey was carried out at 90 locations, documenting the natural, semi-natural and man-made landscape elements of ecological or cultural values, assessing their quality and estimating the potential harmful environmental impacts of the land consolidation. The already existing negative impacts of intensive agriculture were also registered, such as abandonment or overgrazing of pastures and meadows, converting grasslands into arable land, soil erosion and habitat fragmentation. Although the area of LC is without natural forest and extremely poor in semi-natural elements of rural landscape, the existing entities were revealed as refuges for protected species. Some of the grassland fragments belonged to protected habitat types. The final categorization of the landscape elements was conducted in three levels. Category I landscape elements had to remain undisturbed; Category II landscape elements could be removed with obligatory ecological compensation, while the Category III landscape elements could be removed without environmental compensation. Recommendations were given pointing out the possibilities for improving the environmental characters of the area by the land consolidation process., U većini zemalja u Evropi komasacija zemljišta (KZ) predstavlja važnu meru za unapređenje poljoprivrede i ruralnog razvoja, uključujući pitanja životne sredine,. U ovom radu predstavljeni su najvažniji rezultati procene uticaja komasacije na životnu sredinu (EIA) u Opštini Vršac kroz pilot projekat zasnovan na metodologiji EU postavljenoj u okviru projekta: “Strengthening Municipal Land Management in Serbia”, uz podršku Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. Tokom leta 2018. godine sprovedeno je terensko istraživanje prirodnih, poluprirodnih i veštačkih elemenata predela, ekoloških i kulturnih vrednosti na 90 lokacija. Urađena je procena stanja ovih vrednosti i procena potencijalnih štetnih uticaja komasacije na životnu sredinu. Osmotreni su negativni uticaji intenzivne poljoprivrede, kao što su: napuštanje ili prekomerna ispaša pašnjaka i livada, njihovo pretvaranje u obradivo zemljište, erozija zemljišta i fragmentacija prirodnih staništa. Iako je područje KZ bez prirodne šume i izuzetno siromašno prirodnim elementima ruralnog pejzaža, postojeće celine su otkrivene kao utočišta za zaštićene vrste. Neki od fragmenata travne vegetacije pripadali su zaštićenim tipovima staništa. Konačna kategorizacija elemenata pejzaža sprovedena je u tri nivoa. Elementi predela I kategorije – koji ostaju nenarušeni (ne smeju se uklanjati); II kategorija – elementi pejzaža neutralnog karaktera sa obaveznom ekološkom kompenzacijom; III kategorija – elementi pejzaža koji se uklanjaju bez ekološke naknade. Date su preporuke kojima se ukazuje na mogućnosti za poboljšanje ekoloških karakteristika područja procesom komasacije.

Dirt roads and footpaths together with landscape elements form a landscape mosaic. As the density of the dirt road network increases, the fragmentation of the landscape increases. The landscape is becoming more varied and, above all, more accessible, whether for the management of agricultural land or free tourism and recreation. This article deals with the analysis of the historical development of transport infrastructure on the example of the Vilémovice u Macochy model area - part of the Moravian Karst protected area. The Moravian Karst belongs to the most important karst areas in the Czech Republic and also in central Europe. The Macocha gorge, which is frequently visited by tourists is located in the area of interest. The territory is also crossed by the Moravskoslezská svatojakubská tourist Route and Srdcem jižní Moravy cycle Route. It is a popular tourist and recreational area. The density of the road network and its quality indicate the degree of recreational and tourist development of the region. The network of dirt roads in the open countryside has undergone significant changes in the last century. Unfortunately, the roads got in the way of this trend. This resulted in an inaccessible and impenetrable landscape. Recently, this trend is reversing and new dirt roads are being designed and implemented. These are mainly implemented as part of the land consolidation process. The newly realized roads serve to make land available for land owners, for agricultural production, transport and to make the landscape more accessible. Harmonious integration of existing and newly implemented dirt roads into the landscape is important, including the selection of appropriate.

The upscaling of farming operations in China has been advancing rapidly in recent years. This trend is likely to increase the use of agricultural machinery inputs, and possibly also the use of chemical pesticides, which is already extremely high. The relationship between farm size and the intensity of chemical pesticide usage is a subject of debate, and little is known about the mechanisms that might underlie this relationship. In this paper, we apply an integrated framework of larger-scale farming, agricultural mechanization and the intensity of chemical pesticide usage to examine and quantify the mediating effect of agricultural mechanization on the relationship between larger-scale farming and the use of chemical pesticides. Results obtained by applying seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) considering two-way fixed-effects and mediation analysis to county-level data for Jiangsu Province (2002–2019) suggest that an increase of 1% in the ratio of scale of farming is related to a total decline of 0.070% in chemical pesticide usage per hectare of land. Mediation analysis subsequently identifies mechanical sowing/transplanting is the only mediating variable, through which an increase of 1% in the ratio of scale of farming reduces the unit consumption of chemical pesticides by 0.017%.

