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This research aims to distinguish genetic sedimentary processes building canyon geomorphological patterns and the factors driving different sedimentary activities in two nearby Mediterranean shelf-incised submarine canyons (Carchuna and Motril) that exhibit different degrees of incision on the narrow margin of the northern Alboran Sea. The straight Carchuna Canyon incises the shelf up to 200 m off the coastline and exhibit steep canyon walls featuring narrow terraces, muddy sands with high contents of organic matter along the thalweg, and transported shelf benthic foraminifera in distal settings. The Motril Canyon head is wider and incises the shelf edge, ca. 2 km off the coastline. It exhibits a sinuous morphology and less steep walls, wider terraces, and higher sedimentation rates with muddy sediments along the thalweg. In both canyons, cross-section relief, width, incision, and area decrease downslope, although these parameters increase locally. The downslope variations of geomorphological parameters are attributed to enhanced erosional/depositional processes promoted by tectonically controlled abrupt changes of the axial channel orientation. The degree of shelf incision, the location of the canyon heads in relation with the local sediment sources, and the seasonally variable hydrodynamic regimes determine the different degrees of recent canyon activity. The Motril Canyon is interpreted as a mature system that reflects episodic activity, collecting fine-grained sediments from the nearby Guadalfeo River. The Carchuna Canyon exhibits a youthful developmental stage whose activity is more continuous and involves sediment trapping of littoral cells and continuous downslope sand transport., This research aims to distinguish genetic sedimentary processes building canyon geomorphological patterns and the factors driving different sedimentary activities in two nearby Mediterranean shelf-incised submarine canyons (Carchuna and Motril) that exhibit different degrees of incision on the narrow margin of the northern Alboran Sea. The straight Carchuna Canyon incises the shelf up to 200 m off the coastline and exhibit steep canyon walls featuring narrow terraces, muddy sands with high contents of organic matter along the thalweg, and transported shelf benthic foraminifera in distal settings. The Motril Canyon head is wider and incises the shelf edge, ca. 2 km off the coastline. It exhibits a sinuous morphology and less steep walls, wider terraces, and higher sedimentation rates with muddy sediments along the thalweg. In both canyons, cross-section relief, width, incision, and area decrease downslope, although these parameters increase locally. The downslope variations of geomorphological parameters are attributed to enhanced erosional/depositional processes promoted by tectonically controlled abrupt changes of the axial channel orientation. The degree of shelf incision, the location of the canyon heads in relation with the local sediment sources, and the seasonally variable hydrodynamic regimes determine the different degrees of recent canyon activity. The Motril Canyon is interpreted as a mature system that reflects episodic activity, collecting fine-grained sediments from the nearby Guadalfeo River. The Carchuna Canyon exhibits a youthful developmental stage whose activity is more continuous and involves sediment trapping of littoral cells and continuous downslope sand transport.

This research aims to distinguish genetic sedimentary processes building canyon geomorphological patterns and the factors driving different sedimentary activities in two nearby Mediterranean shelf-incised submarine canyons (Carchuna and Motril) that exhibit different degrees of incision on the narrow margin of the northern Alboran Sea. The straight Carchuna Canyon incises the shelf up to 200 m off the coastline and exhibit steep canyon walls featuring narrow terraces, muddy sands with high contents of organic matter along the thalweg, and transported shelf benthic foraminifera in distal settings. The Motril Canyon head is wider and incises the shelf edge, ca. 2 km off the coastline. It exhibits a sinuous morphology and less steep walls, wider terraces, and higher sedimentation rates with muddy sediments along the thalweg. In both canyons, cross-section relief, width, incision, and area decrease downslope, although these parameters increase locally. The downslope variations of geomorphological parameters are attributed to enhanced erosional/depositional processes promoted by tectonically controlled abrupt changes of the axial channel orientation. The degree of shelf incision, the location of the canyon heads in relation with the local sediment sources, and the seasonally variable hydrodynamic regimes determine the different degrees of recent canyon activity. The Motril Canyon is interpreted as a mature system that reflects episodic activity, collecting fine-grained sediments from the nearby Guadalfeo River. The Carchuna Canyon exhibits a youthful developmental stage whose activity is more continuous and involves sediment trapping of littoral cells and continuous downslope sand transport., This research aims to distinguish genetic sedimentary processes building canyon geomorphological patterns and the factors driving different sedimentary activities in two nearby Mediterranean shelf-incised submarine canyons (Carchuna and Motril) that exhibit different degrees of incision on the narrow margin of the northern Alboran Sea. The straight Carchuna Canyon incises the shelf up to 200 m off the coastline and exhibit steep canyon walls featuring narrow terraces, muddy sands with high contents of organic matter along the thalweg, and transported shelf benthic foraminifera in distal settings. The Motril Canyon head is wider and incises the shelf edge, ca. 2 km off the coastline. It exhibits a sinuous morphology and less steep walls, wider terraces, and higher sedimentation rates with muddy sediments along the thalweg. In both canyons, cross-section relief, width, incision, and area decrease downslope, although these parameters increase locally. The downslope variations of geomorphological parameters are attributed to enhanced erosional/depositional processes promoted by tectonically controlled abrupt changes of the axial channel orientation. The degree of shelf incision, the location of the canyon heads in relation with the local sediment sources, and the seasonally variable hydrodynamic regimes determine the different degrees of recent canyon activity. The Motril Canyon is interpreted as a mature system that reflects episodic activity, collecting fine-grained sediments from the nearby Guadalfeo River. The Carchuna Canyon exhibits a youthful developmental stage whose activity is more continuous and involves sediment trapping of littoral cells and continuous downslope sand transport.

