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Eutrophic conditions in estuaries are a globally important stressor to coastal ecosystems and have been suggested as a driver of coastal salt marsh loss. Potential mechanisms in marshes include disturbance caused by macroalgae accumulations, enhanced soil sulfide levels linked to high labile carbon inputs, accelerated decomposition, and declines in belowground biomass that contribute to edge instability, erosion, and slumping. However, results of fertilization studies have been mixed, and it is unclear the extent to which local environmental conditions, such as soil composition and nutrient profiles, help shape the response of salt marshes to nutrient exposure. In this study, we characterized belowground productivity and decomposition, organic matter mineralization rates, soil respiration, microbial biomass, soil humification, carbon and nitrogen inventories, nitrogen isotope ratios, and porewater profiles at high and low marsh elevations across eight marshes in four estuaries in California and New York that have strong contrasts in nutrient inputs. The higher nutrient load marshes were characterized by faster carbon turnover, with higher belowground production and decomposition and greater carbon dioxide efflux than lower nutrient load marshes. These patterns were robust across marshes of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts that varied in plant species composition, soil flooding patterns, and soil texture. Although impacts of eutrophic conditions on carbon cycling appeared clear, it was ambiguous whether high nutrient loads are causing negative effects on long-term marsh sustainability in terms of studied metrics. While high nutrient exposure marshes had high rates of decomposition and soil respiration rates, high nutrient exposure was also associated with increased belowground production, and reduced levels of sulfides, which should lead to greater marsh sustainability. While this study does not resolve the extent to which nutrient loads are negatively affecting these

The pamphlet outlines some specific means by which vocational educators can contribute more to the goals of career education than just the education of students for occupations. The bulk of the pamphlet comprises lists of suggestions designed to help educators to: help students develop self awareness and positive attitudes toward self; help students develop occupational awareness and positive attitudes toward work; provide exploratory work experience; provide job preparation at both high school and post-high school levels; provide career guidance, decision-making experiences, and placement and follow-up services; and contribute to the growth and development of the entire school staff by their concern with their own professional growth and development. (Author/PR)

The goal of this thesis is connecting the ideas of Adaptive Case Management (ACM) with the incident management (IM) process in data centers and implementing a proof-of-concept prototype built on the so established theoretical foundation. To this end, an ACM-based approach for supporting the IM process in data centers was conceived and implemented as addition to the service desk of a productive SAP Solution Manager installation at an exemplary organization., Ziel der Arbeit ist die Verbindung der Konzepte von Adaptive Case Management (ACM) mit dem Incident Management (IM) Prozess in Rechenzentren, sowie, aufbauend auf dieser theoretischen Grundlage, die Implementierung eines Proof-of-Concept Prototypen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein ACM Ansatz für die Unterstützung des IM Prozesses in Rechenzentren konzipiert und im Verbund mit dem Service Desk einer produktiven SAP Solution Manager Installation bei einer exemplarischen Organisation implementiert.

BACKGROUNDDeciphering the function of the many genes previously classified as uncharacterized open reading frame (ORF) would complete our understanding of a cell's function and its pathophysiology.METHODSWhole-exome sequencing, yeast 2-hybrid and transcriptome analyses, and molecular characterization were performed in this study to uncover the function of the C2orf69 gene.RESULTSWe identified loss-of-function mutations in the uncharacterized C2orf69 gene in 8 individuals with brain abnormalities involving hypomyelination and microcephaly, liver dysfunction, and recurrent autoinflammation. C2orf69 contains an N-terminal signal peptide that is required and sufficient for mitochondrial localization. Consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction, the patients showed signs of respiratory chain defects, and a CRISPR/Cas9-KO cell model of C2orf69 had similar respiratory chain defects. Patient-derived cells revealed alterations in immunological signaling pathways. Deposits of periodic acid-Schiff-positive (PAS-positive) material in tissues from affected individuals, together with decreased glycogen branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) activity, indicated an additional impact of C2orf69 on glycogen metabolism.CONCLUSIONSOur study identifies C2orf69 as an important regulator of human mitochondrial function and suggests that this gene has additional influence on other metabolic pathways.

