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In this contribution, the realization of a first-order, two-input, single-output voltage-mode multifunction filter employing a second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) is described. The proposed first-order versatile filter is extremely simple, composed of a single VCII and three passive devices. Because of its low output impedance, the output voltage node can be easily cascaded with other voltage-mode configurations without the requirement of any buffers. In the same circuit topology, the proposed firstorder filter provides various filtering functions: inverting and non-inverting low-pass (LPF), inverting and non-inverting high-pass (HPF), as well as inverting and non-inverting all-pass (APF). The digital method allows the selection of output first-order filtering functions without the need for additional circuits such as inverting or double-gain amplifiers. Furthermore, the pass-band gain of the low-pass and high-pass responses can be adjusted by varying the resistance or capacitance values without influencing the pole frequency as well as the phase response. The influence of VCII's current/voltage gain errors and parasitic elements on filtering performance is also investigated. Moreover, the modification of the proposed lagging phase allpass filter to achieve electronic controllability is also proposed by replacing the passive resistor with the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The 0.18 mu mTSMCCMOSstructure of the VCII employed in the proposed filter operates in the subthreshold region and utilizes the bulk-driven technique (BD), enabling it to operate with 0.4V supply voltage and consuming 383 nW of power. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the LPF with an applied input voltage V-inpp =300mV @ 50Hz is -49.5 dB. An application example as a quadrature sinusoidal oscillator realized from the proposed first-order allpass filter and lossless integrator is also included. The performance of the proposed reconfigurable voltage-mode first-order filter i

In this contribution, the realization of a first-order, two-input, single-output voltage-mode multifunction filter employing a second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) is described. The proposed first-order versatile filter is extremely simple, composed of a single VCII and three passive devices. Because of its low output impedance, the output voltage node can be easily cascaded with other voltage-mode configurations without the requirement of any buffers. In the same circuit topology, the proposed firstorder filter provides various filtering functions: inverting and non-inverting low-pass (LPF), inverting and non-inverting high-pass (HPF), as well as inverting and non-inverting all-pass (APF). The digital method allows the selection of output first-order filtering functions without the need for additional circuits such as inverting or double-gain amplifiers. Furthermore, the pass-band gain of the low-pass and high-pass responses can be adjusted by varying the resistance or capacitance values without influencing the pole frequency as well as the phase response. The influence of VCII's current/voltage gain errors and parasitic elements on filtering performance is also investigated. Moreover, the modification of the proposed lagging phase allpass filter to achieve electronic controllability is also proposed by replacing the passive resistor with the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The 0.18 mu mTSMCCMOSstructure of the VCII employed in the proposed filter operates in the subthreshold region and utilizes the bulk-driven technique (BD), enabling it to operate with 0.4V supply voltage and consuming 383 nW of power. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the LPF with an applied input voltage V-inpp =300mV @ 50Hz is -49.5 dB. An application example as a quadrature sinusoidal oscillator realized from the proposed first-order allpass filter and lossless integrator is also included. The performance of the proposed reconfigurable voltage-mode first-order filter i

In this contribution, the realization of a first-order, two-input, single-output voltage-mode multifunction filter employing a second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) is described. The proposed first-order versatile filter is extremely simple, composed of a single VCII and three passive devices. Because of its low output impedance, the output voltage node can be easily cascaded with other voltage-mode configurations without the requirement of any buffers. In the same circuit topology, the proposed firstorder filter provides various filtering functions: inverting and non-inverting low-pass (LPF), inverting and non-inverting high-pass (HPF), as well as inverting and non-inverting all-pass (APF). The digital method allows the selection of output first-order filtering functions without the need for additional circuits such as inverting or double-gain amplifiers. Furthermore, the pass-band gain of the low-pass and high-pass responses can be adjusted by varying the resistance or capacitance values without influencing the pole frequency as well as the phase response. The influence of VCII's current/voltage gain errors and parasitic elements on filtering performance is also investigated. Moreover, the modification of the proposed lagging phase allpass filter to achieve electronic controllability is also proposed by replacing the passive resistor with the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The 0.18 mu mTSMCCMOSstructure of the VCII employed in the proposed filter operates in the subthreshold region and utilizes the bulk-driven technique (BD), enabling it to operate with 0.4V supply voltage and consuming 383 nW of power. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the LPF with an applied input voltage V-inpp =300mV @ 50Hz is -49.5 dB. An application example as a quadrature sinusoidal oscillator realized from the proposed first-order allpass filter and lossless integrator is also included. The performance of the proposed reconfigurable voltage-mode first-order filter i

