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12 results on '"Moore, Jo"'

1. Microstructurally controlled trace element (Zr, U–Pb) concentrations in metamorphic rutile: An example from the amphibolites of the Bergen Arcs

Author

Moore, Jo, Beinlich, Andreas, Porter, Jennifer K., Talavera Rodriguez, Cristina, Berndt, J., Piazolo, S., Austrheim, H., Putnis, Andrew, Moore, Jo, Beinlich, Andreas, Porter, Jennifer K., Talavera Rodriguez, Cristina, Berndt, J., Piazolo, S., Austrheim, H., and Putnis, Andrew

Abstract

As a common constituent of metamorphic assemblages, rutile provides constraints on the timing and conditions of rock transformation at high resolution. However, very little is known about the links between trace element mobility and rutile microstructures that result from synmetamorphic deformation. To address this issue, here we combine in situ LA-ICP-MS and sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe trace element data with electron back-scatter diffraction microstructural analyses to investigate the links between rutile lattice distortions and Zr and U–Pb systematics. Furthermore, we apply this integrated approach to constrain further the temperature and timing of amphibolite facies metamorphism and deformation in the Bergen Arcs of southwestern Norway. In outcrop, the formation of porphyroblastic rutile in dynamically hydrated leucocratic domains of otherwise rutile-poor statically hydrated amphibolite provides key contextual information on both the ambient conditions of hydration and deformation and the composition of the reactive fluid. Rutile in amphibolite recorded ambient metamorphic temperatures of ~590–730°C during static hydration of the granulitic precursor. By contrast, rutile from leucocratic domains in the directly adjacent shear zone indicates that deformation was accompanied by a localized increase in temperature. These higher temperatures are recorded in strain-free rutile (~600–860°C) and by Zr concentration measurements on low-angle boundaries and shear bands (620–820°C). In addition, we also observe slight depletions of Zr and U along rutile low-angle boundaries relative to strain-free areas in deformed grains from the shear zone. This indicates that crystal–plastic deformation facilitated the compositional re-equilibration of rutile upon cooling to slightly below the peak temperature of deformation. Cessation of deformation at mid-crustal conditions near ~600°C is recorded by late stage growth of small (<150 µm) rutile in the high-strain zones. U

Published
2020

2. Metamorphic differentiation via enhanced dissolution along high permeability zones

Author

Moore, Jo, Beinlich, Andreas, Piazolo, S., Austrheim, H., Putnis, Andrew, Moore, Jo, Beinlich, Andreas, Piazolo, S., Austrheim, H., and Putnis, Andrew

Abstract

Metamorphic differentiation, resulting in segregated mineral bands, is commonly recorded in metamorphic rocks. Despite the ubiquitous nature of compositionally layered metamorphic rocks, the processes that are responsible for metamorphic differentiation receive very little attention. Here, detailed petrography, quantitative mineral chemistry and bulk rock analyses are applied to investigate compositional variations and assemblage microstructure. Furthermore, thermodynamic modelling is applied to provide additional constraints on the P-T-XH2O conditions of assemblage formation and mass transfer. The studied outcrop, located within the Bergen arcs of southwestern Norway, preserves the hydration of anorthositic granulite at amphibolite-facies conditions. The amphibolite-facies hydration is expressed as both a statically hydrated amphibolite and a shear zone lithology, defined by the interlayering of amphibolite with leucocratic domains. Within the granulite, quartz-lined fractures surrounded by amphibolite-facies alteration haloes represent relics of initial fluid infiltration associated with brittle failure. The fracture assemblage (quartz + plagioclase + zoisite + kyanite ± muscovite ± biotite) is identical to that occurring within leucocratic domains of the shear zone. Consequently, the compositional layering of the shear zone lithology is linked to fluid infiltration along localized zones of high permeability that result from fracturing. Mass-balance calculations indicate that quartz-lined fractures and compositional differentiation of the shear zone resulted from mass redistribution internal to the shear zone rather than partial melting or precipitation of minerals from externally derived fluid. The process of internal fractionation within the shear zone is driven by enhanced dissolution along highly permeable fracture planes resulting in the loss of MgO, Fetot and K2O from the leucocratic domains. Elements dissolved in the fluid are then transported and ultimatel