The goal of this thesis is connecting the ideas of Adaptive Case Management (ACM) with the incident management (IM) process in data centers and implementing a proof-of-concept prototype built on the so established theoretical foundation. To this end, an ACM-based approach for supporting the IM process in data centers was conceived and implemented as addition to the service desk of a productive SAP Solution Manager installation at an exemplary organization., Ziel der Arbeit ist die Verbindung der Konzepte von Adaptive Case Management (ACM) mit dem Incident Management (IM) Prozess in Rechenzentren, sowie, aufbauend auf dieser theoretischen Grundlage, die Implementierung eines Proof-of-Concept Prototypen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein ACM Ansatz für die Unterstützung des IM Prozesses in Rechenzentren konzipiert und im Verbund mit dem Service Desk einer produktiven SAP Solution Manager Installation bei einer exemplarischen Organisation implementiert.

BACKGROUND Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is an imprinting disorder which is characterised by severe primordial growth retardation, relative macrocephaly and a typical facial gestalt. The clinical heterogeneity of SRS is reflected by a broad spectrum of molecular changes with hypomethylation in 11p15 and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (upd(7)mat) as the most frequent findings. Monogenetic causes are rare, but a clinical overlap with numerous other disorders has been reported. However, a comprehensive overview on the contribution of mutations in differential diagnostic genes to phenotypes reminiscent to SRS is missing due to the lack of appropriate tests. With the implementation of next generation sequencing (NGS) tools this limitation can now be circumvented. MAIN BODY We analysed 75 patients referred for molecular testing for SRS by a NGS-based multigene panel, whole exome sequencing (WES), and trio-based WES. In 21/75 patients a disease-causing variant could be identified among them variants in known SRS genes (IGF2, PLAG1, HMGA2). Several patients carried variants in genes which have not yet been considered as differential diagnoses of SRS. CONCLUSIONS WES approaches significantly increase the diagnostic yield in patients referred for SRS testing. Several of the identified monogenetic disorders have a major impact on clinical management and genetic counseling.

We propose a moving-boundary scenario to model the penetration of diffusants into dense and foamed rubbers. The presented modelling approach recovers experimental findings related to the diffusion of cyclohexane and the resulting swelling in a piece of material made of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM). The main challenge is to find out relatively simple model components which can mimic the mechanical behavior of the rubber. Such special structure is identified here so that the computed penetration depths of the diffusant concentration are within the range of experimental measurements. We investigate two cases: a dense rubber and a rubber foam, both made of the same matrix material. After a brief discussion of scaling arguments, we present a finite element approximation of the moving boundary problem. To overcome numerical difficulties due to the \textit{a priori} unknown motion of the diffusants penetration front, we transform the governing model equations from the physical domain with moving unknown boundary to a fixed fictitious domain. We then solve the transformed equations by the finite element method and explore the robustness of our approximations with respect to relevant model parameters. Finally, we discuss numerical estimations of the expected large-time behavior of the material., Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures, 7 tables

The use of carbon dioxide (CO$_{2}$) for stunning and killing animals is considered to compromise welfare due to air hunger, anxiety, fear, and pain. Despite decades of research, no alternatives have so far been found that provide a safe and reliable way to induce unconsciousness in groups of animals, and also cause less distress than CO$_{2}$. Here, we revisit the current and historical literature to identify key research questions that may lead to the identification and implementation of more humane alternatives to induce unconsciousness in mice, rats, poultry, and pigs. In addition to the evaluation of novel methods and agents, we identify the need to standardise the terminology and behavioural assays within the field. We further reason that more accurate measurements of consciousness state are needed and serve as a central component in the assessment of suffering. Therefore, we propose a roadmap toward improving animal welfare during end-of-life procedures.

In the presence of a nonadsorbing polymer, monodisperse rod-like particles assemble into colloidal membranes, which are one-rod-length-thick liquid-like monolayers of aligned rods. Unlike 3D edgeless bilayer vesicles, colloidal monolayer membranes form open structures with an exposed edge, thus presenting an opportunity to study elasticity of fluid sheets. Membranes assembled from single-component chiral rods form flat disks with uniform edge twist. In comparison, membranes composed of a mixture of rods with opposite chiralities can have the edge twist of either handedness. In this limit, disk-shaped membranes become unstable, instead forming structures with scalloped edges, where two adjacent lobes with opposite handedness are separated by a cusp-shaped point defect. Such membranes adopt a 3D configuration, with cusp defects alternatively located above and below the membrane plane. In the achiral regime, the cusp defects have repulsive interactions, but away from this limit we measure effective long-ranged attractive binding. A phenomenological model shows that the increase in the edge energy of scalloped membranes is compensated by concomitant decrease in the deformation energy due to Gaussian curvature associated with scalloped edges, demonstrating that colloidal membranes have positive Gaussian modulus. A simple excluded volume argument predicts the sign and magnitude of the Gaussian curvature modulus that is in agreement with experimental measurements. Our results provide insight into how the interplay between membrane elasticity, geometrical frustration, and achiral symmetry breaking can be used to fold colloidal membranes into 3D shapes.