In this contribution, the realization of a first-order, two-input, single-output voltage-mode multifunction filter employing a second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) is described. The proposed first-order versatile filter is extremely simple, composed of a single VCII and three passive devices. Because of its low output impedance, the output voltage node can be easily cascaded with other voltage-mode configurations without the requirement of any buffers. In the same circuit topology, the proposed firstorder filter provides various filtering functions: inverting and non-inverting low-pass (LPF), inverting and non-inverting high-pass (HPF), as well as inverting and non-inverting all-pass (APF). The digital method allows the selection of output first-order filtering functions without the need for additional circuits such as inverting or double-gain amplifiers. Furthermore, the pass-band gain of the low-pass and high-pass responses can be adjusted by varying the resistance or capacitance values without influencing the pole frequency as well as the phase response. The influence of VCII's current/voltage gain errors and parasitic elements on filtering performance is also investigated. Moreover, the modification of the proposed lagging phase allpass filter to achieve electronic controllability is also proposed by replacing the passive resistor with the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The 0.18 mu mTSMCCMOSstructure of the VCII employed in the proposed filter operates in the subthreshold region and utilizes the bulk-driven technique (BD), enabling it to operate with 0.4V supply voltage and consuming 383 nW of power. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the LPF with an applied input voltage V-inpp =300mV @ 50Hz is -49.5 dB. An application example as a quadrature sinusoidal oscillator realized from the proposed first-order allpass filter and lossless integrator is also included. The performance of the proposed reconfigurable voltage-mode first-order filter i

In this contribution, the realization of a first-order, two-input, single-output voltage-mode multifunction filter employing a second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) is described. The proposed first-order versatile filter is extremely simple, composed of a single VCII and three passive devices. Because of its low output impedance, the output voltage node can be easily cascaded with other voltage-mode configurations without the requirement of any buffers. In the same circuit topology, the proposed firstorder filter provides various filtering functions: inverting and non-inverting low-pass (LPF), inverting and non-inverting high-pass (HPF), as well as inverting and non-inverting all-pass (APF). The digital method allows the selection of output first-order filtering functions without the need for additional circuits such as inverting or double-gain amplifiers. Furthermore, the pass-band gain of the low-pass and high-pass responses can be adjusted by varying the resistance or capacitance values without influencing the pole frequency as well as the phase response. The influence of VCII's current/voltage gain errors and parasitic elements on filtering performance is also investigated. Moreover, the modification of the proposed lagging phase allpass filter to achieve electronic controllability is also proposed by replacing the passive resistor with the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The 0.18 mu mTSMCCMOSstructure of the VCII employed in the proposed filter operates in the subthreshold region and utilizes the bulk-driven technique (BD), enabling it to operate with 0.4V supply voltage and consuming 383 nW of power. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the LPF with an applied input voltage V-inpp =300mV @ 50Hz is -49.5 dB. An application example as a quadrature sinusoidal oscillator realized from the proposed first-order allpass filter and lossless integrator is also included. The performance of the proposed reconfigurable voltage-mode first-order filter i

In this work, a new CMOS based grounded voltage controlled positive resistor (GVCPR) with one control voltage is proposed. The proposed GVCPR employs only five CMOS transistors, one operated in triode region and others operated in saturation region or OFF. One of the main properties of the proposed GVCPR is its ultra low power consumption; however, a single active component matching condition is needed. A number of SPICE simulation results using IBM 0.13 um SIGE013 level-7 CMOS process parameters such as its performance analysis and verification in tunable voltage-mode first-order all-pass filter and high-Q & high-gain voltage-mode multiple-feedback second-order band-pass filter are included to confirm the theory. The superior performance of the proposed GVCPR is also proven by numeric Figure of Merit calculation.

In this work, a new CMOS based grounded voltage controlled positive resistor (GVCPR) with one control voltage is proposed. The proposed GVCPR employs only five CMOS transistors, one operated in triode region and others operated in saturation region or OFF. One of the main properties of the proposed GVCPR is its ultra low power consumption; however, a single active component matching condition is needed. A number of SPICE simulation results using IBM 0.13 um SIGE013 level-7 CMOS process parameters such as its performance analysis and verification in tunable voltage-mode first-order all-pass filter and high-Q & high-gain voltage-mode multiple-feedback second-order band-pass filter are included to confirm the theory. The superior performance of the proposed GVCPR is also proven by numeric Figure of Merit calculation.