This paper proposes a model for determining the most advantageous merger within a set of dairy farms. It uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to estimate the total technical efficiency improvement that the merger would produce and for decomposing it into a learning effect and a pure merger effect. A design of experiments has also been carried to test the effects of various factors (the total number of farms, the standard deviation of herd size, the percentage of farms exhibiting increasing returns to scale, the standard deviation of the current technical efficiency of the farms) on different response variables (the percentage of farms involved in the merger, the reduction of herd size and the efficiency improvement obtained by the merger). The results show that the disparity in the herd size of the farms in a region and the percentage of farms that exhibit increasing returns to scale increase the number of farms that enter into the most advantageous merger. The disparity of herd size also increases the number of cows that are not needed after the merger. Finally, the expected efficiency improvement increases with the total number of farms.

This study evaluates the impacts of land consolidation on household farm production with panel data on 618 rural households in 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016 in two provinces of Vietnam: Ha Tay and Nghe An. We apply a difference-in-differences approach to address the endogeneity in household participation in plot exchange – a policy for consolidating fragmented cropland in Vietnam. Our approach differs from those of previous studies that typically use a household’s number of plots with little treatment of the endogeneity problem. Our results show that plot exchange reduced the number of annual crop plots operated by a household by nearly 50 percent. This land consolidation subsequently improved farm irrigation and the application of machinery. While the impact on farm productivity was statistically insignificant, land consolidation via plot exchange reduced farm labor supply for crop production. Thus, land consolidation could release labor from farms and stimulate an off-farm rural economy.

Land consolidation (LC) is implemented as a public project that contributes to the improvement of agricultural productivity, and its effect is evaluated mainly by labour productivity and land productivity. However, to maintain both agricultural production and the social community, understanding the impact on non-farmers in the community as one of the aspects of LC is extremely important. In this study, we surveyed rural areas about eight years after the LC was implemented by posted questionnaire and analysed the difference between farmers' and non-farmers' perceptions of the multifaceted evaluation items on the policy effect. The evaluation points for the LC include the following: [1] Impact on farming and farmland preservation, [2] Impact on community activation, and [3] Impact on collaboration between farmers and non-farmers. Results can be summarized as follows: First, it was confirmed that there is a trend for non-farmers' attachment to the area to be reduced because of LC. Second, non-farmers evaluations that LC attracts young farmers were also low. However, this opinion was much more noticeable in non-farmers who had quit agriculture recently than in the generation that had left agriculture because of LC. In other words, LC is a useful policy for improving agricultural conditions and agricultural structure. However, in some cases, the connections between farmers and non-farmers is weakened. Thus, cooperative activities to actively prevent this weakening are important.

Diplomová práce se zabývá analýzou ekonomických a environmentálních nákladů a přínosů investice v rámci zvolené pozemkové úpravy a zhodnocením environmentálních a ekonomických efektů investice. Toto hodnocení je provedeno na základě vymezení pojmů škodlivých látek, životního prostředí a pozemkové úpravy. Hodnocení analýzy vychází z vlastního šetření., Diploma thesis focusing on the environment and investment costs within the selected land consolidation and evaluation of environmental and economic effects of the investment. This assessment is based on the definitions of harmful substances, the environment and land consolidation. The assessment of the analyses is based on own investigation., Fakulta ekonomicko-správní, Studentka představila komisi svou diplomovou práci na téma Environmentální a ekonomické efekty pozemkových úprav. Cílem práce bylo posoudit, do jaké míry se pozemkové úpravy podílejí na environmentálních změnách a jaké mohou mít ekonomické dopady. V rámci prezentace studentka popsala cíl, postup a výsledky zpracované analýzy. Po prezentaci výsledků diplomové práce byly předsedou komise představeny posudky vedoucího a oponenta práce a studentka zodpověděla jimi položené dotazy. Následovala rozprava, ve které komise položila studentce následující dotazy: Otázka 1. Bylo by možné rozšířit analýzu o další analýzu? Pokud ano, které byste do analýzy zařadila? Otázka 2. Velkou část práce věnujete silniční dopravě, nemíjí se tím obsah zpracované práce se zadáním? Otázka 3. Myslíte si, že efekty silniční dopravy na životní prostředí jsou pouze negativní? Otázka 4. Co znamená pozemková úprava? Otázka 5. Jak jste pozorovala dopravu? Otázka 6. Úspora pro řidiče je jediným ekonomickým indikátorem, který ve své práci používáte? Studentka otázky komise zodpověděla., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Land consolidation represents the most comprehensive proven instrument of development of agriculture and rural regions. Land consolidation in Serbia has a long tradition, over 1,700,000 hectares of agricultural land has been consolidated in the past. However, there are still large areas of agricultural land, especially in undeveloped parts of Serbia that needs to be consolidated. Since the funds are limited and land consolidation cannot be carried out in all areas in short period of time, there is a need for finding the right mechanisms to choose the areas and municipalities in which the land consolidation will produce the most results and bring the most benefits. This research defines the main steps in process of selection of municipalities for land consolidation. It also defines the selection criteria which were regarded in two major categories. This research was implemented in project 'Rural Development: Effective Land Management' financed by European Union and German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. This project served as case study for implementation of this research., Komasacija predstavlja najsveobuhvatniji instrument za razvoj poljoprivrednih i ruralnih područja. Komasacija ima dugu tradiciju u Srbiji, preko 1,700,000 hektara je komasairano u prošlosti. Uprkos tome, još uvek postoje velike poljoprivredne površine, naročito u nerazvijenim delovima Srbije, koje treba komasirati. Budući da su sredstva ograničena i da komasacija ne može biti sprovedena na svim područjima u kratkom vremenskom roku, postoji potreba za pronalaženje mehanizama za izbor područja gde će komasacija proizvesti najveće koristi. Ovo istraživanje definiše glavne korake u procesu izbora opština najpogodnijih za komasaciju. Pored toga, definiše kriterijume za izbor koji su podeljeni u dve glavne kategorije. Istraživanje je primenjeno u projektu 'Ruralni razvoj: Efikasno upravljanje zemljištem' finansiranom od strane EU i Nemačkog ministarstva za ekonomski razvoj i saradnju. Ovaj projekat je služio kao eksperimentalno područje za primenu istraživanja.

