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To address challenges in the digital economy's landscape of digital intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have been developed. Improvements in computational power and available resources have significantly advanced LLMs, allowing their integration into diverse domains for human life. Medical LLMs are essential application tools with potential across various medical scenarios. In this paper, we review LLM developments, focusing on the requirements and applications of medical LLMs. We provide a concise overview of existing models, aiming to explore advanced research directions and benefit researchers for future medical applications. We emphasize the advantages of medical LLMs in applications, as well as the challenges encountered during their development. Finally, we suggest directions for technical integration to mitigate challenges and potential research directions for the future of medical LLMs, aiming to meet the demands of the medical field better., Comment: Preprint. 5 figures,5 tables

Xia Yu,1,* Yingxia He,2,* Yuzhen Gu,1,* Tingting Zhang,1 Fengmin Huo,1 Qian Liang,1 Jing Wu,1 Yan Hu,2 Xuan Wang,2 Wei Tang,2 Hairong Huang,1 Guan Liu2 1National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China; 2Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institution of Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, 430030, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hairong Huang; Guan Liu, Email huanghairong@tb123.com; liuguantbdoctor@hotmail.comObjective: To evaluate the resolution of chromosomal virulence D (chvD) as a novel marker for mycobacterial species identification.Methods: A segment of chvD (652 bp) was amplified by PCR from 63 mycobacterial reference strains, 163 nontuberculous mycobacterial clinical isolates, and 16 M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) clinical isolates. A phylogenetic tree based on the reference strains was constructed by the neighbor-joining and IQ-tree methods. Comparative sequence analysis of the homologous chvD gene efficiently differentiated the species within the genus Mycobacterium. Slowly growing Mycobacterium (SGM) and rapidly growing Mycobacterium (RGM) were separated in the phylogenetic tree based on the chvD gene.Results: The sequence discrepancies were obvious between M. kansasii and M. gastri, M. chelonae and M. abscessus, and M. avium and M. intracellulare, none of which could be achieved by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) homologous gene alignment. Furthermore, chvD manifested larger intraspecies diversity among members of M. intracellulare subspecies. A total of 174 of the 179 (97.21%) clinical isolates, consisting of 12 mycobacterial species, were identified correctly by chvD blast. Four M. abscessus subsp. abscessus were identified as M. abscessus subsp. bolletii by chvD. MTBC isolates were indistinguishable, because they showed 99.84%– 10

Yanfeng Bao,1,2,* Chen Dong,2,* Qian Liang,2 Xiaoming Zhang,3 Zhifeng Gu,2 Chun Cheng1 1School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 3Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhifeng Gu; Chun Cheng, Tel +86-13706291941 ; +86-13962952110, Email guzf@ntu.edu.cn; ccheng@ntu.edu.cnPurpose: The outbreak of coronavirus disease has become an evolving global health crisis with wide-ranging implications. Clinical researches from several countries have reported greater morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 patients with diabetes. SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 vaccines are currently the relatively effective means of prevention. The research was aimed to explore the attitudes of diabetic patients towards COVID-19 vaccine and the knowledge of COVID-19 related epidemiology and epidemic prevention.Methods: This case–control study was carried out in China via online and offline surveys. Knowledge questionnaire of COVID-19 and drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Scale (DrVac-COVID19S) were used to compare the difference of COVID-19 vaccination attitude, preventive measures, and knowledge of SARS-COV-2 between diabetic patients and healthy citizens.Results: The diabetic patients showed lower vaccination willingness and insufficient knowledge of the transmission route and common symptoms of COVID-19. Only 60.99% diabetic patients were willing to be vaccinated. Less than half of diabetics knew the COVID-19 spread by surface touch (34.04%) or aerosol (20.57%). The common symptoms like shortness of breath/ anorexia/ fatigue/ nausea/vomiting/diarrhea (34.04%) and panic and chest tightne

