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Throughout the world, high-quality, timely and relevant data are key to inform actions that promote better access to food and improved nutrition. • Despite the abundant and growing availability of data and information relevant to food security and nutrition, often policymakers are not aware of the existence and relevance of such data or do not use them appropriately, due to challenges at each step of the data cycle, which includes: defining priorities and data needs; reviewing, consolidating, collecting and curating data; analyzing the data using appropriate tools; translating data into relevant insights to be disseminated and discussed; and, finally, using data for decision-making. • Fundamental data gaps still exist to correctly guide action and inform policymaking, especially in terms of timely and sufficiently granular data on people’s ability to locally produce and access food, on their actual food and nutrient consumption, and on their nutritional status. Increased and sustained financial investment is needed to overcome these gaps. • Several other constraints limit the effectiveness of data-informed policy action, especially in low-resource countries. Key among them is the low level of data literacy and analysis skills (for both qualitative and quantitative data) on the part of data and information users at all levels – from data collectors and analysts, to decision-makers, and to the people, as the ultimate beneficiaries of food security and nutrition policies. • The complexity of the system of public and private actors and institutions involved in food security and nutrition data, coupled with the rapidly changing characteristics of today’s data ecosystems due to the digital revolution and the pervasiveness of the internet, brings to centre stage the need for global coordination to improve data governance. Particularly urgent is the need to reach agreement on the nature of FSN data and information as a public good, and, on that basis, to establish a global

Throughout the world, high-quality, timely and relevant data are key to inform actions that promote better access to food and improved nutrition. • Despite the abundant and growing availability of data and information relevant to food security and nutrition, often policymakers are not aware of the existence and relevance of such data or do not use them appropriately, due to challenges at each step of the data cycle, which includes: defining priorities and data needs; reviewing, consolidating, collecting and curating data; analyzing the data using appropriate tools; translating data into relevant insights to be disseminated and discussed; and, finally, using data for decision-making. • Fundamental data gaps still exist to correctly guide action and inform policymaking, especially in terms of timely and sufficiently granular data on people’s ability to locally produce and access food, on their actual food and nutrient consumption, and on their nutritional status. Increased and sustained financial investment is needed to overcome these gaps. • Several other constraints limit the effectiveness of data-informed policy action, especially in low-resource countries. Key among them is the low level of data literacy and analysis skills (for both qualitative and quantitative data) on the part of data and information users at all levels – from data collectors and analysts, to decision-makers, and to the people, as the ultimate beneficiaries of food security and nutrition policies. • The complexity of the system of public and private actors and institutions involved in food security and nutrition data, coupled with the rapidly changing characteristics of today’s data ecosystems due to the digital revolution and the pervasiveness of the internet, brings to centre stage the need for global coordination to improve data governance. Particularly urgent is the need to reach agreement on the nature of FSN data and information as a public good, and, on that basis, to establish a global

Throughout the world, high-quality, timely and relevant data are key to inform actions that promote better access to food and improved nutrition. • Despite the abundant and growing availability of data and information relevant to food security and nutrition, often policymakers are not aware of the existence and relevance of such data or do not use them appropriately, due to challenges at each step of the data cycle, which includes: defining priorities and data needs; reviewing, consolidating, collecting and curating data; analyzing the data using appropriate tools; translating data into relevant insights to be disseminated and discussed; and, finally, using data for decision-making. • Fundamental data gaps still exist to correctly guide action and inform policymaking, especially in terms of timely and sufficiently granular data on people’s ability to locally produce and access food, on their actual food and nutrient consumption, and on their nutritional status. Increased and sustained financial investment is needed to overcome these gaps. • Several other constraints limit the effectiveness of data-informed policy action, especially in low-resource countries. Key among them is the low level of data literacy and analysis skills (for both qualitative and quantitative data) on the part of data and information users at all levels – from data collectors and analysts, to decision-makers, and to the people, as the ultimate beneficiaries of food security and nutrition policies. • The complexity of the system of public and private actors and institutions involved in food security and nutrition data, coupled with the rapidly changing characteristics of today’s data ecosystems due to the digital revolution and the pervasiveness of the internet, brings to centre stage the need for global coordination to improve data governance. Particularly urgent is the need to reach agreement on the nature of FSN data and information as a public good, and, on that basis, to establish a global