Interviewed by Gail Ryan, November 1, 1996; Joe Vercelli, December 12, 1981; William Heintz, February 28, 1982., Robert Meyer was born to an agricultural family long established in the Geyserville area by the time of his birth in 1916. His Meyer grandparents came from Germany and purchased property south of Geyserville. His mother was of English descent and his maternal grandparents came around Cape Horn and settled in the Bay Area. His father, Harry Meyer, preceded Robert in this cooperative venture., LCNAF, No geocoding, Unattributed introduction by Gail Ryan., Sonoma County Tourism Grant (2010-2011), Grant provided to the Sonoma County Library through the Sonoma County Advertising Program, High, These three interviews of Robert Meyer cover the rise and eventual closure of a major cooperative drive in northern Sonoma County wine history.

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature 481 (2012): 348–351, doi:10.1038/nature10769., From determining optical properties of simple molecular crystals to establishing preferred handedness in highly complex vertebrates, molecular chirality profoundly influences the structural, mechanical, and optical properties of both synthetic and biological matter at macroscopic lengthscales1,2. In soft materials such as amphiphilic lipids and liquid crystals, the competition between local chiral interactions and global constraints imposed by the geometry of the self-assembled structures leads to frustration and the assembly of unique materials3-6. An example of particular interest is smectic liquid crystals, where the 2D layered geometry cannot support twist, expelling chirality to the edges in a manner analogous to the expulsion of a magnetic field from superconductors7-10. Here, we demonstrate a previously unexplored consequence of this geometric frustration which leads to a new design principle for the assembly of chiral molecules. Using a model system of colloidal membranes11, we show that molecular chirality can control the interfacial tension, an important property of multi-component mixtures. This finding suggests an analogy between chiral twist which is expelled to the edge of 2D membranes, and amphiphilic surfactants which are expelled to oil-water interfaces12. Similar to surfactants, chiral control of interfacial tension drives the assembly of myriad polymorphic assemblages such as twisted ribbons with linear and circular topologies, starfish membranes, and double and triple helices. Tuning molecular chirality in situ enables dynamical control of line tension that powers polymorphic transitions between various chiral structures. These findings outline a general strategy for the assembly of reconfigurable chiral materials which can easily be moved, stretched, attached to one another, and transformed between multiple conformational states, thus enabling precise assembly and nano-sculpting of highly dynamical and designable materials with complex topologie, This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF-MRSEC-0820492, NSF-DMR-0955776, NSF-MRI 0923057) and Petroleum Research Fund (ACS-PRF 50558-DNI7)., 2012-07-04

CIVINS (Civilian Institutions) Thesis document, Coating effectiveness, as measured by the change in a ring stiffened cylinder's transfer function, is experimentally determined in the acoustic far field for increasing hydrostatic pressure. Polymer coating response characteristics are a function of temperature, frequency, molecular structure, chemical crosslinking systems and fillers. A sample coating, of unknown composition, is provided for analysis to gage performance as a function of frequency and filler (indirectly through hydrostatic pressure). Limited instrumentation assets (16 channels) required a pre-lake structural test program. Results of this test program determined the shell placement of accelerometers channels and provided an evaluation of bulkhead and shell radiated power levels. Results were highly subjective to boundary conditions and close proximity of nodal/resonant points thereby making 1/6th octave sampling unsuitable for the lake test program. Deep water testing was conducted at the Acoustic Research Detachment, Pend Oreille, Idaho between 3 to 12 March 1997. The far field power levels were measured using an equally spaced 5 element line array placed 25 feet from the cylinder's beam. Measurements were made for 3 operating depths; 50 ft, 200 ft and 450 ft. Twenty one frequency bins using an LFM sweep over a pass band of 400 Hz to 10.5 kHz were digitized then analyzed using MATLAB. Results show a 7 to 8 dB reduction at 50 feet; 3-5 dB at 200 feet and 3 dB for the maximum 450 foot depth. For each depth, the reduction in hull excitation was greater than far field leading to an increase in transfer function even though far field is reduced. Decay of excitation with distance from forcing points is significant for bare hull and much more rapid for a coated hull, http://archive.org/details/experimentaldete109458367, CIVINS

