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46 results on '"Mallory, Mark"'

1. Future monitoring of litter and microplastics in the Arctic – challenges, opportunities and strategies

Author: Provencher, Jennifer F., Aliani, Stefano, Bergmann, Melanie, Bourdages, Madelaine, Buhl-mortensen, Lene, Galgani, Francois, Gomiero, Alessio, Granberg, Maria, Grøsvik, Bjørn Einar, Hamilton, Bonnie M., Kögel, Tanja, Larsen, Jan René, Lusher, Amy L., Mallory, Mark L., Murphy, Peter, Peeken, Ilka, Primpke, Sebastian, Strand, Jakob, Vorkamp, Katrin, Provencher, Jennifer F., Aliani, Stefano, Bergmann, Melanie, Bourdages, Madelaine, Buhl-mortensen, Lene, Galgani, Francois, Gomiero, Alessio, Granberg, Maria, Grøsvik, Bjørn Einar, Hamilton, Bonnie M., Kögel, Tanja, Larsen, Jan René, Lusher, Amy L., Mallory, Mark L., Murphy, Peter, Peeken, Ilka, Primpke, Sebastian, Strand, Jakob, and Vorkamp, Katrin
Abstract: The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) has published a plan and guidelines for the monitoring of litter and microplastics (MP) in the Arctic. Here we look beyond suggestions for immediate monitoring and discuss challenges, opportunities and future strategies in the long-term monitoring of litter and MP in the Arctic. Challenges are related to environmental conditions, lack of harmonization and standardization of measurements, and long-term coordinated and harmonized data storage. Furthermore, major knowledge gaps exist with regard to benchmark levels, transport, sources and effects, which should be considered in future monitoring strategies. Their development could build on the existing infrastructure and networks established in other monitoring initiatives in the Arctic, while taking into account specific requirements for litter and MP monitoring. Knowledge existing in northern and Indigenous communities, as well as their research priorities, should be integrated into collaborative approaches. The monitoring plan for litter and MP in the Arctic allows for an ecosystem-based approach, which will improve the understanding of linkages between environmental media of the Arctic, as well as links to the global problem of litter and MP pollution.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Global assessment of marine plastic exposure risk for oceanic birds

Author: Clark, Bethany L., Carneiro, Ana P. B., Pearmain, Elizabeth J., Rouyer, Marie-morgane, Clay, Thomas A., Cowger, Win, Phillips, Richard A., Manica, Andrea, Hazin, Carolina, Eriksen, Marcus, González-solís, Jacob, Adams, Josh, Albores-barajas, Yuri V., Alfaro-shigueto, Joanna, Alho, Maria Saldanha, Araujo, Deusa Teixeira, Arcos, José Manuel, Arnould, John P. Y., Barbosa, Nadito J. P., Barbraud, Christophe, Beard, Annalea M., Beck, Jessie, Bell, Elizabeth A., Bennet, Della G., Berlincourt, Maud, Biscoito, Manuel, Bjørnstad, Oskar K., Bolton, Mark, Booth Jones, Katherine A., Borg, John J., Bourgeois, Karen, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Bried, Joël, Briskie, James V., Brooke, M. De L., Brownlie, Katherine C., Bugoni, Leandro, Calabrese, Licia, Campioni, Letizia, Carey, Mark J., Carle, Ryan D., Carlile, Nicholas, Carreiro, Ana R., Catry, Paulo, Catry, Teresa, Cecere, Jacopo G., Ceia, Filipe R., Cherel, Yves, Choi, Chang-yong, Cianchetti-benedetti, Marco, Clarke, Rohan H., Cleeland, Jaimie B., Colodro, Valentina, Congdon, Bradley C., Danielsen, Jóhannis, De Pascalis, Federico, Deakin, Zoe, Dehnhard, Nina, Dell’omo, Giacomo, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Dilley, Ben J., Dinis, Herculano A., Dubos, Jerome, Dunphy, Brendon J., Emmerson, Louise M., Fagundes, Ana Isabel, Fayet, Annette L., Felis, Jonathan J., Fischer, Johannes H., Freeman, Amanda N. D., Fromant, Aymeric, Gaibani, Giorgia, García, David, Gjerdrum, Carina, Gomes, Ivandra Soeli Gonçalves Correia, Forero, Manuela G., Granadeiro, José P., Grecian, W. James, Grémillet, David, Guilford, Tim, Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor, Halpin, Luke R., Hansen, Erpur Snær, Hedd, April, Helberg, Morten, Helgason, Halfdan H., Henry, Leeann M., Hereward, Hannah F. R., Hernandez-montero, Marcos, Hindell, Mark A., Hodum, Peter J., Imperio, Simona, Jaeger, Audrey, Jessopp, Mark, Jodice, Patrick G. R., Jones, Carl G., Jones, Christopher W., Jónsson, Jón Einar, Kane, Adam, Kapelj, Sven, Kim, Yuna, Kirk, Holly, Kolbeinsson, Yann, Kraemer, Philipp L., Krüger, Lucas, Lago, Paulo, Landers, Todd J., Lavers, Jennifer L., Le Corre, Matthieu, Leal, Andreia, Louzao, Maite, Madeiros, Jeremy, Magalhães, Maria, Mallory, Mark L., Masello, Juan F., Massa, Bruno, Matsumoto, Sakiko, Mcduie, Fiona, Mcfarlane Tranquilla, Laura, Medrano, Fernando, Metzger, Benjamin J., Militão, Teresa, Montevecchi, William A., Montone, Rosalinda C., Navarro-herrero, Leia, Neves, Verónica C., Nicholls, David G., Nicoll, Malcolm A. C., Norris, Ken, Oppel, Steffen, Oro, Daniel, Owen, Ellie, Padget, Oliver, Paiva, Vítor H., Pala, David, Pereira, Jorge M., Péron, Clara, Petry, Maria V., De Pina, Admilton, Pina, Ariete T. Moreira, Pinet, Patrick, Pistorius, Pierre A., Pollet, Ingrid L., Porter, Benjamin J., Poupart, Timothée A., Powell, Christopher D. L., Proaño, Carolina B., Pujol-casado, Júlia, Quillfeldt, Petra, Quinn, John L., Raine, Andre F., Raine, Helen, Ramírez, Iván, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raül, Ravache, Andreas, Rayner, Matt J., Reid, Timothy A., Robertson, Gregory J., Rocamora, Gerard J., Rollinson, Dominic P., Ronconi, Robert A., Rotger, Andreu, Rubolini, Diego, Ruhomaun, Kevin, Ruiz, Asunción, Russell, James C., Ryan, Peter G., Saldanha, Sarah, Sanz-aguilar, Ana, Sardà-serra, Mariona, Satgé, Yvan G., Sato, Katsufumi, Schäfer, Wiebke C., Schoombie, Stefan, Shaffer, Scott A., Shah, Nirmal, Shoji, Akiko, Shutler, Dave, Sigurðsson, Ingvar A., Silva, Mónica C., Small, Alison E., Soldatini, Cecilia, Strøm, Hallvard, Surman, Christopher A., Takahashi, Akinori, Tatayah, Vikash R. V., Taylor, Graeme A., Thomas, Robert J., Thompson, David R., Thompson, Paul M., Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., Vicente-sastre, Diego, Vidal, Eric, Wakefield, Ewan D., Waugh, Susan M., Weimerskirch, Henri, Wittmer, Heiko U., Yamamoto, Takashi, Yoda, Ken, Zavalaga, Carlos B., Zino, Francis J., Dias, Maria P., Clark, Bethany L., Carneiro, Ana P. B., Pearmain, Elizabeth J., Rouyer, Marie-morgane, Clay, Thomas A., Cowger, Win, Phillips, Richard A., Manica, Andrea, Hazin, Carolina, Eriksen, Marcus, González-solís, Jacob, Adams, Josh, Albores-barajas, Yuri V., Alfaro-shigueto, Joanna, Alho, Maria Saldanha, Araujo, Deusa Teixeira, Arcos, José Manuel, Arnould, John P. Y., Barbosa, Nadito J. P., Barbraud, Christophe, Beard, Annalea M., Beck, Jessie, Bell, Elizabeth A., Bennet, Della G., Berlincourt, Maud, Biscoito, Manuel, Bjørnstad, Oskar K., Bolton, Mark, Booth Jones, Katherine A., Borg, John J., Bourgeois, Karen, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Bried, Joël, Briskie, James V., Brooke, M. De L., Brownlie, Katherine C., Bugoni, Leandro, Calabrese, Licia, Campioni, Letizia, Carey, Mark J., Carle, Ryan D., Carlile, Nicholas, Carreiro, Ana R., Catry, Paulo, Catry, Teresa, Cecere, Jacopo G., Ceia, Filipe R., Cherel, Yves, Choi, Chang-yong, Cianchetti-benedetti, Marco, Clarke, Rohan H., Cleeland, Jaimie B., Colodro, Valentina, Congdon, Bradley C., Danielsen, Jóhannis, De Pascalis, Federico, Deakin, Zoe, Dehnhard, Nina, Dell’omo, Giacomo, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Dilley, Ben J., Dinis, Herculano A., Dubos, Jerome, Dunphy, Brendon J., Emmerson, Louise M., Fagundes, Ana Isabel, Fayet, Annette L., Felis, Jonathan J., Fischer, Johannes H., Freeman, Amanda N. D., Fromant, Aymeric, Gaibani, Giorgia, García, David, Gjerdrum, Carina, Gomes, Ivandra Soeli Gonçalves Correia, Forero, Manuela G., Granadeiro, José P., Grecian, W. James, Grémillet, David, Guilford, Tim, Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor, Halpin, Luke R., Hansen, Erpur Snær, Hedd, April, Helberg, Morten, Helgason, Halfdan H., Henry, Leeann M., Hereward, Hannah F. R., Hernandez-montero, Marcos, Hindell, Mark A., Hodum, Peter J., Imperio, Simona, Jaeger, Audrey, Jessopp, Mark, Jodice, Patrick G. R., Jones, Carl G., Jones, Christopher W., Jónsson, Jón Einar, Kane, Adam, Kapelj, Sven, Kim, Yuna, Kirk, Holly, Kolbeinsson, Yann, Kraemer, Philipp L., Krüger, Lucas, Lago, Paulo, Landers, Todd J., Lavers, Jennifer L., Le Corre, Matthieu, Leal, Andreia, Louzao, Maite, Madeiros, Jeremy, Magalhães, Maria, Mallory, Mark L., Masello, Juan F., Massa, Bruno, Matsumoto, Sakiko, Mcduie, Fiona, Mcfarlane Tranquilla, Laura, Medrano, Fernando, Metzger, Benjamin J., Militão, Teresa, Montevecchi, William A., Montone, Rosalinda C., Navarro-herrero, Leia, Neves, Verónica C., Nicholls, David G., Nicoll, Malcolm A. C., Norris, Ken, Oppel, Steffen, Oro, Daniel, Owen, Ellie, Padget, Oliver, Paiva, Vítor H., Pala, David, Pereira, Jorge M., Péron, Clara, Petry, Maria V., De Pina, Admilton, Pina, Ariete T. Moreira, Pinet, Patrick, Pistorius, Pierre A., Pollet, Ingrid L., Porter, Benjamin J., Poupart, Timothée A., Powell, Christopher D. L., Proaño, Carolina B., Pujol-casado, Júlia, Quillfeldt, Petra, Quinn, John L., Raine, Andre F., Raine, Helen, Ramírez, Iván, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raül, Ravache, Andreas, Rayner, Matt J., Reid, Timothy A., Robertson, Gregory J., Rocamora, Gerard J., Rollinson, Dominic P., Ronconi, Robert A., Rotger, Andreu, Rubolini, Diego, Ruhomaun, Kevin, Ruiz, Asunción, Russell, James C., Ryan, Peter G., Saldanha, Sarah, Sanz-aguilar, Ana, Sardà-serra, Mariona, Satgé, Yvan G., Sato, Katsufumi, Schäfer, Wiebke C., Schoombie, Stefan, Shaffer, Scott A., Shah, Nirmal, Shoji, Akiko, Shutler, Dave, Sigurðsson, Ingvar A., Silva, Mónica C., Small, Alison E., Soldatini, Cecilia, Strøm, Hallvard, Surman, Christopher A., Takahashi, Akinori, Tatayah, Vikash R. V., Taylor, Graeme A., Thomas, Robert J., Thompson, David R., Thompson, Paul M., Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., Vicente-sastre, Diego, Vidal, Eric, Wakefield, Ewan D., Waugh, Susan M., Weimerskirch, Henri, Wittmer, Heiko U., Yamamoto, Takashi, Yoda, Ken, Zavalaga, Carlos B., Zino, Francis J., and Dias, Maria P.
Abstract: Plastic pollution is distributed patchily around the world’s oceans. Likewise, marine organisms that are vulnerable to plastic ingestion or entanglement have uneven distributions. Understanding where wildlife encounters plastic is crucial for targeting research and mitigation. Oceanic seabirds, particularly petrels, frequently ingest plastic, are highly threatened, and cover vast distances during foraging and migration. However, the spatial overlap between petrels and plastics is poorly understood. Here we combine marine plastic density estimates with individual movement data for 7137 birds of 77 petrel species to estimate relative exposure risk. We identify high exposure risk areas in the Mediterranean and Black seas, and the northeast Pacific, northwest Pacific, South Atlantic and southwest Indian oceans. Plastic exposure risk varies greatly among species and populations, and between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Exposure risk is disproportionately high for Threatened species. Outside the Mediterranean and Black seas, exposure risk is highest in the high seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the USA, Japan, and the UK. Birds generally had higher plastic exposure risk outside the EEZ of the country where they breed. We identify conservation and research priorities, and highlight that international collaboration is key to addressing the impacts of marine plastic on wide-ranging species.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Global assessment of marine plastic exposure risk for oceanic birds

Author: Clark, Bethany L., Carneiro, Ana P. B., Pearmain, Elizabeth J., Rouyer, Marie-morgane, Clay, Thomas A., Cowger, Win, Phillips, Richard A., Manica, Andrea, Hazin, Carolina, Eriksen, Marcus, González-solís, Jacob, Adams, Josh, Albores-barajas, Yuri V., Alfaro-shigueto, Joanna, Alho, Maria Saldanha, Araujo, Deusa Teixeira, Arcos, José Manuel, Arnould, John P. Y., Barbosa, Nadito J. P., Barbraud, Christophe, Beard, Annalea M., Beck, Jessie, Bell, Elizabeth A., Bennet, Della G., Berlincourt, Maud, Biscoito, Manuel, Bjørnstad, Oskar K., Bolton, Mark, Booth Jones, Katherine A., Borg, John J., Bourgeois, Karen, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Bried, Joël, Briskie, James V., Brooke, M. De L., Brownlie, Katherine C., Bugoni, Leandro, Calabrese, Licia, Campioni, Letizia, Carey, Mark J., Carle, Ryan D., Carlile, Nicholas, Carreiro, Ana R., Catry, Paulo, Catry, Teresa, Cecere, Jacopo G., Ceia, Filipe R., Cherel, Yves, Choi, Chang-yong, Cianchetti-benedetti, Marco, Clarke, Rohan H., Cleeland, Jaimie B., Colodro, Valentina, Congdon, Bradley C., Danielsen, Jóhannis, De Pascalis, Federico, Deakin, Zoe, Dehnhard, Nina, Dell’omo, Giacomo, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Dilley, Ben J., Dinis, Herculano A., Dubos, Jerome, Dunphy, Brendon J., Emmerson, Louise M., Fagundes, Ana Isabel, Fayet, Annette L., Felis, Jonathan J., Fischer, Johannes H., Freeman, Amanda N. D., Fromant, Aymeric, Gaibani, Giorgia, García, David, Gjerdrum, Carina, Gomes, Ivandra Soeli Gonçalves Correia, Forero, Manuela G., Granadeiro, José P., Grecian, W. James, Grémillet, David, Guilford, Tim, Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor, Halpin, Luke R., Hansen, Erpur Snær, Hedd, April, Helberg, Morten, Helgason, Halfdan H., Henry, Leeann M., Hereward, Hannah F. R., Hernandez-montero, Marcos, Hindell, Mark A., Hodum, Peter J., Imperio, Simona, Jaeger, Audrey, Jessopp, Mark, Jodice, Patrick G. R., Jones, Carl G., Jones, Christopher W., Jónsson, Jón Einar, Kane, Adam, Kapelj, Sven, Kim, Yuna, Kirk, Holly, Kolbeinsson, Yann, Kraemer, Philipp L., Krüger, Lucas, Lago, Paulo, Landers, Todd J., Lavers, Jennifer L., Le Corre, Matthieu, Leal, Andreia, Louzao, Maite, Madeiros, Jeremy, Magalhães, Maria, Mallory, Mark L., Masello, Juan F., Massa, Bruno, Matsumoto, Sakiko, Mcduie, Fiona, Mcfarlane Tranquilla, Laura, Medrano, Fernando, Metzger, Benjamin J., Militão, Teresa, Montevecchi, William A., Montone, Rosalinda C., Navarro-herrero, Leia, Neves, Verónica C., Nicholls, David G., Nicoll, Malcolm A. C., Norris, Ken, Oppel, Steffen, Oro, Daniel, Owen, Ellie, Padget, Oliver, Paiva, Vítor H., Pala, David, Pereira, Jorge M., Péron, Clara, Petry, Maria V., De Pina, Admilton, Pina, Ariete T. Moreira, Pinet, Patrick, Pistorius, Pierre A., Pollet, Ingrid L., Porter, Benjamin J., Poupart, Timothée A., Powell, Christopher D. L., Proaño, Carolina B., Pujol-casado, Júlia, Quillfeldt, Petra, Quinn, John L., Raine, Andre F., Raine, Helen, Ramírez, Iván, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raül, Ravache, Andreas, Rayner, Matt J., Reid, Timothy A., Robertson, Gregory J., Rocamora, Gerard J., Rollinson, Dominic P., Ronconi, Robert A., Rotger, Andreu, Rubolini, Diego, Ruhomaun, Kevin, Ruiz, Asunción, Russell, James C., Ryan, Peter G., Saldanha, Sarah, Sanz-aguilar, Ana, Sardà-serra, Mariona, Satgé, Yvan G., Sato, Katsufumi, Schäfer, Wiebke C., Schoombie, Stefan, Shaffer, Scott A., Shah, Nirmal, Shoji, Akiko, Shutler, Dave, Sigurðsson, Ingvar A., Silva, Mónica C., Small, Alison E., Soldatini, Cecilia, Strøm, Hallvard, Surman, Christopher A., Takahashi, Akinori, Tatayah, Vikash R. V., Taylor, Graeme A., Thomas, Robert J., Thompson, David R., Thompson, Paul M., Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., Vicente-sastre, Diego, Vidal, Eric, Wakefield, Ewan D., Waugh, Susan M., Weimerskirch, Henri, Wittmer, Heiko U., Yamamoto, Takashi, Yoda, Ken, Zavalaga, Carlos B., Zino, Francis J., Dias, Maria P., Clark, Bethany L., Carneiro, Ana P. B., Pearmain, Elizabeth J., Rouyer, Marie-morgane, Clay, Thomas A., Cowger, Win, Phillips, Richard A., Manica, Andrea, Hazin, Carolina, Eriksen, Marcus, González-solís, Jacob, Adams, Josh, Albores-barajas, Yuri V., Alfaro-shigueto, Joanna, Alho, Maria Saldanha, Araujo, Deusa Teixeira, Arcos, José Manuel, Arnould, John P. Y., Barbosa, Nadito J. P., Barbraud, Christophe, Beard, Annalea M., Beck, Jessie, Bell, Elizabeth A., Bennet, Della G., Berlincourt, Maud, Biscoito, Manuel, Bjørnstad, Oskar K., Bolton, Mark, Booth Jones, Katherine A., Borg, John J., Bourgeois, Karen, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Bried, Joël, Briskie, James V., Brooke, M. De L., Brownlie, Katherine C., Bugoni, Leandro, Calabrese, Licia, Campioni, Letizia, Carey, Mark J., Carle, Ryan D., Carlile, Nicholas, Carreiro, Ana R., Catry, Paulo, Catry, Teresa, Cecere, Jacopo G., Ceia, Filipe R., Cherel, Yves, Choi, Chang-yong, Cianchetti-benedetti, Marco, Clarke, Rohan H., Cleeland, Jaimie B., Colodro, Valentina, Congdon, Bradley C., Danielsen, Jóhannis, De Pascalis, Federico, Deakin, Zoe, Dehnhard, Nina, Dell’omo, Giacomo, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Dilley, Ben J., Dinis, Herculano A., Dubos, Jerome, Dunphy, Brendon J., Emmerson, Louise M., Fagundes, Ana Isabel, Fayet, Annette L., Felis, Jonathan J., Fischer, Johannes H., Freeman, Amanda N. D., Fromant, Aymeric, Gaibani, Giorgia, García, David, Gjerdrum, Carina, Gomes, Ivandra Soeli Gonçalves Correia, Forero, Manuela G., Granadeiro, José P., Grecian, W. James, Grémillet, David, Guilford, Tim, Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor, Halpin, Luke R., Hansen, Erpur Snær, Hedd, April, Helberg, Morten, Helgason, Halfdan H., Henry, Leeann M., Hereward, Hannah F. R., Hernandez-montero, Marcos, Hindell, Mark A., Hodum, Peter J., Imperio, Simona, Jaeger, Audrey, Jessopp, Mark, Jodice, Patrick G. R., Jones, Carl G., Jones, Christopher W., Jónsson, Jón Einar, Kane, Adam, Kapelj, Sven, Kim, Yuna, Kirk, Holly, Kolbeinsson, Yann, Kraemer, Philipp L., Krüger, Lucas, Lago, Paulo, Landers, Todd J., Lavers, Jennifer L., Le Corre, Matthieu, Leal, Andreia, Louzao, Maite, Madeiros, Jeremy, Magalhães, Maria, Mallory, Mark L., Masello, Juan F., Massa, Bruno, Matsumoto, Sakiko, Mcduie, Fiona, Mcfarlane Tranquilla, Laura, Medrano, Fernando, Metzger, Benjamin J., Militão, Teresa, Montevecchi, William A., Montone, Rosalinda C., Navarro-herrero, Leia, Neves, Verónica C., Nicholls, David G., Nicoll, Malcolm A. C., Norris, Ken, Oppel, Steffen, Oro, Daniel, Owen, Ellie, Padget, Oliver, Paiva, Vítor H., Pala, David, Pereira, Jorge M., Péron, Clara, Petry, Maria V., De Pina, Admilton, Pina, Ariete T. Moreira, Pinet, Patrick, Pistorius, Pierre A., Pollet, Ingrid L., Porter, Benjamin J., Poupart, Timothée A., Powell, Christopher D. L., Proaño, Carolina B., Pujol-casado, Júlia, Quillfeldt, Petra, Quinn, John L., Raine, Andre F., Raine, Helen, Ramírez, Iván, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raül, Ravache, Andreas, Rayner, Matt J., Reid, Timothy A., Robertson, Gregory J., Rocamora, Gerard J., Rollinson, Dominic P., Ronconi, Robert A., Rotger, Andreu, Rubolini, Diego, Ruhomaun, Kevin, Ruiz, Asunción, Russell, James C., Ryan, Peter G., Saldanha, Sarah, Sanz-aguilar, Ana, Sardà-serra, Mariona, Satgé, Yvan G., Sato, Katsufumi, Schäfer, Wiebke C., Schoombie, Stefan, Shaffer, Scott A., Shah, Nirmal, Shoji, Akiko, Shutler, Dave, Sigurðsson, Ingvar A., Silva, Mónica C., Small, Alison E., Soldatini, Cecilia, Strøm, Hallvard, Surman, Christopher A., Takahashi, Akinori, Tatayah, Vikash R. V., Taylor, Graeme A., Thomas, Robert J., Thompson, David R., Thompson, Paul M., Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., Vicente-sastre, Diego, Vidal, Eric, Wakefield, Ewan D., Waugh, Susan M., Weimerskirch, Henri, Wittmer, Heiko U., Yamamoto, Takashi, Yoda, Ken, Zavalaga, Carlos B., Zino, Francis J., and Dias, Maria P.
Abstract: Plastic pollution is distributed patchily around the world’s oceans. Likewise, marine organisms that are vulnerable to plastic ingestion or entanglement have uneven distributions. Understanding where wildlife encounters plastic is crucial for targeting research and mitigation. Oceanic seabirds, particularly petrels, frequently ingest plastic, are highly threatened, and cover vast distances during foraging and migration. However, the spatial overlap between petrels and plastics is poorly understood. Here we combine marine plastic density estimates with individual movement data for 7137 birds of 77 petrel species to estimate relative exposure risk. We identify high exposure risk areas in the Mediterranean and Black seas, and the northeast Pacific, northwest Pacific, South Atlantic and southwest Indian oceans. Plastic exposure risk varies greatly among species and populations, and between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Exposure risk is disproportionately high for Threatened species. Outside the Mediterranean and Black seas, exposure risk is highest in the high seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the USA, Japan, and the UK. Birds generally had higher plastic exposure risk outside the EEZ of the country where they breed. We identify conservation and research priorities, and highlight that international collaboration is key to addressing the impacts of marine plastic on wide-ranging species.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Future monitoring of litter and microplastics in the Arctic – challenges, opportunities and strategies