Between Vietnam’s independence and its reunification in 1975, the country’s socialist land tenure system was underpinned by the principle of “land to the tiller”. During this period, government redistributed land to farmers that was previously owned by landlords. The government’s “egalitarian” approach to land access was central to the mass support that it needed during the Indochinese war. Even when the 1993 Land Law transitioned agricultural land from collectivized to household holdings with 20-year land use certificates, the “land to the tiller” principle remained largely sacrosanct in state policy. Planned amendments to the current Land Law (issued in 2013), however, propose a fundamental shift from “land to the tiller” to the concentration of land by larger farming concerns, including private sector investors. This is explained as being necessary for the modernization of agricultural production. The government’s policy narrative concerning this change emphasizes the need to overcome the low productivity that arises from land fragmentation, the prevalence of unskilled labor and resource shortages among smallholders. This is contrasted with the readily available resources and capacity of the private sector, together with opportunities for improved market access and high-tech production systems, if holdings were consolidated by companies. This major proposed transition in land governance has catalyzed heated debate over the potential risks and benefits. Many perceive it as a shift from a “pro-poor” to “pro-rich” policy, or from “land to the tiller” to the establishment of a “new landlord”—with all the historical connotations that this badge invokes. Indeed, the growing level of public concern over land concentration raises potential implications for state legitimacy. This paper examines key narratives on the government-supported land concentration policy, to understand how the risks, benefits and legitimacy of the policy change are understood by different stakehol

The use of land consolidation on customary lands has been limited, though land fragmentation persists. Land fragmentation on customary lands has two main causes—the nature of the customary land tenure system, and the somewhat linked agricultural system. Since attempts to increase food productivity on customary lands have involved fertilisation and mechanisation on the small and scattered farmlands, these approaches have fallen short of increasing food productivity. A study to develop a responsible approach to land consolidation on customary lands using a design research approach is undertaken and reported here. Based on a comparative study, it is found that three factors inhibit the development of a responsible land consolidation approach on customary lands—the coverage of a land administration system, a land valuation approach, and a land reallocation approach the fits the customary land tenure system. To fill these gaps, firstly, this study developed the participatory land administration that brought together traditional land administration approaches with emerging bottom-up approaches, as well as technological advances that drive these approaches together with the growing societal needs. Secondly, a valuation approach was developed to enable the comparison of the farmlands in rural areas that are without land markets. Finally, a land reallocation approach was developed based on the political, economic and social, as well as technical and legal characteristics of rural customary farmlands. This study concludes that though the land consolidation strategy developed is significantly able to reduce land fragmentation, both physical and land tenure, the local customs are an obstruction to the technical processes to achieve the best form of farmland structures.

Capital accumulation in the agro-food sector displays new characteristics in modern society. By means of a case study of China’s sugarcane sector, this paper identifies three capital accumulation strategies that recently emerged. The first strategy is the redistribution of costs and benefits between farmers and companies through the introduction of new technologies which is known as agro-technification. The second strategy is termed food politicization and relates to the profound restructuring of both sugarcane production and the sugar market through massive state intervention. The third strategy is land swindle, namely the conversion of land from a means of production into an object of speculation. Following a discussion of the three strategies by drawing on developments in China’s sugarcane sector, this paper argues that these new capital accumulation activities will render national and transnational food systems more fragile and unsustainable. Moreover, it argues that classical agrarian analyses defining accumulation as a land-labour-capital triangular relation cannot explain the current capital accumulation in agro-food sector.

Статтю присвячено аналізу земельних правовідносин на сучасному етапі завершення земельної реформи в Україні, визначенню особливостей їх суб'єктно-об'єктного складу, дослідженню тенденцій розвитку земельних правовідносин, а також формулюванню висновків і пропозицій, спрямованих на вдосконалення земельного законодавства в цій сфері., The paper analyzes land relations at the present stage to complete the land reform in Ukraine, determine the characteristics of their subject-object, structure, research trends of land relations and the formulation o f conclusions and proposals aimed at improving land legislation in this area., Статья посвящена анализу земельных правоотношений на современном этапе завершения земельной реформы в Украине, определению особенностей их субъектно-объектного состава, исследованию тенденций развития земельных правоотношений, а также формулировке выводов и предложений, направленных на совершенствование земельного законодательства в этой сфере.