In this work, a new CMOS based grounded voltage controlled positive resistor (GVCPR) with one control voltage is proposed. The proposed GVCPR employs only five CMOS transistors, one operated in triode region and others operated in saturation region or OFF. One of the main properties of the proposed GVCPR is its ultra low power consumption; however, a single active component matching condition is needed. A number of SPICE simulation results using IBM 0.13 um SIGE013 level-7 CMOS process parameters such as its performance analysis and verification in tunable voltage-mode first-order all-pass filter and high-Q & high-gain voltage-mode multiple-feedback second-order band-pass filter are included to confirm the theory. The superior performance of the proposed GVCPR is also proven by numeric Figure of Merit calculation.

In this paper, a low voltage modified current backward transconductance amplifier (MCBTA) and a novel first-order current-mode (CM) all-pass filter are presented. The MCBTA can operate with ±0.9 V supply voltage and the total power consumption of MCBTA is 1.27 mW. The presented all-pass filter employs single MCBTA, a grounded resistor and a grounded capacitor. The circuit possesses low input and high output impedances which make it ideal for current-mode systems. The presented all-pass filter circuit can be made electronically tunable due to the bias current of the MCBTA. Non-ideal study along with simulation results are given for validation purpose. Further, an nth-order cascadable all-pass filter is also presented. It uses n MCBTAs, n grounded resistors and n grounded capacitors. The performance of the proposed circuits is demonstrated by using PSPICE simulations based on the 0.18 µm TSMC level-7 CMOS technology parameters.

In this paper, a low voltage modified current backward transconductance amplifier (MCBTA) and a novel first-order current-mode (CM) all-pass filter are presented. The MCBTA can operate with ±0.9 V supply voltage and the total power consumption of MCBTA is 1.27 mW. The presented all-pass filter employs single MCBTA, a grounded resistor and a grounded capacitor. The circuit possesses low input and high output impedances which make it ideal for current-mode systems. The presented all-pass filter circuit can be made electronically tunable due to the bias current of the MCBTA. Non-ideal study along with simulation results are given for validation purpose. Further, an nth-order cascadable all-pass filter is also presented. It uses n MCBTAs, n grounded resistors and n grounded capacitors. The performance of the proposed circuits is demonstrated by using PSPICE simulations based on the 0.18 µm TSMC level-7 CMOS technology parameters.

In this paper, a new current-mode (CM) circuit for realizing all of the first-order filter responses is suggested. The proposed configuration contains low number of components, only two NMOS transistors both operating in saturation region, two capacitors and two resistors. Major advantages of the presented circuit are low voltage, low noise and high linearity. The proposed filter circuit can simultaneously provide both inverting and non-inverting first-order low-pass, high-pass and all-pass filter responses. Computer simulation results achieved through SPICE tool and experimental results are given as examples to demonstrate performance and effectiveness of the proposed topology., In this paper, a new current-mode (CM) circuit for realizing all of the first-order filter responses is suggested. The proposed configuration contains low number of components, only two NMOS transistors both operating in saturation region, two capacitors and two resistors. Major advantages of the presented circuit are low voltage, low noise and high linearity. The proposed filter circuit can simultaneously provide both inverting and non-inverting first-order low-pass, high-pass and all-pass filter responses. Computer simulation results achieved through SPICE tool and experimental results are given as examples to demonstrate performance and effectiveness of the proposed topology.

In this paper, a new active element called voltage differencing inverting buffered amplifier (VDIBA) is presented. Using single VDIBA and a capacitor, a new resistorless voltage-mode (VM) first-order all-pass filter (APF) is proposed, which provides both inverting and non-inverting outputs at the same configuration simultaneously. The pole frequency of the filter can be electronically controlled by means of bias current of the internal transconductance. No component-matching conditions are required and it has low sensitivity. In addition, the parasitic and loading effects are also investigated. By connecting two newly introduced APFs in open loop a novel second-order APF is proposed. As another application, the proposed VM APF is connected in cascade to a lossy integrator in a closed loop to design a four-phase quadrature oscillator. The theoretical results are verified by SPICE simulations using TSMC 0.18 um level-7 CMOS process parameters with +-0.9 V supply voltages. Moreover, the behavior of the proposed VM APF was also experimentally measured using commercially available integrated circuit OPA860 by Texas Instruments., In this paper, a new active element called voltage differencing inverting buffered amplifier (VDIBA) is presented. Using single VDIBA and a capacitor, a new resistorless voltage-mode (VM) first-order all-pass filter (APF) is proposed, which provides both inverting and non-inverting outputs at the same configuration simultaneously. The pole frequency of the filter can be electronically controlled by means of bias current of the internal transconductance. No component-matching conditions are required and it has low sensitivity. In addition, the parasitic and loading effects are also investigated. By connecting two newly introduced APFs in open loop a novel second-order APF is proposed. As another application, the proposed VM APF is connected in cascade to a lossy integrator in a closed loop to design a four-phase quadrature oscillator. The theoretical results are verified by SPICE simulations using TSMC 0.18 um level-7 CMOS process parameters with +-0.9 V supply voltages. Moreover, the behavior of the proposed VM APF was also experimentally measured using commercially available integrated circuit OPA860 by Texas Instruments.