Published
2020

3. Petrophysical, Geochemical, and Hydrological Evidence for Extensive Fracture-Mediated Fluid and Heat Transport in the Alpine Fault's Hanging-Wall Damage Zone

Author

Townend, John, Sutherland, Rupert, Toy, Virginia G., Doan, Mai Linh, Célérier, Bernard, Massiot, Cécile, Coussens, Jamie, Jeppson, Tamara, Janku-Capova, Lucie, Remaud, Léa, Upton, Phaedra, Schmitt, Douglas R., Pezard, Philippe, Williams, Jack, Allen, Michael John, Baratin, Laura May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin M., Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil G.R., Carpenter, Brett M., Chamberlain, Calum J., Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon C., Craw, Lisa, Eccles, Jennifer D., Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Henry, Gilles, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Tim, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luis, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, André, Nishikawa, Osamu, Nitsch, Olivier, Paris, Jehanne, Prior, David J., Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha K., Schleicher, Anja, Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon A H, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, Zimmer, Martin, Townend, John, Sutherland, Rupert, Toy, Virginia G., Doan, Mai Linh, Célérier, Bernard, Massiot, Cécile, Coussens, Jamie, Jeppson, Tamara, Janku-Capova, Lucie, Remaud, Léa, Upton, Phaedra, Schmitt, Douglas R., Pezard, Philippe, Williams, Jack, Allen, Michael John, Baratin, Laura May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin M., Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil G.R., Carpenter, Brett M., Chamberlain, Calum J., Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon C., Craw, Lisa, Eccles, Jennifer D., Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Henry, Gilles, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Tim, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luis, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, André, Nishikawa, Osamu, Nitsch, Olivier, Paris, Jehanne, Prior, David J., Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha K., Schleicher, Anja, Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon A H, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, and Zimmer, Martin

Abstract

Fault rock assemblages reflect interaction between deformation, stress, temperature, fluid, and chemical regimes on distinct spatial and temporal scales at various positions in the crust. Here we interpret measurements made in the hanging-wall of the Alpine Fault during the second stage of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP-2). We present observational evidence for extensive fracturing and high hanging-wall hydraulic conductivity (∼10-9 to 10-7 m/s, corresponding to permeability of ∼10-16 to 10-14 m2) extending several hundred meters from the fault's principal slip zone. Mud losses, gas chemistry anomalies, and petrophysical data indicate that a subset of fractures intersected by the borehole are capable of transmitting fluid volumes of several cubic meters on time scales of hours. DFDP-2 observations and other data suggest that this hydrogeologically active portion of the fault zone in the hanging-wall is several kilometers wide in the uppermost crust. This finding is consistent with numerical models of earthquake rupture and off-fault damage. We conclude that the mechanically and hydrogeologically active part of the Alpine Fault is a more dynamic and extensive feature than commonly described in models based on exhumed faults. We propose that the hydrogeologically active damage zone of the Alpine Fault and other large active faults in areas of high topographic relief can be subdivided into an inner zone in which damage is controlled principally by earthquake rupture processes and an outer zone in which damage reflects coseismic shaking, strain accumulation and release on interseismic timescales, and inherited fracturing related to exhumation.