The Southern Atlantic Spanish continental margin extending from Tarifa to the Gracia Point is characterized by a narrow, sediment-starved continental shelf exposed to an intense hydrodynamic regime resulting from the combination of tidal currents, wind-driven storms and oceanic currents near the Strait of Gibraltar. This area is a good example to study sediment routing across a dispersive margin. Its coastal domain is characterized by highly mobile subaerial dunes (Navarro et al., 2011). However, the adjacent continental shelf remains poorly studied. In this sense, recent surveys led by the University of Cadiz allowed to characterize the major morpho-stratigraphic features of the shelf and to provide a first assessment of prevailing sedimentary processes (Lujan et al., 2011). Deformed basement rocks mainly formed by Flysch Complex units outcrop at the seabed over extensive shelf areas. These rocks are part of the Betic-Rif thrust wedge and are locally covered by Pliocene to Quaternary deposits. The sedimentary cover is molded by different fields of bedforms such as submarine dunes and comets marks that indicate the influence of hydrodynamics processes. Shelf sediment transport patterns seem to be eventually captured by a submarine channel that provides an efficient mechanism for sediment export toward deep-water settings. Nevertheless, major sediment transport pathways are still to be characterized across the continental shelf. A new data set allowed to further investigate sediment bedform distributionoff Gracia Point . Results obtained so far have revealed the occurrence of a sandy banner bank located offshore Gracia Point. The bank extends over an area of 20 km² from -10 to -90 m water depths. The banner bank is covered by a field of very large dunes, where individual dunes exhibit significative short-term (i.e., annual) displacements ranging from 0 to 10 m with an apparent westward migration trend parallel to the coastline influenced by a continental margin-scale

Purpose: In this paper, a new automated procedure based on deep learning methods for schizophrenia diagnosis is presented. Methods: To this aim, electroencephalogram signals obtained using a 32-channel helmet are prominently used to analyze high temporal resolution information from the brain. By these means, the data collected is employed to evaluate the class likelihoods using a neuronal network based on radial basis functions and a fuzzy means algorithm. Results: The results obtained with real datasets validate the high accuracy of the proposed classification method. Thus, effectively characterizing the changes in EEG signals acquired from schizophrenia patients and healthy volunteers. More specifically, values of accuracy better than 93% has been obtained in the present research. Additionally, a comparative study with other approaches based on well-knows machine learning methods shows that the proposed method provides better results than recently proposed algorithms in schizophrenia detection. Conclusion: The proposed method can be used as a diagnostic tool in the detection of the schizophrenia, helping for early diagnosis and treatment., QC 20230614

This paper studies the dependability of the Xilinx Deep-Learning Processing Unit (DPU) under neutron irradiation. It analyses the impact of Single Event Effects (SEEs) on the accuracy of the DPU running the resnet50 model on a Xilinx Ultrascale+ MPSoC., Comment: 4 pages