One of the most dominant approaches to semantics for relevant (and many paraconsistent) logics is the Routley-Meyer semantics involving a ternary relation on points. To some (many?), this ternary relation has seemed like a technical trick devoid of an intuitively appealing philosophical story that connects it up with conditionality in general. In this paper, we respond to this worry by providing three different philosophical accounts of the ternary relation that correspond to three conceptions of conditionality. We close by briefly discussing a general conception of conditionality that may unify the three given conceptions.

In many applications employing particles, the distribution of particle sizes has significant influence over the properties of the resultant material, and this holds especially true for many pharmaceutical products. In the case of depot formulations made of drug-loaded polymer microspheres, particle size significantly impacts the rate and duration of drug release. Thus, if particle size can be controlled, formulation characteristics can be engineered to better meet the needs of the specific situation. Crossflow membrane emulsification (XME) is a method for manufacturing uniformly sized emulsion droplets which can be used for many applications, including production of drug-loaded polymer microspheres. In XME, a dispersed phase is forced through an orifice in a planar membrane into a simple shear flow set up by a second continuous phase flowing parallel to the membrane surface, thereby generating an emulsion. Though XME has become a popular technique for researchers generating monodisperse emulsions, there has been insufficient characterization of the physics of the XME process. This is true for both simple binary fluid systems, as well as the more complex fluid systems used for the generation of drug-loaded microspheres. In this work, we describe a unique XME system that allows for visualization of the process, providing access to details likely unseen by previous researchers. First employing our system for the study of pure fluids, we successfully show that a simple force balance can be used to model the size of emulsion droplets as a function of process conditions. We also show that the range of applicability of our model corresponds to the region of simple fluid dripping, and that the XME process undergoes a dripping-jetting transition much like the common household faucet. Extending the methods to a more complex case when dissolved polymers, drugs and surfactants are present, we find generally that our earlier results hold true, but only if dynamic interfacial ten

C I Lewis showed up Down Under in 2005, in e-mails initiated by Allen Hazen of Melbourne. Their topic was the system Hazen called FL (a Funny Logic), axiomatized in passing in Lewis 1921. I show that FL is the system MEN of material equivalence with negation. But negation plays no special role in MEN. Symbolizing equivalence with → and defining ∼ A inferentially as A→f, the theorems of MEN are just those of the underlying theory ME of pure material equivalence. This accords with the treatment of negation in the Abelian l-group logic A of Meyer and Slaney (Abelian logic. Abstract, Journal of Symbolic Logic 46, 425-426, 1981), which also defines ∼ A inferentially with no special conditions on f. The paper then concentrates on the pure implicational part AI of A, the simple logic of Abelian groups. The integers Z were known to be characteristic for AI, with every non-theorem B refutable mod some Zn for finite n. Noted here is that AI is pre-tabular, having the Scroggs property that every proper extension SI of AI, closed under substitution and detachment, has some finite Zn as its characteristic matrix. In particular FL is the extension for which n∈=∈2 (Lewis, The structure of logic and its relation to other systems. The Journal of Philosophy 18, 505-516, 1921; Meyer and Slaney, Abelian logic. Abstract. Journal of Symbolic Logic 46, 425-426, 1981; This is an abstract of the much longer paper finally published in 1989 in G. G. Priest, R. Routley and J. Norman, eds., Paraconsistent logic: essays on the inconsistent, Philosophica Verlag, Munich, pp. 245-288, 1989).

The pure implicational and the multiplicative fragments of a range of propositional relevant (and other) logics are shown to have the property that any two formulas equivalent in such a logic are constructed from exactly the same propositional variables - as opposed to merely having (as the definition of relevance itself would require) some propositional variable in common.