Published
2017

4. Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault

Author

Sutherland, Rupert, Townend, John, Toy, Virginia, Upton, Phaedra, Coussens, Jamie, Allen, Michael, Baratin, Laura May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin, Boles, Austin, Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil G.R., Janku-Capova, Lucie, Carpenter, Brett M., Célérier, Bernard, Chamberlain, Calum, Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon, Craw, Lisa, Doan, Mai Linh, Eccles, Jennifer, Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Jeppson, Tamara, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Timothy, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Massiot, Cécile, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luiz, Morgan, Chance, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, Andre, Nishikawa, Osamu, Prior, David, Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha, Schleicher, Anja, Schmitt, Douglas R., Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, Williams, Jack, Woodman, Nick, Zimmer, Martin, Sutherland, Rupert, Townend, John, Toy, Virginia, Upton, Phaedra, Coussens, Jamie, Allen, Michael, Baratin, Laura May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin, Boles, Austin, Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil G.R., Janku-Capova, Lucie, Carpenter, Brett M., Célérier, Bernard, Chamberlain, Calum, Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon, Craw, Lisa, Doan, Mai Linh, Eccles, Jennifer, Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Jeppson, Tamara, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Timothy, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Massiot, Cécile, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luiz, Morgan, Chance, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, Andre, Nishikawa, Osamu, Prior, David, Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha, Schleicher, Anja, Schmitt, Douglas R., Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, Williams, Jack, Woodman, Nick, and Zimmer, Martin

Abstract

Temperature and fluid pressure conditions control rock deformation and mineralization on geological faults, and hence the distribution of earthquakes. Typical intraplate continental crust has hydrostatic fluid pressure and a near-surface thermal gradient of 31 ± 15 degrees Celsius per kilometre. At temperatures above 300-450 degrees Celsius, usually found at depths greater than 10-15 kilometres, the intra-crystalline plasticity of quartz and feldspar relieves stress by aseismic creep and earthquakes are infrequent. Hydrothermal conditions control the stability of mineral phases and hence frictional-mechanical processes associated with earthquake rupture cycles, but there are few temperature and fluid pressure data from active plate-bounding faults. Here we report results from a borehole drilled into the upper part of the Alpine Fault, which is late in its cycle of stress accumulation and expected to rupture in a magnitude 8 earthquake in the coming decades. The borehole (depth 893 metres) revealed a pore fluid pressure gradient exceeding 9 ± 1 per cent above hydrostatic levels and an average geothermal gradient of 125 ± 55 degrees Celsius per kilometre within the hanging wall of the fault. These extreme hydrothermal conditions result from rapid fault movement, which transports rock and heat from depth, and topographically driven fluid movement that concentrates heat into valleys. Shear heating may occur within the fault but is not required to explain our observations. Our data and models show that highly anomalous fluid pressure and temperature gradients in the upper part of the seismogenic zone can be created by positive feedbacks between processes of fault slip, rock fracturing and alteration, and landscape development at plate-bounding faults.

Published
2017

5. Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault.

Author

Sutherland, Rupert, Sutherland, Rupert, Townend, John, Toy, Virginia, Upton, Phaedra, Coussens, Jamie, Allen, Michael, Baratin, Laura-May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin, Boles, Austin, Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil GR, Janku-Capova, Lucie, Carpenter, Brett M, Célérier, Bernard, Chamberlain, Calum, Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon, Craw, Lisa, Doan, Mai-Linh, Eccles, Jennifer, Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Jeppson, Tamara, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Timothy, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Massiot, Cécile, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luiz, Morgan, Chance, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, Andre, Nishikawa, Osamu, Prior, David, Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha, Schleicher, Anja, Schmitt, Douglas R, Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, Williams, Jack, Woodman, Nick, Zimmer, Martin, Sutherland, Rupert, Sutherland, Rupert, Townend, John, Toy, Virginia, Upton, Phaedra, Coussens, Jamie, Allen, Michael, Baratin, Laura-May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin, Boles, Austin, Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil GR, Janku-Capova, Lucie, Carpenter, Brett M, Célérier, Bernard, Chamberlain, Calum, Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon, Craw, Lisa, Doan, Mai-Linh, Eccles, Jennifer, Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Jeppson, Tamara, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Timothy, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Massiot, Cécile, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luiz, Morgan, Chance, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, Andre, Nishikawa, Osamu, Prior, David, Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha, Schleicher, Anja, Schmitt, Douglas R, Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, Williams, Jack, Woodman, Nick, and Zimmer, Martin