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is an increasingly used method of respiratory support. The use of NIV is expanding over the time and if properly applied, it can save patients’ lives and improve long-term prognosis. However, both knowledge and skills of its proper use as life support are paramount. This systematic review aimed to assess the importance of NIV education and training. Literature search was conducted (MEDLINE: 1990 to June, 2018) to identify randomized controlled studies and systematic reviews with the results analyzed by a team of experts across the world through e-mail based communications. Clinical trials examining the impact of education and training in NIV as the primary objective was not found. A few studies with indirect evidence, a simulation-based training study, and narrative reviews were identified. Currently organized training in NIV is implemented only in a few developed countries. Due to a lack of high-grade experimental evidence, an international consensus on NIV education and training based on opinions from 64 experts across the twenty-one different countries of the world was formulated. Education and training have the potential to increase knowledge and skills of the clinical staff who deliver medical care using NIV. There is a genuine need to develop structured, organized NIV education and training programs, especially for the developing countries

The main aim of this study is to explore the spatial patterns of the shelf-scale erosional unconformity related to the last glacial maximum (LGM), particularly in terms of the role of underlying geology and the presumed primary influence of sea-level changes. This involved a detailed mapping of the most recent and widespread erosional shelf surface in a sector of the northern margin of the Gulf of Cádiz (northeast Atlantic Ocean) located adjacent to a major fluvial source. A dense network of high-resolution seismic profiles collected in the 1990s and 2013 off the Guadiana River revealed two distinct geomorphological domains on the LGM shelf-scale subaerial surface. The outer domain exhibits a widespread occurrence of erosional truncations, with a rugged, erosional pattern over the most distal shelf setting that evolves landward into a planar unconformity. The inner domain is more extensive and is characterized by the common occurrence of highly reflective, localized mounded seismic facies that laterally evolve into an irregular surface and in places may develop a channelized morphology. Significant fluvial incision is limited to a major straight valley and a secondary distributary channel. A distinct partition of the lowstand surface is documented, and attributed to a well-marked lithological change. A coarse-grained inner shelf comprises underlying lithified coastal deposits, whereas a fine-grained outer shelf is regarded as the uppermost expression of regressive prodeltaic wedges. The influence of regional indurated surfaces is also expressed in (1) the pattern of erosion, this being more patchy on the inner shelf due to lateral changes of erodibility, whereas on the outer shelf it shows laterally continuous bands, owing to different modes of transgressive ravinement; (2) the spatial and temporal variability of fluvial incision. Inner shelf armoring by indurated deposits prevents reoccupation of previously incised valleys.

The main aim of this study is to explore the spatial patterns of the shelf-scale erosional unconformity related to the last glacial maximum (LGM), particularly in terms of the role of underlying geology and the presumed primary influence of sea-level changes. This involved a detailed mapping of the most recent and widespread erosional shelf surface in a sector of the northern margin of the Gulf of Cádiz (northeast Atlantic Ocean) located adjacent to a major fluvial source. A dense network of high-resolution seismic profiles collected in the 1990s and 2013 off the Guadiana River revealed two distinct geomorphological domains on the LGM shelf-scale subaerial surface. The outer domain exhibits a widespread occurrence of erosional truncations, with a rugged, erosional pattern over the most distal shelf setting that evolves landward into a planar unconformity. The inner domain is more extensive and is characterized by the common occurrence of highly reflective, localized mounded seismic facies that laterally evolve into an irregular surface and in places may develop a channelized morphology. Significant fluvial incision is limited to a major straight valley and a secondary distributary channel. A distinct partition of the lowstand surface is documented, and attributed to a well-marked lithological change. A coarse-grained inner shelf comprises underlying lithified coastal deposits, whereas a fine-grained outer shelf is regarded as the uppermost expression of regressive prodeltaic wedges. The influence of regional indurated surfaces is also expressed in (1) the pattern of erosion, this being more patchy on the inner shelf due to lateral changes of erodibility, whereas on the outer shelf it shows laterally continuous bands, owing to different modes of transgressive ravinement; (2) the spatial and temporal variability of fluvial incision. Inner shelf armoring by indurated deposits prevents reoccupation of previously incised valleys.

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is an increasingly used method of respiratory support. The use of NIV is expanding over the time and if properly applied, it can save patients' lives and improve long-term prognosis. However, both knowledge and skills of its proper use as life support are paramount. This systematic review aimed to assess the importance of NIV education and training. Literature search was conducted (MEDLINE: 1990 to June, 2018) to identify randomized controlled studies and systematic reviews with the results analyzed by a team of experts across the world through e-mail based communications. Clinical trials examining the impact of education and training in NIV as the primary objective was not found. A few studies with indirect evidence, a simulation-based training study, and narrative reviews were identified. Currently organized training in NIV is implemented only in a few developed countries. Due to a lack of high-grade experimental evidence, an international consensus on NIV education and training based on opinions from 64 experts across the twenty-one different countries of the world was formulated. Education and training have the potential to increase knowledge and skills of the clinical staff who deliver medical care using NIV. There is a genuine need to develop structured, organized NIV education and training programs, especially for the developing countries.