The National Museum of the Pacific War presents an oral interview with Robert W. Meyer. Meyer was born in Olympia, Washington on 3 September 1924. After graduating from high school in 1942, he was drafted into the Army on 15 May 1943. He was placed into the Army Specialized Training Program. Following 13 weeks of basic training at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, he was sent to the University of Alabama for 3 months of specialized training. He was accepted for flight training, but returned to the infantry in April 1944. Assigned to the 2nd Battalion, 263rd Regiment, 66th Infantry Division, he went overseas in September 1944. Reassigned as a machine gunner to Company A, 109th Infantry Regiment, 28th Infantry Division, Meyer saw combat in Belgium, Germany, and Luxemburg. He was captured by the Germans on 18 December 1944 while fighting near Longsdorf, Luxemburg. He spent the next 4 months in various prisoner of war and labor camps, including Stalag IIA north of Berlin. In April 1945, as the Russians approached Stalag IIA, the German guards fled. Essentially free, Meyer first tried to avoid the Russians but finally advanced with them to the Elbe River where he was reunited with US forces. Sent to Le Havre, he was shipped back to the States in May 1945. After a 70 day leave and extensive recuperation in California, Meyer was discharged from the Army on 6 December 1945.

In a nematic gel we observe a low-energy buckling deformation arising from soft and semisoft elastic modes. We prepare the self-assembled gel by dissolving a coil–side-group liquid-crystalline polymer–coil copolymer in a nematic liquid crystal. The gel has long network strands and a precisely tailored structure, making it ideal for studying nematic rubber elasticity. Under polarized optical microscopy we observe a striped texture that forms when gels uniformly aligned at 35 °C are cooled to room temperature. We model the instability using the molecular theory of nematic rubber elasticity, and the theory correctly captures the change in pitch length with sample thickness and polymer concentration. This buckling instability is a clear example of a low-energy deformation that arises in materials where polymer network strains are coupled to the director orientation.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1998., Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-157)., Liquid fuel inflow into the cylinder is considered an important source of exhaust hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from automotive spark ignition engines particularly during the start-up and subsequent warm up period. As fuel does not readily vaporize under cold engine conditions, significant quantities enter the cylinder in liquid form, where they would be stored in various locations (i.e. combustion chamber crevices, the oil layer, or the cylinder head surface), not fully participate in the subsequent combustion process, and significantly contribute to engine out HC emissions. This study identifies and quantifies the mechanisms via which liquid fuel is transported into the cylinder of a firing spark ignition engine during a simulated start-up and warm up process. In a firing, transparent single cylinder flow visualization engine a Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (POPA) and a Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) technique were used to analyze in-cylinder liquid fuel droplets. From the measurements four major mechanisms of liquid fuel transport into the cylinder were identified using open and closed valve port fuel injection timing. The spatial (resulting from geometric features of the intake port) as well as the temporal variations (due to both engine warm up and cycle position) of the measured fuel droplet characteristics in the vicinity of the intake valve were analyzed. A procedure based on the PDP A and PLIF measurements was developed and validated to estimate the volume of liquid fuel entering the cylinder as a function of time during warm-up. The procedure was applied to compare the volume of liquid fuel entering the cylinder using open and closed valve injection. The dependence of the fuel transport mechanisms on important engine operating variables additionally was analyzed. Considered here were the effects of injection timing, fuel volatility, intake valve timing, injector type, and spray targeting in the intake port. The measurements are complemented by a o, by Robert Meyer., Ph.D.

Modus ponens provides the central theme. There are laws, of the form A→C. A logic (or other theory) L collects such laws. Any datum A (or theory T incorporating such data) provides input to the laws of L. The central ternary relation R relates theories

This report documents new techniques for building intelligent, cooperative agents for assisting in the management of communication networks. First, we undertook a redesign and upgrade of an existing testbed for a distributed simulation environment. Second, we developed a generalization of previous work in distributed automated reasoning to provide for distributed expert systems built using an extension of conventional production rule technology. Third, we enhanced a distributed reasoning system by utilizing a stronger inference rule known as hyper-resolution. Fourth, we developed a distributed constraint based planner. Our results demonstrate a technique for solving the coordination problem among multiple problem solving agents in a distributed extension of the classical artificial intelligence blocks world domain. We have analyzed real world communication equipment, presented a typical problem scenario, and identified the expert knowledge required to solve the problem. We have experimental data that demonstrate significant improvements in the performance of distributed reasoning tasks. We also have experimental data that illustrate the effectiveness of our distributed constraint based planner. Finally, the problem of link activation scheduling is discussed. We show that our planner is able to solve this problem.