In this paper, a new current-mode (CM) circuit for realizing all of the first-order filter responses is suggested. The proposed configuration contains low number of components, only two NMOS transistors both operating in saturation region, two capacitors and two resistors. Major advantages of the presented circuit are low voltage, low noise and high linearity. The proposed filter circuit can simultaneously provide both inverting and non-inverting first-order low-pass, high-pass and all-pass filter responses. Computer simulation results achieved through SPICE tool and experimental results are given as examples to demonstrate performance and effectiveness of the proposed topology., In this paper, a new current-mode (CM) circuit for realizing all of the first-order filter responses is suggested. The proposed configuration contains low number of components, only two NMOS transistors both operating in saturation region, two capacitors and two resistors. Major advantages of the presented circuit are low voltage, low noise and high linearity. The proposed filter circuit can simultaneously provide both inverting and non-inverting first-order low-pass, high-pass and all-pass filter responses. Computer simulation results achieved through SPICE tool and experimental results are given as examples to demonstrate performance and effectiveness of the proposed topology.

In this paper, a new active element called voltage differencing inverting buffered amplifier (VDIBA) is presented. Using single VDIBA and a capacitor, a new resistorless voltage-mode (VM) first-order all-pass filter (APF) is proposed, which provides both inverting and non-inverting outputs at the same configuration simultaneously. The pole frequency of the filter can be electronically controlled by means of bias current of the internal transconductance. No component-matching conditions are required and it has low sensitivity. In addition, the parasitic and loading effects are also investigated. By connecting two newly introduced APFs in open loop a novel second-order APF is proposed. As another application, the proposed VM APF is connected in cascade to a lossy integrator in a closed loop to design a four-phase quadrature oscillator. The theoretical results are verified by SPICE simulations using TSMC 0.18 um level-7 CMOS process parameters with +-0.9 V supply voltages. Moreover, the behavior of the proposed VM APF was also experimentally measured using commercially available integrated circuit OPA860 by Texas Instruments., In this paper, a new active element called voltage differencing inverting buffered amplifier (VDIBA) is presented. Using single VDIBA and a capacitor, a new resistorless voltage-mode (VM) first-order all-pass filter (APF) is proposed, which provides both inverting and non-inverting outputs at the same configuration simultaneously. The pole frequency of the filter can be electronically controlled by means of bias current of the internal transconductance. No component-matching conditions are required and it has low sensitivity. In addition, the parasitic and loading effects are also investigated. By connecting two newly introduced APFs in open loop a novel second-order APF is proposed. As another application, the proposed VM APF is connected in cascade to a lossy integrator in a closed loop to design a four-phase quadrature oscillator. The theoretical results are verified by SPICE simulations using TSMC 0.18 um level-7 CMOS process parameters with +-0.9 V supply voltages. Moreover, the behavior of the proposed VM APF was also experimentally measured using commercially available integrated circuit OPA860 by Texas Instruments.

Current-mode (CM) and voltage-mode (VM) multiphase sinusoidal oscillator (MSO) structures using current backward transconductance amplifier (CBTA) are proposed. The proposed oscillators can generate n current or voltage signals (n being even or odd) equally spaced in phase. n+1 CBTAs, n grounded capacitors and a grounded resistor are used for nth-state oscillator. The oscillation frequency can be independently controlled through transconductance (gm) of the CBTAs which are adjustable via their bias currents. The effects caused by the non-ideality of the CBTA on the oscillation frequency and condition have been analyzed. The performance of the proposed circuits is demonstrated on third-stage and fifth-stage MSOs by using PSPICE simulations based on the 0.25 µm TSMC level-7 CMOS technology parameters.