Abstract

Temperature and fluid pressure conditions control rock deformation and mineralization on geological faults, and hence the distribution of earthquakes. Typical intraplate continental crust has hydrostatic fluid pressure and a near-surface thermal gradient of 31 ± 15 degrees Celsius per kilometre. At temperatures above 300-450 degrees Celsius, usually found at depths greater than 10-15 kilometres, the intra-crystalline plasticity of quartz and feldspar relieves stress by aseismic creep and earthquakes are infrequent. Hydrothermal conditions control the stability of mineral phases and hence frictional-mechanical processes associated with earthquake rupture cycles, but there are few temperature and fluid pressure data from active plate-bounding faults. Here we report results from a borehole drilled into the upper part of the Alpine Fault, which is late in its cycle of stress accumulation and expected to rupture in a magnitude 8 earthquake in the coming decades. The borehole (depth 893 metres) revealed a pore fluid pressure gradient exceeding 9 ± 1 per cent above hydrostatic levels and an average geothermal gradient of 125 ± 55 degrees Celsius per kilometre within the hanging wall of the fault. These extreme hydrothermal conditions result from rapid fault movement, which transports rock and heat from depth, and topographically driven fluid movement that concentrates heat into valleys. Shear heating may occur within the fault but is not required to explain our observations. Our data and models show that highly anomalous fluid pressure and temperature gradients in the upper part of the seismogenic zone can be created by positive feedbacks between processes of fault slip, rock fracturing and alteration, and landscape development at plate-bounding faults.

Published
2017

6. Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault

Author

Experimental rock deformation, Sutherland, Rupert, Townend, John, Toy, Virginia, Upton, Phaedra, Coussens, Jamie, Allen, Michael, Baratin, Laura May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin, Boles, Austin, Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil G.R., Janku-Capova, Lucie, Carpenter, Brett M., Célérier, Bernard, Chamberlain, Calum, Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon, Craw, Lisa, Doan, Mai Linh, Eccles, Jennifer, Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Jeppson, Tamara, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Timothy, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Massiot, Cécile, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luiz, Morgan, Chance, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, Andre, Nishikawa, Osamu, Prior, David, Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha, Schleicher, Anja, Schmitt, Douglas R., Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, Williams, Jack, Woodman, Nick, Zimmer, Martin, Experimental rock deformation, Sutherland, Rupert, Townend, John, Toy, Virginia, Upton, Phaedra, Coussens, Jamie, Allen, Michael, Baratin, Laura May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin, Boles, Austin, Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil G.R., Janku-Capova, Lucie, Carpenter, Brett M., Célérier, Bernard, Chamberlain, Calum, Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon, Craw, Lisa, Doan, Mai Linh, Eccles, Jennifer, Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Jeppson, Tamara, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Timothy, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Massiot, Cécile, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luiz, Morgan, Chance, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, Andre, Nishikawa, Osamu, Prior, David, Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha, Schleicher, Anja, Schmitt, Douglas R., Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, Williams, Jack, Woodman, Nick, and Zimmer, Martin

Published
2017

7. Petrophysical, Geochemical, and Hydrological Evidence for Extensive Fracture-Mediated Fluid and Heat Transport in the Alpine Fault's Hanging-Wall Damage Zone