This issue of the AMEDD Journal is dedicated to the combat medic of the future, the 91W Healthcare Specialist. Several articles in this issue focus on the 91W or the missions they accomplish. "91W: Force XXI Combat Medic" provides a concise overview of the 91W initiative. Many of the issues that sparked and propelled the program are outlined in this article. Commanders, leaders, and especially, soldier medics will appreciate this timely information "Providing Echelon II CHS to a Digitized Fourth Brigade" shows a glimpse into the future combat health support in Force XXI. Using the Prairie Warrior battle simulation exercise, the article explores some of the challenges of providing care on the battlefield. "Preparing for a Disaster" highlights the potential threat of chemical and biological warfare agents. This article is a potent reminder of the need for continual vigilance and preparedness for these and other weapons of mass destruction. "Case Studies in Aviation Medicine: Bosnian Deployment" describes the challenges of providing fight medicine in a deployed environment. The article uses a series of case studies to highlight strategies to meet the aviators' medical needs. "The Letterman System for Casualty Treatment and Evacuation" reviews Dr. Jonathan Letterman's efforts to preserve life and ease suffering during the American Civil War. The effectiveness of the AMEDD's evacuation system is owed, in part, to Dr. Letterman's revolutionary ideas. "Combat Stress Control Garrison Mission: A Model for the Future" describes the dual mission of peacetime and operational mental health and the challenge of achieving both. Several potential models to achieve the optima! approach are presented and discussed. "Setting the (Dental) Record Straight" provides a step-by-step approach to achieving excellence in dental records. "Treating Rampant Caries: Winning the Battles, Losing the War" highlights the importance of disease prevention and treatment with regard to dental caries.

Supporting on-demand access to large, widely shared data such as popular video objects and internet web sites requires effective use of caching at regional (proxy) servers. This caching problem is very complex because of the need to consider bandwidth as well as storage constraints at the regional servers, and because of the bandwidth sharing possibilities provided by recently proposed delivery techniques. A linear mixed integer model is developed to configure the allocation of data objects in a hierarchical architecture containing one or more shared central servers and multiple regional servers. We will describe motivation and format of the basic model, and several enhancements to the model formulation and solution process that are necessary to solve the problem within reasonable time limits., Also appears in Approximation and Complexity in Numerical Optimization: Continuous and Discrete Problems

Neural networks and fuzzy systems have been studied to develop effective means to control highly dynamic high-speed networks in a cost efficient manner. Using the results from a study of robust transfiguring protocols which were designed to recognize changes in assumed network state and adapt to these changing network conditions, a fuzzy control algorithm was implemented., Prepared in cooperation with Boston University (College of Engeering), Boston, Mass.

High school vocational education which is supported in a small degree by federal funds-is perennially subject to scrutiny. Given the changing nature of employer's demands, one important question is whether those young men and women who take vocational education courses in high school and go to work rather than to college or other postsecondary education are better off economically if they take some types of vocational courses instead of others. This paper uses very recent data to address that question for individuals just one year out of high school The background paper was requested by the Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee (Senator Edward M. Kennedy, then-Chairman the Committee, now Ranking Minority Member). young males who took vocational education courses in high school, worked for pay and were not enrolled in postsecondary education in 1993, three kinds of courses are related to entry-level earnings that were higher than average for their vocational education counterparts: marketing; technical communications; and consumer home economics. For young females who took vocational education courses in high school, worked for pay and were not enrolled in postsecondary education in 1993, only vocational coursework in the health area was related to higher than average entry level earnings%This background paper also presents data on the types of occupations that these young people engage in, and rough statistical correlations between those occupations and types of high-school-level vocational coursework. More than half the young people in this sample engaged in clerical, services, and laborer type entry-level jobs immediately after high school. Finally, females in this sample earned considerably less than their male counterparts, both hourly and annually.

In collaborating to compete, firms forge different types of strategic alliances: same function alliances (e.g., R&D alliance), cross-function alliances (e.g., marketing and production alliance), and even parallel development of new products. A major challenge in the management of these alliances is how to control the resource commitment of partners to the collaboration. In this research we examine, both theoretically and empirically, how the type of an alliance and the prescribed profit-sharing arrangement affect the resource commitments of partners. We model the interaction within an alliance as a noncooperative variable-sum game, in which each firm invests part of its resources to increase the utility of a new product offering. Different types of alliances are modeled by varying how the resources committed by partners in an alliance determine the utility of the jointly-developed new product. We then model the inter-alliance competition by nesting two independent intra-alliance games in a super game in which the groups compete for a market. The partners of the winning alliance share the profits in one of the two ways: equally or proportionally to their individual investments. The Nash equilibrium solutions for the resulting games are investigated. In the case of same-function alliances, when the market is large the predicted investment patterns under both profit sharing rules are comparable. Partners developing new products in parallel, unlike the partners in a same function alliance, commit fewer resources to their alliance. However, the profit-sharing arrangement matters in such alliances -- partners commit more resources when profits are shared proportionally rather than equally. We test the predictions of the model in two laboratory experiments in which subjects played the inter-alliance competition game for a monetary payoff contingent on performance. The experimental results provide strong support for the theoretical model. A new analysis of Robertson and Gat