Foam cell formation is the hallmark of the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of three polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), namely, tangeretin (TAN), 5,6,7,3 ',4 ',5 '-hexamethoxyflavone (HxMF), and 3,5,6,7,8,3 ',4 '-heptamethoxyflavone (HpMF) on macrophage-derived foam cell formation and to further explore the molecular mechanisms. The RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cell model was successfully induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) (80 mu g/ml). It showed that TAN, HxMF, and HpMF alleviated ox-LDL-induced NO release while also inhibiting the expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in RAW264.7 cells. Uptake of excess ox-LDL was inhibited by TAN, HxMF, and HpMF, resulting in the reduction of its foam cell formation. Moreover, TAN, HxMF, and HpMF promoted HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. Western blot experiment showed that TAN, HxMF, and HpMF inhibited the expression of scavenger receptor class A type I (SRA1) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), while upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), liver X receptor alpha (LXR alpha), phospholipid ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and scavenger receptor class B type I (SRB1) expression. Together, our findings suggested that PMFs inhibited foam cell formation might inhibit lipid uptake via downregulating SRA1/CD36 expression and promote cholesterol efflux from foam cells via upregulating PPAR gamma/LXR alpha/ABCG1/SRB1 expression. This antiatherosclerotic activity is expected to provide new insights into the development of healthcare uses for PMFs.

Foam cell formation is the hallmark of the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of three polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), namely, tangeretin (TAN), 5,6,7,3 ',4 ',5 '-hexamethoxyflavone (HxMF), and 3,5,6,7,8,3 ',4 '-heptamethoxyflavone (HpMF) on macrophage-derived foam cell formation and to further explore the molecular mechanisms. The RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cell model was successfully induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) (80 mu g/ml). It showed that TAN, HxMF, and HpMF alleviated ox-LDL-induced NO release while also inhibiting the expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in RAW264.7 cells. Uptake of excess ox-LDL was inhibited by TAN, HxMF, and HpMF, resulting in the reduction of its foam cell formation. Moreover, TAN, HxMF, and HpMF promoted HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. Western blot experiment showed that TAN, HxMF, and HpMF inhibited the expression of scavenger receptor class A type I (SRA1) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), while upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), liver X receptor alpha (LXR alpha), phospholipid ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and scavenger receptor class B type I (SRB1) expression. Together, our findings suggested that PMFs inhibited foam cell formation might inhibit lipid uptake via downregulating SRA1/CD36 expression and promote cholesterol efflux from foam cells via upregulating PPAR gamma/LXR alpha/ABCG1/SRB1 expression. This antiatherosclerotic activity is expected to provide new insights into the development of healthcare uses for PMFs.

Foam cell formation is the hallmark of the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of three polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), namely, tangeretin (TAN), 5,6,7,3 ',4 ',5 '-hexamethoxyflavone (HxMF), and 3,5,6,7,8,3 ',4 '-heptamethoxyflavone (HpMF) on macrophage-derived foam cell formation and to further explore the molecular mechanisms. The RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cell model was successfully induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) (80 mu g/ml). It showed that TAN, HxMF, and HpMF alleviated ox-LDL-induced NO release while also inhibiting the expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in RAW264.7 cells. Uptake of excess ox-LDL was inhibited by TAN, HxMF, and HpMF, resulting in the reduction of its foam cell formation. Moreover, TAN, HxMF, and HpMF promoted HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. Western blot experiment showed that TAN, HxMF, and HpMF inhibited the expression of scavenger receptor class A type I (SRA1) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), while upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), liver X receptor alpha (LXR alpha), phospholipid ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and scavenger receptor class B type I (SRB1) expression. Together, our findings suggested that PMFs inhibited foam cell formation might inhibit lipid uptake via downregulating SRA1/CD36 expression and promote cholesterol efflux from foam cells via upregulating PPAR gamma/LXR alpha/ABCG1/SRB1 expression. This antiatherosclerotic activity is expected to provide new insights into the development of healthcare uses for PMFs.