La pedanía muleña de Yéchar, en el interior de la Región de Murcia, puede ser estudiada desde la geografía regional como un modelo de iniciativas para el desarrollo rural, al haber superado diversas crisis socioeconómicas mediante diferentes actuaciones agrarias. Durante los últimos cincuenta años sus vecinos han debido hacer frente al éxodo rural de los secanos del Sureste de la Península Ibérica con actuaciones de agentes locales y de las Administraciones Públicas, entre las que sobresalen la Declaración de Zona de Interés Nacional, la concentración parcelaría de las explotaciones, y la transformación en regadío con aguas del trasvase Tajo-Segura de más de 800 hectáreas. Las entrevistas realizadas a pie de parcela explican cómo los agricultores de Yéchar cambian los cultivos para hacer frente a los problemas del mercado hortofrutícola, y buscan otras políticas de gestión del agua por la excesiva dependencia de los recursos hídricos foráneos del Trasvase Tajo-Segura., The village of Yéchar, in the middle of the Murcia Region can be studied using the regional geography as a model for rural development initiatives, having overcome various socio-economic crises through different agricultural activities. In the last fifty years, the locals have had to deal with the rural exodus of the dry lands of Southeast Iberian Peninsula with measures taken by local actors and public authorities, which include the area being declared to be of National Interest, the land consolidation of farms, and the transformation of over 800 hectares into irrigated land using water from the Tajo-Segura Transfer. On-the-spot interviews explain how Yéchar farmers change crops to tackle the problems of the fruit and vegetable market, and they look for other water management policies to mitigate the excessive reliance on foreign water resources from the Tajo-Segura Transfer.

Предмет проучавања у овом раду односи се на могућност развоја нових модела урбане комасације у функцији урбанистичког уређења насеља. Урбана комасација се, као инструмент реализације урбанистичког уређења, користи већ дуже време у многим развијеним земљама и земљама у развоју. У Србији, где се до сада није примењивао овај инструмент за уређење грађевинског земљишта, су препознати потенцијали урбане комасације и отпочео је процес имплементације у законске и институционалне оквире..., The subject of study in this paper refers to the development of new land readjustment models in the function of urban development of settlements. Land readjustment, as a tool of urban policy implementation, is used for a long time in many developed and developing countries. In Serbia, where this tool has not been used for urban land development, potentials of land readjustment have been recognized and the process of implementation in the legal and institutional frameworks began...

Land consolidation means a system of spatial planning, technical, legal and socio-economic measures takes by the community for a fundamental improvement of natural, economic and environmental conditions of the land territory with the aim of providing better living and working conditions and environmental protection. This document shows the analyzes of land consolidation development in Republic of Serbia, as well as the facilities and the problems that accompany it. On a practical case for land consolidation area K. O. Priboj, City of Leskovac, an analysis of the situation before land consolidation - the old condition and conditions after land consolidation - a new condition. Explained the phases in the process of land consolidation, and is particularly explained one of the most important stage - the allocation of land consolidation land mass., Uređenje zemljišne teritorije podrazumeva sistem prostorno-planskih, tehničkih, pravnih i ekonomsko-socijalnih mera koje društvena zajednica preduzima za temeljno poboljšanje prirodnih, privrednih i ekoloških uslova zemljišne teritorije s ciljem obezbeđenja kvalitetnijih uslova života i rada i zaštite životne sredine. U radu je analiziran koncept sprovođenja komasacije u Republici Srbiji, kao i pogodnosti i problemi koji prate isti. Na praktičnom primeru za komasaciono područje K.O. Priboj, Grad Leskovac, izvršena je analiza stanja pre komasacije - starog stanja i stanja posle komasacije - novog stanja. Objašnjene su faze u postupku komasacije, a posebno je objašnjena jedna od najbitnijih faza u komasaciji - raspodela zemljišta iz komasacione mase.

The near threatened Phengaris nausithous is distributed in two large mountainous areas in the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula, living in small dispersed populations. During July and August of 2012–2015 we systematically searched for the species in the southeastern part of the Cordillera Cantábrica. We found 38 new populations grouped into seven metapopulations. Two of the latter are the largest known, representing 34 % of the species’ occurrence range in Spain. The discovery of these new metapopulations does not improve the conservation status of P. nausithous in the SW of Europe because a land consolidation project currently underway and an established peat extraction plant could lead to the imminent extinction of the largest metapopulations. However, there is still time to reverse the present course of change. Knowledge of these recently discovered populations allows the establishment of management measures to protect them over the long term

Met een jarenlang slepende wettelijke herinrichting lukte het maar niet om tot een betere verkaveling te komen voor boeren en landgoedeigenaren in het Gelderse buurtschap Woold, bij Winterswijk. Een snelle vrijwillige kavelruil slaagde wel. Melkveehouders Gerwin en Heleen Bruggink- Boeijink zijn enthousiast over het project. Ze leverden 6,7 hectare matige grond en bos in en konden 7,7 hectare goede cultuurgrond toevoegen aan hun huiskavel.