This research was directed towards realization of Si monolithic microwave communication transceivers. New theoretical methods were developed for the analysis of noise and distortion phenomena in nonlinear communication circuits such as low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) in the over-driven condition, mixers, oscillators and detectors. Using these techniques new circuit topologies were synthesized for the realization of various essential transceiver functions, and prototype circuits were built in state-of-the-art Si monolithic processes and experimentally evaluated. New CAD approaches to the problem of mixer noise analysis were created which allow combination of large-signal time-varying circuit elements plus time-varying noise sources to be analyzed. Using this tool a new mixer topology in Si BiCMOS technology was synthesized with extremely wide dynamic range. The use of on-chip monolithic inductors allowed incorporation of a new tuned local-oscillator (LO) buffer circuit which added important degrees of freedom to the mixer realization.

Coating effectiveness, as measured by the change in a ring stiffened cylinder's transfer function, is experimentally determined in the acoustic far field for increasing hydrostatic pressure. Polymer coating response characteristics are a function of temperature, frequency, molecular structure, chemical crosslinking systems and fillers. A sample coating, of unknown composition, is provided for analysis to gage performance as a function of frequency and filler (indirectly through hydrostatic pressure). Limited instrumentation assets (16 channels) required a pre-lake structural test program. Results of this test program determined the shell placement of accelerometers channels and provided an evaluation of bulkhead and shell radiated power levels. Results were highly subjective to boundary conditions and close proximity of nodal/resonant points thereby making 1/6th octave sampling unsuitable for the lake test program. Deep water testing was conducted at the Acoustic Research Detachment, Pend Oreille, Idaho between 3 to 12 March 1997. The far field power levels were measured using an equally spaced 5 element line array placed 25 feet from the cylinder's beam. Measurements were made for 3 operating depths; 50 ft, 200 ft and 450 ft. Twenty one frequency bins using an LFM sweep over a pass band of 400 Hz to 10.5 kHz were digitized then analyzed using MATLAB. Results show a 7 to 8 dB reduction at 50 feet; 3-5 dB at 200 feet and 3 dB for the maximum 450 foot depth. For each depth, the reduction in hull excitation was greater than far field leading to an increase in transfer function even though far field is reduced. Decay of excitation with distance from forcing points is significant for bare hull and much more rapid for a coated hull.

Coating effectiveness, as measured by the change in a ring stiffened cylinder's transfer function, is experimentally determined in the acoustic far field for increasing hydrostatic pressure. Polymer coating response characteristics are a function of temperature, frequency, molecular structure, chemical crosslinking systems and fillers. A sample coating, of unknown composition, is provided for analysis to gage performance as a function of frequency and filler (indirectly through hydrostatic pressure). Limited instrumentation assets (16 channels) required a pre-lake structural test program. Results of this test program determined the shell placement of accelerometers channels and provided an evaluation of bulkhead and shell radiated power levels. Results were highly subjective to boundary conditions and close proximity of nodal/resonant points thereby making 1/6th octave sampling unsuitable for the lake test program. Deep water testing was conducted at the Acoustic Research Detachment, Pend Oreille, Idaho between 3 to 12 March 1997. The far field power levels were measured using an equally spaced 5 element line array placed 25 feet from the cylinder's beam. Measurements were made for 3 operating depths; 50 ft, 200 ft and 450 ft. Twenty one frequency bins using an LFM sweep over a pass band of 400 Hz to 10.5 kHz were digitized then analyzed using MATLAB. Results show a 7 to 8 dB reduction at 50 feet; 3-5 dB at 200 feet and 3 dB for the maximum 450 foot depth. For each depth, the reduction in hull excitation was greater than far field leading to an increase in transfer function even though far field is reduced. Decay of excitation with distance from forcing points is significant for bare hull and much more rapid for a coated hull

We present results concerning the development of liquid crystal smart reflectors, consisting of a cholesteric liquid crystal with temperature sensitive helix pitch, in combination with a light absorbing dye. Light entering the liquid crystal is absorbed by the dye, generating heat which raises the temperature of the liquid crystal. The resulting change in the helix pitch of the cholesteric causes an increase in its reflectivity, reducing the intensity of light that can be absorbed by the dye. This negative feedback stabilizes the reflector for a given light intensity. The smart reflector thus achieves a reflectivity which increases with increasing intensity of of incident light. We report on two configurations of the device, with both experimental measurements and mathematical models of the system.