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is an increasingly used method of respiratory support. The use of NIV is expanding over the time and if properly applied, it can save patients' lives and improve long-term prognosis. However, both knowledge and skills of its proper use as life support are paramount. This systematic review aimed to assess the importance of NIV education and training. Literature search was conducted (MEDLINE: 1990 to June, 2018) to identify randomized controlled studies and systematic reviews with the results analyzed by a team of experts across the world through e-mail based communications. Clinical trials examining the impact of education and training in NIV as the primary objective was not found. A few studies with indirect evidence, a simulation-based training study, and narrative reviews were identified. Currently organized training in NIV is implemented only in a few developed countries. Due to a lack of high-grade experimental evidence, an international consensus on NIV education and training based on opinions from 64 experts across the twenty-one different countries of the world was formulated. Education and training have the potential to increase knowledge and skills of the clinical staff who deliver medical care using NIV. There is a genuine need to develop structured, organized NIV education and training programs, especially for the developing countries.

[ES] Introducción y objetivo: La cápsula endoscópica (CE) es la técnica de elección en la hemorragia de origen oscuro (HDOO). Cuando ésta recurre como hemorragia digestiva baja, es frecuente repetir la colonoscopia antes de la CE. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el impacto de la CE en la HDOO manifestada como rectorragia (HDOO-R) y cómo puede evitar la repetición innecesaria de la colonoscopia. Material y Métodos: Presentamos un análisis descriptivo de datos recogidos prospectivamente desde enero 2009 a enero 2014. Incluimos 51 pacientes, con gastroscopia y colonoscopia previas normales, que ingresan por recidiva de la HDOO-R. A su ingreso se repitió la colonoscopia y cuando no encontró la causa se indicó la CE. Exponemos la rentabilidad de la CE y la indicación de otras técnicas tras la misma. Resultados: El éxito diagnóstico de la colonoscopia al ingreso fue del 15.7% (8/51). En los 43 casos negativos, la CE obtuvo un rendimiento del 81.4% (35/43). La lesión más frecuente fue la enteropatía erosiva. El origen de la HDOO se alcanzaba con la endoscopia convencional en el 45,7% (16/35). El resultado de la CE indicó 33 nuevas exploraciones endoscópicas (44,2% terapéuticas, 19/43) y la repetición de la colonoscopia en un 23,2% (10/43). No hubo complicaciones. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia, la CE es altamente rentable y segura en la HDOO-R y dirige la verdadera necesidad de nuevas exploraciones. La colonoscopia se repetirá ante persistencia del sangrado cuando la CE sea normal o ésta sospeche el origen en el colon., [EN] Background and Goals: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is the technique of choice for obscure bleeding (OGB). When it recurs in the form of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (HDB) the usual procedure is to repeat the colonoscopy before the CE. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of CE in OGB when manifested as rectal bleeding (OGB-R) and how to avoid unnecessary repetition of the colonoscopy. Material and Methods: A descriptive analysis of data collected prospectively from January 2009 to January 2014. We included 51 patients with previous normal gastroscopy and colonoscopy, admitted for recurrent OGB-R. On their admission, colonoscopy was repeated and when the cause was not found, CE was requested. We show the effectiveness of CE and an indication of other technique safter it. Results: The success of diagnostic colonoscopy at admission was 15.7% (8/51). In the 43 negative cases, the CE yielded a performance of 81.4% (35/43). The most common injury was the erosive enteropathy. The origin of the OGB was achieved with conventional endoscopy in 45.7% (16/35). The outcome of the CE indicated 33 new endoscopies (44.2% therapeutic, 19/43) and the repetition of colonoscopy in 23.2% (10/43). There were no complications. Conclusions: In our experience, the CE is highly profitable and safe in OGB-R and addresses the actual need for new explorations. The colonoscopy will be repeated under persistent bleeding when the CE is normal or the suspected origin is in the colon.