Foam cell formation is the hallmark of the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of three polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), namely, tangeretin (TAN), 5,6,7,3 ',4 ',5 '-hexamethoxyflavone (HxMF), and 3,5,6,7,8,3 ',4 '-heptamethoxyflavone (HpMF) on macrophage-derived foam cell formation and to further explore the molecular mechanisms. The RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cell model was successfully induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) (80 mu g/ml). It showed that TAN, HxMF, and HpMF alleviated ox-LDL-induced NO release while also inhibiting the expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in RAW264.7 cells. Uptake of excess ox-LDL was inhibited by TAN, HxMF, and HpMF, resulting in the reduction of its foam cell formation. Moreover, TAN, HxMF, and HpMF promoted HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. Western blot experiment showed that TAN, HxMF, and HpMF inhibited the expression of scavenger receptor class A type I (SRA1) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), while upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), liver X receptor alpha (LXR alpha), phospholipid ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and scavenger receptor class B type I (SRB1) expression. Together, our findings suggested that PMFs inhibited foam cell formation might inhibit lipid uptake via downregulating SRA1/CD36 expression and promote cholesterol efflux from foam cells via upregulating PPAR gamma/LXR alpha/ABCG1/SRB1 expression. This antiatherosclerotic activity is expected to provide new insights into the development of healthcare uses for PMFs.

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have attracted extensive attentions in Brain-inspired Artificial Intelligence and computational neuroscience. They can be used to simulate biological information processing in the brain at multiple scales. More importantly, SNNs serve as an appropriate level of abstraction to bring inspirations from brain and cognition to Artificial Intelligence. In this paper, we present the Brain-inspired Cognitive Intelligence Engine (BrainCog) for creating brain-inspired AI and brain simulation models. BrainCog incorporates different types of spiking neuron models, learning rules, brain areas, etc., as essential modules provided by the platform. Based on these easy-to-use modules, BrainCog supports various brain-inspired cognitive functions, including Perception and Learning, Decision Making, Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Motor Control, and Social Cognition. These brain-inspired AI models have been effectively validated on various supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning tasks, and they can be used to enable AI models to be with multiple brain-inspired cognitive functions. For brain simulation, BrainCog realizes the function simulation of decision-making, working memory, the structure simulation of the Neural Circuit, and whole brain structure simulation of Mouse brain, Macaque brain, and Human brain. An AI engine named BORN is developed based on BrainCog, and it demonstrates how the components of BrainCog can be integrated and used to build AI models and applications. To enable the scientific quest to decode the nature of biological intelligence and create AI, BrainCog aims to provide essential and easy-to-use building blocks, and infrastructural support to develop brain-inspired spiking neural network based AI, and to simulate the cognitive brains at multiple scales. The online repository of BrainCog can be found at https://github.com/braincog-x., Comment: This paper was accepted by Patterns. The accepted version can be seen at https://www.cell.com/patterns/fulltext/S2666-3899(23)00144-7

Foam cell formation is the hallmark of the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of three polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), namely, tangeretin (TAN), 5,6,7,3 ',4 ',5 '-hexamethoxyflavone (HxMF), and 3,5,6,7,8,3 ',4 '-heptamethoxyflavone (HpMF) on macrophage-derived foam cell formation and to further explore the molecular mechanisms. The RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cell model was successfully induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) (80 mu g/ml). It showed that TAN, HxMF, and HpMF alleviated ox-LDL-induced NO release while also inhibiting the expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in RAW264.7 cells. Uptake of excess ox-LDL was inhibited by TAN, HxMF, and HpMF, resulting in the reduction of its foam cell formation. Moreover, TAN, HxMF, and HpMF promoted HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. Western blot experiment showed that TAN, HxMF, and HpMF inhibited the expression of scavenger receptor class A type I (SRA1) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), while upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), liver X receptor alpha (LXR alpha), phospholipid ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and scavenger receptor class B type I (SRB1) expression. Together, our findings suggested that PMFs inhibited foam cell formation might inhibit lipid uptake via downregulating SRA1/CD36 expression and promote cholesterol efflux from foam cells via upregulating PPAR gamma/LXR alpha/ABCG1/SRB1 expression. This antiatherosclerotic activity is expected to provide new insights into the development of healthcare uses for PMFs.