Author

Experimental rock deformation, Townend, John, Sutherland, Rupert, Toy, Virginia G., Doan, Mai Linh, Célérier, Bernard, Massiot, Cécile, Coussens, Jamie, Jeppson, Tamara, Janku-Capova, Lucie, Remaud, Léa, Upton, Phaedra, Schmitt, Douglas R., Pezard, Philippe, Williams, Jack, Allen, Michael John, Baratin, Laura May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin M., Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil G.R., Carpenter, Brett M., Chamberlain, Calum J., Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon C., Craw, Lisa, Eccles, Jennifer D., Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Henry, Gilles, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Tim, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luis, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, André, Nishikawa, Osamu, Nitsch, Olivier, Paris, Jehanne, Prior, David J., Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha K., Schleicher, Anja, Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon A H, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, Zimmer, Martin, Experimental rock deformation, Townend, John, Sutherland, Rupert, Toy, Virginia G., Doan, Mai Linh, Célérier, Bernard, Massiot, Cécile, Coussens, Jamie, Jeppson, Tamara, Janku-Capova, Lucie, Remaud, Léa, Upton, Phaedra, Schmitt, Douglas R., Pezard, Philippe, Williams, Jack, Allen, Michael John, Baratin, Laura May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin M., Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil G.R., Carpenter, Brett M., Chamberlain, Calum J., Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon C., Craw, Lisa, Eccles, Jennifer D., Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Henry, Gilles, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Tim, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luis, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, André, Nishikawa, Osamu, Nitsch, Olivier, Paris, Jehanne, Prior, David J., Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha K., Schleicher, Anja, Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon A H, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, and Zimmer, Martin

Published
2017

8. Petrophysical, Geochemical, and Hydrological Evidence for Extensive Fracture-Mediated Fluid and Heat Transport in the Alpine Fault's Hanging-Wall Damage Zone

Author

Experimental rock deformation, Townend, John, Sutherland, Rupert, Toy, Virginia G., Doan, Mai Linh, Célérier, Bernard, Massiot, Cécile, Coussens, Jamie, Jeppson, Tamara, Janku-Capova, Lucie, Remaud, Léa, Upton, Phaedra, Schmitt, Douglas R., Pezard, Philippe, Williams, Jack, Allen, Michael John, Baratin, Laura May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin M., Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil G.R., Carpenter, Brett M., Chamberlain, Calum J., Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon C., Craw, Lisa, Eccles, Jennifer D., Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Henry, Gilles, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Tim, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luis, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, André, Nishikawa, Osamu, Nitsch, Olivier, Paris, Jehanne, Prior, David J., Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha K., Schleicher, Anja, Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon A H, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, Zimmer, Martin, Experimental rock deformation, Townend, John, Sutherland, Rupert, Toy, Virginia G., Doan, Mai Linh, Célérier, Bernard, Massiot, Cécile, Coussens, Jamie, Jeppson, Tamara, Janku-Capova, Lucie, Remaud, Léa, Upton, Phaedra, Schmitt, Douglas R., Pezard, Philippe, Williams, Jack, Allen, Michael John, Baratin, Laura May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin M., Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil G.R., Carpenter, Brett M., Chamberlain, Calum J., Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon C., Craw, Lisa, Eccles, Jennifer D., Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Henry, Gilles, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Tim, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luis, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, André, Nishikawa, Osamu, Nitsch, Olivier, Paris, Jehanne, Prior, David J., Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha K., Schleicher, Anja, Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon A H, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, and Zimmer, Martin

Published
2017

9. Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault

Author

Experimental rock deformation, Sutherland, Rupert, Townend, John, Toy, Virginia, Upton, Phaedra, Coussens, Jamie, Allen, Michael, Baratin, Laura May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin, Boles, Austin, Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil G.R., Janku-Capova, Lucie, Carpenter, Brett M., Célérier, Bernard, Chamberlain, Calum, Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon, Craw, Lisa, Doan, Mai Linh, Eccles, Jennifer, Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Jeppson, Tamara, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Timothy, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Massiot, Cécile, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luiz, Morgan, Chance, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, Andre, Nishikawa, Osamu, Prior, David, Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha, Schleicher, Anja, Schmitt, Douglas R., Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, Williams, Jack, Woodman, Nick, Zimmer, Martin, Experimental rock deformation, Sutherland, Rupert, Townend, John, Toy, Virginia, Upton, Phaedra, Coussens, Jamie, Allen, Michael, Baratin, Laura May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin, Boles, Austin, Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil G.R., Janku-Capova, Lucie, Carpenter, Brett M., Célérier, Bernard, Chamberlain, Calum, Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon, Craw, Lisa, Doan, Mai Linh, Eccles, Jennifer, Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Jeppson, Tamara, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Timothy, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Massiot, Cécile, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luiz, Morgan, Chance, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, Andre, Nishikawa, Osamu, Prior, David, Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha, Schleicher, Anja, Schmitt, Douglas R., Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, Williams, Jack, Woodman, Nick, and Zimmer, Martin

Published
2017

10. Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault.