Throughout the world, high-quality, timely and relevant data are key to inform actions that promote better access to food and improved nutrition. • Despite the abundant and growing availability of data and information relevant to food security and nutrition, often policymakers are not aware of the existence and relevance of such data or do not use them appropriately, due to challenges at each step of the data cycle, which includes: defining priorities and data needs; reviewing, consolidating, collecting and curating data; analyzing the data using appropriate tools; translating data into relevant insights to be disseminated and discussed; and, finally, using data for decision-making. • Fundamental data gaps still exist to correctly guide action and inform policymaking, especially in terms of timely and sufficiently granular data on people’s ability to locally produce and access food, on their actual food and nutrient consumption, and on their nutritional status. Increased and sustained financial investment is needed to overcome these gaps. • Several other constraints limit the effectiveness of data-informed policy action, especially in low-resource countries. Key among them is the low level of data literacy and analysis skills (for both qualitative and quantitative data) on the part of data and information users at all levels – from data collectors and analysts, to decision-makers, and to the people, as the ultimate beneficiaries of food security and nutrition policies. • The complexity of the system of public and private actors and institutions involved in food security and nutrition data, coupled with the rapidly changing characteristics of today’s data ecosystems due to the digital revolution and the pervasiveness of the internet, brings to centre stage the need for global coordination to improve data governance. Particularly urgent is the need to reach agreement on the nature of FSN data and information as a public good, and, on that basis, to establish a global

Background: Knowledge about vitamin D intake in Norwegian postpartum women is scarce and the vitamin D status in this population group has not been assessed. In addition, research on vitamin D status of Norwegian infants is limited and the impact of different feeding practices on infant vitamin D status has not been evaluated. Objective: To assess maternal and infant vitamin D status 6 months post partum and evaluate the significance of different vitamin D sources in these population groups. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 59 mothers and 42 infants was performed at 6 months post partum in a county near Bergen, Norway (60°N). Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels was measured by LC-MS/MS. Maternal seafood consumption and other dietary and lifestyle habits were assessed by a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and infant dietary data were collected through a combination of a 24-hour dietary recall interview and a interviewer administered FFQ. Results: Maternal mean serum 25(OH)D levels was 51 ±21 nmol/l (n=23) in the winter season and 72±24 nmol/l (n=35) in the summer season. Vitamin D insufficiency (< 50 nmol/L) was found in 50 % of the mothers in the winter season compared to 11 % in the summer season. In the winter season there was a tendency to higher maternal serum 25(OH)D levels in vitamin D supplement users (p=0.059) and there was a negative correlation between BMI and maternal vitamin D status (r = -0.559, n = 21, p = 0.008). Infant mean serum 25(OH)D level was 82±28 nmol/l and 88 % had sufficient vitamin D status. There was a positive correlation between maternal and breastfed infant vitamin D status (r = 0.75, n=23, p < 0.0001). Infants with insufficient vitamin D status (n=5) were mainly breastfed and none of them received daily vitamin D supplement. Conclusion: At the latitude of Bergen, postpartum women constitute a risk group for vitamin D insufficiency in the winter season, particularly when BMI is ab

Background: Knowledge about vitamin D intake in Norwegian postpartum women is scarce and the vitamin D status in this population group has not been assessed. In addition, research on vitamin D status of Norwegian infants is limited and the impact of different feeding practices on infant vitamin D status has not been evaluated. Objective: To assess maternal and infant vitamin D status 6 months post partum and evaluate the significance of different vitamin D sources in these population groups. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 59 mothers and 42 infants was performed at 6 months post partum in a county near Bergen, Norway (60°N). Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels was measured by LC-MS/MS. Maternal seafood consumption and other dietary and lifestyle habits were assessed by a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and infant dietary data were collected through a combination of a 24-hour dietary recall interview and a interviewer administered FFQ. Results: Maternal mean serum 25(OH)D levels was 51 ±21 nmol/l (n=23) in the winter season and 72±24 nmol/l (n=35) in the summer season. Vitamin D insufficiency (< 50 nmol/L) was found in 50 % of the mothers in the winter season compared to 11 % in the summer season. In the winter season there was a tendency to higher maternal serum 25(OH)D levels in vitamin D supplement users (p=0.059) and there was a negative correlation between BMI and maternal vitamin D status (r = -0.559, n = 21, p = 0.008). Infant mean serum 25(OH)D level was 82±28 nmol/l and 88 % had sufficient vitamin D status. There was a positive correlation between maternal and breastfed infant vitamin D status (r = 0.75, n=23, p < 0.0001). Infants with insufficient vitamin D status (n=5) were mainly breastfed and none of them received daily vitamin D supplement. Conclusion: At the latitude of Bergen, postpartum women constitute a risk group for vitamin D insufficiency in the winter season, particularly when BMI is ab