Liang-qian Tong,1,* Yan-fang Sui,2,* Sheng-nan Jiang,1 Yan-hai Yin3 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hainan Medicine College Affiliated Hainan Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Sheng-nan JiangDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43 of Renmin Road, Meilan District, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/ Fax +86 0898 66151088Email jiang_ddueg@tom.comObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism and smoking history in healthy adults by analyzing lung standardized uptake value (SUV).Methods: The 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) studies of 347 patients who did not show signs of having malignant diseases or lung inflammation were retrospectively evaluated. Four circular regions of interest (ROI) were manually drawn on the upper and lower lung regions. The averages of maximum SUV (SUVmax-avr) and mean SUV (SUVmean-avr) were calculated, and the mean values of each parameter for non-smokers, ex-smokers, and current smokers were compared. The correlation between SUVmax-avr and smoking history (tobacco burden and the duration of smoking cessation) was assessed based on present smoking status. The ex-smokers and current smokers were divided into three groups according to their tobacco burden, and the SUVmax-avrs of the two groups were compared.Results: Both the mean values of SUVmax-avr and SUVmean-avr increased based on smoking history, with non-smokers havin

Liang-qian Tong,1,* Yan-fang Sui,2,* Sheng-nan Jiang,1 Yan-hai Yin3 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hainan Medicine College Affiliated Hainan Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, 570311, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Sheng-nan JiangDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School Affiliated Haikou Hospital, No. 43 of Renmin Road, Meilan District, Haikou, Hainan, 570208, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/ Fax +86 0898 66151088Email jiang_ddueg@tom.comObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism and smoking history in healthy adults by analyzing lung standardized uptake value (SUV).Methods: The 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) studies of 347 patients who did not show signs of having malignant diseases or lung inflammation were retrospectively evaluated. Four circular regions of interest (ROI) were manually drawn on the upper and lower lung regions. The averages of maximum SUV (SUVmax-avr) and mean SUV (SUVmean-avr) were calculated, and the mean values of each parameter for non-smokers, ex-smokers, and current smokers were compared. The correlation between SUVmax-avr and smoking history (tobacco burden and the duration of smoking cessation) was assessed based on present smoking status. The ex-smokers and current smokers were divided into three groups according to their tobacco burden, and the SUVmax-avrs of the two groups were compared.Results: Both the mean values of SUVmax-avr and SUVmean-avr increased based on smoking history, with non-smokers havin

© Copyright 2015 by ASME. Biporous evaporator wicks for heat pipe and vapor chambers can perform superiorly by reducing the viscous drag with larger pores or channels and simultaneously generate higher capillary pressure with smaller pores radius. Unlike conventional sintered metal biporous wicks, cylindrical silicon micropillar based evaporator with microchannels, possess the following advantages: mature and easily controllable fabrication process, possibility of direct integration with semiconductor devices and no risk of thermal expansion mismatch. In this work, we investigated a biporous wick for the evaporator design, which consists of micro pillar arrays interspersed within micro channels. This design was systematically studied by constructing a mathematical model, by coupling Brinkman's equation with mass and energy conservation equations, to predict the biporous wicks' heat transfer performance. In order to find the best combination of geometric factors that give the highest heat flux at a certain superheat value, optimization in Matlab was done. The effect of diameter to pitch ratio, aspect ratio, channel width and contact angle on wick's permeability, capillary pressure and evaporative heat flux were also investigated. Conclusion was drawn that a higher diameter to pitch ratio of 0.57, reasonable aspect ratio of 1.75∼3.22, island to channel width ratio of around 1.96 are preferred in this kind of biporous wick's design. Biporous wick show potential to dissipate heat flux of 515.7 W/cm2 at superheat of 40 °C, which is 134 % higher compared to monoporous wick.

Qian Liang,1– 3,* Haofei Hu,4,* Han Wu,1– 3 Xuan Chen,1– 3 Wei Wang,1– 3 Ying Le,1– 3 Shufen Yang,1– 3 Lijing Jia1– 3 1Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lijing JiaDepartment of Endocrinology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail srmyynfmk@126.comBackground: Diabetic kidney disease often presents as increased urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR). 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is considered as the best indicator of vitamin D status. Previous studies have shown that 25(OH)D is related to the UACR. However, evidence concerning the connection between 25(OH)D and UACR is still limited in the Chinese population.Materials and Methods: A total of 549 participants with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the study from Shenzhen People’s Hospital, China. The participants were grouped by the tertiles of 25(OH)D level. The association between 25(OH)D and UACR was examined by multiple linear regression. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to verify a non-linear relationship. We conducted a subgroup analysis to evaluate the robustness of the results.Results: After adjusting for relevant variables, 25(OH)D was negatively correlated w