Author

Sutherland, Rupert, Sutherland, Rupert, Townend, John, Toy, Virginia, Upton, Phaedra, Coussens, Jamie, Allen, Michael, Baratin, Laura-May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin, Boles, Austin, Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil GR, Janku-Capova, Lucie, Carpenter, Brett M, Célérier, Bernard, Chamberlain, Calum, Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon, Craw, Lisa, Doan, Mai-Linh, Eccles, Jennifer, Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Jeppson, Tamara, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Timothy, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Massiot, Cécile, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luiz, Morgan, Chance, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, Andre, Nishikawa, Osamu, Prior, David, Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha, Schleicher, Anja, Schmitt, Douglas R, Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, Williams, Jack, Woodman, Nick, Zimmer, Martin, Sutherland, Rupert, Sutherland, Rupert, Townend, John, Toy, Virginia, Upton, Phaedra, Coussens, Jamie, Allen, Michael, Baratin, Laura-May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin, Boles, Austin, Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil GR, Janku-Capova, Lucie, Carpenter, Brett M, Célérier, Bernard, Chamberlain, Calum, Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon, Craw, Lisa, Doan, Mai-Linh, Eccles, Jennifer, Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Jeppson, Tamara, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Timothy, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Massiot, Cécile, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luiz, Morgan, Chance, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, Andre, Nishikawa, Osamu, Prior, David, Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha, Schleicher, Anja, Schmitt, Douglas R, Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, Williams, Jack, Woodman, Nick, and Zimmer, Martin

Abstract

Temperature and fluid pressure conditions control rock deformation and mineralization on geological faults, and hence the distribution of earthquakes. Typical intraplate continental crust has hydrostatic fluid pressure and a near-surface thermal gradient of 31 ± 15 degrees Celsius per kilometre. At temperatures above 300-450 degrees Celsius, usually found at depths greater than 10-15 kilometres, the intra-crystalline plasticity of quartz and feldspar relieves stress by aseismic creep and earthquakes are infrequent. Hydrothermal conditions control the stability of mineral phases and hence frictional-mechanical processes associated with earthquake rupture cycles, but there are few temperature and fluid pressure data from active plate-bounding faults. Here we report results from a borehole drilled into the upper part of the Alpine Fault, which is late in its cycle of stress accumulation and expected to rupture in a magnitude 8 earthquake in the coming decades. The borehole (depth 893 metres) revealed a pore fluid pressure gradient exceeding 9 ± 1 per cent above hydrostatic levels and an average geothermal gradient of 125 ± 55 degrees Celsius per kilometre within the hanging wall of the fault. These extreme hydrothermal conditions result from rapid fault movement, which transports rock and heat from depth, and topographically driven fluid movement that concentrates heat into valleys. Shear heating may occur within the fault but is not required to explain our observations. Our data and models show that highly anomalous fluid pressure and temperature gradients in the upper part of the seismogenic zone can be created by positive feedbacks between processes of fault slip, rock fracturing and alteration, and landscape development at plate-bounding faults.