Author: Provencher, Jennifer F., Aliani, Stefano, Bergmann, Melanie, Bourdages, Madelaine, Buhl-mortensen, Lene, Galgani, Francois, Gomiero, Alessio, Granberg, Maria, Grøsvik, Bjørn Einar, Hamilton, Bonnie M., Kögel, Tanja, Larsen, Jan René, Lusher, Amy L., Mallory, Mark L., Murphy, Peter, Peeken, Ilka, Primpke, Sebastian, Strand, Jakob, Vorkamp, Katrin, Provencher, Jennifer F., Aliani, Stefano, Bergmann, Melanie, Bourdages, Madelaine, Buhl-mortensen, Lene, Galgani, Francois, Gomiero, Alessio, Granberg, Maria, Grøsvik, Bjørn Einar, Hamilton, Bonnie M., Kögel, Tanja, Larsen, Jan René, Lusher, Amy L., Mallory, Mark L., Murphy, Peter, Peeken, Ilka, Primpke, Sebastian, Strand, Jakob, and Vorkamp, Katrin
Abstract: The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) has published a plan and guidelines for the monitoring of litter and microplastics (MP) in the Arctic. Here we look beyond suggestions for immediate monitoring and discuss challenges, opportunities and future strategies in the long-term monitoring of litter and MP in the Arctic. Challenges are related to environmental conditions, lack of harmonization and standardization of measurements, and long-term coordinated and harmonized data storage. Furthermore, major knowledge gaps exist with regard to benchmark levels, transport, sources and effects, which should be considered in future monitoring strategies. Their development could build on the existing infrastructure and networks established in other monitoring initiatives in the Arctic, while taking into account specific requirements for litter and MP monitoring. Knowledge existing in northern and Indigenous communities, as well as their research priorities, should be integrated into collaborative approaches. The monitoring plan for litter and MP in the Arctic allows for an ecosystem-based approach, which will improve the understanding of linkages between environmental media of the Arctic, as well as links to the global problem of litter and MP pollution.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Global assessment of marine plastic exposure risk for oceanic birds

Author: Cambridge Conservation Initiative, Fondation Prince Albert II de Monaco, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Clark, Bethany L., Carneiro, Ana P. B., Pearmain, Elizabeth J., Rouyer, Marie-Morgane, Clay, Thomas A., Cowger, Win, Phillips, Richard A., Manica, Andrea, Hazin, Carolina, Eriksen, Marcus, González-Solís, Jacob, Adams, Josh, Albores-Barajas, Yuri V., Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna, Alho, Maria Saldanha, Araujo, Deusa Teixeira, Arcos, José Manuel, Arnould, John P. Y., Barbosa, Nadito J. P., Barbraud, Christophe, Beard, Annalea M., Beck, Jessie, Bell, Elizabeth A., Bennet, Della G., Berlincourt, Maud, Biscoito, Manuel, Bjørnstad, Oskar K., Bolton, Mark, Booth Jones, Katherine A., Borg, John J., Bourgeois, Karen, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Bried, Joël, Briskie, James V., Brooke, M de L., Brownlie, Katherine C., Bugoni, Leandro, Calabrese, Licia, Campioni, Letizia, Carey, Mark J., Carle, Ryan D., Carlile, Nicholas, Carreiro, Ana R., Catry, Paulo, Catry, Teresa, Cecere, Jacopo G., Ceia, Filipe R., Cherel, Yves, Choi, Chang-Yong, Cianchetti-Benedetti, Marco, Clarke, Rohan H., Cleeland, Jaimie B., Colodro, Valentina, Congdon, Bradley C., Danielsen, Jóhannis, De Pascalis, Federico, Deakin, Zoe, Dehnhard, Nina, Dell'Omo, Giacomo, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Dilley, Ben J., Dinis, Herculano A., Dubos, Jerome, Dunphy, Brendon J., Emmerson, Louise M., Fagundes, Ana Isabel, Fayet, Annette L., Felis, Jonathan J., Fischer, Johannes H., Freeman, Amanda N. D., Fromant, Aymeric, Gaibani, Giorgia, García, David, Gjerdrum, Carina, Gomes, Ivandra Soeli Gonçalves Correia, Forero, Manuela G., Granadeiro, José P., Grecian, W James, Grémillet, David, Guilford, Tim, Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor, Halpin, Luke R., Hansen, Erpur Snær, Hedd, April, Helberg, Morten, Helgason, Halfdan H., Henry, Leeann M., Hereward, Hannah F. R., Hernandez-Montero, Marcos, Hindell, Mark A., Hodum, Peter J., Imperio, Simona, Jaeger, Audrey, Jessopp, Mark, Jodice, Patrick G. R., Jones, Carl G, Jones, Christopher W., Jónsson, Jón Einar, Kane, Adam, Kapelj, Sven, Kim, Yuna, Kirk, Holly, Kolbeinsson, Yann, Kraemer, Philipp L., Krüger, Lucas, Lago, Paulo, Landers, Todd J., Lavers, Jennifer L., Le Corre, Matthieu, Leal, Andreia, Louzao, Maite, Madeiros, Jeremy, Magalhães, Maria, Mallory, Mark L., Masello, Juan F., Massa, Bruno, Matsumoto, Sakiko, McDuie, Fiona, McFarlane Tranquilla, Laura, Medrano, Fernando, Metzger, Benjamin J., Militão, Teresa, Montevecchi, William A., Montone, Rosalinda C., Navarro-Herrero, Leia, Neves, Verónica C., Nicholls, David G., Nicoll, Malcolm A .C., Norris, Ken, Oppel, Steffen, Oro, Daniel, Owen, Ellie, Padget, Oliver, Paiva, Vítor H., Pala, David, Pereira, Jorge M., Péron, Clara, Petry, Maria V., de Pina, Admilton, Pina, Ariete T Moreira, Pinet, Patrick, Pistorius, Pierre A., Pollet, Ingrid L., Porter, Benjamin J., Poupart, Timothée A., Powell, Christopher D. L., Proaño, Carolina B., Pujol-Casado, Júlia, Quillfeldt, Petra, Quinn, John L., Raine, Andre F., Raine, Helen, Ramírez, Iván, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raül, Ravache, Andreas, Rayner, Matt J., Reid, Timothy A., Robertson, Gregory J., Rocamora, Gerard J., Rollinson, Dominic P., Ronconi, Robert A., Rotger, Andreu, Rubolini, Diego, Ruhomaun, Kevin, Ruiz, Asunción, Russell, James C., Ryan, Peter G., Saldanha, Sarah, Sanz-Aguilar, Ana, Sardà-Serra, Mariona, Satgé, Yvan G., Sato, Katsufumi, Schäfer, Wiebke C., Schoombie, Stefan, Shaffer, Scott A., Shah, Nirmal, Shoji, Akiko, Shutler, Dave, Sigurðsson, Ingvar A., Silva, Mónica C., Small, Alison E., Soldatini, Cecilia, Strøm, Hallvard, Surman, Christopher A., Takahashi, Akinori, Tatayah, Vikash R. V., Taylor, Graeme A., Thomas, Robert J., Thompson, David R., Thompson, Paul M., Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., Vicente-Sastre, Diego, Vidal, Eric, Wakefield, Ewan D., Waugh, Susan M., Weimerskirch, Henri, Wittmer, Heiko U., Yamamoto, Takashi, Yoda, Ken, Zavalaga, Carlos B., Zino, Francis J., Dias, Maria P., Cambridge Conservation Initiative, Fondation Prince Albert II de Monaco, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Clark, Bethany L., Carneiro, Ana P. B., Pearmain, Elizabeth J., Rouyer, Marie-Morgane, Clay, Thomas A., Cowger, Win, Phillips, Richard A., Manica, Andrea, Hazin, Carolina, Eriksen, Marcus, González-Solís, Jacob, Adams, Josh, Albores-Barajas, Yuri V., Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna, Alho, Maria Saldanha, Araujo, Deusa Teixeira, Arcos, José Manuel, Arnould, John P. Y., Barbosa, Nadito J. P., Barbraud, Christophe, Beard, Annalea M., Beck, Jessie, Bell, Elizabeth A., Bennet, Della G., Berlincourt, Maud, Biscoito, Manuel, Bjørnstad, Oskar K., Bolton, Mark, Booth Jones, Katherine A., Borg, John J., Bourgeois, Karen, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Bried, Joël, Briskie, James V., Brooke, M de L., Brownlie, Katherine C., Bugoni, Leandro, Calabrese, Licia, Campioni, Letizia, Carey, Mark J., Carle, Ryan D., Carlile, Nicholas, Carreiro, Ana R., Catry, Paulo, Catry, Teresa, Cecere, Jacopo G., Ceia, Filipe R., Cherel, Yves, Choi, Chang-Yong, Cianchetti-Benedetti, Marco, Clarke, Rohan H., Cleeland, Jaimie B., Colodro, Valentina, Congdon, Bradley C., Danielsen, Jóhannis, De Pascalis, Federico, Deakin, Zoe, Dehnhard, Nina, Dell'Omo, Giacomo, Delord, Karine, Descamps, Sébastien, Dilley, Ben J., Dinis, Herculano A., Dubos, Jerome, Dunphy, Brendon J., Emmerson, Louise M., Fagundes, Ana Isabel, Fayet, Annette L., Felis, Jonathan J., Fischer, Johannes H., Freeman, Amanda N. D., Fromant, Aymeric, Gaibani, Giorgia, García, David, Gjerdrum, Carina, Gomes, Ivandra Soeli Gonçalves Correia, Forero, Manuela G., Granadeiro, José P., Grecian, W James, Grémillet, David, Guilford, Tim, Hallgrimsson, Gunnar Thor, Halpin, Luke R., Hansen, Erpur Snær, Hedd, April, Helberg, Morten, Helgason, Halfdan H., Henry, Leeann M., Hereward, Hannah F. R., Hernandez-Montero, Marcos, Hindell, Mark A., Hodum, Peter J., Imperio, Simona, Jaeger, Audrey, Jessopp, Mark, Jodice, Patrick G. R., Jones, Carl G, Jones, Christopher W., Jónsson, Jón Einar, Kane, Adam, Kapelj, Sven, Kim, Yuna, Kirk, Holly, Kolbeinsson, Yann, Kraemer, Philipp L., Krüger, Lucas, Lago, Paulo, Landers, Todd J., Lavers, Jennifer L., Le Corre, Matthieu, Leal, Andreia, Louzao, Maite, Madeiros, Jeremy, Magalhães, Maria, Mallory, Mark L., Masello, Juan F., Massa, Bruno, Matsumoto, Sakiko, McDuie, Fiona, McFarlane Tranquilla, Laura, Medrano, Fernando, Metzger, Benjamin J., Militão, Teresa, Montevecchi, William A., Montone, Rosalinda C., Navarro-Herrero, Leia, Neves, Verónica C., Nicholls, David G., Nicoll, Malcolm A .C., Norris, Ken, Oppel, Steffen, Oro, Daniel, Owen, Ellie, Padget, Oliver, Paiva, Vítor H., Pala, David, Pereira, Jorge M., Péron, Clara, Petry, Maria V., de Pina, Admilton, Pina, Ariete T Moreira, Pinet, Patrick, Pistorius, Pierre A., Pollet, Ingrid L., Porter, Benjamin J., Poupart, Timothée A., Powell, Christopher D. L., Proaño, Carolina B., Pujol-Casado, Júlia, Quillfeldt, Petra, Quinn, John L., Raine, Andre F., Raine, Helen, Ramírez, Iván, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raül, Ravache, Andreas, Rayner, Matt J., Reid, Timothy A., Robertson, Gregory J., Rocamora, Gerard J., Rollinson, Dominic P., Ronconi, Robert A., Rotger, Andreu, Rubolini, Diego, Ruhomaun, Kevin, Ruiz, Asunción, Russell, James C., Ryan, Peter G., Saldanha, Sarah, Sanz-Aguilar, Ana, Sardà-Serra, Mariona, Satgé, Yvan G., Sato, Katsufumi, Schäfer, Wiebke C., Schoombie, Stefan, Shaffer, Scott A., Shah, Nirmal, Shoji, Akiko, Shutler, Dave, Sigurðsson, Ingvar A., Silva, Mónica C., Small, Alison E., Soldatini, Cecilia, Strøm, Hallvard, Surman, Christopher A., Takahashi, Akinori, Tatayah, Vikash R. V., Taylor, Graeme A., Thomas, Robert J., Thompson, David R., Thompson, Paul M., Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., Vicente-Sastre, Diego, Vidal, Eric, Wakefield, Ewan D., Waugh, Susan M., Weimerskirch, Henri, Wittmer, Heiko U., Yamamoto, Takashi, Yoda, Ken, Zavalaga, Carlos B., Zino, Francis J., and Dias, Maria P.
Abstract: Plastic pollution is distributed patchily around the world's oceans. Likewise, marine organisms that are vulnerable to plastic ingestion or entanglement have uneven distributions. Understanding where wildlife encounters plastic is crucial for targeting research and mitigation. Oceanic seabirds, particularly petrels, frequently ingest plastic, are highly threatened, and cover vast distances during foraging and migration. However, the spatial overlap between petrels and plastics is poorly understood. Here we combine marine plastic density estimates with individual movement data for 7137 birds of 77 petrel species to estimate relative exposure risk. We identify high exposure risk areas in the Mediterranean and Black seas, and the northeast Pacific, northwest Pacific, South Atlantic and southwest Indian oceans. Plastic exposure risk varies greatly among species and populations, and between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Exposure risk is disproportionately high for Threatened species. Outside the Mediterranean and Black seas, exposure risk is highest in the high seas and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of the USA, Japan, and the UK. Birds generally had higher plastic exposure risk outside the EEZ of the country where they breed. We identify conservation and research priorities, and highlight that international collaboration is key to addressing the impacts of marine plastic on wide-ranging species.
Published: 2023

6. Variation and correlation in the timing of breeding of North Atlantic seabirds across multiple scales

Author: Keogan, Katharine, Daunt, Francis, Wanless, Sarah, Phillips, Richard A., Alvarez, David, Anker‐Nilssen, Tycho, Barrett, Robert T., Bech, Claus, Becker, Peter H., Berglund, Per‐Arvid, Bouwhuis, Sandra, Burr, Zofia M., Chastel, Olivier, Christensen‐Dalsgaard, Signe, Descamps, Sebastien, Diamond, Tony, Elliott, Kyle, Erikstad, Kjell‐Einar, Harris, Mike, Hentati‐Sundberg, Jonas, Heubeck, Martin, Kress, Stephen W., Langset, Magdalene, Lorentsen, Svein‐Håkon, Major, Heather L., Mallory, Mark, Mellor, Mick, Miles, Will T.S., Moe, Børge, Mostello, Carolyn, Newell, Mark, Nisbet, Ian, Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin, Rock, Jennifer, Shannon, Paula, Varpe, Øystein, Lewis, Sue, Phillimore, Albert B., Keogan, Katharine, Daunt, Francis, Wanless, Sarah, Phillips, Richard A., Alvarez, David, Anker‐Nilssen, Tycho, Barrett, Robert T., Bech, Claus, Becker, Peter H., Berglund, Per‐Arvid, Bouwhuis, Sandra, Burr, Zofia M., Chastel, Olivier, Christensen‐Dalsgaard, Signe, Descamps, Sebastien, Diamond, Tony, Elliott, Kyle, Erikstad, Kjell‐Einar, Harris, Mike, Hentati‐Sundberg, Jonas, Heubeck, Martin, Kress, Stephen W., Langset, Magdalene, Lorentsen, Svein‐Håkon, Major, Heather L., Mallory, Mark, Mellor, Mick, Miles, Will T.S., Moe, Børge, Mostello, Carolyn, Newell, Mark, Nisbet, Ian, Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin, Rock, Jennifer, Shannon, Paula, Varpe, Øystein, Lewis, Sue, and Phillimore, Albert B.
Abstract: 1. Timing of breeding, an important driver of fitness in many populations, is widely studied in the context of global change, yet despite considerable efforts to identify environmental drivers of seabird nesting phenology, for most populations we lack evidence of strong drivers. Here we adopt an alternative approach, examining the degree to which different populations positively covary in their annual phenology to infer whether phenological responses to environmental drivers are likely to be (i) shared across species at a range of spatial scales, (ii) shared across populations of a species, or (iii) idiosyncratic to populations. 2. We combined 51 long-term datasets on breeding phenology spanning 50 years from nine seabird species across 29 North Atlantic sites and examined the extent to which different populations share early versus late breeding seasons depending on a hierarchy of spatial scales comprising breeding site, small-scale region, large-scale region and the whole North Atlantic. 3. In about a third of cases we found laying dates of populations of different species sharing the same breeding site or small-scale breeding region were positively correlated, which is consistent with the hypothesis that they share phenological responses to the same environmental conditions. In comparison we found no evidence for positive phenological covariation among populations across species aggregated at larger spatial scales. 4. In general we found little evidence for positive phenological covariation between populations of a single species, and in many instances the inter-year variation specific to a population was substantial, consistent with each population responding idiosyncratically to local environmental conditions. Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) was the exception, with populations exhibiting positive covariation in laying dates that decayed with the distance between breeding sites, suggesting that populations may be responding to a similar driver. 5. Our
Published: 2022