This case represents aesthetic restoration by full-contour monolithic zirconia crowns without porcelain veneer via a completely digital workflow. Virtual prostheses were designed following intraoral scanning and digital smile design (DSD) process. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based provisional restorations were used and adjusted as guide for aesthetic and occlusal evaluation. Definite self-glazed zirconia crowns were delivered by superimposing the abutment teeth and modified temporary crowns in situ. Such novel zirconia crowns were formed by net-shape manufacturing process following biogeneric copying of the provisional crowns. The restorations represented functionally tailored hierarchical structures exhibiting superior smoothness on the surface without conventional manual work of grinding, polishing and veneering. The application of full-contour monolithic zirconia restorations in the anterior region via a completely digital workflow indicates a reliable treatment option.

A mathematical model has been developed in previous work to optimize the parameters of the biporous structures with micro channels among pillars to reduce the viscous force by shortening the liquid prorogation length inside porous media. In this paper, an experimental rig has been built to test the performance of the designed samples at ambient conditions according to the previ- ous derived mathematical model. The pillar areas of the samples have been fabricated by photolithograph and Deep Reactive-Ion Etching (DRIE) with varied parameters for further comparisons. To simulate the concentrated heating of a working device and measure its temperature, a Pt heater and four Resistance Ther- mal Detectors (RTDs) have been fabricated by the electron beam deposition and lift-off process. The sample has been mounted horizontally to a water-proof sample holder, and the de-ionized water has been pumped into the evaporator through a reservoir by a syringe pump. By fine tuning the pumping rate, one can reach the minimum pumping rate while maintaining the water levels of the reservoir and the evaporator without drying out for a certain heating power. The mathematical model has be par- tially verified by the experimental results, which paves the way for the final design of the silicon vapor chamber., Singapore. National Research Foundation (Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology’s Low Energy Electronic Systems (LEES) IRG)

The amount of enamel wear on the antagonist occlusal surfaces caused by self-glazed zirconia crowns was compared with that caused by contralateral natural teeth. Thirteen self-glazed zirconia crowns were placed in situ. The impressions of self-glazed zirconia crowns, their antagonists and the control teeth were taken and scanned at baseline and 6-month follow-up. The patients were divided into two groups, the self-glazed crowns in one group were subjected to a large amount of grinding with well polishing (LaP group, n=7), while the other group required a little amount of grinding with well polishing (LiP group, n=6). Statistics were analysed by two-sided paired Student's t-tests to a significance level of p<.05. The results revealed that the maximum and mean enamel wear significantly different between the antagonists of self-glazed crowns and the control teeth (p<.05). Increased amount of enamel wear was found in LaP group (p<.05). The self-glazed zirconia crowns caused more enamel wear of antagonists than natural teeth after 6 months. Occlusal adjustment and polishing were considered as possible confounders which affected wear behaviour.

Lingling Yu,1 Shengsong Chen,2 Hui Bao,1 Weifang Zhang,3 Minqi Liao,1 Qian Liang,4 Xiaoshu Cheng1 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, 330006, China; 2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Nanchang of Jiangxi, 330006, China; 3Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, 330006, China; 4Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang of Jiangxi, 330006, China Background: Cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) is characterized as a tumor suppressor, which was first identified to be downregulated in endometrial carcinoma. Accumulating evidence was provided to testify the function of CASC2 in malignant tumors. However, a systematic and quantitative assessment is not available. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of CASC2 in multiple carcinomas through meta-analysis and bioinformatics. Materials and methods: A systematic assessment of the relationship of CASC2 with tumors was performed by using several computerized databases from inception to December 1, 2017. Pooled HR with 95% CI was calculated to summarize the effect. The data on prognosis of malignant tumors were also downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, OncoLnc, TANRIC and lncRNAtor database. Results: A total of 13 studies with 966 cancer patients were pooled in the analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of CASC2 in multiple tumors and the clinical features. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that low expression levels of CASC2 were associated with poor overall survival (OS) (pooled HR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.28–0.53, P<0.0001). CASC2 obviously has a negative correlation with advanced tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis (LNM) and T stage, respectively (P<0.0