Land banks/funds are one of the most important instruments of rural development. The significance of the land banks/funds in land development was primarily recognized in the Netherlands and Denmark, where land banks had been established in mid-nineteenth and at the beginning of the twentieth century already. By the end of the twentieth century land banks/funds have been formed in the majority of the European countries with the objective to allow for easier land development and management. This paper provides a brief review of models, organization, management and financing of land banks/funds in Europe. This paper focuses on defining the value framework for evaluation of land banks/funds. The value framework should facilitate the revision of land banks (i.e. promote their operation) as well as to facilitate establishment of the new ones.

In de periode 1940-1965 ging Nederland grootschalig op de schop. Oorlogsschade moest worden hersteld, de voedselproductie omhoog gebracht. De typische ruilverkavelingslandschappen die het resultaat waren, werden lange tijd waardeloos geacht. Verpest landschap, of op z'n minst saai en oninteressant, met rechte lijnen en een rationele inrichting. Daar komt langzamerhand veranderin in: zowel in de samenleving als in het beleid.

Komasacija je danas veoma značajna i predstavlja provereni instrument za razvoj poljoprivrede i seoskih područja. Glavni cilj komasacije oduvek je bio ukrupnjavanje poljoprivrednih poseda u što manji broj bolje oblikovanih parcela, kako bi se poboljšala primarna poljoprivredna proizvodnja i unapredio njen razvoj. Naime, razvoj poljoprivrede je jedan od suštinskih faktora razvoja i unapređenja života na selu. U razvijenim zemljama se već dugo na selo ne gleda kao na poligon namenjen isključivo poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji. Zbog toga u zemljama Zapadne Evrope komasacija služi i kao sredstvo za sveobuhvatni razvoj sela. Novi koncept ruralnog razvoja tretira komasaciju kao složeni projekat koji, između ostalog, ima za cilj i trajnu obnovu i unapređenje seoske zajednice. Uspešno izvršena komasacija dovodi do opšteg unapređenja poljoprivrede, povećanja produktivnosti, efikasnosti i konkurentnosti kompletnog poljoprivrednog sektora. Ona takođe vodi i boljem planiranju i upravljanju zemljištem, otvara nova radna mesta u poljoprivrednim regionima, olakšava priliv privatnih i javnih investicija u ovoj oblasti, doprinosi unapređenju zaštite životne sredine i omogućava upravljanje prirodnim resursima na efikasan način. U mnogim državama Centralne i Istočne Evrope uslovi života na selu su se pogoršali tokom tranzicionog perioda. Velika nezaposlenost i loša infrastruktura dovele su do toga da su sela postala manje atraktivna mesta za život. Radi poboljšanja situacije realizovan je veliki broj pilot-projekata komasacije sa namerom da se zemljama u tranziciji omogući pokretanje komasacije u sopstvenim uslovima i unapredi poljoprivredna proizvodnja i kvalitet života na selu. Prevashodni cilj ovog rada je razvoj metodologije za ocenu zemljišnih komasacionih sistema koja bi na najoptimalniji način doprinela uspostavljanju efikasnog sistema komasacije u datim uslovima..., Land consolidation is still very important today and represents a proven instrument of development of agriculture and rural regions. The main objective of land consolidation has always been the consolidation (reallocation) of the agricultural holdings into the fewest number of better designed parcels, in order to improve the primary agricultural production and promote its development. Namely, the development of agriculture is one of the essential factors of development and improvement of rural living. In the developed countries for quite some time village has not been perceived as the training ground intended solely for agricultural production. For that reason in West European countries land consolidation also serves as the means for comprehensive rural development. The new rural development concept treats land consolidation as a complex project which, among other things, aims at continual renewal and promotion of the rural community. Successfully implemented land consolidation leads to overall upgrading of agriculture, increase in productivity, efficiency and competitiveness of the entire agricultural sector. It also leads to a better planning and land management, creates new jobs in agricultural regions, facilitating the flow of private and public investments into this field, contributes to promotion of the environment protection and enables efficient natural resources management. The primary objective of this research is development of methodology for valuation of land consolidation systems which would contribute in the most optimal way to establishing the efficient system of land consolidation in the circumstances. The first difficulty encountered in development of the methodology was the lack of a clear definition of land consolidation as a system. In Chapter 3 for the first time the optimal land consolidation system has been defined which best logically connects all the elements of the system. The optimal model also presents an example of a good model which wa

Land acquisition for development especially development for public purpose is always a major problem in terms of the development of public interests. The issues are always centered on the location, compensation, and the definition of public interest itself. This research discusses land consolidation as a method of land acquisition which at the same time becomes the participative and integrated spatial planning instrument. Furthermore, it will discuss the legal aspects that may appear related to land consolidation as a land acquisition method and integrated and participative spatial planning instruments. The research result shows that land consolidation could become the method of participative land consolidation by involving private sector in providing utilities and infrastructure development in a consolidated area. Land consolidation does not only give economic advantages but also social and environmental advantages upon consolidated area.