7. Foraging range scales with colony size in high-latitude seabirds

Author: Patterson, Allison, Gilchrist, H. Grant, Benjaminsen, Sigurd, Bolton, Mark, Bonnet-Lebrun, Anne-Sophie, Davoren, Gail K., Descamps, Sébastien, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Frederiksen, Morten, Gaston, Anthony J., Gulka, Julia, Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, Huffeldt, Nicholas Per, Johansen, Kasper Lambert, Labansen, Aili Lage, Linnebjerg, Jannie Fries, Love, Oliver P., Mallory, Mark L., Merkel, Flemming Ravn, Montevecchi, William A., Mosbech, Anders, Olsson, Olof, Owen, Ellie, Ratcliffe, Norman, Regular, Paul M., Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Strøm, Hallvard, Thórarinsson, Thorkell Lindberg, Elliott, Kyle H., Patterson, Allison, Gilchrist, H. Grant, Benjaminsen, Sigurd, Bolton, Mark, Bonnet-Lebrun, Anne-Sophie, Davoren, Gail K., Descamps, Sébastien, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Frederiksen, Morten, Gaston, Anthony J., Gulka, Julia, Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, Huffeldt, Nicholas Per, Johansen, Kasper Lambert, Labansen, Aili Lage, Linnebjerg, Jannie Fries, Love, Oliver P., Mallory, Mark L., Merkel, Flemming Ravn, Montevecchi, William A., Mosbech, Anders, Olsson, Olof, Owen, Ellie, Ratcliffe, Norman, Regular, Paul M., Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Strøm, Hallvard, Thórarinsson, Thorkell Lindberg, and Elliott, Kyle H.
Abstract: Density-dependent prey depletion around breeding colonies has long been considered an important factor controlling the population dynamics of colonial animals. Ashmole proposed that as seabird colony size increases, intraspecific competition leads to declines in reproductive success, as breeding adults must spend more time and energy to find prey farther from the colony.1 Seabird colony size often varies over several orders of magnitude within the same species and can include millions of individuals per colony. As such, colony size likely plays an important role in determining the individual behavior of its members and how the colony interacts with the surrounding environment.6 Using tracking data from murres (Uria spp.), the world’s most densely breeding seabirds, we show that the distribution of foraging-trip distances scales to colony size0.33 during the chick-rearing stage, consistent with Ashmole’s halo theory.1,2 This pattern occurred across colonies varying in size over three orders of magnitude and distributed throughout the North Atlantic region. The strong relationship between colony size and foraging range means that the foraging areas of some colonial species can be estimated from colony sizes, which is more practical to measure over a large geographic scale. Two-thirds of the North Atlantic murre population breed at the 16 largest colonies; by extrapolating the predicted foraging ranges to sites without tracking data, we show that only two of these large colonies have significant coverage as marine protected areas. Our results are an important example of how theoretical models, in this case, Ashmole’s version of central-place-foraging theory, can be applied to inform conservation and management in colonial breeding species.
Published: 2022

8. Future monitoring of litter and microplastics in the Arctic – challenges, opportunities and strategies

Author: Provencher, Jennifer, Aliani, Stefano, Bergmann, Melanie, Bourdages, M., Buhl-Mortensen, L., Galgani, François, Goiemero, A., Granberg, Maria, Grøsvik, B.E., Hamilton, B.M., Kögel, T., Larsen, J.R., Lusher, Amy, Mallory, Mark L., Murphy, P., Peeken, Ilka, Primpke, Sebastian, Strand, J., Vorkamp, K., Provencher, Jennifer, Aliani, Stefano, Bergmann, Melanie, Bourdages, M., Buhl-Mortensen, L., Galgani, François, Goiemero, A., Granberg, Maria, Grøsvik, B.E., Hamilton, B.M., Kögel, T., Larsen, J.R., Lusher, Amy, Mallory, Mark L., Murphy, P., Peeken, Ilka, Primpke, Sebastian, Strand, J., and Vorkamp, K.
Abstract: The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) has published a plan and guidelines for the monitoring of litter and microplastics (MP) in the Arctic. Here we look beyond suggestions for immediate monitoring and discuss challenges, opportunities and future strategies in the long-term monitoring of litter and MP in the Arctic. Challenges are related to environmental conditions, lack of harmonization and standardization of measurements, and long-term coordinated and harmonized data storage. Furthermore, major knowledge gaps exist with regard to benchmark levels, transport, sources and effects, which should be considered in future monitoring strategies. Their development could build on the existing infrastructure and networks established in other monitoring initiatives in the Arctic, while taking into account specific requirements for litter and MP monitoring. Knowledge existing in northern and Indigenous communities, as well as their research priorities, should be integrated into collaborative approaches. The monitoring plan for litter and MP in the Arctic allows for an ecosystem-based approach, which will improve the understanding of linkages between environmental media of the Arctic, as well as links to the global problem of litter and MP pollution.
Published: 2022

9. Future monitoring of litter and microplastics in the Arctic – challenges, opportunities and strategies

Author: Provencher, Jennifer F., Aliani, Stefano, Bergmann, Melanie, Bourdages, M, Buhl-Mortensen, L., Galgani, François, Gomiero, Alessio, Granberg, Maria, Grøsvik, B.E., Hamilton, B.M., Kögel, T., Larsen, J.R., Lusher, Amy, Mallory, Mark L., Murphy, P., Peeken, Ilka, Primpke, Sebastian, Strand, Jakob, Vorkamp, K., Provencher, Jennifer F., Aliani, Stefano, Bergmann, Melanie, Bourdages, M, Buhl-Mortensen, L., Galgani, François, Gomiero, Alessio, Granberg, Maria, Grøsvik, B.E., Hamilton, B.M., Kögel, T., Larsen, J.R., Lusher, Amy, Mallory, Mark L., Murphy, P., Peeken, Ilka, Primpke, Sebastian, Strand, Jakob, and Vorkamp, K.
Abstract: The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) has published a plan and guidelines for the monitoring of litter and microplastics (MP) in the Arctic. Here we look beyond suggestions for immediate monitoring and discuss challenges, opportunities and future strategies in the long-term monitoring of litter and MP in the Arctic. Challenges are related to environmental conditions, lack of harmonization and standardization of measurements, and long-term coordinated and harmonized data storage. Furthermore, major knowledge gaps exist with regard to benchmark levels, transport, sources and effects, which should be considered in future monitoring strategies. Their development could build on the existing infrastructure and networks established in other monitoring initiatives in the Arctic, while taking into account specific requirements for litter and MP monitoring. Knowledge existing in northern and Indigenous communities, as well as their research priorities, should be integrated into collaborative approaches. The monitoring plan for litter and MP in the Arctic allows for an ecosystem-based approach, which will improve the understanding of linkages between environmental media of the Arctic, as well as links to the global problem of litter and MP pollution.
Published: 2022

10. Foraging range scales with colony size in high-latitude seabirds

Author: Patterson, Allison, Gilchrist, H. Grant, Benjaminsen, Sigurd, Bolton, Mark, Bonnet-Lebrun, Anne Sophie, Davoren, Gail K., Descamps, Sébastien, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Frederiksen, Morten, Gaston, Anthony J., Gulka, Julia, Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, Huffeldt, Nicholas Per, Johansen, Kasper Lambert, Labansen, Aili Lage, Linnebjerg, Jannie Fries, Love, Oliver P., Mallory, Mark L., Merkel, Flemming Ravn, Montevecchi, William A., Mosbech, Anders, Olsson, Olof, Owen, Ellie, Ratcliffe, Norman, Regular, Paul M., Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Strøm, Hallvard, Lindberg Thórarinsson, Thorkell, Elliott, Kyle H., Patterson, Allison, Gilchrist, H. Grant, Benjaminsen, Sigurd, Bolton, Mark, Bonnet-Lebrun, Anne Sophie, Davoren, Gail K., Descamps, Sébastien, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Frederiksen, Morten, Gaston, Anthony J., Gulka, Julia, Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, Huffeldt, Nicholas Per, Johansen, Kasper Lambert, Labansen, Aili Lage, Linnebjerg, Jannie Fries, Love, Oliver P., Mallory, Mark L., Merkel, Flemming Ravn, Montevecchi, William A., Mosbech, Anders, Olsson, Olof, Owen, Ellie, Ratcliffe, Norman, Regular, Paul M., Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Strøm, Hallvard, Lindberg Thórarinsson, Thorkell, and Elliott, Kyle H.
Abstract: Density-dependent prey depletion around breeding colonies has long been considered an important factor controlling the population dynamics of colonial animals.1, 2, 3, 4 Ashmole proposed that as seabird colony size increases, intraspecific competition leads to declines in reproductive success, as breeding adults must spend more time and energy to find prey farther from the colony.1 Seabird colony size often varies over several orders of magnitude within the same species and can include millions of individuals per colony.5,6 As such, colony size likely plays an important role in determining the individual behavior of its members and how the colony interacts with the surrounding environment.6 Using tracking data from murres (Uria spp.), the world’s most densely breeding seabirds, we show that the distribution of foraging-trip distances scales to colony size0.33 during the chick-rearing stage, consistent with Ashmole’s halo theory.1,2 This pattern occurred across colonies varying in size over three orders of magnitude and distributed throughout the North Atlantic region. The strong relationship between colony size and foraging range means that the foraging areas of some colonial species can be estimated from colony sizes, which is more practical to measure over a large geographic scale. Two-thirds of the North Atlantic murre population breed at the 16 largest colonies; by extrapolating the predicted foraging ranges to sites without tracking data, we show that only two of these large colonies have significant coverage as marine protected areas. Our results are an important example of how theoretical models, in this case, Ashmole’s version of central-place-foraging theory, can be applied to inform conservation and management in colonial breeding species.
Published: 2022
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11. Future monitoring of litter and microplastics in the Arctic – challenges, opportunities and strategies

Author: Provencher, Jennifer, Aliani, Stefano, Bergmann, Melanie, Bourdages, M, Buhl-Mortensen, L, Galgani, François, Goiemero, A, Granberg, Maria, Grøsvik, BE, Hamilton, BM, Kögel, T, Larsen, JR, Lusher, Amy, Mallory, Mark L, Murphy, P, Peeken, Ilka, Primpke, Sebastian, Strand, J, Vorkamp, K, Provencher, Jennifer, Aliani, Stefano, Bergmann, Melanie, Bourdages, M, Buhl-Mortensen, L, Galgani, François, Goiemero, A, Granberg, Maria, Grøsvik, BE, Hamilton, BM, Kögel, T, Larsen, JR, Lusher, Amy, Mallory, Mark L, Murphy, P, Peeken, Ilka, Primpke, Sebastian, Strand, J, and Vorkamp, K
Abstract: The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) has published a plan and guidelines for the monitoring of litter and microplastics (MP) in the Arctic. Here we look beyond suggestions for immediate monitoring and discuss challenges, opportunities and future strategies in the long-term monitoring of litter and MP in the Arctic. Challenges are related to environmental conditions, lack of harmonization and standardization of measurements, and long-term coordinated and harmonized data storage. Furthermore, major knowledge gaps exist with regard to benchmark levels, transport, sources and effects, which should be considered in future monitoring strategies. Their development could build on the existing infrastructure and networks established in other monitoring initiatives in the Arctic, while taking into account specific requirements for litter and MP monitoring. Knowledge existing in northern and Indigenous communities, as well as their research priorities, should be integrated into collaborative approaches. The monitoring plan for litter and MP in the Arctic allows for an ecosystem-based approach, which will improve the understanding of linkages between environmental media of the Arctic, as well as links to the global problem of litter and MP pollution.
Published: 2022

12. Shorebirds ingest plastics too: What we know, what we don’t know, and what we should do next

Author: Flemming, Scott, Lanctot, Richard B., Price, Courtney, Mallory, Mark L., Kühn, Susanne, Drever, Mark C., Barry, Tom, Provencher, Jennifer F., Flemming, Scott, Lanctot, Richard B., Price, Courtney, Mallory, Mark L., Kühn, Susanne, Drever, Mark C., Barry, Tom, and Provencher, Jennifer F.
Abstract: Concerns about the impact of plastics pollution on the environment have been growing since the 1970s. Marine debris has reportedly entangled and/or been ingested by 914 marine species ranging from microinvertebrates to large marine mammals. Shorebirds could have a high potential to be exposed to and ingest plastics pollution, as many species migrate long distances and periodically concentrate around shorelines, coastal areas, and estuaries that can have elevated levels of plastics pollution. Currently, little is understood about plastics exposure, frequency of occurrence, and potential impacts relating to shorebirds. In this study, we catalogued and reviewed available studies across the globe that examined plastics pollution in shorebirds. We then quantified relevant traits of species and their environments to explore how shorebirds may be exposed to plastics pollution. Of 1106 samples from 26 shorebird species described within 16 studies that examined plastics ingestion, 53% of individuals contained some form of plastics pollution. Overall, Haematopodidae (oystercatchers) had the highest frequency of occurrence (FO) of plastics, followed by Recurvirostridae (avocets), Scolopacidae (sandpipers, phalaropes, godwits, curlews), and Charadriidae (plovers). Plastics FO was much greater among species that migrated across marine areas (either oceanic or coastal) than those species that used continental flyways. Species that foraged at sea, on mudflats, or on beaches, had higher average FO of plastics ingestion than species than foraged in upland, or freshwater environments. Finally, species that used a sweeping foraging mode showed higher levels of ingested plastics and contained a far greater number of plastic pieces than all other techniques. These conclusions are based on a limited number of species and samples, with the distribution of samples skewed taxonomically and geographically. Using the combined knowledge of known shorebirds-plastics interactions and shorebird e
Published: 2022

13. Foraging range scales with colony size in high-latitude seabirds

Author: Patterson, Allison, Gilchrist, H. Grant, Benjaminsen, Sigurd, Bolton, Mark, Bonnet-Lebrun, Anne-Sophie, Davoren, Gail K., Descamps, Sébastien, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Frederiksen, Morten, Gaston, Anthony J., Gulka, Julia, Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, Huffeldt, Nicholas Per, Johansen, Kasper Lambert, Labansen, Aili Lage, Linnebjerg, Jannie Fries, Love, Oliver P., Mallory, Mark L., Merkel, Flemming Ravn, Montevecchi, William A., Mosbech, Anders, Olsson, Olof, Owen, Ellie, Ratcliffe, Norman, Regular, Paul M., Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Strøm, Hallvard, Thórarinsson, Thorkell Lindberg, Elliott, Kyle H., Patterson, Allison, Gilchrist, H. Grant, Benjaminsen, Sigurd, Bolton, Mark, Bonnet-Lebrun, Anne-Sophie, Davoren, Gail K., Descamps, Sébastien, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Frederiksen, Morten, Gaston, Anthony J., Gulka, Julia, Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, Huffeldt, Nicholas Per, Johansen, Kasper Lambert, Labansen, Aili Lage, Linnebjerg, Jannie Fries, Love, Oliver P., Mallory, Mark L., Merkel, Flemming Ravn, Montevecchi, William A., Mosbech, Anders, Olsson, Olof, Owen, Ellie, Ratcliffe, Norman, Regular, Paul M., Reiertsen, Tone Kristin, Ropert-Coudert, Yan, Strøm, Hallvard, Thórarinsson, Thorkell Lindberg, and Elliott, Kyle H.
Abstract: Density-dependent prey depletion around breeding colonies has long been considered an important factor controlling the population dynamics of colonial animals. Ashmole proposed that as seabird colony size increases, intraspecific competition leads to declines in reproductive success, as breeding adults must spend more time and energy to find prey farther from the colony.1 Seabird colony size often varies over several orders of magnitude within the same species and can include millions of individuals per colony. As such, colony size likely plays an important role in determining the individual behavior of its members and how the colony interacts with the surrounding environment.6 Using tracking data from murres (Uria spp.), the world’s most densely breeding seabirds, we show that the distribution of foraging-trip distances scales to colony size0.33 during the chick-rearing stage, consistent with Ashmole’s halo theory.1,2 This pattern occurred across colonies varying in size over three orders of magnitude and distributed throughout the North Atlantic region. The strong relationship between colony size and foraging range means that the foraging areas of some colonial species can be estimated from colony sizes, which is more practical to measure over a large geographic scale. Two-thirds of the North Atlantic murre population breed at the 16 largest colonies; by extrapolating the predicted foraging ranges to sites without tracking data, we show that only two of these large colonies have significant coverage as marine protected areas. Our results are an important example of how theoretical models, in this case, Ashmole’s version of central-place-foraging theory, can be applied to inform conservation and management in colonial breeding species.
Published: 2022

14. Variation and correlation in the timing of breeding of North Atlantic seabirds across multiple scales

Author: Keogan, Katharine, Daunt, Francis, Wanless, Sarah, Phillips, Richard A., Alvarez, David, Anker‐Nilssen, Tycho, Barrett, Robert T., Bech, Claus, Becker, Peter H., Berglund, Per‐Arvid, Bouwhuis, Sandra, Burr, Zofia M., Chastel, Olivier, Christensen‐Dalsgaard, Signe, Descamps, Sebastien, Diamond, Tony, Elliott, Kyle, Erikstad, Kjell‐Einar, Harris, Mike, Hentati‐Sundberg, Jonas, Heubeck, Martin, Kress, Stephen W., Langset, Magdalene, Lorentsen, Svein‐Håkon, Major, Heather L., Mallory, Mark, Mellor, Mick, Miles, Will T.S., Moe, Børge, Mostello, Carolyn, Newell, Mark, Nisbet, Ian, Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin, Rock, Jennifer, Shannon, Paula, Varpe, Øystein, Lewis, Sue, Phillimore, Albert B., Keogan, Katharine, Daunt, Francis, Wanless, Sarah, Phillips, Richard A., Alvarez, David, Anker‐Nilssen, Tycho, Barrett, Robert T., Bech, Claus, Becker, Peter H., Berglund, Per‐Arvid, Bouwhuis, Sandra, Burr, Zofia M., Chastel, Olivier, Christensen‐Dalsgaard, Signe, Descamps, Sebastien, Diamond, Tony, Elliott, Kyle, Erikstad, Kjell‐Einar, Harris, Mike, Hentati‐Sundberg, Jonas, Heubeck, Martin, Kress, Stephen W., Langset, Magdalene, Lorentsen, Svein‐Håkon, Major, Heather L., Mallory, Mark, Mellor, Mick, Miles, Will T.S., Moe, Børge, Mostello, Carolyn, Newell, Mark, Nisbet, Ian, Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin, Rock, Jennifer, Shannon, Paula, Varpe, Øystein, Lewis, Sue, and Phillimore, Albert B.
Abstract: 1. Timing of breeding, an important driver of fitness in many populations, is widely studied in the context of global change, yet despite considerable efforts to identify environmental drivers of seabird nesting phenology, for most populations we lack evidence of strong drivers. Here we adopt an alternative approach, examining the degree to which different populations positively covary in their annual phenology to infer whether phenological responses to environmental drivers are likely to be (i) shared across species at a range of spatial scales, (ii) shared across populations of a species, or (iii) idiosyncratic to populations. 2. We combined 51 long-term datasets on breeding phenology spanning 50 years from nine seabird species across 29 North Atlantic sites and examined the extent to which different populations share early versus late breeding seasons depending on a hierarchy of spatial scales comprising breeding site, small-scale region, large-scale region and the whole North Atlantic. 3. In about a third of cases we found laying dates of populations of different species sharing the same breeding site or small-scale breeding region were positively correlated, which is consistent with the hypothesis that they share phenological responses to the same environmental conditions. In comparison we found no evidence for positive phenological covariation among populations across species aggregated at larger spatial scales. 4. In general we found little evidence for positive phenological covariation between populations of a single species, and in many instances the inter-year variation specific to a population was substantial, consistent with each population responding idiosyncratically to local environmental conditions. Black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) was the exception, with populations exhibiting positive covariation in laying dates that decayed with the distance between breeding sites, suggesting that populations may be responding to a similar driver. 5. Our
Published: 2022

15. AMAP Litter and Microplastics Monitoring Guidelines. Version 1.0. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme

Author: Farmen, Eivind, Provencher, Jennifer, Aliani, Stefano, Baak, Julia, Bergmann, Melanie, Booth, A.M., Bourdages, M.P.T., Buhl-Mortensen, L., Feld, L., Gabrielsen, G. W., Galgani, François, Gerdts, Gunnar, Gomiero, Alessio, Granberg, Maria, Guls, Hermann Dreki, Hallanger, Ingeborg G., Halldorsson, H.P., Hamilton, B., Hammer, S., Herzke, Dorte, Huserbråten, M., Jantunen, L.M., Kögel, T., Liboiron, Max, Linnebjerg, J.F., Lusher, Amy, Magnusson, K., Mallory, Mark L., Merkel, F.R., Murphy, P., Orihel, D., Peeken, Ilka, Pijogge, L., Primpke, Sebastian, Rochman, Chelsea M., Strand, J., Scholz-Böttcher, Barbara M., Vermaire, J.C., Vorkamp, K., Larsen, J.R., Hurley, R., Farmen, Eivind, Provencher, Jennifer, Aliani, Stefano, Baak, Julia, Bergmann, Melanie, Booth, A.M., Bourdages, M.P.T., Buhl-Mortensen, L., Feld, L., Gabrielsen, G. W., Galgani, François, Gerdts, Gunnar, Gomiero, Alessio, Granberg, Maria, Guls, Hermann Dreki, Hallanger, Ingeborg G., Halldorsson, H.P., Hamilton, B., Hammer, S., Herzke, Dorte, Huserbråten, M., Jantunen, L.M., Kögel, T., Liboiron, Max, Linnebjerg, J.F., Lusher, Amy, Magnusson, K., Mallory, Mark L., Merkel, F.R., Murphy, P., Orihel, D., Peeken, Ilka, Pijogge, L., Primpke, Sebastian, Rochman, Chelsea M., Strand, J., Scholz-Böttcher, Barbara M., Vermaire, J.C., Vorkamp, K., Larsen, J.R., and Hurley, R.
Abstract: The purpose of the guidelines is to review existing knowledge and provide guidance for designing an Arctic monitoring program that will track litter and MP. The topics of litter, plastic pollution, and MP are addressed in many fora, including several of the Arctic Council working groups: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP; https://www.amap.no/documents/doc/amap-assessment-2016-chemicals-of-emerging-arctic-concern/1624), Protection of the Marine Environment (PAME, 2019), and Conservation of the Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF). The development of an Arctic monitoring program and its technical approaches will be based on the work that already exists in other programs such as those of OSPAR, the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM), the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Plastic pollution is typically categorized into items and particles of macro-, micro-, and nano-sizes. These guidelines address macrosized litter as well as MP (< 5 mm), essentially including smaller size ranges (>1 µm). However, determination of nanoplastic (< 1 µm) particles is still hampered by technical challenges, as addressed in Section 4.3 Analytical methods, and thus not currently considered in the current recommendations. Although most studies have addressed marine litter and MP, these guidelines also comprise the Arctic’s terrestrial and freshwater environments. Thus, the objectives of the guidelines are to: 1) support litter and MP baseline mapping in the Arctic across a wide range of environmental compartments to allow spatial and temporal comparisons in the coming years; 2) initiate monitoring to generate data to assess temporal and spatial trends; 3) recommend that Arctic countries develop and implement monitoring nationally via community-based programs and other mechanisms, in the context of a pan-Arctic program; 4) provide data that can be
Published: 2021