In this paper, a modified Fourier-Ritz approach is adopted to analyze the free vibration of orthotropic annular sector thin plates with general boundary conditions, internal radial line and circumferential arc supports. In the present method, regardless of boundary conditions, the displacements of the sector plates are invariantly expressed as a standard Fourier cosine series and several auxiliary closed-form functions. These auxiliary functions are introduced to eliminate any potential discontinuities of the original displacement function and its derivatives throughout the whole domain including its edges, and then to effectively enhance the convergence of the results. Since the displacement field is constructed to be adequately smooth in the whole solution domain, an accurate solution can be obtained by using Ritz procedure based on the energy functions of the sector plates. The excellent accuracy and reliability of the current solutions are compared with the results found in the literature, and numerous new results for annular sector plates with various boundary conditions are presented. New results are obtained for annular sector plates subjected to elastic boundary restraints and arbitrary internal radial line and circumferential arc supports in both directions, and they may be served as benchmark solutions for future researches.

This paper adopts a modified Fourier-Ritz approach to study the free vibration characteristics of orthotropic circular, annular and sector thin plates subjected to general boundary conditions. For the arbitrary plate forms and the boundary conditions, the displacements can be written in the form of a standard Fourier cosine series supplemented with several auxiliary functions. The auxiliary functions, which are closed-form and introduced to remove all the potential discontinuities of the original displacement function and its derivatives in the whole domain, can be usefully employed in improving the convergence of the results. The artificial boundary spring technique and artificial coupling spring technique are adopted to simulate the arbitrary boundary conditions and to ensure appropriate continuity conditions along the radial edges, respectively. Because the displacement field is sufficiently smooth in the whole solution domain, the accurate solution can be obtained by using the Ritz procedure on the basis of the energy functions. The accuracy, reliability and versatility of the current method are fully demonstrated and verified through numerical examples involving plates with various shapes and boundary conditions.

A unified solution for the in-plane vibration analysis of multi-span curved Timoshenko beams with general elastic boundary and coupling conditions by combining with the improved Fourier series method and Rayleigh-Ritz technique is presented in this paper. Under the current framework, regardless of boundary conditions, each of displacements and rotations of the curved Timoshenko beams is represented by the modified Fourier series consisting of a standard Fourier cosine series and several closed-form auxiliary functions introduced to ensure and accelerate the convergence of the series representation. All the expansion coefficients are determined by the Rayleigh-Ritz technique as the generalized coordinates. The convergence and accuracy of the present method are tested and validated by a lot of numerical examples for multi-span curved Timoshenko beams with various boundary restraints and general elastic coupling conditions. In contrast to most existing methods, the current method can be universally applicable to general boundary conditions and elastic coupling conditions without the need of making any change to the solution procedure.

In cognitive radio systems, one of the main requirements is to detect the presence of the primary users' transmission, especially in weak signal cases. Cyclostationary detection is always used to solve weak signal detection, however, the computational complexity prevents it from wide usage. In this paper, a fast cycle frequency domain feature detection algorithm has been proposed, in which only feature frequency with significant cyclic signature is considered for a certain modulation mode. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has remarkable performance gain than energy detection when supporting real-time detection with low computational complexity., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Crowncom 2009

In cognitive radio systems, cyclostationary feature detection plays an important role in spectrum sensing, especially in low SNR cases. To configure the detection threshold under a certain noise level and a pre-set miss detection probability Pf, it's important to derive the theoretical distribution of the observation variable. In this paper, noise distribution in cyclic frequency domain has been studied and Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution is found to be a precise match. Maximum likelihood estimation is applied to estimate the parameters of GEV. Monte Carlo simulation has been carried out to show that the simulated ROC curve is coincided with the theoretical ROC curve, which proves the efficiency of the theoretical distribution model.