This paper describes the research on the application of single criterion and multi-criteria optimization of land mass redistribution. The mathematical modeling of the basic requirements for distribution and an example of solving multi-criteria weight models is presented here in the paper.

Significant innovations and improvements in the technologies for spatial data acquisition and management data have emerged in the last few decades. Introduction of GPS and the technology of GIS and digital photogrammetry in surveying practice are definitely the most important ones. In spite of this, during the last few decades there were no actual projects of land consolidations in Serbia, so these advances in technology were not implemented within land consolidations and benefits were not obvious and quantified. However, in the last few years interest in land consolidations in Serbia has been intensified and a number of projects have been started and some were already finished using the latest technologies mentioned above. The role and impact of these technologies on all the relevant activities within major phases of land consolidation projects were analyzed and the resulting benefits were estimated and given in the paper. Improvements and benefits were estimated using data from a real land consolidation project. The benefits were expressed in terms of savings in time and costs and in terms of increased quality of the land consolidation results.

Gaandeweg worden bloembollenbedrijven in het Noordelijk Zandgebied groter. Niet elk stuk land ligt echter op of bij de huiskavel. Het transport van bollen naar en van percelen die elders liggen kost tijd en geld. Goed om nog eens na te gaan wat er met vrijwillige kavelruil kan. Volgens Wouter van Egteren van Stivas en Jan Prins, bestuurder van LTO Noord, is vooral in Annapaulowna nog veel efficiëntie te bereiken.

By using the measurement technique of dynamic hydrological process and the estimation method of landscape ecology, the effect of LUCC (Land Use-Cover Change) on runoff regulation in the Luoyugou watershed, located at loess gullied-hilly region of China, in the period from 1986 to 2004 was studied. The results show that the impact of LUCC on runoff regulation is significant due to the increase of forest vegetation coverage and terracing of the land on the slopes. The capacity of runoff yield will be reduced due to the optimal adjustment of land use structures and the increase of forest vegetation in any time scales, including single precipitation event, the period of rainfall season and in the whole year. The reduction percentages of average annual runoff coefficient in rich rainfall year, normal rainfall year and poor rainfall year in the latter land use period from 1995 to 2004 are approximately 51%, 85%, 84% respectively comparing with those in the former land use period from 1986 to 1994. Besides, if neglecting the influence of precipitation amount, the predicted runoff coefficient for latter period decreases by about 63% comparing with those in former period. In addition, the impact of LUCC on runoff exhibits seasonal characteristics and the peak flood amount decreases with the optimal adjustment of land use structures. Although the impact of increasing forest vegetation coverage on the capacity of runoff amount is lager than that of changing land use type from slopping farmland to terrace, both measures must be adopted for fulfilling the requirements of land resources sustainable utilization in Loess gullied-hilly region., QC 20141007

Land consolidation is a set of spatial-planning, legal, organizational, economic and technical measures undertaken for the purpose of improving natural, economic and ecological living and labour conditions in a land territory. Land consolidation, also, encompasses planning and renewal of rural settlements and accordingly, is a strong driving force for overall development of settlements (rural development) and environmental protection. This paper is primarily based on the observation of conditions and effects of the new model for land consolidation and rural development in Serbia, according to the proposed Land Consolidation Strategy and Pilot Project for Land Consolidation for the municipality of Velika Moštanica.

In dit onderzoek zijn de kosten en baten en de effectiviteit op duurzaam bodemgebruik beoordeeld van vijf bedrijfsmaatregelen: aanpassing van vruchtwisseling, preventie van bodemverdichting, optimalisering van ontwatering en flexibel peilbeheer, grondruil en landhuur/-verhuur en omzanden en diepploegen. De effecten op duurzaam bodemgebruik zijn beoordeeld op de aspecten organische stof, bodemstructuur, erosiegevoeligheid en bodemgezondheid. Verruiming van vruchtwisseling met meer maaivruchten en minder rooivruchten gaat meestal ten koste van het bedrijfsinkomen. Bij vruchtwisseling is bodemgezondheid een belangrijk aspect. Bodemverdichting kan worden verminderd. Dit vraagt meestal flinke investeringen. Met een goed management en goede voorlichting kan nog veel worden bereikt. Veranderingen in water- en peilbeheer gaan deels vaak ten koste van een optimale landbouwkundige productie. Er kunnen echter ook maatregelen worden toegepast die niet of nauwelijks nadelig zijn vanuit landbouwkundig oogpunt, maar wel gunstig zijn voor natuur en maatschappij