16. North Atlantic winter cyclones starve seabirds

Author: Clairbaux, Manon, Mathewson, Paul, Porter, Warren, Fort, Jérôme, Strøm, Hallvard, Moe, Børge, Fauchald, Per, Descamps, Sebastien, Helgason, Hálfdán H., Bråthen, Vegard S., Merkel, Benjamin, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Bringsvor, Ingar S., Chastel, Olivier, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Daunt, Francis, Dehnhard, Nina, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Ezhov, Alexey, Gavrilo, Maria, Krasnov, Yuri, Langset, Magdalene, Lorentsen, Svein-H., Newell, Mark, Olsen, Bergur, Reiertsen, Tone K., Systad, Geir Helge, Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., Baran, Mark, Diamond, Tony, Fayet, Annette L., Fitzsimmons, Michelle G., Frederiksen, Morten, Gilchrist, Hugh G., Guilford, Tim, Huffeldt, Nicholas P., Jessopp, Mark, Johansen, Kasper L., Kouwenberg, Amy-Lee, Linnebjerg, Jannie F., Major, Heather L., Tranquilla, Laura McFarlane, Mallory, Mark, Merkel, Flemming R., Montevecchi, William, Mosbech, Anders, Petersen, Aevar, Grémillet, David, Clairbaux, Manon, Mathewson, Paul, Porter, Warren, Fort, Jérôme, Strøm, Hallvard, Moe, Børge, Fauchald, Per, Descamps, Sebastien, Helgason, Hálfdán H., Bråthen, Vegard S., Merkel, Benjamin, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Bringsvor, Ingar S., Chastel, Olivier, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Daunt, Francis, Dehnhard, Nina, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Ezhov, Alexey, Gavrilo, Maria, Krasnov, Yuri, Langset, Magdalene, Lorentsen, Svein-H., Newell, Mark, Olsen, Bergur, Reiertsen, Tone K., Systad, Geir Helge, Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., Baran, Mark, Diamond, Tony, Fayet, Annette L., Fitzsimmons, Michelle G., Frederiksen, Morten, Gilchrist, Hugh G., Guilford, Tim, Huffeldt, Nicholas P., Jessopp, Mark, Johansen, Kasper L., Kouwenberg, Amy-Lee, Linnebjerg, Jannie F., Major, Heather L., Tranquilla, Laura McFarlane, Mallory, Mark, Merkel, Flemming R., Montevecchi, William, Mosbech, Anders, Petersen, Aevar, and Grémillet, David
Abstract: Each winter, the North Atlantic Ocean is the stage for numerous cyclones, the most severe ones leading to seabird mass-mortality events called “winter wrecks.” During these, thousands of emaciated seabird carcasses are washed ashore along European and North American coasts. Winter cyclones can therefore shape seabird population dynamics by affecting survival rates as well as the body condition of surviving individuals and thus their future reproduction. However, most often the geographic origins of impacted seabirds and the causes of their deaths remain unclear. We performed the first ocean-basin scale assessment of cyclone exposure in a seabird community by coupling winter tracking data for ∼1,500 individuals of five key North Atlantic seabird species (Alle alle, Fratercula arctica, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia, and Rissa tridactyla) and cyclone locations. We then explored the energetic consequences of different cyclonic conditions using a mechanistic bioenergetics model and tested the hypothesis that cyclones dramatically increase seabird energy requirements. We demonstrated that cyclones of high intensity impacted birds from all studied species and breeding colonies during winter but especially those aggregating in the Labrador Sea, the Davis Strait, the surroundings of Iceland, and the Barents Sea. Our broad-scale analyses suggested that cyclonic conditions do not increase seabird energy requirements, implying that they die because of the unavailability of their prey and/or their inability to feed during cyclones. Our study provides essential information on seabird cyclone exposure in a context of marked cyclone regime changes due to global warming.
Published: 2021

17. Complex population structure of the Atlantic puffin revealed by whole genome analyses

Author: Kersten, Oliver, Star, Bastiaan, Leigh, Deborah M., Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Strøm, Hallvard, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Descamps, Sébastien, Erikstad, Kjell E., Fitzsimmons, Michelle G., Fort, Jérôme, Hansen, Erpur S., Harris, Mike P., Irestedt, Martin, Kleven, Oddmund, Mallory, Mark L., Jakobsen, Kjetill S., Boessenkool, Sanne, Kersten, Oliver, Star, Bastiaan, Leigh, Deborah M., Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Strøm, Hallvard, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Descamps, Sébastien, Erikstad, Kjell E., Fitzsimmons, Michelle G., Fort, Jérôme, Hansen, Erpur S., Harris, Mike P., Irestedt, Martin, Kleven, Oddmund, Mallory, Mark L., Jakobsen, Kjetill S., and Boessenkool, Sanne
Abstract: The factors underlying gene flow and genomic population structure in vagile seabirds are notoriously difficult to understand due to their complex ecology with diverse dispersal barriers and extensive periods at sea. Yet, such understanding is vital for conservation management of seabirds that are globally declining at alarming rates. Here, we elucidate the population structure of the Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) by assembling its reference genome and analyzing genome-wide resequencing data of 72 individuals from 12 colonies. We identify four large, genetically distinct clusters, observe isolation-by-distance between colonies within these clusters, and obtain evidence for a secondary contact zone. These observations disagree with the current taxonomy, and show that a complex set of contemporary biotic factors impede gene flow over different spatial scales. Our results highlight the power of whole genome data to reveal unexpected population structure in vagile marine seabirds and its value for seabird taxonomy, evolution and conservation.
Published: 2021

18. Multispecies tracking reveals a major seabird hotspot in the North Atlantic

Author: Davies, Tammy E., Carneiro, Ana P.B., Tarzia, Marguerite, Wakefield, Ewan, Hennicke, Janos C., Frederiksen, Morten, Hansen, Erpur Snær, Campos, Bruna, Hazin, Carolina, Lascelles, Ben, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Arnardóttir, Hólmfríður, Biscoito, Manuel, Bollache, Loïc, Boulinier, Thierry, Catry, Paulo, Ceia, Filipe R., Chastel, Olivier, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Cruz-Flores, Marta, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Daunt, Francis, Dunn, Euan, Egevang, Carsten, Fagundes, Ana Isabel, Fayet, Annette L., Fort, Jérôme, Furness, Robert W., Gilg, Olivier, González-Solís, Jacob, Granadeiro, José Pedro, Grémillet, David, Guilford, Tim, Hanssen, Sveinn Are, Harris, Michael P., Hedd, April, Huffeldt, Nicholas Per, Jessopp, Mark, Kolbeinsson, Yann, Krietsch, Johannes, Lang, Johannes, Linnebjerg, Jannie Fries, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Madeiros, Jeremy, Magnusdottir, Ellen, Mallory, Mark L., McFarlane Tranquilla, Laura, Merkel, Flemming R., Militão, Teresa, Moe, Børge, Montevecchi, William A., Morera-Pujol, Virginia, Mosbech, Anders, Neves, Verónica, Newell, Mark A., Olsen, Berger, Paiva, Vitor H., Peter, Hans-Ulrich, Petersen, Aevar, Phillips, Richard A., Ramírez, Iván, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raül, Ronconi, Robert A., Ryan, Peter G., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Sigurðsson, Ingvar A., Sittler, Benoît, Steen, Harald, Stenhouse, Iain J., Strøm, Hallvard, Systad, Geir H.R., Thompson, Paul, Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., van Bemmelen, Rob S.A., Wanless, Sarah, Zino, Francis, Dias, Maria P., Davies, Tammy E., Carneiro, Ana P.B., Tarzia, Marguerite, Wakefield, Ewan, Hennicke, Janos C., Frederiksen, Morten, Hansen, Erpur Snær, Campos, Bruna, Hazin, Carolina, Lascelles, Ben, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Arnardóttir, Hólmfríður, Biscoito, Manuel, Bollache, Loïc, Boulinier, Thierry, Catry, Paulo, Ceia, Filipe R., Chastel, Olivier, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Cruz-Flores, Marta, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Daunt, Francis, Dunn, Euan, Egevang, Carsten, Fagundes, Ana Isabel, Fayet, Annette L., Fort, Jérôme, Furness, Robert W., Gilg, Olivier, González-Solís, Jacob, Granadeiro, José Pedro, Grémillet, David, Guilford, Tim, Hanssen, Sveinn Are, Harris, Michael P., Hedd, April, Huffeldt, Nicholas Per, Jessopp, Mark, Kolbeinsson, Yann, Krietsch, Johannes, Lang, Johannes, Linnebjerg, Jannie Fries, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Madeiros, Jeremy, Magnusdottir, Ellen, Mallory, Mark L., McFarlane Tranquilla, Laura, Merkel, Flemming R., Militão, Teresa, Moe, Børge, Montevecchi, William A., Morera-Pujol, Virginia, Mosbech, Anders, Neves, Verónica, Newell, Mark A., Olsen, Berger, Paiva, Vitor H., Peter, Hans-Ulrich, Petersen, Aevar, Phillips, Richard A., Ramírez, Iván, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raül, Ronconi, Robert A., Ryan, Peter G., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Sigurðsson, Ingvar A., Sittler, Benoît, Steen, Harald, Stenhouse, Iain J., Strøm, Hallvard, Systad, Geir H.R., Thompson, Paul, Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., van Bemmelen, Rob S.A., Wanless, Sarah, Zino, Francis, and Dias, Maria P.
Abstract: The conservation of migratory marine species, including pelagic seabirds, is challenging because their movements span vast distances frequently beyond national jurisdictions. Here, we aim to identify important aggregations of seabirds in the North Atlantic to inform ongoing regional conservation efforts. Using tracking, phenology, and population data, we mapped the abundance and diversity of 21 seabird species. This revealed a major hotspot associated with a discrete area of the subpolar frontal zone, used annually by 2.9–5 million seabirds from ≥56 colonies in the Atlantic: the first time this magnitude of seabird concentrations has been documented in the high seas. The hotspot is temporally stable and amenable to site-based conservation and is under consideration as a marine protected area by the OSPAR Commission. Protection could help mitigate current and future threats facing species in the area. Overall, our approach provides an exemplar data-driven pathway for future conservation efforts on the high seas.
Published: 2021

19. Meeting Paris agreement objectives will temper seabird winter distribution shifts in the North Atlantic Ocean

Author: Clairbaux, Manon, Cheung, William W.L., Mathewson, Paul, Porter, Warren, Courbin, Nicolas, Fort, Jérôme, Strøm, Hallvard, Moe, Børge, Fauchald, Per, Descamps, Sebastien, Helgason, Hálfdán, Bråthen, Vegard S., Merkel, Benjamin, Anker‐Nilssen, Tycho, Bringsvor, Ingar S., Chastel, Olivier, Christensen‐Dalsgaard, Signe, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Daunt, Francis, Dehnhard, Nina, Erikstad, Kjell-Einar, Ezhov, Alexeï, Gavrilo, Maria, Krasnov, Yuri, Langset, Magdalene, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Newell, Mark, Olsen, Bergur, Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin, Systad, Geir, Þórarinsson, Þorkell L., Baran, Mark, Diamond, Tony, Fayet, Annette L., Fitzsimmons, Michelle G., Frederiksen, Morten, Gilchrist, Grant H., Guilford, Tim, Huffeldt, Nicholas P., Jessopp, Mark, Johansen, Kasper L., Kouwenberg, Amy L., Linnebjerg, Jannie F., McFarlane Tranquilla, Laura, Mallory, Mark, Merkel, Flemming R., Montevecchi, William, Mosbech, Anders, Petersen, Aevar, Grémillet, David, Clairbaux, Manon, Cheung, William W.L., Mathewson, Paul, Porter, Warren, Courbin, Nicolas, Fort, Jérôme, Strøm, Hallvard, Moe, Børge, Fauchald, Per, Descamps, Sebastien, Helgason, Hálfdán, Bråthen, Vegard S., Merkel, Benjamin, Anker‐Nilssen, Tycho, Bringsvor, Ingar S., Chastel, Olivier, Christensen‐Dalsgaard, Signe, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Daunt, Francis, Dehnhard, Nina, Erikstad, Kjell-Einar, Ezhov, Alexeï, Gavrilo, Maria, Krasnov, Yuri, Langset, Magdalene, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Newell, Mark, Olsen, Bergur, Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin, Systad, Geir, Þórarinsson, Þorkell L., Baran, Mark, Diamond, Tony, Fayet, Annette L., Fitzsimmons, Michelle G., Frederiksen, Morten, Gilchrist, Grant H., Guilford, Tim, Huffeldt, Nicholas P., Jessopp, Mark, Johansen, Kasper L., Kouwenberg, Amy L., Linnebjerg, Jannie F., McFarlane Tranquilla, Laura, Mallory, Mark, Merkel, Flemming R., Montevecchi, William, Mosbech, Anders, Petersen, Aevar, and Grémillet, David
Abstract: We explored the implications of reaching the Paris Agreement Objective of limiting global warming to <2°C for the future winter distribution of the North Atlantic seabird community. We predicted and quantified current and future winter habitats of five North Atlantic Ocean seabird species (Alle alle, Fratercula arctica, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia and Rissa tridactyla) using tracking data for ~1500 individuals through resource selection functions based on mechanistic modeling of seabird energy requirements, and a dynamic bioclimate envelope model of seabird prey. Future winter distributions were predicted to shift with climate change, especially when global warming exceed 2°C under a “no mitigation” scenario, modifying seabird wintering hotspots in the North Atlantic Ocean. Our findings suggest that meeting Paris agreement objectives will limit changes in seabird selected habitat location and size in the North Atlantic Ocean during the 21st century. We thereby provide key information for the design of adaptive marine‐protected areas in a changing ocean.
Published: 2021

20. AMAP Litter and Microplastics Monitoring Guidelines. Version 1.0. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme

Author: Farmen, Eivind, Provencher, Jennifer, Aliani, Stefano, Baak, Julia, Bergmann, Melanie, Booth, A.M., Bourdages, M.P.T., Buhl-Mortensen, L., Feld, L., Gabrielsen, G. W., Galgani, François, Gerdts, Gunnar, Gomiero, Alessio, Granberg, Maria, Guls, Hermann Dreki, Hallanger, Ingeborg G., Halldorsson, H.P., Hamilton, B., Hammer, S., Herzke, Dorte, Huserbråten, M., Jantunen, L.M., Kögel, T., Liboiron, Max, Linnebjerg, J.F., Lusher, Amy, Magnusson, K., Mallory, Mark L., Merkel, F.R., Murphy, P., Orihel, D., Peeken, Ilka, Pijogge, L., Primpke, Sebastian, Rochman, Chelsea M., Strand, J., Scholz-Böttcher, Barbara M., Vermaire, J.C., Vorkamp, K., Larsen, J.R., Hurley, R., Farmen, Eivind, Provencher, Jennifer, Aliani, Stefano, Baak, Julia, Bergmann, Melanie, Booth, A.M., Bourdages, M.P.T., Buhl-Mortensen, L., Feld, L., Gabrielsen, G. W., Galgani, François, Gerdts, Gunnar, Gomiero, Alessio, Granberg, Maria, Guls, Hermann Dreki, Hallanger, Ingeborg G., Halldorsson, H.P., Hamilton, B., Hammer, S., Herzke, Dorte, Huserbråten, M., Jantunen, L.M., Kögel, T., Liboiron, Max, Linnebjerg, J.F., Lusher, Amy, Magnusson, K., Mallory, Mark L., Merkel, F.R., Murphy, P., Orihel, D., Peeken, Ilka, Pijogge, L., Primpke, Sebastian, Rochman, Chelsea M., Strand, J., Scholz-Böttcher, Barbara M., Vermaire, J.C., Vorkamp, K., Larsen, J.R., and Hurley, R.
Abstract: The purpose of the guidelines is to review existing knowledge and provide guidance for designing an Arctic monitoring program that will track litter and MP. The topics of litter, plastic pollution, and MP are addressed in many fora, including several of the Arctic Council working groups: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP; https://www.amap.no/documents/doc/amap-assessment-2016-chemicals-of-emerging-arctic-concern/1624), Protection of the Marine Environment (PAME, 2019), and Conservation of the Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF). The development of an Arctic monitoring program and its technical approaches will be based on the work that already exists in other programs such as those of OSPAR, the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM), the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Plastic pollution is typically categorized into items and particles of macro-, micro-, and nano-sizes. These guidelines address macrosized litter as well as MP (< 5 mm), essentially including smaller size ranges (>1 µm). However, determination of nanoplastic (< 1 µm) particles is still hampered by technical challenges, as addressed in Section 4.3 Analytical methods, and thus not currently considered in the current recommendations. Although most studies have addressed marine litter and MP, these guidelines also comprise the Arctic’s terrestrial and freshwater environments. Thus, the objectives of the guidelines are to: 1) support litter and MP baseline mapping in the Arctic across a wide range of environmental compartments to allow spatial and temporal comparisons in the coming years; 2) initiate monitoring to generate data to assess temporal and spatial trends; 3) recommend that Arctic countries develop and implement monitoring nationally via community-based programs and other mechanisms, in the context of a pan-Arctic program; 4) provide data that can be
Published: 2021

21. Complex population structure of the Atlantic puffin revealed by whole genome analyses

Author: Kersten, Oliver, Star, Bastiaan, Leigh, Deborah M., Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Strøm, Hallvard, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Descamps, Sébastien, Erikstad, Kjell E., Fitzsimmons, Michelle G., Fort, Jérôme, Hansen, Erpur S., Harris, Mike P., Irestedt, Martin, Kleven, Oddmund, Mallory, Mark L., Jakobsen, Kjetill S., Boessenkool, Sanne, Kersten, Oliver, Star, Bastiaan, Leigh, Deborah M., Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Strøm, Hallvard, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Descamps, Sébastien, Erikstad, Kjell E., Fitzsimmons, Michelle G., Fort, Jérôme, Hansen, Erpur S., Harris, Mike P., Irestedt, Martin, Kleven, Oddmund, Mallory, Mark L., Jakobsen, Kjetill S., and Boessenkool, Sanne
Abstract: The factors underlying gene flow and genomic population structure in vagile seabirds are notoriously difficult to understand due to their complex ecology with diverse dispersal barriers and extensive periods at sea. Yet, such understanding is vital for conservation management of seabirds that are globally declining at alarming rates. Here, we elucidate the population structure of the Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) by assembling its reference genome and analyzing genome-wide resequencing data of 72 individuals from 12 colonies. We identify four large, genetically distinct clusters, observe isolation-by-distance between colonies within these clusters, and obtain evidence for a secondary contact zone. These observations disagree with the current taxonomy, and show that a complex set of contemporary biotic factors impede gene flow over different spatial scales. Our results highlight the power of whole genome data to reveal unexpected population structure in vagile marine seabirds and its value for seabird taxonomy, evolution and conservation.
Published: 2021