Micro-flotation tests on purified rutile from Zaoyang, Hubei province, China showed that, in the presence of 400 mg/l of nonyl hydroxamic acid as collector, the flotation recovery of rutile at pH 4.5 in the presence of Bi(III) ions as activator (added as bismuth nitrate) was 91%, compared to a 62% recovery in the absence of activator. Adsorption experiments indicated that, in the pH range 2.3-9.7, the amount of nonyl hydroxamic acid adsorbed on the rutile surface was significantly increased after the addition of Bi(III) ions. Zeta potentials on the rutile surface were found to shift to more positive values after the addition of Bi(III) ions, which was conducive to the adsorption of nonyl hydroxamic acid anions. X-ray photoelectron spectra demonstrated that the adsorption of Bi(III) ions on to the rutile surface had no effect on the chemical environment of the titanium atom. A two-step sequential adsorption mechanism is proposed involving Bi(III) ions occupying the vacancies after Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe2+ impurity ions on the rutile surface had dissolved in the acidic solution, and Bi(III) ions covering the surface as hydroxy compounds such as [Bi(OH)]2+ and [Bi(OH)2]+., Micro-flotation tests on purified rutile from Zaoyang, Hubei province, China showed that, in the presence of 400 mg/l of nonyl hydroxamic acid as collector, the flotation recovery of rutile at pH 4.5 in the presence of Bi(III) ions as activator (added as bismuth nitrate) was 91%, compared to a 62% recovery in the absence of activator. Adsorption experiments indicated that, in the pH range 2.3-9.7, the amount of nonyl hydroxamic acid adsorbed on the rutile surface was significantly increased after the addition of Bi(III) ions. Zeta potentials on the rutile surface were found to shift to more positive values after the addition of Bi(III) ions, which was conducive to the adsorption of nonyl hydroxamic acid anions. X-ray photoelectron spectra demonstrated that the adsorption of Bi(III) ions on to the rutile surface had no effect on the chemical environment of the titanium atom. A two-step sequential adsorption mechanism is proposed involving Bi(III) ions occupying the vacancies after Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe2+ impurity ions on the rutile surface had dissolved in the acidic solution, and Bi(III) ions covering the surface as hydroxy compounds such as [Bi(OH)]2+ and [Bi(OH)2]+.

Diese Dissertation besteht aus zwei aktuellen Themen im Bereich Finanzmathematik, die voneinander unabhängig sind. Beim ersten Thema, "Flexible Algorithmen zur Bewertung komplexer Optionen mit mehreren Eigenschaften mittels der funktionalen Programmiersprache Haskell", handelt es sich um ein interdisziplinäres Projekt, in dem eine wissenschaftliche Brücke zwischen der Optionsbewertung und der funktionalen Programmierung geschlagen wurde. Im diesem Projekt wurde eine funktionale Bibliothek zur Konstruktion von Optionen entworfen, in dem es eine Reihe von grundlegenden Konstruktoren gibt, mit denen man verschiedene Optionen kombinieren kann. Im Rahmen der funktionalen Bibliothek wurde ein allgemeiner Algorithmus entwickelt, durch den die aus den Konstruktoren kombinierten Optionen bewertet werden können. Der mathematische Aspekt des Projekts besteht in der Entwicklung eines neuen Konzeptes zur Bewertung der Optionen. Dieses Konzept basiert auf dem Binomialmodell, welches in den letzten Jahren eine weite Verbreitung im Forschungsgebiet der Optionsbewertung fand. Der kerne Algorithmus des Konzeptes ist eine Kombination von mehreren sorgfältig ausgewählten numerischen Methoden in Bezug auf den Binomialbaum. Diese Kombination ist nicht trivial, sondern entwikelt sich nach bestimmten Regeln und ist eng mit den grundlegenden Konstruktoren verknüpft. Ein wichtiger Charakterzug des Projekts ist die funktionale Denkweise. D. h. der Algorithmus ließ sich mithilfe einer funktionalen Programmiersprache formulieren. In unserem Projekt wurde Haskell verwendet. Das zweite Thema, Monte-Carlo-Simulation des Deltas und (Cross-)Gammas von Bermuda-Swaptions im LIBOR-Marktmodell, bezieht sich auf ein zentrales Problem der Finanzmathematik, nämlich die Bestimmung der Risikoparameter komplexer Zinsderivate. In dieser Arbeit wurde die numerische Berechnung des Delta-Vektors einer Bermuda- Swaption ausführlich untersucht und die neue Herausforderung, die Gamma-Matrix einer Bermuda-Swaption ex