In this paper, a new current-mode (CM) circuit for realizing all of the first-order filter responses is suggested. The proposed configuration contains low number of components, only two NMOS transistors both operating in saturation region, two capacitors and two resistors. Major advantages of the presented circuit are low voltage, low noise and high linearity. The proposed filter circuit can simultaneously provide both inverting and non-inverting first-order low-pass, high-pass and all-pass filter responses. Computer simulation results achieved through SPICE tool and experimental results are given as examples to demonstrate performance and effectiveness of the proposed topology., In this paper, a new current-mode (CM) circuit for realizing all of the first-order filter responses is suggested. The proposed configuration contains low number of components, only two NMOS transistors both operating in saturation region, two capacitors and two resistors. Major advantages of the presented circuit are low voltage, low noise and high linearity. The proposed filter circuit can simultaneously provide both inverting and non-inverting first-order low-pass, high-pass and all-pass filter responses. Computer simulation results achieved through SPICE tool and experimental results are given as examples to demonstrate performance and effectiveness of the proposed topology.

In this paper, a new current-mode (CM) circuit for realizing all of the first-order filter responses is suggested. The proposed configuration contains low number of components, only two NMOS transistors both operating in saturation region, two capacitors and two resistors. Major advantages of the presented circuit are low voltage, low noise and high linearity. The proposed filter circuit can simultaneously provide both inverting and non-inverting first-order low-pass, high-pass and all-pass filter responses. Computer simulation results achieved through SPICE tool and experimental results are given as examples to demonstrate performance and effectiveness of the proposed topology., In this paper, a new current-mode (CM) circuit for realizing all of the first-order filter responses is suggested. The proposed configuration contains low number of components, only two NMOS transistors both operating in saturation region, two capacitors and two resistors. Major advantages of the presented circuit are low voltage, low noise and high linearity. The proposed filter circuit can simultaneously provide both inverting and non-inverting first-order low-pass, high-pass and all-pass filter responses. Computer simulation results achieved through SPICE tool and experimental results are given as examples to demonstrate performance and effectiveness of the proposed topology.

Current-mode (CM) and voltage-mode (VM) multiphase sinusoidal oscillator (MSO) structures using current backward transconductance amplifier (CBTA) are proposed. The proposed oscillators can generate n current or voltage signals (n being even or odd) equally spaced in phase. n+1 CBTAs, n grounded capacitors and a grounded resistor are used for nth-state oscillator. The oscillation frequency can be independently controlled through transconductance (gm) of the CBTAs which are adjustable via their bias currents. The effects caused by the non-ideality of the CBTA on the oscillation frequency and condition have been analyzed. The performance of the proposed circuits is demonstrated on third-stage and fifth-stage MSOs by using PSPICE simulations based on the 0.25 µm TSMC level-7 CMOS technology parameters.

In this paper, a new active element called voltage differencing inverting buffered amplifier (VDIBA) is presented. Using single VDIBA and a capacitor, a new resistorless voltage-mode (VM) first-order all-pass filter (APF) is proposed, which provides both inverting and non-inverting outputs at the same configuration simultaneously. The pole frequency of the filter can be electronically controlled by means of bias current of the internal transconductance. No component-matching conditions are required and it has low sensitivity. In addition, the parasitic and loading effects are also investigated. By connecting two newly introduced APFs in open loop a novel second-order APF is proposed. As another application, the proposed VM APF is connected in cascade to a lossy integrator in a closed loop to design a four-phase quadrature oscillator. The theoretical results are verified by SPICE simulations using TSMC 0.18 um level-7 CMOS process parameters with +-0.9 V supply voltages. Moreover, the behavior of the proposed VM APF was also experimentally measured using commercially available integrated circuit OPA860 by Texas Instruments., In this paper, a new active element called voltage differencing inverting buffered amplifier (VDIBA) is presented. Using single VDIBA and a capacitor, a new resistorless voltage-mode (VM) first-order all-pass filter (APF) is proposed, which provides both inverting and non-inverting outputs at the same configuration simultaneously. The pole frequency of the filter can be electronically controlled by means of bias current of the internal transconductance. No component-matching conditions are required and it has low sensitivity. In addition, the parasitic and loading effects are also investigated. By connecting two newly introduced APFs in open loop a novel second-order APF is proposed. As another application, the proposed VM APF is connected in cascade to a lossy integrator in a closed loop to design a four-phase quadrature oscillator. The theoretical results are verified by SPICE simulations using TSMC 0.18 um level-7 CMOS process parameters with +-0.9 V supply voltages. Moreover, the behavior of the proposed VM APF was also experimentally measured using commercially available integrated circuit OPA860 by Texas Instruments.