22. North Atlantic winter cyclones starve seabirds

Author: Clairbaux, Manon, Mathewson, Paul, Porter, Warren, Fort, Jérôme, Strøm, Hallvard, Moe, Børge, Fauchald, Per, Descamps, Sebastien, Helgason, Hálfdán H., Bråthen, Vegard S., Merkel, Benjamin, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Bringsvor, Ingar S., Chastel, Olivier, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Daunt, Francis, Dehnhard, Nina, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Ezhov, Alexey, Gavrilo, Maria, Krasnov, Yuri, Langset, Magdalene, Lorentsen, Svein-H., Newell, Mark, Olsen, Bergur, Reiertsen, Tone K., Systad, Geir Helge, Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., Baran, Mark, Diamond, Tony, Fayet, Annette L., Fitzsimmons, Michelle G., Frederiksen, Morten, Gilchrist, Hugh G., Guilford, Tim, Huffeldt, Nicholas P., Jessopp, Mark, Johansen, Kasper L., Kouwenberg, Amy-Lee, Linnebjerg, Jannie F., Major, Heather L., Tranquilla, Laura McFarlane, Mallory, Mark, Merkel, Flemming R., Montevecchi, William, Mosbech, Anders, Petersen, Aevar, Grémillet, David, Clairbaux, Manon, Mathewson, Paul, Porter, Warren, Fort, Jérôme, Strøm, Hallvard, Moe, Børge, Fauchald, Per, Descamps, Sebastien, Helgason, Hálfdán H., Bråthen, Vegard S., Merkel, Benjamin, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Bringsvor, Ingar S., Chastel, Olivier, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Daunt, Francis, Dehnhard, Nina, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Ezhov, Alexey, Gavrilo, Maria, Krasnov, Yuri, Langset, Magdalene, Lorentsen, Svein-H., Newell, Mark, Olsen, Bergur, Reiertsen, Tone K., Systad, Geir Helge, Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., Baran, Mark, Diamond, Tony, Fayet, Annette L., Fitzsimmons, Michelle G., Frederiksen, Morten, Gilchrist, Hugh G., Guilford, Tim, Huffeldt, Nicholas P., Jessopp, Mark, Johansen, Kasper L., Kouwenberg, Amy-Lee, Linnebjerg, Jannie F., Major, Heather L., Tranquilla, Laura McFarlane, Mallory, Mark, Merkel, Flemming R., Montevecchi, William, Mosbech, Anders, Petersen, Aevar, and Grémillet, David
Abstract: Each winter, the North Atlantic Ocean is the stage for numerous cyclones, the most severe ones leading to seabird mass-mortality events called “winter wrecks.” During these, thousands of emaciated seabird carcasses are washed ashore along European and North American coasts. Winter cyclones can therefore shape seabird population dynamics by affecting survival rates as well as the body condition of surviving individuals and thus their future reproduction. However, most often the geographic origins of impacted seabirds and the causes of their deaths remain unclear. We performed the first ocean-basin scale assessment of cyclone exposure in a seabird community by coupling winter tracking data for ∼1,500 individuals of five key North Atlantic seabird species (Alle alle, Fratercula arctica, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia, and Rissa tridactyla) and cyclone locations. We then explored the energetic consequences of different cyclonic conditions using a mechanistic bioenergetics model and tested the hypothesis that cyclones dramatically increase seabird energy requirements. We demonstrated that cyclones of high intensity impacted birds from all studied species and breeding colonies during winter but especially those aggregating in the Labrador Sea, the Davis Strait, the surroundings of Iceland, and the Barents Sea. Our broad-scale analyses suggested that cyclonic conditions do not increase seabird energy requirements, implying that they die because of the unavailability of their prey and/or their inability to feed during cyclones. Our study provides essential information on seabird cyclone exposure in a context of marked cyclone regime changes due to global warming.
Published: 2021

23. Meeting Paris agreement objectives will temper seabird winter distribution shifts in the North Atlantic Ocean

Author: Clairbaux, Manon, Cheung, William W.L., Mathewson, Paul, Porter, Warren, Courbin, Nicolas, Fort, Jérôme, Strøm, Hallvard, Moe, Børge, Fauchald, Per, Descamps, Sebastien, Helgason, Hálfdán, Bråthen, Vegard S., Merkel, Benjamin, Anker‐Nilssen, Tycho, Bringsvor, Ingar S., Chastel, Olivier, Christensen‐Dalsgaard, Signe, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Daunt, Francis, Dehnhard, Nina, Erikstad, Kjell-Einar, Ezhov, Alexeï, Gavrilo, Maria, Krasnov, Yuri, Langset, Magdalene, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Newell, Mark, Olsen, Bergur, Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin, Systad, Geir, Þórarinsson, Þorkell L., Baran, Mark, Diamond, Tony, Fayet, Annette L., Fitzsimmons, Michelle G., Frederiksen, Morten, Gilchrist, Grant H., Guilford, Tim, Huffeldt, Nicholas P., Jessopp, Mark, Johansen, Kasper L., Kouwenberg, Amy L., Linnebjerg, Jannie F., McFarlane Tranquilla, Laura, Mallory, Mark, Merkel, Flemming R., Montevecchi, William, Mosbech, Anders, Petersen, Aevar, Grémillet, David, Clairbaux, Manon, Cheung, William W.L., Mathewson, Paul, Porter, Warren, Courbin, Nicolas, Fort, Jérôme, Strøm, Hallvard, Moe, Børge, Fauchald, Per, Descamps, Sebastien, Helgason, Hálfdán, Bråthen, Vegard S., Merkel, Benjamin, Anker‐Nilssen, Tycho, Bringsvor, Ingar S., Chastel, Olivier, Christensen‐Dalsgaard, Signe, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Daunt, Francis, Dehnhard, Nina, Erikstad, Kjell-Einar, Ezhov, Alexeï, Gavrilo, Maria, Krasnov, Yuri, Langset, Magdalene, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Newell, Mark, Olsen, Bergur, Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin, Systad, Geir, Þórarinsson, Þorkell L., Baran, Mark, Diamond, Tony, Fayet, Annette L., Fitzsimmons, Michelle G., Frederiksen, Morten, Gilchrist, Grant H., Guilford, Tim, Huffeldt, Nicholas P., Jessopp, Mark, Johansen, Kasper L., Kouwenberg, Amy L., Linnebjerg, Jannie F., McFarlane Tranquilla, Laura, Mallory, Mark, Merkel, Flemming R., Montevecchi, William, Mosbech, Anders, Petersen, Aevar, and Grémillet, David
Abstract: We explored the implications of reaching the Paris Agreement Objective of limiting global warming to <2°C for the future winter distribution of the North Atlantic seabird community. We predicted and quantified current and future winter habitats of five North Atlantic Ocean seabird species (Alle alle, Fratercula arctica, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia and Rissa tridactyla) using tracking data for ~1500 individuals through resource selection functions based on mechanistic modeling of seabird energy requirements, and a dynamic bioclimate envelope model of seabird prey. Future winter distributions were predicted to shift with climate change, especially when global warming exceed 2°C under a “no mitigation” scenario, modifying seabird wintering hotspots in the North Atlantic Ocean. Our findings suggest that meeting Paris agreement objectives will limit changes in seabird selected habitat location and size in the North Atlantic Ocean during the 21st century. We thereby provide key information for the design of adaptive marine‐protected areas in a changing ocean.
Published: 2021

24. Multispecies tracking reveals a major seabird hotspot in the North Atlantic

Author: Davies, Tammy E., Carneiro, Ana P.B., Tarzia, Marguerite, Wakefield, Ewan, Hennicke, Janos C., Frederiksen, Morten, Hansen, Erpur Snær, Campos, Bruna, Hazin, Carolina, Lascelles, Ben, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Arnardóttir, Hólmfríður, Biscoito, Manuel, Bollache, Loïc, Boulinier, Thierry, Catry, Paulo, Ceia, Filipe R., Chastel, Olivier, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Cruz-Flores, Marta, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Daunt, Francis, Dunn, Euan, Egevang, Carsten, Fagundes, Ana Isabel, Fayet, Annette L., Fort, Jérôme, Furness, Robert W., Gilg, Olivier, González-Solís, Jacob, Granadeiro, José Pedro, Grémillet, David, Guilford, Tim, Hanssen, Sveinn Are, Harris, Michael P., Hedd, April, Huffeldt, Nicholas Per, Jessopp, Mark, Kolbeinsson, Yann, Krietsch, Johannes, Lang, Johannes, Linnebjerg, Jannie Fries, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Madeiros, Jeremy, Magnusdottir, Ellen, Mallory, Mark L., McFarlane Tranquilla, Laura, Merkel, Flemming R., Militão, Teresa, Moe, Børge, Montevecchi, William A., Morera-Pujol, Virginia, Mosbech, Anders, Neves, Verónica, Newell, Mark A., Olsen, Berger, Paiva, Vitor H., Peter, Hans-Ulrich, Petersen, Aevar, Phillips, Richard A., Ramírez, Iván, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raül, Ronconi, Robert A., Ryan, Peter G., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Sigurðsson, Ingvar A., Sittler, Benoît, Steen, Harald, Stenhouse, Iain J., Strøm, Hallvard, Systad, Geir H.R., Thompson, Paul, Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., van Bemmelen, Rob S.A., Wanless, Sarah, Zino, Francis, Dias, Maria P., Davies, Tammy E., Carneiro, Ana P.B., Tarzia, Marguerite, Wakefield, Ewan, Hennicke, Janos C., Frederiksen, Morten, Hansen, Erpur Snær, Campos, Bruna, Hazin, Carolina, Lascelles, Ben, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Arnardóttir, Hólmfríður, Biscoito, Manuel, Bollache, Loïc, Boulinier, Thierry, Catry, Paulo, Ceia, Filipe R., Chastel, Olivier, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Cruz-Flores, Marta, Danielsen, Jóhannis, Daunt, Francis, Dunn, Euan, Egevang, Carsten, Fagundes, Ana Isabel, Fayet, Annette L., Fort, Jérôme, Furness, Robert W., Gilg, Olivier, González-Solís, Jacob, Granadeiro, José Pedro, Grémillet, David, Guilford, Tim, Hanssen, Sveinn Are, Harris, Michael P., Hedd, April, Huffeldt, Nicholas Per, Jessopp, Mark, Kolbeinsson, Yann, Krietsch, Johannes, Lang, Johannes, Linnebjerg, Jannie Fries, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Madeiros, Jeremy, Magnusdottir, Ellen, Mallory, Mark L., McFarlane Tranquilla, Laura, Merkel, Flemming R., Militão, Teresa, Moe, Børge, Montevecchi, William A., Morera-Pujol, Virginia, Mosbech, Anders, Neves, Verónica, Newell, Mark A., Olsen, Berger, Paiva, Vitor H., Peter, Hans-Ulrich, Petersen, Aevar, Phillips, Richard A., Ramírez, Iván, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raül, Ronconi, Robert A., Ryan, Peter G., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Sigurðsson, Ingvar A., Sittler, Benoît, Steen, Harald, Stenhouse, Iain J., Strøm, Hallvard, Systad, Geir H.R., Thompson, Paul, Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., van Bemmelen, Rob S.A., Wanless, Sarah, Zino, Francis, and Dias, Maria P.
Abstract: The conservation of migratory marine species, including pelagic seabirds, is challenging because their movements span vast distances frequently beyond national jurisdictions. Here, we aim to identify important aggregations of seabirds in the North Atlantic to inform ongoing regional conservation efforts. Using tracking, phenology, and population data, we mapped the abundance and diversity of 21 seabird species. This revealed a major hotspot associated with a discrete area of the subpolar frontal zone, used annually by 2.9–5 million seabirds from ≥56 colonies in the Atlantic: the first time this magnitude of seabird concentrations has been documented in the high seas. The hotspot is temporally stable and amenable to site-based conservation and is under consideration as a marine protected area by the OSPAR Commission. Protection could help mitigate current and future threats facing species in the area. Overall, our approach provides an exemplar data-driven pathway for future conservation efforts on the high seas.
Published: 2021

25. New tools to evaluate plastic ingestion by northern fulmars applied to North Sea monitoring data 2002–2018

Author: van Franeker, Jan A., Kühn, Susanne, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Edwards, Ewan W.J., Gallien, Fabrice, Guse, Nils, Kakkonen, Jenni E., Mallory, Mark L., Miles, Will, Olsen, Kåre Olav, Pedersen, John, Provencher, Jennifer, Roos, Mervyn, Stienen, Eric, Turner, Daniel M., van Loon, Willem M.G.M., van Franeker, Jan A., Kühn, Susanne, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Edwards, Ewan W.J., Gallien, Fabrice, Guse, Nils, Kakkonen, Jenni E., Mallory, Mark L., Miles, Will, Olsen, Kåre Olav, Pedersen, John, Provencher, Jennifer, Roos, Mervyn, Stienen, Eric, Turner, Daniel M., and van Loon, Willem M.G.M.
Abstract: Monitoring plastic in stomachs of beached northern fulmars for OSPAR's Ecological Quality Objectives (EcoQOs) has been incorporated into the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). This paper aims to provide the appropriate tools to interpret the monitoring results. MSFD requires a data-derived threshold value (Fulmar-TV) representing ‘Good Environmental Status’. Such Fulmar-TV was calculated from near-pristine Canadian Arctic data where 10.06% of fulmars exceeded the level of 0.1 g ingested plastic. This Fulmar-TV is almost identical to the earlier OSPAR EcoQO, arbitrarily set at 10%. The MSFD approach was evaluated for 2661 North Sea fulmars in 2002–2018. Between 2014 and 2018, 51% of 393 fulmars exceeded 0.1 g plastic, significantly above the proposed Fulmar-TV. Linear regression of individual ingested plastic mass over the 2009–2018 period indicates a significant decrease. Over the longer term 2002–2018, logistic regression of annual EcoQ% shows a significant decline and predicts compliance with the Fulmar-TV by 2054.
Published: 2021

26. Ecological insights from three decades of animal movement tracking across a changing Arctic

Author: Davidson, Sarah C, Bohrer, Gil, Gurarie, Eliezer, LaPoint, Scott, Mahoney, Peter J, Boelman, Natalie T, Eitel, Jan U H, Prugh, Laura R, Vierling, Lee A, Jennewein, Jyoti, Grier, Emma, Couriot, Ophélie, Kelly, Allicia P, Meddens, Arjan J H, Oliver, Ruth Y, Kays, Roland, Wikelski, Martin, Aarvak, Tomas, Ackerman, Joshua T, Alves, José A, Bayne, Erin, Bedrosian, Bryan, Belant, Jerrold L, Berdahl, Andrew M, Berlin, Alicia M, Berteaux, Dominique, Bêty, Joël, Boiko, Dmitrijs, Booms, Travis L, Borg, Bridget L, Boutin, Stan, Boyd, W Sean, Brides, Kane, Brown, Stephen, Bulyuk, Victor N, Burnham, Kurt K, Cabot, David, Casazza, Michael, Christie, Katherine, Craig, Erica H, Davis, Shanti E, Davison, Tracy, Demma, Dominic, DeSorbo, Christopher R, Dixon, Andrew, Domenech, Robert, Eichhorn, Götz, Elliott, Kyle, Evenson, Joseph R, Exo, Klaus-Michael, Ferguson, Steven H, Fiedler, Wolfgang, Fisk, Aaron, Fort, Jérôme, Franke, Alastair, Fuller, Mark R, Garthe, Stefan, Gauthier, Gilles, Gilchrist, Grant, Glazov, Petr, Gray, Carrie E, Grémillet, David, Griffin, Larry, Hallworth, Michael T, Harrison, Autumn-Lynn, Hennin, Holly L, Hipfner, J Mark, Hodson, James, Johnson, James A, Joly, Kyle, Jones, Kimberly, Katzner, Todd E, Kidd, Jeff W, Knight, Elly C, Kochert, Michael N, Kölzsch, Andrea, Kruckenberg, Helmut, Lagassé, Benjamin J, Lai, Sandra, Lamarre, Jean-François, Lanctot, Richard B, Larter, Nicholas C, Latham, A David M, Latty, Christopher J, Lawler, James P, Léandri-Breton, Don-Jean, Lee, Hansoo, Lewis, Stephen B, Love, Oliver P, Madsen, Jesper, Maftei, Mark, Mallory, Mark L, Mangipane, Buck, Markovets, Mikhail Y, Marra, Peter P, McGuire, Rebecca, McIntyre, Carol L, McKinnon, Emily A, Miller, Tricia A, Moonen, Sander, Mu, Tong, Müskens, Gerhard J D M, Ng, Janet, Nicholson, Kerry L, Øien, Ingar Jostein, Overton, Cory, Owen, Patricia A, Patterson, Allison, Petersen, Aevar, Pokrovsky, Ivan, Powell, Luke L, Prieto, Rui, Quillfeldt, Petra, Rausch, Jennie, Russell, Kelsey, Saalfeld, Sarah T, Schekkerman, Hans, Schmutz, Joel A, Schwemmer, Philipp, Seip, Dale R, Shreading, Adam, Silva, Mónica A, Smith, Brian W, Smith, Fletcher, Smith, Jeff P, Snell, Katherine R S, Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokolov, Vasiliy, Solovyeva, Diana V, Sorum, Mathew S, Tertitski, Grigori, Therrien, J F, Thorup, Kasper, Tibbitts, T Lee, Tulp, Ingrid, Uher-Koch, Brian D, van Bemmelen, Rob S A, Van Wilgenburg, Steven, Von Duyke, Andrew L, Watson, Jesse L, Watts, Bryan D, Williams, Judy A, Wilson, Matthew T, Wright, James R, Yates, Michael A, Yurkowski, David J, Žydelis, Ramūnas, Hebblewhite, Mark, Davidson, Sarah C, Bohrer, Gil, Gurarie, Eliezer, LaPoint, Scott, Mahoney, Peter J, Boelman, Natalie T, Eitel, Jan U H, Prugh, Laura R, Vierling, Lee A, Jennewein, Jyoti, Grier, Emma, Couriot, Ophélie, Kelly, Allicia P, Meddens, Arjan J H, Oliver, Ruth Y, Kays, Roland, Wikelski, Martin, Aarvak, Tomas, Ackerman, Joshua T, Alves, José A, Bayne, Erin, Bedrosian, Bryan, Belant, Jerrold L, Berdahl, Andrew M, Berlin, Alicia M, Berteaux, Dominique, Bêty, Joël, Boiko, Dmitrijs, Booms, Travis L, Borg, Bridget L, Boutin, Stan, Boyd, W Sean, Brides, Kane, Brown, Stephen, Bulyuk, Victor N, Burnham, Kurt K, Cabot, David, Casazza, Michael, Christie, Katherine, Craig, Erica H, Davis, Shanti E, Davison, Tracy, Demma, Dominic, DeSorbo, Christopher R, Dixon, Andrew, Domenech, Robert, Eichhorn, Götz, Elliott, Kyle, Evenson, Joseph R, Exo, Klaus-Michael, Ferguson, Steven H, Fiedler, Wolfgang, Fisk, Aaron, Fort, Jérôme, Franke, Alastair, Fuller, Mark R, Garthe, Stefan, Gauthier, Gilles, Gilchrist, Grant, Glazov, Petr, Gray, Carrie E, Grémillet, David, Griffin, Larry, Hallworth, Michael T, Harrison, Autumn-Lynn, Hennin, Holly L, Hipfner, J Mark, Hodson, James, Johnson, James A, Joly, Kyle, Jones, Kimberly, Katzner, Todd E, Kidd, Jeff W, Knight, Elly C, Kochert, Michael N, Kölzsch, Andrea, Kruckenberg, Helmut, Lagassé, Benjamin J, Lai, Sandra, Lamarre, Jean-François, Lanctot, Richard B, Larter, Nicholas C, Latham, A David M, Latty, Christopher J, Lawler, James P, Léandri-Breton, Don-Jean, Lee, Hansoo, Lewis, Stephen B, Love, Oliver P, Madsen, Jesper, Maftei, Mark, Mallory, Mark L, Mangipane, Buck, Markovets, Mikhail Y, Marra, Peter P, McGuire, Rebecca, McIntyre, Carol L, McKinnon, Emily A, Miller, Tricia A, Moonen, Sander, Mu, Tong, Müskens, Gerhard J D M, Ng, Janet, Nicholson, Kerry L, Øien, Ingar Jostein, Overton, Cory, Owen, Patricia A, Patterson, Allison, Petersen, Aevar, Pokrovsky, Ivan, Powell, Luke L, Prieto, Rui, Quillfeldt, Petra, Rausch, Jennie, Russell, Kelsey, Saalfeld, Sarah T, Schekkerman, Hans, Schmutz, Joel A, Schwemmer, Philipp, Seip, Dale R, Shreading, Adam, Silva, Mónica A, Smith, Brian W, Smith, Fletcher, Smith, Jeff P, Snell, Katherine R S, Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokolov, Vasiliy, Solovyeva, Diana V, Sorum, Mathew S, Tertitski, Grigori, Therrien, J F, Thorup, Kasper, Tibbitts, T Lee, Tulp, Ingrid, Uher-Koch, Brian D, van Bemmelen, Rob S A, Van Wilgenburg, Steven, Von Duyke, Andrew L, Watson, Jesse L, Watts, Bryan D, Williams, Judy A, Wilson, Matthew T, Wright, James R, Yates, Michael A, Yurkowski, David J, Žydelis, Ramūnas, and Hebblewhite, Mark
Abstract: The Arctic is entering a new ecological state, with alarming consequences for humanity. Animal-borne sensors offer a window into these changes. Although substantial animal tracking data from the Arctic and subarctic exist, most are difficult to discover and access. Here, we present the new Arctic Animal Movement Archive (AAMA), a growing collection of more than 200 standardized terrestrial and marine animal tracking studies from 1991 to the present. The AAMA supports public data discovery, preserves fundamental baseline data for the future, and facilitates efficient, collaborative data analysis. With AAMA-based case studies, we document climatic influences on the migration phenology of eagles, geographic differences in the adaptive response of caribou reproductive phenology to climate change, and species-specific changes in terrestrial mammal movement rates in response to increasing temperature.
Published: 2020