De gronden in het herverkavelingsgebied Weerijs-Zuid (onderdeel van voormalige ruilverkaveling Rijsbergen) bestaan uit afzettingen die dateren uit het Pleistoceen en het Holoceen. De afzettingen uit het Pleistoceen, die aan of nabij het oppervlak voorkomen, bestaan voornamelijk uit dekzand, lössleem en fluvioperiglaciaal zand. De zanden en de lössleem worden tot de Formatie van Twente gerekend. Langs de Weerijs of Aa en langs de Hazeldonksche Beek komen aan of nabij het oppervlak afzettingen (zand, klei en veen) voor die voor een belangrijk deel in het Holoceen zijn afgezet. Door een combinatie van kwel en afzetting komen in de beekdalen meest ijzerhoudende gronden voor. Buiten de beekdalen is het veen door afgraving en door een combinatie van grondbewerking, ontwatering en oxidatie nagenoeg verdwenen. In het gebied komen hoofdzakelijk zandgronden voor. Moerige gronden en veengronden komen in geringe oppervlakte voor in het noordwesten, oosten en zuidoosten van het gebied. De resultaten van het veldbodemkundig onderzoek zijn weergegeven op een bodem- en grondwatertrappenkaart (schaal 1 : 10 000). De gronden zijn beoordeeld op hun geschiktheid voor akker- en weidebouw, tuinbouw en boomteelt.

This study examines the relationship between land fragmentation and agricultural productivity in Vietnam, as well as the outcomes of land consolidation programs on productivity. Data from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey 2004 and data on the land consolidation process was used for the regression analysis. The results show weak correlations between fragmentation and productivity. Land fragmentation seems to be positively correlated to productivity due to more use of fertilizers and labour input. The communes that have consolidated their land are more productive, but this seems to be explained by initial differences in productivity. Our results suggest that there are no immidiate gains in land consolidation.

In opdracht van de DLG heeft Alterra de gronden in het landinrichtingsgebied Wintelre-Oerle onderzocht en beoordeeld op hun geschiktheid voor de akker- en weidebouw. Het onderzoek had als doel om de agrarische uitruilbaarheid te bepalen van de landbouwpercelen in het onderhavige gebied

Anders dan in de messte landen heeft het Kadaster steeds een prominente rol gespeeld in de uitvoering van landinrichtingsprojecten. En ook in de toekomst wil het kadaster zijn expertise op het gebied van geo-informatie en ruimtelijke inrichting volop inzetten ten bate van de Nederlandse samenleving

Small size of agricultural parcels, great dispersion and uneconomically shaped parcels are some of the main structural problems of Serbian agriculture. Bearing the fact that Serbia is one of the most rural jurisdictions in Europe, that is a big problem. Unlike most transition countries Serbia has a long tradition of land consolidation and there is an existing legal framework. However, there are difficulties with the current processes for land consolidation, and in practice, land consolidation exercises virtually ceased in the early 1990s. Modern times require more effective approaches to land consolidation in order to increase productivity and efficiency in the agricultural sector, and to bring the quality of living to higher level. The Government of Republic of Serbia, represented by the Serbian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management requested technical assistance from FAO considering the Organization’s expertise and experience with land consolidation in Central and Eastern Europe. As the result we have now the TCP project which started in April 2006. The main outputs of this project are: Preparation of a proposal for a national strategy for land consolidation; Design and implementation of a small land consolidation pilot component; Capacity building in land consolidation., Usitnjenost i rasutost parcela kao i oblik parcela nepovoljan za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju predstavljaju glavnu kočnicu razvoja srpske poljoprivrede. To predstavlja veliki problem s obzirom na činjenicu da je Srbija većinski ruralna zemlja. Za razliku od drugih zemalja u tranziciji, Srbija ima veliku tradiciju u oblasti komasacije kao i odgovarajući pravni okvir. Ipak, postoje određene poteškoće u primeni postojećeg načina komasacije što je imalo za posledicu prestanak rada na komasaciji tokom devedesetih godina prošlog veka. Moderno vreme zahteva efikasniji pristup komasaciji u cilju povećanja produktivnosti u poljoprivrednom sektoru, kao i podizanja kvaliteta života na viši nivo. Vlada Republike Srbije koju predstavlja Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, vodoprivrede i šumarstva, zatražila je tehničku pomoć od organizacije FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation of United Nations), imajući u vidu njihovu stručnost i iskustvo u komasaciju u istočnoj i centralnoj Evropi. Kao rezultat nastao je TCP projekat koji je startovao u aprilu 2006. godine. Ovaj projekat ima tri glavna cilja: Pripremu predloga nacionalne strategije za komasaciju; Izradu pilot projekta komasacije; Izgradnja kapaciteta za sprovođenje komasacije.

Wat zijn de mogelijkheden om herverkaveling, volgens de landinrichtingswetgeving, in te zetten in de stadsrand, om de daar aanwezige problemen op te lossen of tegen te gaan? De stadsrand is een aantrekkelijke vestigingsplaats voor bedrijvigheid, wat leidt tot verrommeling. Kan deze bedrijvigheid, evenals andere functies geclusterd worden om negatieve effecten zoals geluidsoverlast, verkeersoverlast en vosile verstoring te voorkomen? Deze mogelijkheden zijn er niet of zeer beperkt op basis van de huidige landinrichtingswetgeving. Er bestaat ook geen draagvlak om de problemen met herverkaveling op te lossen en er zijn geen aanwijzingen dat dit in de toekomst zal veranderen. Er bestaan andere, minder complexe en minder ingrijpende instrumenten die beter passen bij de problemen in de stadsrand., Geomatics, Civil Engineering and Geosciences