In this work, we present new topologies for realizing one lossless grounded inductor and two floating, one lossless and one lossy, inductors employing a single differential difference current conveyor (DDCC) and a minimum number of passive components, two resistors, and one grounded capacitor. The floating inductors are based on ordinary dual-output differential difference current conveyor (DO-DDCC) while the grounded lossless inductor is based one a modified dual-output differential difference current conveyor (MDO-DDCC). The proposed lossless floating inductor is obtained from the lossy one by employing a negative impedance converter (NIC). The non-ideality effects of the active element on the simulated inductors are investigated. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed grounded inductance simulator as an example, it is used to construct a parallel resonant circuit. SPICE simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis.

In this work, we present new topologies for realizing one lossless grounded inductor and two floating, one lossless and one lossy, inductors employing a single differential difference current conveyor (DDCC) and a minimum number of passive components, two resistors, and one grounded capacitor. The floating inductors are based on ordinary dual-output differential difference current conveyor (DO-DDCC) while the grounded lossless inductor is based one a modified dual-output differential difference current conveyor (MDO-DDCC). The proposed lossless floating inductor is obtained from the lossy one by employing a negative impedance converter (NIC). The non-ideality effects of the active element on the simulated inductors are investigated. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed grounded inductance simulator as an example, it is used to construct a parallel resonant circuit. SPICE simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis.

In this paper, two new circuits for realizing firstorder voltage-mode (VM) all-pass section (APS) with variable gain are presented. The first proposed filter uses a single differential difference current conveyor (DDCC), one grounded capacitor and three resistors. The second proposed filter consists of two DDCCs, three grounded resistors and one grounded capacitor. It provides highinput and low-output impedances and can provide high gain. Both of the proposed circuits do not require any element matching condition. Moreover, oscillator circuits with minimum number of active and passive elements are derived from the proposed APSs. The proposed circuits are tested experimentally or by simulation using SPICE program to confirm the theory.

In this paper, two new circuits for realizing firstorder voltage-mode (VM) all-pass section (APS) with variable gain are presented. The first proposed filter uses a single differential difference current conveyor (DDCC), one grounded capacitor and three resistors. The second proposed filter consists of two DDCCs, three grounded resistors and one grounded capacitor. It provides highinput and low-output impedances and can provide high gain. Both of the proposed circuits do not require any element matching condition. Moreover, oscillator circuits with minimum number of active and passive elements are derived from the proposed APSs. The proposed circuits are tested experimentally or by simulation using SPICE program to confirm the theory.

In this paper, two new circuits for realizing firstorder voltage-mode (VM) all-pass section (APS) with variable gain are presented. The first proposed filter uses a single differential difference current conveyor (DDCC), one grounded capacitor and three resistors. The second proposed filter consists of two DDCCs, three grounded resistors and one grounded capacitor. It provides highinput and low-output impedances and can provide high gain. Both of the proposed circuits do not require any element matching condition. Moreover, oscillator circuits with minimum number of active and passive elements are derived from the proposed APSs. The proposed circuits are tested experimentally or by simulation using SPICE program to confirm the theory.

In this paper, three squarer configurations and a current-mode (CM) full-wave rectifier circuit are suggested. The first and second squarer configurations respectively use two PMOS and two NMOS transistors while the third one employs three PMOS and one NMOS transistors. A CM full-wave rectifier with high output impedance current is developed. All of the proposed circuits provide several advantages such as low number of components and less power consumption. The proposed circuits are simulated using SPICE program to demonstrate their performance and workability.

In this paper, three squarer configurations and a current-mode (CM) full-wave rectifier circuit are suggested. The first and second squarer configurations respectively use two PMOS and two NMOS transistors while the third one employs three PMOS and one NMOS transistors. A CM full-wave rectifier with high output impedance current is developed. All of the proposed circuits provide several advantages such as low number of components and less power consumption. The proposed circuits are simulated using SPICE program to demonstrate their performance and workability.

In this paper, three squarer configurations and a current-mode (CM) full-wave rectifier circuit are suggested. The first and second squarer configurations respectively use two PMOS and two NMOS transistors while the third one employs three PMOS and one NMOS transistors. A CM full-wave rectifier with high output impedance current is developed. All of the proposed circuits provide several advantages such as low number of components and less power consumption. The proposed circuits are simulated using SPICE program to demonstrate their performance and workability.