27. Ecological insights from three decades of animal movement tracking across a changing Arctic

Author: Davidson, Sarah C, Bohrer, Gil, Gurarie, Eliezer, LaPoint, Scott, Mahoney, Peter J, Boelman, Natalie T, Eitel, Jan U H, Prugh, Laura R, Vierling, Lee A, Jennewein, Jyoti, Grier, Emma, Couriot, Ophélie, Kelly, Allicia P, Meddens, Arjan J H, Oliver, Ruth Y, Kays, Roland, Wikelski, Martin, Aarvak, Tomas, Ackerman, Joshua T, Alves, José A, Bayne, Erin, Bedrosian, Bryan, Belant, Jerrold L, Berdahl, Andrew M, Berlin, Alicia M, Berteaux, Dominique, Bêty, Joël, Boiko, Dmitrijs, Booms, Travis L, Borg, Bridget L, Boutin, Stan, Boyd, W Sean, Brides, Kane, Brown, Stephen, Bulyuk, Victor N, Burnham, Kurt K, Cabot, David, Casazza, Michael, Christie, Katherine, Craig, Erica H, Davis, Shanti E, Davison, Tracy, Demma, Dominic, DeSorbo, Christopher R, Dixon, Andrew, Domenech, Robert, Eichhorn, Götz, Elliott, Kyle, Evenson, Joseph R, Exo, Klaus-Michael, Ferguson, Steven H, Fiedler, Wolfgang, Fisk, Aaron, Fort, Jérôme, Franke, Alastair, Fuller, Mark R, Garthe, Stefan, Gauthier, Gilles, Gilchrist, Grant, Glazov, Petr, Gray, Carrie E, Grémillet, David, Griffin, Larry, Hallworth, Michael T, Harrison, Autumn-Lynn, Hennin, Holly L, Hipfner, J Mark, Hodson, James, Johnson, James A, Joly, Kyle, Jones, Kimberly, Katzner, Todd E, Kidd, Jeff W, Knight, Elly C, Kochert, Michael N, Kölzsch, Andrea, Kruckenberg, Helmut, Lagassé, Benjamin J, Lai, Sandra, Lamarre, Jean-François, Lanctot, Richard B, Larter, Nicholas C, Latham, A David M, Latty, Christopher J, Lawler, James P, Léandri-Breton, Don-Jean, Lee, Hansoo, Lewis, Stephen B, Love, Oliver P, Madsen, Jesper, Maftei, Mark, Mallory, Mark L, Mangipane, Buck, Markovets, Mikhail Y, Marra, Peter P, McGuire, Rebecca, McIntyre, Carol L, McKinnon, Emily A, Miller, Tricia A, Moonen, Sander, Mu, Tong, Müskens, Gerhard J D M, Ng, Janet, Nicholson, Kerry L, Øien, Ingar Jostein, Overton, Cory, Owen, Patricia A, Patterson, Allison, Petersen, Aevar, Pokrovsky, Ivan, Powell, Luke L, Prieto, Rui, Quillfeldt, Petra, Rausch, Jennie, Russell, Kelsey, Saalfeld, Sarah T, Schekkerman, Hans, Schmutz, Joel A, Schwemmer, Philipp, Seip, Dale R, Shreading, Adam, Silva, Mónica A, Smith, Brian W, Smith, Fletcher, Smith, Jeff P, Snell, Katherine R S, Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokolov, Vasiliy, Solovyeva, Diana V, Sorum, Mathew S, Tertitski, Grigori, Therrien, J F, Thorup, Kasper, Tibbitts, T Lee, Tulp, Ingrid, Uher-Koch, Brian D, van Bemmelen, Rob S A, Van Wilgenburg, Steven, Von Duyke, Andrew L, Watson, Jesse L, Watts, Bryan D, Williams, Judy A, Wilson, Matthew T, Wright, James R, Yates, Michael A, Yurkowski, David J, Žydelis, Ramūnas, Hebblewhite, Mark, Davidson, Sarah C, Bohrer, Gil, Gurarie, Eliezer, LaPoint, Scott, Mahoney, Peter J, Boelman, Natalie T, Eitel, Jan U H, Prugh, Laura R, Vierling, Lee A, Jennewein, Jyoti, Grier, Emma, Couriot, Ophélie, Kelly, Allicia P, Meddens, Arjan J H, Oliver, Ruth Y, Kays, Roland, Wikelski, Martin, Aarvak, Tomas, Ackerman, Joshua T, Alves, José A, Bayne, Erin, Bedrosian, Bryan, Belant, Jerrold L, Berdahl, Andrew M, Berlin, Alicia M, Berteaux, Dominique, Bêty, Joël, Boiko, Dmitrijs, Booms, Travis L, Borg, Bridget L, Boutin, Stan, Boyd, W Sean, Brides, Kane, Brown, Stephen, Bulyuk, Victor N, Burnham, Kurt K, Cabot, David, Casazza, Michael, Christie, Katherine, Craig, Erica H, Davis, Shanti E, Davison, Tracy, Demma, Dominic, DeSorbo, Christopher R, Dixon, Andrew, Domenech, Robert, Eichhorn, Götz, Elliott, Kyle, Evenson, Joseph R, Exo, Klaus-Michael, Ferguson, Steven H, Fiedler, Wolfgang, Fisk, Aaron, Fort, Jérôme, Franke, Alastair, Fuller, Mark R, Garthe, Stefan, Gauthier, Gilles, Gilchrist, Grant, Glazov, Petr, Gray, Carrie E, Grémillet, David, Griffin, Larry, Hallworth, Michael T, Harrison, Autumn-Lynn, Hennin, Holly L, Hipfner, J Mark, Hodson, James, Johnson, James A, Joly, Kyle, Jones, Kimberly, Katzner, Todd E, Kidd, Jeff W, Knight, Elly C, Kochert, Michael N, Kölzsch, Andrea, Kruckenberg, Helmut, Lagassé, Benjamin J, Lai, Sandra, Lamarre, Jean-François, Lanctot, Richard B, Larter, Nicholas C, Latham, A David M, Latty, Christopher J, Lawler, James P, Léandri-Breton, Don-Jean, Lee, Hansoo, Lewis, Stephen B, Love, Oliver P, Madsen, Jesper, Maftei, Mark, Mallory, Mark L, Mangipane, Buck, Markovets, Mikhail Y, Marra, Peter P, McGuire, Rebecca, McIntyre, Carol L, McKinnon, Emily A, Miller, Tricia A, Moonen, Sander, Mu, Tong, Müskens, Gerhard J D M, Ng, Janet, Nicholson, Kerry L, Øien, Ingar Jostein, Overton, Cory, Owen, Patricia A, Patterson, Allison, Petersen, Aevar, Pokrovsky, Ivan, Powell, Luke L, Prieto, Rui, Quillfeldt, Petra, Rausch, Jennie, Russell, Kelsey, Saalfeld, Sarah T, Schekkerman, Hans, Schmutz, Joel A, Schwemmer, Philipp, Seip, Dale R, Shreading, Adam, Silva, Mónica A, Smith, Brian W, Smith, Fletcher, Smith, Jeff P, Snell, Katherine R S, Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokolov, Vasiliy, Solovyeva, Diana V, Sorum, Mathew S, Tertitski, Grigori, Therrien, J F, Thorup, Kasper, Tibbitts, T Lee, Tulp, Ingrid, Uher-Koch, Brian D, van Bemmelen, Rob S A, Van Wilgenburg, Steven, Von Duyke, Andrew L, Watson, Jesse L, Watts, Bryan D, Williams, Judy A, Wilson, Matthew T, Wright, James R, Yates, Michael A, Yurkowski, David J, Žydelis, Ramūnas, and Hebblewhite, Mark
Abstract: The Arctic is entering a new ecological state, with alarming consequences for humanity. Animal-borne sensors offer a window into these changes. Although substantial animal tracking data from the Arctic and subarctic exist, most are difficult to discover and access. Here, we present the new Arctic Animal Movement Archive (AAMA), a growing collection of more than 200 standardized terrestrial and marine animal tracking studies from 1991 to the present. The AAMA supports public data discovery, preserves fundamental baseline data for the future, and facilitates efficient, collaborative data analysis. With AAMA-based case studies, we document climatic influences on the migration phenology of eagles, geographic differences in the adaptive response of caribou reproductive phenology to climate change, and species-specific changes in terrestrial mammal movement rates in response to increasing temperature.
Published: 2020

28. Ecological insights from three decades of animal movement tracking across a changing Arctic

Author: Davidson, Sarah C., Bohrer, Gil, Gurarie, Eliezer, LaPoint, Scott, Mahoney, Peter J., Boelman, Natalie T., Eitel, Jan U. H., Prugh, Laura R., Vierling, Lee A., Jennewein, Jyoti, Grier, Emma, Couriot, Ophélie, Kelly, Allicia P., Meddens, Arjan J. H., Oliver, Ruth Y., Kays, Roland, Wikelski, Martin, Aarvak, Tomas, Ackerman, Joshua T., Alves, José A., Bayne, Erin, Bedrosian, Bryan, Belant, Jerrold L., Berdahl, Andrew M., Berlin, Alicia M., Berteaux, Dominique, Bêty, Joël, Boiko, Dmitrijs, Booms, Travis L., Borg, Bridget L., Boutin, Stan, Boyd, W. Sean, Brides, Kane, Brown, Stephen, Bulyuk, Victor N., Burnham, Kurt K., Cabot, David, Casazza, Michael, Christie, Katherine, Craig, Erica H., Davis, Shanti E., Davison, Tracy, Demma, Dominic, DeSorbo, Christopher R., Dixon, Andrew, Domenech, Robert, Eichhorn, Götz, Elliott, Kyle, Evenson, Joseph R., Exo, Klaus-Michael, Ferguson, Steven H., Fiedler, Wolfgang, Fisk, Aaron, Fort, Jérôme, Franke, Alastair, Fuller, Mark R., Garthe, Stefan, Gauthier, Gilles, Gilchrist, Grant, Glazov, Petr, Gray, Carrie E., Grémillet, David, Griffin, Larry, Hallworth, Michael T., Harrison, Autumn-Lynn, Hennin, Holly L., Hipfner, J. Mark, Hodson, James, Johnson, James A., Joly, Kyle, Jones, Kimberly, Katzner, Todd E., Kidd, Jeff W., Knight, Elly C., Kochert, Michael N., Kölzsch, Andrea, Kruckenberg, Helmut, Lagassé, Benjamin J., Lai, Sandra, Lamarre, Jean-François, Lanctot, Richard B., Larter, Nicholas C., Latham, A. David M., Latty, Christopher J., Lawler, James P., Léandri-Breton, Don-Jean, Lee, Hansoo, Lewis, Stephen B., Love, Oliver P., Madsen, Jesper, Maftei, Mark, Mallory, Mark L., Mangipane, Buck, Markovets, Mikhail Y., Marra, Peter P., McGuire, Rebecca, McIntyre, Carol L., McKinnon, Emily A., Miller, Tricia A., Moonen, Sander, Mu, Tong, Müskens, Gerhard J. D. M., Ng, Janet, Nicholson, Kerry L., Øien, Ingar Jostein, Overton, Cory, Owen, Patricia A., Patterson, Allison, Petersen, Aevar, Pokrovsky, Ivan, Powell, Luke L., Prieto, Rui, Quillfeldt, Petra, Rausch, Jennie, Russell, Kelsey, Saalfeld, Sarah T., Schekkerman, Hans, Schmutz, Joel A., Schwemmer, Philipp, Seip, Dale R., Shreading, Adam, Silva, Mónica A., Smith, Brian W., Smith, Fletcher, Smith, Jeff P., Snell, Katherine R. S., Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokolov, Vasiliy, Solovyeva, Diana V., Sorum, Mathew S., Tertitski, Grigori, Therrien, J. F., Thorup, Kasper, Tibbitts, T. Lee, Tulp, Ingrid, Uher-Koch, Brian D., van Bemmelen, Rob S. A., Van Wilgenburg, Steven, Von Duyke, Andrew L., Watson, Jesse L., Watts, Bryan D., Williams, Judy A., Wilson, Matthew T., Wright, James R., Yates, Michael A., Yurkowski, David J., Žydelis, Ramūnas, Hebblewhite, Mark, Davidson, Sarah C., Bohrer, Gil, Gurarie, Eliezer, LaPoint, Scott, Mahoney, Peter J., Boelman, Natalie T., Eitel, Jan U. H., Prugh, Laura R., Vierling, Lee A., Jennewein, Jyoti, Grier, Emma, Couriot, Ophélie, Kelly, Allicia P., Meddens, Arjan J. H., Oliver, Ruth Y., Kays, Roland, Wikelski, Martin, Aarvak, Tomas, Ackerman, Joshua T., Alves, José A., Bayne, Erin, Bedrosian, Bryan, Belant, Jerrold L., Berdahl, Andrew M., Berlin, Alicia M., Berteaux, Dominique, Bêty, Joël, Boiko, Dmitrijs, Booms, Travis L., Borg, Bridget L., Boutin, Stan, Boyd, W. Sean, Brides, Kane, Brown, Stephen, Bulyuk, Victor N., Burnham, Kurt K., Cabot, David, Casazza, Michael, Christie, Katherine, Craig, Erica H., Davis, Shanti E., Davison, Tracy, Demma, Dominic, DeSorbo, Christopher R., Dixon, Andrew, Domenech, Robert, Eichhorn, Götz, Elliott, Kyle, Evenson, Joseph R., Exo, Klaus-Michael, Ferguson, Steven H., Fiedler, Wolfgang, Fisk, Aaron, Fort, Jérôme, Franke, Alastair, Fuller, Mark R., Garthe, Stefan, Gauthier, Gilles, Gilchrist, Grant, Glazov, Petr, Gray, Carrie E., Grémillet, David, Griffin, Larry, Hallworth, Michael T., Harrison, Autumn-Lynn, Hennin, Holly L., Hipfner, J. Mark, Hodson, James, Johnson, James A., Joly, Kyle, Jones, Kimberly, Katzner, Todd E., Kidd, Jeff W., Knight, Elly C., Kochert, Michael N., Kölzsch, Andrea, Kruckenberg, Helmut, Lagassé, Benjamin J., Lai, Sandra, Lamarre, Jean-François, Lanctot, Richard B., Larter, Nicholas C., Latham, A. David M., Latty, Christopher J., Lawler, James P., Léandri-Breton, Don-Jean, Lee, Hansoo, Lewis, Stephen B., Love, Oliver P., Madsen, Jesper, Maftei, Mark, Mallory, Mark L., Mangipane, Buck, Markovets, Mikhail Y., Marra, Peter P., McGuire, Rebecca, McIntyre, Carol L., McKinnon, Emily A., Miller, Tricia A., Moonen, Sander, Mu, Tong, Müskens, Gerhard J. D. M., Ng, Janet, Nicholson, Kerry L., Øien, Ingar Jostein, Overton, Cory, Owen, Patricia A., Patterson, Allison, Petersen, Aevar, Pokrovsky, Ivan, Powell, Luke L., Prieto, Rui, Quillfeldt, Petra, Rausch, Jennie, Russell, Kelsey, Saalfeld, Sarah T., Schekkerman, Hans, Schmutz, Joel A., Schwemmer, Philipp, Seip, Dale R., Shreading, Adam, Silva, Mónica A., Smith, Brian W., Smith, Fletcher, Smith, Jeff P., Snell, Katherine R. S., Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokolov, Vasiliy, Solovyeva, Diana V., Sorum, Mathew S., Tertitski, Grigori, Therrien, J. F., Thorup, Kasper, Tibbitts, T. Lee, Tulp, Ingrid, Uher-Koch, Brian D., van Bemmelen, Rob S. A., Van Wilgenburg, Steven, Von Duyke, Andrew L., Watson, Jesse L., Watts, Bryan D., Williams, Judy A., Wilson, Matthew T., Wright, James R., Yates, Michael A., Yurkowski, David J., Žydelis, Ramūnas, and Hebblewhite, Mark
Abstract: The Arctic is entering a new ecological state, with alarming consequences for humanity. Animal-borne sensors offer a window into these changes. Although substantial animal tracking data from the Arctic and subarctic exist, most are difficult to discover and access. Here, we present the new Arctic Animal Movement Archive (AAMA), a growing collection of more than 200 standardized terrestrial and marine animal tracking studies from 1991 to the present. The AAMA supports public data discovery, preserves fundamental baseline data for the future, and facilitates efficient, collaborative data analysis. With AAMA-based case studies, we document climatic influences on the migration phenology of eagles, geographic differences in the adaptive response of caribou reproductive phenology to climate change, and species-specific changes in terrestrial mammal movement rates in response to increasing temperature.
Published: 2020

29. What’s the catch with lumpsuckers? A North Atlantic study of seabird bycatch in lumpsucker gillnet fisheries

Author: Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Crawford, Rory, Bond, Alexander, Már Sigurðsson, Guðjón, Glemarec, Gildas, Snær Hansen, Erpur, Kadin, Martina, Kindt-Larsen, Lotte, Mallory, Mark, Ravn Merkel, Flemming, Petersen, Aevar, Provencher, Jennifer, Bærum, Kim Magnus, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Crawford, Rory, Bond, Alexander, Már Sigurðsson, Guðjón, Glemarec, Gildas, Snær Hansen, Erpur, Kadin, Martina, Kindt-Larsen, Lotte, Mallory, Mark, Ravn Merkel, Flemming, Petersen, Aevar, Provencher, Jennifer, and Bærum, Kim Magnus
Abstract: Worldwide, incidental bycatch in fisheries is a conservation threat to many seabird species. Although knowledge on bycatch of seabirds has increased in the last decade, most stems from longline fisheries and the impacts of coastal gillnet fisheries are poorly understood. Gillnet fishing for North Atlantic lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus) is one such fishery. We collated and synthesized the available information on seabird bycatch in lumpsucker gillnet fisheries across the entire geographical range to estimate and infer the magnitude of their impact on the affected seabird populations. Most birds killed were diving ducks, cormorants and auks, and each year locally high numbers of seabirds were taken as bycatch. We found large differences in bycatch rates among countries. The estimated mean bycatch in Iceland was 2.43 birds/trip, while the estimates in Norway was 0.44 and 0.39 birds/trip, respectively. The large disparities between estimates might reflect large spatial differences in bycatch rates, but could partly also arise due to distinctions in data recorded by onboard inspectors (Iceland), self-administered registration (Norway) and direct observations by cameras (Denmark). We show that lumpsucker gillnet fisheries might pose a significant risk to some populations of diving seabirds. However, a distinct data deficiency on seabird bycatch in terms of spatio-temporal coverage and the age and origins of the birds killed, limited our abilities to fully assess the extent and population consequences of the bycatch. Our results highlight the need for a joint effort among countries to standardize monitoring methods to better document the impact of these fisheries on seabirds.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. What’s the catch with lumpsuckers? A North Atlantic study of seabird bycatch in lumpsucker gillnet fisheries

Author: Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Crawford, Rory, Bond, Alexander, Már Sigurðsson, Guðjón, Glemarec, Gildas, Snær Hansen, Erpur, Kadin, Martina, Kindt-Larsen, Lotte, Mallory, Mark, Ravn Merkel, Flemming, Petersen, Aevar, Provencher, Jennifer, Bærum, Kim Magnus, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Crawford, Rory, Bond, Alexander, Már Sigurðsson, Guðjón, Glemarec, Gildas, Snær Hansen, Erpur, Kadin, Martina, Kindt-Larsen, Lotte, Mallory, Mark, Ravn Merkel, Flemming, Petersen, Aevar, Provencher, Jennifer, and Bærum, Kim Magnus
Abstract: Worldwide, incidental bycatch in fisheries is a conservation threat to many seabird species. Although knowledge on bycatch of seabirds has increased in the last decade, most stems from longline fisheries and the impacts of coastal gillnet fisheries are poorly understood. Gillnet fishing for North Atlantic lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus) is one such fishery. We collated and synthesized the available information on seabird bycatch in lumpsucker gillnet fisheries across the entire geographical range to estimate and infer the magnitude of their impact on the affected seabird populations. Most birds killed were diving ducks, cormorants and auks, and each year locally high numbers of seabirds were taken as bycatch. We found large differences in bycatch rates among countries. The estimated mean bycatch in Iceland was 2.43 birds/trip, while the estimates in Norway was 0.44 and 0.39 birds/trip, respectively. The large disparities between estimates might reflect large spatial differences in bycatch rates, but could partly also arise due to distinctions in data recorded by onboard inspectors (Iceland), self-administered registration (Norway) and direct observations by cameras (Denmark). We show that lumpsucker gillnet fisheries might pose a significant risk to some populations of diving seabirds. However, a distinct data deficiency on seabird bycatch in terms of spatio-temporal coverage and the age and origins of the birds killed, limited our abilities to fully assess the extent and population consequences of the bycatch. Our results highlight the need for a joint effort among countries to standardize monitoring methods to better document the impact of these fisheries on seabirds.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. What’s the catch with lumpsuckers? A North Atlantic study of seabird bycatch in lumpsucker gillnet fisheries