Background: Knowledge about vitamin D intake in Norwegian postpartum women is scarce and the vitamin D status in this population group has not been assessed. In addition, research on vitamin D status of Norwegian infants is limited and the impact of different feeding practices on infant vitamin D status has not been evaluated. Objective: To assess maternal and infant vitamin D status 6 months post partum and evaluate the significance of different vitamin D sources in these population groups. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 59 mothers and 42 infants was performed at 6 months post partum in a county near Bergen, Norway (60°N). Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels was measured by LC-MS/MS. Maternal seafood consumption and other dietary and lifestyle habits were assessed by a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and infant dietary data were collected through a combination of a 24-hour dietary recall interview and a interviewer administered FFQ. Results: Maternal mean serum 25(OH)D levels was 51 ±21 nmol/l (n=23) in the winter season and 72±24 nmol/l (n=35) in the summer season. Vitamin D insufficiency (< 50 nmol/L) was found in 50 % of the mothers in the winter season compared to 11 % in the summer season. In the winter season there was a tendency to higher maternal serum 25(OH)D levels in vitamin D supplement users (p=0.059) and there was a negative correlation between BMI and maternal vitamin D status (r = -0.559, n = 21, p = 0.008). Infant mean serum 25(OH)D level was 82±28 nmol/l and 88 % had sufficient vitamin D status. There was a positive correlation between maternal and breastfed infant vitamin D status (r = 0.75, n=23, p < 0.0001). Infants with insufficient vitamin D status (n=5) were mainly breastfed and none of them received daily vitamin D supplement. Conclusion: At the latitude of Bergen, postpartum women constitute a risk group for vitamin D insufficiency in the winter season, particularly when BMI is ab

Background: Knowledge about vitamin D intake in Norwegian postpartum women is scarce and the vitamin D status in this population group has not been assessed. In addition, research on vitamin D status of Norwegian infants is limited and the impact of different feeding practices on infant vitamin D status has not been evaluated. Objective: To assess maternal and infant vitamin D status 6 months post partum and evaluate the significance of different vitamin D sources in these population groups. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 59 mothers and 42 infants was performed at 6 months post partum in a county near Bergen, Norway (60°N). Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels was measured by LC-MS/MS. Maternal seafood consumption and other dietary and lifestyle habits were assessed by a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and infant dietary data were collected through a combination of a 24-hour dietary recall interview and a interviewer administered FFQ. Results: Maternal mean serum 25(OH)D levels was 51 ±21 nmol/l (n=23) in the winter season and 72±24 nmol/l (n=35) in the summer season. Vitamin D insufficiency (< 50 nmol/L) was found in 50 % of the mothers in the winter season compared to 11 % in the summer season. In the winter season there was a tendency to higher maternal serum 25(OH)D levels in vitamin D supplement users (p=0.059) and there was a negative correlation between BMI and maternal vitamin D status (r = -0.559, n = 21, p = 0.008). Infant mean serum 25(OH)D level was 82±28 nmol/l and 88 % had sufficient vitamin D status. There was a positive correlation between maternal and breastfed infant vitamin D status (r = 0.75, n=23, p < 0.0001). Infants with insufficient vitamin D status (n=5) were mainly breastfed and none of them received daily vitamin D supplement. Conclusion: At the latitude of Bergen, postpartum women constitute a risk group for vitamin D insufficiency in the winter season, particularly when BMI is ab