Voor een gedeelte van de landinrichting Fochteloerveen zal landbouwgrond veranderen in natuur, wat met een forse peilverhoging gepaard zal gaan. Voor aanliggende landbouwgronden wordt een effect verwacht. DLG heeft Alterra opdracht gegeven om met een ontwateringsadvies voor het gebied te komen. De aanwezigheid van keileem is daarbij een bepalende factor. Deze studie geeft o.a: een bodemkaart, een keileemkaart en een grondwatertrappenkaart

Meer waterberging en betere bescherming tegen extreem natte en extreem droge situaties. Dat is het doel van het Waternoodproject Rouveen dat het Waterschap Groot Salland uitvoert in het landbouwgebied ten oosten van de A28 en ten noorden van de Dedemsvaart. De werkzaamheden zijn zo goed als afgerond. Tijd om even stil te staan bij de voortgang, het hoe en waarom van dit project. Daarnaast komen in dit artikel betrokkenen aan het woord

Na een bespreking van de wet- en regelgeving omtrent de kavelruil wordt aan de hand van 2 recente ontwikkelingen aangegeven dat de goede werking van kavelruil in gevaar dreigt te komen

Aan de Bielersee moeten enkele wijnbouwgronden worden samengevoegd. Dit is een zeer lastige opgave, omdat er hoge kosten mee gemoeid zijn, de percelen opnieuw moeten worden ontsloten, en de ingrepen op het persoonlijkheidsrechten van de grondeigenaren

[EN] This paper analyzes the factors that contribute to changes in farming specialization, and it assesses the importance of such factors in the occurred transformations from dairy to cattle farms in Northern Spain. In line with this objective, we examine the role played on this process by the farms’ characteristics as well as farmers’ socio-economic factors. Furthermore, we asses the role played by public land consolidation policies, which were the main structural policies applied in this area during the last decades. Our data came from a representative sample of 458 livestock farms (active in 1999) in the province of ACoruña, during the period 1985-1999. From the total, 46 farms switched their productive orientation quitting dairy and entering into cattle production during the period of study. The rest kept their dairy specialization. Results indicate that dairy exit is positively related to farmer’s age. At the same time, it is negatively related to the following variables: dairy production per cow, total land, the existence of heirs, and the amount of family members working outside the farm. Furthermore, the fact that the farm had been involved in a land consolidation process did not have any direct effect on this change of productive orientation., [ES] Este trabajo pretende contribuir al estudio de los factores que determinan el paso de las explotaciones de vacuno de leche a vacuno de carne en la Cornisa Cantábrica, examinando para ello la relación de este proceso con las características productivas y familiares de las explotaciones. Además, se contrasta en concreto el papel jugado por la concentración parcelaria, la principal medida de reforma de estructuras agrarias aplicada en la agricultura de estas regiones durante las últimas décadas. Los datos empleados se refieren al período 1985-1999 y a una muestra de 458 explotaciones con ganado bovino (activas en 1999) sobre una población de 1.420 unidades productivas situadas en la Comarca Interior de la provincia de ACoruña. De esas unidades productivas, 46 dejaron de producir leche para reconvertirse a carne en el período estudiado, manteniéndose el resto dedicadas a la producción láctea durante todo el período. Los resultados indican que el abandono de la leche está relacionado de forma positiva con la edad del titular, mientras que otras variables que afectan al proceso de forma negativa son: la superficie total de la explotación, la producción media por vaca y la superficie media por parcela al inicio del período, la existencia de sucesión y el número de personas de la familia que trabajan fuera de la explotación. En cambio, el hecho de haberse realizado la concentración parcelaria no tiene influencia directa en el proceso de abandono de la producción lechera.

Als gevolg van de ruilverkaveling Buggenumse Veld is het natuurontwikkelingsgebied Bouxweerd gevormd. Kern van het gebied vormt een oud, ondiep, vogelrijk grindgat. Het natuurreservaat is nu in beheer van Staatsbosbeheer. Dit artikel geeft een inzicht in landschap, historie, abiotische kenmerken, vegetatie en avifauna. Met daarnaast de inrichting, beheer en toekomst van het gebied

In het kader van de ruilverkaveling Beesel-Swalmen is in 1998 een 28 ha groot gebied van het Meerlebroek opnieuw ingericht. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de recente kolonisatie door amfibieën van de nieuw gegraven poelen, waarbij een vergelijking wordt gemaakt met de situatie in de jaren tachtig

2 broers op een melkveehouderij stemden in met het voorontwerpplan van de ruilverkavelingscommissie Marshoek-Hoonhorst, omdat de doelstellingen hun aanspraken. Maar omdat ze vinden dat de commissie uiteindelijk de mogelijkheden niet evenredig heeft verdeelt en er zelfs frauduleuze handelingen zijn verricht zijn de broers naar de rechter-commissaris en de rechtbank gestapt

Alterra heeft een inventarisatie gemaakt van mogelijke maatregelen en de effecten van die maatregelen op de bodem- en waterafvoer in het heuvelachtige ruilverkavelingsgebied ten zuiden van Groesbeek