We report the first demonstration of a liquid crystal smart reflector. This is an optical reflector based on cholesteric liquid crystals, in which as light intensity increases, so does the reflectivity. This is achieved by having an optically absorbing layer behind the cholesteric liquid crystal layer, and in thermal contact with it, acting as a sensor of light. The liquid crystal is chosen to have a highly temperature dependent helix pitch, so that when it is heated by the absorption of light in the sensor layer, its pitch changes rapidly. This is the computational function of the device. The change in helix pitch results in an increase in reflectivity of light, the actuator function of the device. The increased reflectivity stabilizes the device by negative feedback, keeping it at an effective operating point. We report experiments and computer simulations of the device demonstrating its successful function. (MM)

This document presents proceedings of a workshop on Smart Materials, reviewing the research sponsored by the ARO program in Smart Materials and Systems. Extended abstracts from 18 investigators and 2 invited speakers are included. (MM)

This summary, prepared by Robert A. Meyer, Jr. of Porter, Wright, Morris & Arthur, attorneys at law, reviews the history and validity of the restrictive covenants originally applied to the housing lots in the Hilliard Heights Subdivision in 1956.

The Northeast Artificial Intelligence Consortium (NAIC) was created by the Air Force Systems Command, Rome Air Development Center, and the office of Scientific Research. Its purpose was to conduct pertinent research in artificial intelligence and to perform activities ancillary to this research. This report describes progress during the existence of the NAIC on the technical research tasks undertaken at the member universities. The topics covered in general are: versatile expert system for equipment maintenance, distributed AI for communications system control, automatic photointerpretation, time-oriented problem solving, speech understanding systems, knowledge base maintenance, hardware architectures for very large systems, knowledge based reasoning and planning, and a knowledge acquisition, assistance, and explanation system. The specific topic for this volume is the use of knowledge based systems for communications network management and control via an architecture for a diversely distributed multi-agent system., See also Volume 5, ADA234884.

The Northeast Artificial Intelligence Consortium (NAIC) was created to conduct pertinent research in artificial intelligence and to perform activities ancillary to this research. This report describes progress during the existence of the NAIC on the technical research tasks undertaken at the member universities. The topics covered in general are: versatile expert systems for equipment maintenance, distributed AI for communications systems control, automatic photointerpretation, time-oriented problem solving, speech understanding systems, knowledge base maintenance, hardware architectures for very large systems, knowledge based reasoning and planning, and a knowledge acquisition, assistance, and explanation system. The specific topic for this volume is the real-time simulation of a distributed planning simulation in the context of a dynamic environment., See also Volume 6, ADA234885.

A new parallel programming, ELC, Experimental Language Based on C, is designed and implemented. A run-time system to support ELC is also defined and several implementations are discussed, one of which was done by Tom Seevers in 1989. Five programming constructs are introduced which permit explicit specification of sections of program code that may be done in parallel. These constructs are INCASE, FORCASE, FORALL, SIMULCASE and SIMULALL. Each construct has a number of caselimbs, which are the sections that may be executed in parallel. Caselimbs are scheduled for execution on one or more logical processors, called TMMs, or Task Management Modules. FORCASE and FORALL allow the caselimbs to be scheduled in any way, even sequentially, while SIMULCASE and SIMULALL require that the caselimbs execute at the same time. A memory management system is defied which detects multiple conflicting assignments to the same variable, called a data integrity error. Caselimbs in SIMULALL and SIMULCASE may communicate with each other while executing via message queues, which are first-in first-out buffered queues. A hierarchically structured system of message queues is formed when such message queues are declared inside caselimbs which contain parallel constructs. Such a system benefits from data hiding and program structuring. The translation from ELC source code to object code in a machine language called NQL, New Quadruple Language, is discussed. Sample programs in ELC are presented and programming techniques are discussed. Conflicts with existing C language semantics and applications that are problematic for ELC are discussed and future improvements are suggested.