Diese Dissertation besteht aus zwei aktuellen Themen im Bereich Finanzmathematik, die voneinander unabhängig sind. Beim ersten Thema, "Flexible Algorithmen zur Bewertung komplexer Optionen mit mehreren Eigenschaften mittels der funktionalen Programmiersprache Haskell", handelt es sich um ein interdisziplinäres Projekt, in dem eine wissenschaftliche Brücke zwischen der Optionsbewertung und der funktionalen Programmierung geschlagen wurde. Im diesem Projekt wurde eine funktionale Bibliothek zur Konstruktion von Optionen entworfen, in dem es eine Reihe von grundlegenden Konstruktoren gibt, mit denen man verschiedene Optionen kombinieren kann. Im Rahmen der funktionalen Bibliothek wurde ein allgemeiner Algorithmus entwickelt, durch den die aus den Konstruktoren kombinierten Optionen bewertet werden können. Der mathematische Aspekt des Projekts besteht in der Entwicklung eines neuen Konzeptes zur Bewertung der Optionen. Dieses Konzept basiert auf dem Binomialmodell, welches in den letzten Jahren eine weite Verbreitung im Forschungsgebiet der Optionsbewertung fand. Der kerne Algorithmus des Konzeptes ist eine Kombination von mehreren sorgfältig ausgewählten numerischen Methoden in Bezug auf den Binomialbaum. Diese Kombination ist nicht trivial, sondern entwikelt sich nach bestimmten Regeln und ist eng mit den grundlegenden Konstruktoren verknüpft. Ein wichtiger Charakterzug des Projekts ist die funktionale Denkweise. D. h. der Algorithmus ließ sich mithilfe einer funktionalen Programmiersprache formulieren. In unserem Projekt wurde Haskell verwendet. Das zweite Thema, Monte-Carlo-Simulation des Deltas und (Cross-)Gammas von Bermuda-Swaptions im LIBOR-Marktmodell, bezieht sich auf ein zentrales Problem der Finanzmathematik, nämlich die Bestimmung der Risikoparameter komplexer Zinsderivate. In dieser Arbeit wurde die numerische Berechnung des Delta-Vektors einer Bermuda- Swaption ausführlich untersucht und die neue Herausforderung, die Gamma-Matrix einer Bermuda-Swaption ex

Diese Dissertation besteht aus zwei aktuellen Themen im Bereich Finanzmathematik, die voneinander unabhängig sind. Beim ersten Thema, "Flexible Algorithmen zur Bewertung komplexer Optionen mit mehreren Eigenschaften mittels der funktionalen Programmiersprache Haskell", handelt es sich um ein interdisziplinäres Projekt, in dem eine wissenschaftliche Brücke zwischen der Optionsbewertung und der funktionalen Programmierung geschlagen wurde. Im diesem Projekt wurde eine funktionale Bibliothek zur Konstruktion von Optionen entworfen, in dem es eine Reihe von grundlegenden Konstruktoren gibt, mit denen man verschiedene Optionen kombinieren kann. Im Rahmen der funktionalen Bibliothek wurde ein allgemeiner Algorithmus entwickelt, durch den die aus den Konstruktoren kombinierten Optionen bewertet werden können. Der mathematische Aspekt des Projekts besteht in der Entwicklung eines neuen Konzeptes zur Bewertung der Optionen. Dieses Konzept basiert auf dem Binomialmodell, welches in den letzten Jahren eine weite Verbreitung im Forschungsgebiet der Optionsbewertung fand. Der kerne Algorithmus des Konzeptes ist eine Kombination von mehreren sorgfältig ausgewählten numerischen Methoden in Bezug auf den Binomialbaum. Diese Kombination ist nicht trivial, sondern entwikelt sich nach bestimmten Regeln und ist eng mit den grundlegenden Konstruktoren verknüpft. Ein wichtiger Charakterzug des Projekts ist die funktionale Denkweise. D. h. der Algorithmus ließ sich mithilfe einer funktionalen Programmiersprache formulieren. In unserem Projekt wurde Haskell verwendet. Das zweite Thema, Monte-Carlo-Simulation des Deltas und (Cross-)Gammas von Bermuda-Swaptions im LIBOR-Marktmodell, bezieht sich auf ein zentrales Problem der Finanzmathematik, nämlich die Bestimmung der Risikoparameter komplexer Zinsderivate. In dieser Arbeit wurde die numerische Berechnung des Delta-Vektors einer Bermuda- Swaption ausführlich untersucht und die neue Herausforderung, die Gamma-Matrix einer Bermuda-Swaption ex