Author: Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Crawford, Rory, Bond, AL, Sigurðsson, Guðjón Már, Glemarec, Gildas, Hansen, Erpur Snær, Kadin, Martina, Kindt-Larsen, Lotte, Mallory, Mark, Merkel, Flemming Ravn, Petersen, Aevar, Provencher, Jennifer, Bærum, Kim Magnus, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Crawford, Rory, Bond, AL, Sigurðsson, Guðjón Már, Glemarec, Gildas, Hansen, Erpur Snær, Kadin, Martina, Kindt-Larsen, Lotte, Mallory, Mark, Merkel, Flemming Ravn, Petersen, Aevar, Provencher, Jennifer, and Bærum, Kim Magnus
Abstract: Worldwide, incidental bycatch in fisheries is a conservation threat to many seabird species. Although knowledge on bycatch of seabirds has increased in the last decade, most stems from longline fisheries and the impacts of coastal gillnet fisheries are poorly understood. Gillnet fishing for North Atlantic lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus) is one such fishery. We collated and synthesized the available information on seabird bycatch in lumpsucker gillnet fisheries across the entire geographical range to estimate and infer the magnitude of their impact on the affected seabird populations. Most birds killed were diving ducks, cormorants and auks, and each year locally high numbers of seabirds were taken as bycatch. We found large differences in bycatch rates among countries. The estimated mean bycatch in Iceland was 2.43 birds/trip, while the estimates in Norway was 0.44 and 0.39 birds/trip, respectively. The large disparities between estimates might reflect large spatial differences in bycatch rates, but could partly also arise due to distinctions in data recorded by onboard inspectors (Iceland), selfadministered registration (Norway) and direct observations by cameras (Denmark). We show that lumpsucker gillnet fisheries might pose a significant risk to some populations of diving seabirds. However, a distinct data deficiency on seabird bycatch in terms of spatio-temporal coverage and the age and origins of the birds killed, limited our abilities to fully assess the extent and population consequences of the bycatch. Our results highlight the need for a joint effort among countries to standardize monitoring methods to better document the impact of these fisheries on seabirds.
Published: 2019

32. Current state of knowledge on biological effects from contaminants on arctic wildlife and fish

Author: Dietz, Rune, Letcher, Robert J., Desforges, Jean-Pierre, Eulaers, Igor, Sonne, Christian, Wilson, Simon, Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie, Basu, Niladri, Barst, Benjamin D., Bustnes, Jan Ove, Bytingsvik, Jenny, Ciesielski, Tomasz M., Drevnick, Paul E., Gabrielsen, Geirw., Haarr, Ane, Hylland, Ketil, Jenssen, Bjorn Munro, Levin, Milton, McKinney, Melissa A., Norregaard, Rasmus Dyrmose, Pedersen, Kathrine E., Provencher, Jennifer, Styrishave, Bjarne, Tartu, Sabrina, Aars, Jon, Ackerman, Joshua T., Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu, Barrett, Rob, Bignert, Anders, Borns, Erik W., Branigan, Marsha, Braune, Birgit, Bryan, Colleen E., Dam, Maria, Eagles-Smith, Collin A., Evans, Marlene, Evans, Thomas J., Fisk, Aaron T., Gamberg, Mary, Gustavson, Kim, Hartman, C. Alex, Helander, Bjorn, Herzog, Mark P., Hoekstra, Paul F., Houde, Magali, Hoydal, Katrin, Jackson, Allyson K., Kucklick, John, Lie, Elisabeth, Loseto, Lisa, Mallory, Mark L., Miljeteig, Cecilie, Mosbech, Anders, Muir, Derek C. G., Nielsen, Sanna Tuni, Peacock, Elizabeth, Pedro, Sara, Peterson, Sarah H., Polder, Anuschka, Riget, Frank F., Roach, Pat, Saunes, Halvor, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Skaare, Janneche U., Sondergaard, Jens, Stenson, Garry, Stern, Gary, Treu, Gabriele, Schuur, Stacy S., Vikingsson, Gisli, Dietz, Rune, Letcher, Robert J., Desforges, Jean-Pierre, Eulaers, Igor, Sonne, Christian, Wilson, Simon, Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie, Basu, Niladri, Barst, Benjamin D., Bustnes, Jan Ove, Bytingsvik, Jenny, Ciesielski, Tomasz M., Drevnick, Paul E., Gabrielsen, Geirw., Haarr, Ane, Hylland, Ketil, Jenssen, Bjorn Munro, Levin, Milton, McKinney, Melissa A., Norregaard, Rasmus Dyrmose, Pedersen, Kathrine E., Provencher, Jennifer, Styrishave, Bjarne, Tartu, Sabrina, Aars, Jon, Ackerman, Joshua T., Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu, Barrett, Rob, Bignert, Anders, Borns, Erik W., Branigan, Marsha, Braune, Birgit, Bryan, Colleen E., Dam, Maria, Eagles-Smith, Collin A., Evans, Marlene, Evans, Thomas J., Fisk, Aaron T., Gamberg, Mary, Gustavson, Kim, Hartman, C. Alex, Helander, Bjorn, Herzog, Mark P., Hoekstra, Paul F., Houde, Magali, Hoydal, Katrin, Jackson, Allyson K., Kucklick, John, Lie, Elisabeth, Loseto, Lisa, Mallory, Mark L., Miljeteig, Cecilie, Mosbech, Anders, Muir, Derek C. G., Nielsen, Sanna Tuni, Peacock, Elizabeth, Pedro, Sara, Peterson, Sarah H., Polder, Anuschka, Riget, Frank F., Roach, Pat, Saunes, Halvor, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Skaare, Janneche U., Sondergaard, Jens, Stenson, Garry, Stern, Gary, Treu, Gabriele, Schuur, Stacy S., and Vikingsson, Gisli
Published: 2019

33. What's the catch with lumpsuckers? A North Atlantic study of seabird bycatch in lumpsucker gillnet fisheries

Author: Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Crawford, Rory, Bond, Alexander, Sigurðsson, Guðjón Már, Glemarec, Gildas, Hansen, Erpur Snær, Kadin, Martina, Kindt-Larsen, Lotte, Mallory, Mark, Merkel, Flemming Ravn, Petersen, Aevar, Provencher, Jennifer, Bærum, Kim Magnus, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Crawford, Rory, Bond, Alexander, Sigurðsson, Guðjón Már, Glemarec, Gildas, Hansen, Erpur Snær, Kadin, Martina, Kindt-Larsen, Lotte, Mallory, Mark, Merkel, Flemming Ravn, Petersen, Aevar, Provencher, Jennifer, and Bærum, Kim Magnus
Abstract: Worldwide, incidental bycatch in fisheries is a conservation threat to many seabird species. Although knowledge on bycatch of seabirds has increased in the last decade, most stems from longline fisheries and the impacts of coastal gillnet fisheries are poorly understood. Gillnet fishing for North Atlantic lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus) is one such fishery. We collated and synthesized the available information on seabird bycatch in lumpsucker gillnet fisheries across the entire geographical range to estimate and infer the magnitude of their impact on the affected seabird populations. Most birds killed were diving ducks, cormorants and auks, and each year locally high numbers of seabirds were taken as bycatch. We found large differences in bycatch rates among countries. The estimated mean bycatch in Iceland was 2.43 birds/trip, while the estimates in Norway was 0.44 and 0.39 birds/trip, respectively. The large disparities between estimates might reflect large spatial differences in bycatch rates, but could partly also arise due to distinctions in data recorded by onboard inspectors (Iceland), self-administered registration (Norway) and direct observations by cameras (Denmark). We show that lumpsucker gillnet fisheries might pose a significant risk to some populations of diving seabirds. However, a distinct data deficiency on seabird bycatch in terms of spatio-temporal coverage and the age and origins of the birds killed, limited our abilities to fully assess the extent and population consequences of the bycatch. Our results highlight the need for a joint effort among countries to standardize monitoring methods to better document the impact of these fisheries on seabirds.
Published: 2019

34. Recommended best practices for plastic and litter ingestion studies in marine birds: Collection, processing, and reporting

Author: Provencher, Jennifer F., Borrelle, Stephanie B., Bond, Alexander L., Lavers, Jennifer L., Van Franeker, Jan A., Kühn, Susanne, Hammer, Sjúrður, Avery-Gomm, Stephanie, Mallory, Mark L., Favaro, Brett, Provencher, Jennifer F., Borrelle, Stephanie B., Bond, Alexander L., Lavers, Jennifer L., Van Franeker, Jan A., Kühn, Susanne, Hammer, Sjúrður, Avery-Gomm, Stephanie, Mallory, Mark L., and Favaro, Brett
Abstract: Marine plastic pollution is an environmental contaminant of significant concern. There is a lack of consistency in sample collection and processing that continues to impede meta-analyses and largescale comparisons across time and space. This is true for most taxa, including seabirds, which are the most studied megafauna group with regards to plastic ingestion research. Consequently, it is difficult to evaluate the impacts and extent of plastic contamination in seabirds fully and accurately, and to make inferences about species for which we have little or no data. We provide a synthesized set of recommendations specific for seabirds and plastic ingestion studies that include best practices in relation to sample collection, processing, and reporting, as well as highlighting some“cross-cutting” methods. We include guidance for how carcasses, regurgitations, and pellets should be handled and treated to prevent cross-contamination, and a discussion of what size class of microplastics can be assessed in each sample type. Although we focus on marine bird samples, we also include standardized techniques to remove sediment and biological material that are generalizableto other taxa. Lastly, metrics and data presentation of ingested plastics are briefly reviewed in the context of seabird studies.
Published: 2019

35. Current state of knowledge on biological effects from contaminants on arctic wildlife and fish

Author: Dietz, Rune, Letcher, Robert J., Desforges, Jean-Pierre, Eulaers, Igor, Sonne, Christian, Wilson, Simon, Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie, Basu, Niladri, Barst, Benjamin D., Bustnes, Jan Ove, Bytingsvik, Jenny, Ciesielski, Tomasz M., Drevnick, Paul E., Gabrielsen, Geirw., Haarr, Ane, Hylland, Ketil, Jenssen, Bjorn Munro, Levin, Milton, McKinney, Melissa A., Norregaard, Rasmus Dyrmose, Pedersen, Kathrine E., Provencher, Jennifer, Styrishave, Bjarne, Tartu, Sabrina, Aars, Jon, Ackerman, Joshua T., Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu, Barrett, Rob, Bignert, Anders, Borns, Erik W., Branigan, Marsha, Braune, Birgit, Bryan, Colleen E., Dam, Maria, Eagles-Smith, Collin A., Evans, Marlene, Evans, Thomas J., Fisk, Aaron T., Gamberg, Mary, Gustavson, Kim, Hartman, C. Alex, Helander, Bjorn, Herzog, Mark P., Hoekstra, Paul F., Houde, Magali, Hoydal, Katrin, Jackson, Allyson K., Kucklick, John, Lie, Elisabeth, Loseto, Lisa, Mallory, Mark L., Miljeteig, Cecilie, Mosbech, Anders, Muir, Derek C. G., Nielsen, Sanna Tuni, Peacock, Elizabeth, Pedro, Sara, Peterson, Sarah H., Polder, Anuschka, Riget, Frank F., Roach, Pat, Saunes, Halvor, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Skaare, Janneche U., Sondergaard, Jens, Stenson, Garry, Stern, Gary, Treu, Gabriele, Schuur, Stacy S., Vikingsson, Gisli, Dietz, Rune, Letcher, Robert J., Desforges, Jean-Pierre, Eulaers, Igor, Sonne, Christian, Wilson, Simon, Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie, Basu, Niladri, Barst, Benjamin D., Bustnes, Jan Ove, Bytingsvik, Jenny, Ciesielski, Tomasz M., Drevnick, Paul E., Gabrielsen, Geirw., Haarr, Ane, Hylland, Ketil, Jenssen, Bjorn Munro, Levin, Milton, McKinney, Melissa A., Norregaard, Rasmus Dyrmose, Pedersen, Kathrine E., Provencher, Jennifer, Styrishave, Bjarne, Tartu, Sabrina, Aars, Jon, Ackerman, Joshua T., Rosing-Asvid, Aqqalu, Barrett, Rob, Bignert, Anders, Borns, Erik W., Branigan, Marsha, Braune, Birgit, Bryan, Colleen E., Dam, Maria, Eagles-Smith, Collin A., Evans, Marlene, Evans, Thomas J., Fisk, Aaron T., Gamberg, Mary, Gustavson, Kim, Hartman, C. Alex, Helander, Bjorn, Herzog, Mark P., Hoekstra, Paul F., Houde, Magali, Hoydal, Katrin, Jackson, Allyson K., Kucklick, John, Lie, Elisabeth, Loseto, Lisa, Mallory, Mark L., Miljeteig, Cecilie, Mosbech, Anders, Muir, Derek C. G., Nielsen, Sanna Tuni, Peacock, Elizabeth, Pedro, Sara, Peterson, Sarah H., Polder, Anuschka, Riget, Frank F., Roach, Pat, Saunes, Halvor, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Skaare, Janneche U., Sondergaard, Jens, Stenson, Garry, Stern, Gary, Treu, Gabriele, Schuur, Stacy S., and Vikingsson, Gisli
Published: 2019

36. Global phenological insensitivity to shifting ocean temperatures among seabirds

Author: Keogan, Katharine, Daunt, Francis, Wanless, Sarah, Phillips, Richard A., Walling, Craig A., Agnew, Philippa, Ainley, David G., Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Ballard, Grant, Barrett, Robert T., Barton, Kerry J., Bech, Claus, Becker, Peter, Berglund, Per-Arvid, Bollache, Loic, Bond, Alexander L., Bouwhuis, Sandra, Bradley, Russell W., Burr, Zofia M., Camphuysen, Kees, Catry, Paulo, Chiaradia, Andre, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Cuthbert, Richard, Dehnhard, Nina, Descamps, Sebastien, Diamond, Tony, Divoky, George, Drummond, Hugh, Dugger, Katie M., Dunn, Michael J., Emmerson, Louise, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Fort, Jerome, Fraser, William, Genovart, Meritxell, Gilg, Olivier, Gonzalez-Solis, Jacob, Granadeiro, Jose Pedro, Gremillet, David, Hansen, Jannik, Hanssen, Sveinn A., Harris, Mike, Hedd, April, Hinke, Jefferson, Manuel Igual, Jose, Jahncke, Jaime, Jones, Ian, Kappes, Peter J., Lang, Johannes, Langset, Magdalene, Lescroel, Amelie, Lorentsen, Svein-Hakon, Lyver, Phil O'B., Mallory, Mark, Moe, Borge, Montevecchi, William A., Monticelli, David, Mostello, Carolyn, Newell, Mark, Nicholson, Lisa, Nisbet, Ian, Olsson, Olof, Oro, Daniel, Pattison, Vivian, Poisbleau, Maud, Pyk, Tanya, Quintana, Flavio, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raul, Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin, Rodriguez, Cristina, Ryan, Peter, Sanz-Aguilar, Ana, Schmidt, Niels M., Shannon, Paula, Sittler, Benoit, Southwell, Colin, Surman, Christopher, Svagelj, Walter S., Trivelpiece, Wayne, Warzybok, Pete, Watanuki, Yutaka, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wilson, Peter R., Wood, Andrew G., Phillimore, Albert B., Lewis, Sue, Keogan, Katharine, Daunt, Francis, Wanless, Sarah, Phillips, Richard A., Walling, Craig A., Agnew, Philippa, Ainley, David G., Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Ballard, Grant, Barrett, Robert T., Barton, Kerry J., Bech, Claus, Becker, Peter, Berglund, Per-Arvid, Bollache, Loic, Bond, Alexander L., Bouwhuis, Sandra, Bradley, Russell W., Burr, Zofia M., Camphuysen, Kees, Catry, Paulo, Chiaradia, Andre, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Cuthbert, Richard, Dehnhard, Nina, Descamps, Sebastien, Diamond, Tony, Divoky, George, Drummond, Hugh, Dugger, Katie M., Dunn, Michael J., Emmerson, Louise, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Fort, Jerome, Fraser, William, Genovart, Meritxell, Gilg, Olivier, Gonzalez-Solis, Jacob, Granadeiro, Jose Pedro, Gremillet, David, Hansen, Jannik, Hanssen, Sveinn A., Harris, Mike, Hedd, April, Hinke, Jefferson, Manuel Igual, Jose, Jahncke, Jaime, Jones, Ian, Kappes, Peter J., Lang, Johannes, Langset, Magdalene, Lescroel, Amelie, Lorentsen, Svein-Hakon, Lyver, Phil O'B., Mallory, Mark, Moe, Borge, Montevecchi, William A., Monticelli, David, Mostello, Carolyn, Newell, Mark, Nicholson, Lisa, Nisbet, Ian, Olsson, Olof, Oro, Daniel, Pattison, Vivian, Poisbleau, Maud, Pyk, Tanya, Quintana, Flavio, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raul, Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin, Rodriguez, Cristina, Ryan, Peter, Sanz-Aguilar, Ana, Schmidt, Niels M., Shannon, Paula, Sittler, Benoit, Southwell, Colin, Surman, Christopher, Svagelj, Walter S., Trivelpiece, Wayne, Warzybok, Pete, Watanuki, Yutaka, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wilson, Peter R., Wood, Andrew G., Phillimore, Albert B., and Lewis, Sue
Abstract: Reproductive timing in many taxa plays a key role in determining breeding productivity(1), and is often sensitive to climatic conditions(2). Current climate change may alter the timing of breeding at different rates across trophic levels, potentially resulting in temporal mismatch between the resource requirements of predators and their prey(3). This is of particular concern for higher-trophic-level organisms, whose longer generation times confer a lower rate of evolutionary rescue than primary producers or consumers(4). However, the disconnection between studies of ecological change in marine systems makes it difficult to detect general changes in the timing of reproduction(5). Here, we use a comprehensive meta-analysis of 209 phenological time series from 145 breeding populations to show that, on average, seabird populations worldwide have not adjusted their breeding seasons over time (-0.020 days yr(-1)) or in response to sea surface temperature (SST) (-0.272 days degrees C-1) between 1952 and 2015. However, marked between-year variation in timing observed in resident species and some Pelecaniformes and Suliformes (cormorants, gannets and boobies) may imply that timing, in some cases, is affected by unmeasured environmental conditions. This limited temperature-mediated plasticity of reproductive timing in seabirds potentially makes these top predators highly vulnerable to future mismatch with lower-trophic-level resources(2).
Published: 2018
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37. Global phenological insensitivity to shifting ocean temperatures among seabirds

Author: Keogan, Katharine, Daunt, Francis, Wanless, Sarah, Phillips, Richard A., Walling, Craig A., Agnew, Philippa, Ainley, David G., Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Ballard, Grant, Barrett, Robert T., Barton, Kerry J., Bech, Claus, Becker, Peter, Berglund, Per-Arvid, Bollache, Loïc, Bond, Alexander L., Bouwhuis, Sandra, Bradley, Russell W., Burr, Zofia M., Camphuysen, Kees, Catry, Paulo, Chiaradia, Andre, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Cuthbert, Richard, Dehnhard, Nina, Descamps, Sébastien, Diamond, Tony, Divoky, George, Drummond, Hugh, Dugger, Katie M., Dunn, Michael J., Emmerson, Louise, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Fort, Jérôme, Fraser, William, Genovart, Meritxell, Gilg, Olivier, González-Solís, Jacob, Granadeiro, José Pedro, Grémillet, David, Hansen, Jannik, Hanssen, Sveinn A., Harris, Mike, Hedd, April, Hinke, Jefferson, Igual, José Manuel, Jahncke, Jaime, Jones, Ian, Kappes, Peter J., Lang, Johannes, Langset, Magdalene, Lescroël, Amélie, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Lyver, Phil O’B., Mallory, Mark, Moe, Børge, Montevecchi, William A., Monticelli, David, Mostello, Carolyn, Newell, Mark, Nicholson, Lisa, Nisbet, Ian, Olsson, Olof, Oro, Daniel, Pattison, Vivian, Poisbleau, Maud, Pyk, Tanya, Quintana, Flavio, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raül, Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin, Rodríguez, Cristina, Ryan, Peter, Sanz-Aguilar, Ana, Schmidt, Niels M., Shannon, Paula, Sittler, Benoit, Southwell, Colin, Surman, Christopher, Svagelj, Walter S., Trivelpiece, Wayne, Warzybok, Pete, Watanuki, Yutaka, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wilson, Peter R., Wood, Andrew G., Phillimore, Albert B., Lewis, Sue, Keogan, Katharine, Daunt, Francis, Wanless, Sarah, Phillips, Richard A., Walling, Craig A., Agnew, Philippa, Ainley, David G., Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Ballard, Grant, Barrett, Robert T., Barton, Kerry J., Bech, Claus, Becker, Peter, Berglund, Per-Arvid, Bollache, Loïc, Bond, Alexander L., Bouwhuis, Sandra, Bradley, Russell W., Burr, Zofia M., Camphuysen, Kees, Catry, Paulo, Chiaradia, Andre, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Cuthbert, Richard, Dehnhard, Nina, Descamps, Sébastien, Diamond, Tony, Divoky, George, Drummond, Hugh, Dugger, Katie M., Dunn, Michael J., Emmerson, Louise, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Fort, Jérôme, Fraser, William, Genovart, Meritxell, Gilg, Olivier, González-Solís, Jacob, Granadeiro, José Pedro, Grémillet, David, Hansen, Jannik, Hanssen, Sveinn A., Harris, Mike, Hedd, April, Hinke, Jefferson, Igual, José Manuel, Jahncke, Jaime, Jones, Ian, Kappes, Peter J., Lang, Johannes, Langset, Magdalene, Lescroël, Amélie, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Lyver, Phil O’B., Mallory, Mark, Moe, Børge, Montevecchi, William A., Monticelli, David, Mostello, Carolyn, Newell, Mark, Nicholson, Lisa, Nisbet, Ian, Olsson, Olof, Oro, Daniel, Pattison, Vivian, Poisbleau, Maud, Pyk, Tanya, Quintana, Flavio, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raül, Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin, Rodríguez, Cristina, Ryan, Peter, Sanz-Aguilar, Ana, Schmidt, Niels M., Shannon, Paula, Sittler, Benoit, Southwell, Colin, Surman, Christopher, Svagelj, Walter S., Trivelpiece, Wayne, Warzybok, Pete, Watanuki, Yutaka, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wilson, Peter R., Wood, Andrew G., Phillimore, Albert B., and Lewis, Sue
Abstract: Reproductive timing in many taxa plays a key role in determining breeding productivity and is often sensitive to climatic conditions. Current climate change may alter the timing of breeding at different rates across trophic levels, potentially resulting in temporal mismatch between the resource requirements of predators and their prey. This is of particular concern for higher-trophic-level organisms, whose longer generation times confer a lower rate of evolutionary rescue than primary producers or consumers. However, the disconnection between studies of ecological change in marine systems makes it difficult to detect general changes in the timing of reproduction. Here, we use a comprehensive meta-analysis of 209 phenological time series from 145 breeding populations to show that, on average, seabird populations worldwide have not adjusted their breeding seasons over time (−0.020 days yr−1) or in response to sea surface temperature (SST) (−0.272 days °C−1) between 1952 and 2015. However, marked between-year variation in timing observed in resident species and some Pelecaniformes and Suliformes (cormorants, gannets and boobies) may imply that timing, in some cases, is affected by unmeasured environmental conditions. This limited temperature-mediated plasticity of reproductive timing in seabirds potentially makes these top predators highly vulnerable to future mismatch with lower-trophic-level resources.
Published: 2018