Published
2017

11. Petrophysical, Geochemical, and Hydrological Evidence for Extensive Fracture-Mediated Fluid and Heat Transport in the Alpine Fault's Hanging-Wall Damage Zone

Author

Experimental rock deformation, Townend, John, Sutherland, Rupert, Toy, Virginia G., Doan, Mai Linh, Célérier, Bernard, Massiot, Cécile, Coussens, Jamie, Jeppson, Tamara, Janku-Capova, Lucie, Remaud, Léa, Upton, Phaedra, Schmitt, Douglas R., Pezard, Philippe, Williams, Jack, Allen, Michael John, Baratin, Laura May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin M., Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil G.R., Carpenter, Brett M., Chamberlain, Calum J., Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon C., Craw, Lisa, Eccles, Jennifer D., Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Henry, Gilles, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Tim, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luis, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, André, Nishikawa, Osamu, Nitsch, Olivier, Paris, Jehanne, Prior, David J., Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha K., Schleicher, Anja, Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon A H, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, Zimmer, Martin, Experimental rock deformation, Townend, John, Sutherland, Rupert, Toy, Virginia G., Doan, Mai Linh, Célérier, Bernard, Massiot, Cécile, Coussens, Jamie, Jeppson, Tamara, Janku-Capova, Lucie, Remaud, Léa, Upton, Phaedra, Schmitt, Douglas R., Pezard, Philippe, Williams, Jack, Allen, Michael John, Baratin, Laura May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin M., Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil G.R., Carpenter, Brett M., Chamberlain, Calum J., Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon C., Craw, Lisa, Eccles, Jennifer D., Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Henry, Gilles, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Tim, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luis, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, André, Nishikawa, Osamu, Nitsch, Olivier, Paris, Jehanne, Prior, David J., Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha K., Schleicher, Anja, Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon A H, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, and Zimmer, Martin

Published
2017

12. Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault

Author

Experimental rock deformation, Sutherland, Rupert, Townend, John, Toy, Virginia, Upton, Phaedra, Coussens, Jamie, Allen, Michael, Baratin, Laura May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin, Boles, Austin, Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil G.R., Janku-Capova, Lucie, Carpenter, Brett M., Célérier, Bernard, Chamberlain, Calum, Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon, Craw, Lisa, Doan, Mai Linh, Eccles, Jennifer, Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Jeppson, Tamara, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Timothy, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Massiot, Cécile, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luiz, Morgan, Chance, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, Andre, Nishikawa, Osamu, Prior, David, Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha, Schleicher, Anja, Schmitt, Douglas R., Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, Williams, Jack, Woodman, Nick, Zimmer, Martin, Experimental rock deformation, Sutherland, Rupert, Townend, John, Toy, Virginia, Upton, Phaedra, Coussens, Jamie, Allen, Michael, Baratin, Laura May, Barth, Nicolas, Becroft, Leeza, Boese, Carolin, Boles, Austin, Boulton, Carolyn, Broderick, Neil G.R., Janku-Capova, Lucie, Carpenter, Brett M., Célérier, Bernard, Chamberlain, Calum, Cooper, Alan, Coutts, Ashley, Cox, Simon, Craw, Lisa, Doan, Mai Linh, Eccles, Jennifer, Faulkner, Dan, Grieve, Jason, Grochowski, Julia, Gulley, Anton, Hartog, Arthur, Howarth, Jamie, Jacobs, Katrina, Jeppson, Tamara, Kato, Naoki, Keys, Steven, Kirilova, Martina, Kometani, Yusuke, Langridge, Rob, Lin, Weiren, Little, Timothy, Lukacs, Adrienn, Mallyon, Deirdre, Mariani, Elisabetta, Massiot, Cécile, Mathewson, Loren, Melosh, Ben, Menzies, Catriona, Moore, Jo, Morales, Luiz, Morgan, Chance, Mori, Hiroshi, Niemeijer, Andre, Nishikawa, Osamu, Prior, David, Sauer, Katrina, Savage, Martha, Schleicher, Anja, Schmitt, Douglas R., Shigematsu, Norio, Taylor-Offord, Sam, Teagle, Damon, Tobin, Harold, Valdez, Robert, Weaver, Konrad, Wiersberg, Thomas, Williams, Jack, Woodman, Nick, and Zimmer, Martin

Published
2017

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