© 2015, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. All rights reserved. A taxonomic synopsis of the genus Croton from the Andes of Mérida Venezuela was conducted. Vegetative characters were studied in 245 specimens and analyzed using a cluster method, which yielded 21 discrete groups. Each group received a specific taxonomic identity. Croton pedicellatus is recorded for the first time for Venezuela while C. fragilis, C. speciosus, and C. redolens are new records for the Andean region. Two new synonyms are proposed (C. chamanus under C. conduplicatus and C. timotensis under C. pungens) and three lectotypes are designated (C. pungens, C. ovalifolius and C. speciosus). The relationships between the species are discussed and an identification key is provided.

[ES] Introducción y objetivo: La cápsula endoscópica (CE) es la técnica de elección en la hemorragia de origen oscuro (HDOO). Cuando ésta recurre como hemorragia digestiva baja, es frecuente repetir la colonoscopia antes de la CE. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el impacto de la CE en la HDOO manifestada como rectorragia (HDOO-R) y cómo puede evitar la repetición innecesaria de la colonoscopia. Material y Métodos: Presentamos un análisis descriptivo de datos recogidos prospectivamente desde enero 2009 a enero 2014. Incluimos 51 pacientes, con gastroscopia y colonoscopia previas normales, que ingresan por recidiva de la HDOO-R. A su ingreso se repitió la colonoscopia y cuando no encontró la causa se indicó la CE. Exponemos la rentabilidad de la CE y la indicación de otras técnicas tras la misma. Resultados: El éxito diagnóstico de la colonoscopia al ingreso fue del 15.7% (8/51). En los 43 casos negativos, la CE obtuvo un rendimiento del 81.4% (35/43). La lesión más frecuente fue la enteropatía erosiva. El origen de la HDOO se alcanzaba con la endoscopia convencional en el 45,7% (16/35). El resultado de la CE indicó 33 nuevas exploraciones endoscópicas (44,2% terapéuticas, 19/43) y la repetición de la colonoscopia en un 23,2% (10/43). No hubo complicaciones. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia, la CE es altamente rentable y segura en la HDOO-R y dirige la verdadera necesidad de nuevas exploraciones. La colonoscopia se repetirá ante persistencia del sangrado cuando la CE sea normal o ésta sospeche el origen en el colon., [EN] Background and Goals: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is the technique of choice for obscure bleeding (OGB). When it recurs in the form of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (HDB) the usual procedure is to repeat the colonoscopy before the CE. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of CE in OGB when manifested as rectal bleeding (OGB-R) and how to avoid unnecessary repetition of the colonoscopy. Material and Methods: A descriptive analysis of data collected prospectively from January 2009 to January 2014. We included 51 patients with previous normal gastroscopy and colonoscopy, admitted for recurrent OGB-R. On their admission, colonoscopy was repeated and when the cause was not found, CE was requested. We show the effectiveness of CE and an indication of other technique safter it. Results: The success of diagnostic colonoscopy at admission was 15.7% (8/51). In the 43 negative cases, the CE yielded a performance of 81.4% (35/43). The most common injury was the erosive enteropathy. The origin of the OGB was achieved with conventional endoscopy in 45.7% (16/35). The outcome of the CE indicated 33 new endoscopies (44.2% therapeutic, 19/43) and the repetition of colonoscopy in 23.2% (10/43). There were no complications. Conclusions: In our experience, the CE is highly profitable and safe in OGB-R and addresses the actual need for new explorations. The colonoscopy will be repeated under persistent bleeding when the CE is normal or the suspected origin is in the colon.

Mediterranean tectonics results in tight orogenic arcs enclosing back-arc basins of oceanic or thinned continental lithosphere. The Gibraltar Arc cannot be explained solely by the Europe-Africa plate convergence; therefore complementary mechanisms have been proposed. Most of them imply a westward motion of the arc and a general transpressive regime on both branches (Betic and Rif chains). A structural revision made along the western Gibraltar Arc allows us to generate a detailed kynematic map and to introduce new constraints on the possible arc formation mechanisms. Our results suggest that the strain partitioned into two main types of structures: structures accommodating suborthogonal shortening (folds and thrusts) and structures accommodating arc-parallel stretching (normal faults, conjugate strike-slip faults, and distributed minor structures). On the basis of the fan pattern depicted by the slip direction of contractional structures and the homogeneous distribution of arc-parallel stretching, an arc formation mode close to the piedmont glacier type is suggested.