38. Global phenological insensitivity to shifting ocean temperatures among seabirds

Author: Keogan, Katharine, Daunt, Francis, Wanless, Sarah, Phillips, Richard A., Walling, Craig A., Agnew, Philippa, Ainley, David G., Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Ballard, Grant, Barrett, Robert T., Barton, Kerry J., Bech, Claus, Becker, Peter, Berglund, Per-Arvid, Bollache, Loïc, Bond, Alexander L., Bouwhuis, Sandra, Bradley, Russell W., Burr, Zofia M., Camphuysen, Kees, Catry, Paulo, Chiaradia, Andre, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Cuthbert, Richard, Dehnhard, Nina, Descamps, Sébastien, Diamond, Tony, Divoky, George, Drummond, Hugh, Dugger, Katie M., Dunn, Michael J., Emmerson, Louise, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Fort, Jérôme, Fraser, William, Genovart, Meritxell, Gilg, Olivier, González-Solís, Jacob, Granadeiro, José Pedro, Grémillet, David, Hansen, Jannik, Hanssen, Sveinn A., Harris, Mike, Hedd, April, Hinke, Jefferson, Igual, José Manuel, Jahncke, Jaime, Jones, Ian, Kappes, Peter J., Lang, Johannes, Langset, Magdalene, Lescroël, Amélie, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Lyver, Phil O’B., Mallory, Mark, Moe, Børge, Montevecchi, William A., Monticelli, David, Mostello, Carolyn, Newell, Mark, Nicholson, Lisa, Nisbet, Ian, Olsson, Olof, Oro, Daniel, Pattison, Vivian, Poisbleau, Maud, Pyk, Tanya, Quintana, Flavio, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raül, Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin, Rodríguez, Cristina, Ryan, Peter, Sanz-Aguilar, Ana, Schmidt, Niels M., Shannon, Paula, Sittler, Benoit, Southwell, Colin, Surman, Christopher, Svagelj, Walter S., Trivelpiece, Wayne, Warzybok, Pete, Watanuki, Yutaka, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wilson, Peter R., Wood, Andrew G., Phillimore, Albert B., Lewis, Sue, Keogan, Katharine, Daunt, Francis, Wanless, Sarah, Phillips, Richard A., Walling, Craig A., Agnew, Philippa, Ainley, David G., Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Ballard, Grant, Barrett, Robert T., Barton, Kerry J., Bech, Claus, Becker, Peter, Berglund, Per-Arvid, Bollache, Loïc, Bond, Alexander L., Bouwhuis, Sandra, Bradley, Russell W., Burr, Zofia M., Camphuysen, Kees, Catry, Paulo, Chiaradia, Andre, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Cuthbert, Richard, Dehnhard, Nina, Descamps, Sébastien, Diamond, Tony, Divoky, George, Drummond, Hugh, Dugger, Katie M., Dunn, Michael J., Emmerson, Louise, Erikstad, Kjell Einar, Fort, Jérôme, Fraser, William, Genovart, Meritxell, Gilg, Olivier, González-Solís, Jacob, Granadeiro, José Pedro, Grémillet, David, Hansen, Jannik, Hanssen, Sveinn A., Harris, Mike, Hedd, April, Hinke, Jefferson, Igual, José Manuel, Jahncke, Jaime, Jones, Ian, Kappes, Peter J., Lang, Johannes, Langset, Magdalene, Lescroël, Amélie, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Lyver, Phil O’B., Mallory, Mark, Moe, Børge, Montevecchi, William A., Monticelli, David, Mostello, Carolyn, Newell, Mark, Nicholson, Lisa, Nisbet, Ian, Olsson, Olof, Oro, Daniel, Pattison, Vivian, Poisbleau, Maud, Pyk, Tanya, Quintana, Flavio, Ramos, Jaime A., Ramos, Raül, Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin, Rodríguez, Cristina, Ryan, Peter, Sanz-Aguilar, Ana, Schmidt, Niels M., Shannon, Paula, Sittler, Benoit, Southwell, Colin, Surman, Christopher, Svagelj, Walter S., Trivelpiece, Wayne, Warzybok, Pete, Watanuki, Yutaka, Weimerskirch, Henri, Wilson, Peter R., Wood, Andrew G., Phillimore, Albert B., and Lewis, Sue
Abstract: Reproductive timing in many taxa plays a key role in determining breeding productivity and is often sensitive to climatic conditions. Current climate change may alter the timing of breeding at different rates across trophic levels, potentially resulting in temporal mismatch between the resource requirements of predators and their prey. This is of particular concern for higher-trophic-level organisms, whose longer generation times confer a lower rate of evolutionary rescue than primary producers or consumers. However, the disconnection between studies of ecological change in marine systems makes it difficult to detect general changes in the timing of reproduction. Here, we use a comprehensive meta-analysis of 209 phenological time series from 145 breeding populations to show that, on average, seabird populations worldwide have not adjusted their breeding seasons over time (−0.020 days yr−1) or in response to sea surface temperature (SST) (−0.272 days °C−1) between 1952 and 2015. However, marked between-year variation in timing observed in resident species and some Pelecaniformes and Suliformes (cormorants, gannets and boobies) may imply that timing, in some cases, is affected by unmeasured environmental conditions. This limited temperature-mediated plasticity of reproductive timing in seabirds potentially makes these top predators highly vulnerable to future mismatch with lower-trophic-level resources.
Published: 2018

39. Quantifying ingested debris in marine megafauna: a review and recommendations for standardization

Author: Provencher, Jennifer F., Bond, Alexander L., Avery-gomm, Stephanie, Borrelle, Stephanie B., Bravo Rebolledo, Elisa L., Hammer, Sjúrður, Kühn, Suse, Lavers, Jennifer L., Mallory, Mark L., Trevail, Alice, van Franeker, Jan A., Provencher, Jennifer F., Bond, Alexander L., Avery-gomm, Stephanie, Borrelle, Stephanie B., Bravo Rebolledo, Elisa L., Hammer, Sjúrður, Kühn, Suse, Lavers, Jennifer L., Mallory, Mark L., Trevail, Alice, and van Franeker, Jan A.
Abstract: Plastic pollution has become one of the largest environmental challenges we currently face. The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) has listed it as a critical problem, comparable to climate change, demonstrating both the scale and degree of the environmental problem. Mortalities due to entanglementin plastic fishing nets and bags have been reported for marine mammals, turtles and seabirds, and to date over 690 marine species have been reported to ingest plastics. The body of literature documenting plastic ingestion by marine megafauna (i.e. seabirds, turtles, fish and marine mammals) has grown rapidly over the last decade, and it is expected to continue grow as researchers explore the ecological impacts of marine pollution. Unfortunately, a cohesive approach by the scientific community to quantify plastic ingestion by wildlife is lacking, which is now hindering spatial and temporal comparisons between and among species/ organisms. Here, we discuss and propose standardized techniques, approaches and metrics for reporting debris ingestion that are applicable to most large marine vertebrates. As a case study, we examine how the use of standardized methods to report ingested debris in Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) has enabled long term and spatial trends in plastic pollution to be studied. Lastly, we outline standardized metric recommendations for reporting ingested plastics in marine megafauna, with the aim to harmonize the datathat are available to facilitate large-scale comparisons and meta-analyses of plastic accumulation in a variety of taxa. If standardized methods are adopted, future plastic ingestion research will be better able to inform questions related to the impacts of plastics across taxonomic, ecosystem and spatial scales.
Published: 2017

40. Living on the edge of a shrinking habitat: the ivory gull, Pagophila eburnea , an endangered sea-ice specialist

Author: Gilg, Olivier, Istomina, Larysa, Heygster, Georg, Strøm, Hallvard, Gavrilo, Maria V., Mallory, Mark L., Gilchrist, Grant, Aebischer, Adrian, Sabard, Brigitte, Huntemann, Marcus, Mosbech, Anders, Yannic, Glenn, Gilg, Olivier, Istomina, Larysa, Heygster, Georg, Strøm, Hallvard, Gavrilo, Maria V., Mallory, Mark L., Gilchrist, Grant, Aebischer, Adrian, Sabard, Brigitte, Huntemann, Marcus, Mosbech, Anders, and Yannic, Glenn
Published: 2016

41. Living on the edge of a shrinking habitat: the ivory gull, Pagophila eburnea , an endangered sea-ice specialist

Author: Gilg, Olivier, Istomina, Larysa, Heygster, Georg, Strøm, Hallvard, Gavrilo, Maria V., Mallory, Mark L., Gilchrist, Grant, Aebischer, Adrian, Sabard, Brigitte, Huntemann, Marcus, Mosbech, Anders, Yannic, Glenn, Gilg, Olivier, Istomina, Larysa, Heygster, Georg, Strøm, Hallvard, Gavrilo, Maria V., Mallory, Mark L., Gilchrist, Grant, Aebischer, Adrian, Sabard, Brigitte, Huntemann, Marcus, Mosbech, Anders, and Yannic, Glenn
Published: 2016

42. Multicolony tracking reveals the winter distribution of a pelagic seabird on an ocean basin scale

Author: Frederiksen, Morten, Moe, Børge, Daunt, Francis, Phillips, Richard A., Barrett, Robert T., Bogdanova, Maria I., Boulinier, Thierry, Chardine, John W., Chastel, Olivier, Chivers, Lorraine S., Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Clément-Chastel, Céline, Colhoun, Kendrew, Freeman, Robin, Gaston, Anthony J., González-Solís, Jacob, Goutte, Aurélie, Grémillet, David, Guilford, Tim, Jensen, Gitte H., Krasnov, Yuri, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Mallory, Mark L., Newell, Mark, Olsen, Bergur, Shaw, Deryk, Steen, Harald, Strøm, Hallvard, Systad, Geir H., Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Frederiksen, Morten, Moe, Børge, Daunt, Francis, Phillips, Richard A., Barrett, Robert T., Bogdanova, Maria I., Boulinier, Thierry, Chardine, John W., Chastel, Olivier, Chivers, Lorraine S., Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Clément-Chastel, Céline, Colhoun, Kendrew, Freeman, Robin, Gaston, Anthony J., González-Solís, Jacob, Goutte, Aurélie, Grémillet, David, Guilford, Tim, Jensen, Gitte H., Krasnov, Yuri, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Mallory, Mark L., Newell, Mark, Olsen, Bergur, Shaw, Deryk, Steen, Harald, Strøm, Hallvard, Systad, Geir H., Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., and Anker-Nilssen, Tycho
Abstract: Aim: An understanding of the non-breeding distribution and ecology of migratory species is necessary for successful conservation. Many seabirds spend the non-breeding season far from land, and information on their distribution during this time is very limited. The black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla, is a widespread and numerous seabird in the North Atlantic and Pacific, but breeding populations throughout the Atlantic range have declined recently. To help understand the reasons for the declines, we tracked adults from colonies throughout the Atlantic range over the non-breeding season using light-based geolocation. Location: North Atlantic. Methods: Geolocation data loggers were deployed on breeding kittiwakes from 19 colonies in 2008 and 2009 and retrieved in 2009 and 2010. Data from 236 loggers were processed and plotted using GIS. Size and composition of wintering populations were estimated using information on breeding population size. Results: Most tracked birds spent the winter in the West Atlantic, between Newfoundland and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, including in offshore, deep-water areas. Some birds (mainly local breeders) wintered in the North Sea and west of the British Isles. There was a large overlap in winter distributions of birds from different colonies, and colonies closer to each other showed larger overlap. We estimated that 80% of the 4.5 million adult kittiwakes in the Atlantic wintered west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, with only birds from Ireland and western Britain staying mainly on the European side. Main conclusions: The high degree of mixing in winter of kittiwakes breeding in various parts of the Atlantic range implies that the overall population could be sensitive to potentially deteriorating environmental conditions in the West Atlantic, e.g. owing to lack of food or pollution. Our approach to estimating the size and composition of wintering populations should contribute to improved management of birds faced with such challenges.
Published: 2012

43. Multicolony tracking reveals the winter distribution of a pelagic seabird on an ocean basin scale

Author: Frederiksen, Morten, Moe, Børge, Daunt, Francis, Phillips, Richard A., Barrett, Robert T., Bogdanova, Maria I., Boulinier, Thierry, Chardine, John W., Chastel, Olivier, Chivers, Lorraine S., Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Clément-Chastel, Céline, Colhoun, Kendrew, Freeman, Robin, Gaston, Anthony J., González-Solís, Jacob, Goutte, Aurélie, Grémillet, David, Guilford, Tim, Jensen, Gitte H., Krasnov, Yuri, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Mallory, Mark L., Newell, Mark, Olsen, Bergur, Shaw, Deryk, Steen, Harald, Strøm, Hallvard, Systad, Geir H., Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Frederiksen, Morten, Moe, Børge, Daunt, Francis, Phillips, Richard A., Barrett, Robert T., Bogdanova, Maria I., Boulinier, Thierry, Chardine, John W., Chastel, Olivier, Chivers, Lorraine S., Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Clément-Chastel, Céline, Colhoun, Kendrew, Freeman, Robin, Gaston, Anthony J., González-Solís, Jacob, Goutte, Aurélie, Grémillet, David, Guilford, Tim, Jensen, Gitte H., Krasnov, Yuri, Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon, Mallory, Mark L., Newell, Mark, Olsen, Bergur, Shaw, Deryk, Steen, Harald, Strøm, Hallvard, Systad, Geir H., Thórarinsson, Thorkell L., and Anker-Nilssen, Tycho
Abstract: Aim: An understanding of the non-breeding distribution and ecology of migratory species is necessary for successful conservation. Many seabirds spend the non-breeding season far from land, and information on their distribution during this time is very limited. The black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla, is a widespread and numerous seabird in the North Atlantic and Pacific, but breeding populations throughout the Atlantic range have declined recently. To help understand the reasons for the declines, we tracked adults from colonies throughout the Atlantic range over the non-breeding season using light-based geolocation. Location: North Atlantic. Methods: Geolocation data loggers were deployed on breeding kittiwakes from 19 colonies in 2008 and 2009 and retrieved in 2009 and 2010. Data from 236 loggers were processed and plotted using GIS. Size and composition of wintering populations were estimated using information on breeding population size. Results: Most tracked birds spent the winter in the West Atlantic, between Newfoundland and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, including in offshore, deep-water areas. Some birds (mainly local breeders) wintered in the North Sea and west of the British Isles. There was a large overlap in winter distributions of birds from different colonies, and colonies closer to each other showed larger overlap. We estimated that 80% of the 4.5 million adult kittiwakes in the Atlantic wintered west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, with only birds from Ireland and western Britain staying mainly on the European side. Main conclusions: The high degree of mixing in winter of kittiwakes breeding in various parts of the Atlantic range implies that the overall population could be sensitive to potentially deteriorating environmental conditions in the West Atlantic, e.g. owing to lack of food or pollution. Our approach to estimating the size and composition of wintering populations should contribute to improved management of birds faced with such challenges.
Published: 2012

44. Movements and wintering areas of breeding age Thick-billed Murre Uria lomvia from two colonies in Nunavut, Canada

Author: Gaston, Anthony J., Smith, Paul A., Tranquilla, Laura McFarlane, Montevecchi, William A., Fifield, David A., Gilchrist, H. Grant, Hedd, April, Mallory, Mark L., Robertson, Gregory J., Phillips, Richard A., Gaston, Anthony J., Smith, Paul A., Tranquilla, Laura McFarlane, Montevecchi, William A., Fifield, David A., Gilchrist, H. Grant, Hedd, April, Mallory, Mark L., Robertson, Gregory J., and Phillips, Richard A.
Abstract: The non-breeding movements of marine birds were poorly known until recently, but this information is essential to understanding the risk to different geographical populations from events on the wintering grounds. We tracked the migration routes and wintering areas of Thick-billed Murre Uria lomvia from two breeding colonies in eastern Canada: Coats Island in northern Hudson Bay and The Minarets, Baffin Island, during the period August 2007-May 2008 using geolocation loggers. Birds from The Minarets moved south rapidly post-breeding and wintered principally off Newfoundland and southern Labrador, or between Newfoundland and southern Greenland, remaining south of 55A degrees N until at least the spring equinox. Those from Coats Island remained in Hudson Bay until at least mid-November, after which they moved rapidly through Hudson Strait to winter in southern Davis Strait and the northern Labrador Sea, mostly north of 55A degrees N. Many individuals stayed throughout the winter in areas of heavy ice cover. Adults from the two colonies appear to be completely segregated in winter and those from Coats Island probably did not enter the area of the winter hunt in Newfoundland. Unexpectedly, some birds from The Minarets wintered in waters beyond the continental slope and outside the distribution of pack ice, demonstrating that particular individuals can be wholly pelagic throughout the winter. Coats Island birds returned through Hudson Strait as soon as open water areas became available in spring. Their sojourn in Hudson Bay coincided very closely with the occurrence of areas with < 90% ice cover. In spite of the relatively large error in positions obtained from geolocation loggers, our results demonstrated the value of these devices by uncovering a number of previously unknown aspects of Thick-billed Murre non-breeding ecology in the Northwest Atlantic. Comparison of the non-breeding ecology based on SST experienced in winter show that the winter niche is broader than hit
Published: 2011

45. Movements and wintering areas of breeding age Thick-billed Murre Uria lomvia from two colonies in Nunavut, Canada

Author: Gaston, Anthony J., Smith, Paul A., Tranquilla, Laura McFarlane, Montevecchi, William A., Fifield, David A., Gilchrist, H. Grant, Hedd, April, Mallory, Mark L., Robertson, Gregory J., Phillips, Richard A., Gaston, Anthony J., Smith, Paul A., Tranquilla, Laura McFarlane, Montevecchi, William A., Fifield, David A., Gilchrist, H. Grant, Hedd, April, Mallory, Mark L., Robertson, Gregory J., and Phillips, Richard A.
Abstract: The non-breeding movements of marine birds were poorly known until recently, but this information is essential to understanding the risk to different geographical populations from events on the wintering grounds. We tracked the migration routes and wintering areas of Thick-billed Murre Uria lomvia from two breeding colonies in eastern Canada: Coats Island in northern Hudson Bay and The Minarets, Baffin Island, during the period August 2007-May 2008 using geolocation loggers. Birds from The Minarets moved south rapidly post-breeding and wintered principally off Newfoundland and southern Labrador, or between Newfoundland and southern Greenland, remaining south of 55A degrees N until at least the spring equinox. Those from Coats Island remained in Hudson Bay until at least mid-November, after which they moved rapidly through Hudson Strait to winter in southern Davis Strait and the northern Labrador Sea, mostly north of 55A degrees N. Many individuals stayed throughout the winter in areas of heavy ice cover. Adults from the two colonies appear to be completely segregated in winter and those from Coats Island probably did not enter the area of the winter hunt in Newfoundland. Unexpectedly, some birds from The Minarets wintered in waters beyond the continental slope and outside the distribution of pack ice, demonstrating that particular individuals can be wholly pelagic throughout the winter. Coats Island birds returned through Hudson Strait as soon as open water areas became available in spring. Their sojourn in Hudson Bay coincided very closely with the occurrence of areas with < 90% ice cover. In spite of the relatively large error in positions obtained from geolocation loggers, our results demonstrated the value of these devices by uncovering a number of previously unknown aspects of Thick-billed Murre non-breeding ecology in the Northwest Atlantic. Comparison of the non-breeding ecology based on SST experienced in winter show that the winter niche is broader than hit
Published: 2011

46. VH3D/6ON Electromagnetic Pulse Hardness Assurance, Maintenance, and Surveillance Program.

Author: NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER AIRCRAFT DIV PATUXENT RIVER MD, Mallory, Mark, Frazier, Sam, NAVAL AIR WARFARE CENTER AIRCRAFT DIV PATUXENT RIVER MD, Mallory, Mark, and Frazier, Sam
Abstract: This report discusses the Hardness Assurance, Maintenance, and Surveillance (HAMS) program. It includes system level tests, aircraft MODs, field surveillance tests, VH HAMS databases and program milestones and responsibilities.
Published: 1996

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