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1. Virus taxonomy and the role of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)

Author

Siddell, Stuart G, Smith, Donald B, Adriaenssens, Evelien, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dutilh, Bas E, Garcia, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, F Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Smith, Donald B, Adriaenssens, Evelien, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dutilh, Bas E, Garcia, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, F Murilo

Abstract

The taxonomy of viruses is developed and overseen by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), which scrutinizes, approves and ratifies taxonomic proposals, and maintains a list of virus taxa with approved names (https://ictv.global). The ICTV has approximately 180 members who vote by simple majority. Taxon-specific Study Groups established by the ICTV have a combined membership of over 600 scientists from the wider virology community; they provide comprehensive expertise across the range of known viruses and are major contributors to the creation and evaluation of taxonomic proposals. Proposals can be submitted by anyone and will be considered by the ICTV irrespective of Study Group support. Thus, virus taxonomy is developed from within the virology community and realized by a democratic decision-making process. The ICTV upholds the distinction between a virus or replicating genetic element as a physical entity and the taxon category to which it is assigned. This is reflected by the nomenclature of the virus species taxon, which is now mandated by the ICTV to be in a binomial format (genus + species epithet) and is typographically distinct from the names of viruses. Classification of viruses below the rank of species (such as, genotypes or strains) is not within the remit of the ICTV. This article, authored by the ICTV Executive Committee, explains the principles of virus taxonomy and the organization, function, processes and resources of the ICTV, with the aim of encouraging greater understanding and interaction among the wider virology community.

Published
2023

2. Four principles to establish a universal virus taxonomy

Author

Simmonds, Peter, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Zerbini, F Murilo, Abrescia, Nicola G A, Aiewsakun, Pakorn, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Bao, Yiming, Barylski, Jakub, Drosten, Christian, Duffy, Siobain, Duprex, W Paul, Dutilh, Bas E, Elena, Santiago F, García, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Katzourakis, Aris, Koonin, Eugene V, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Lood, Cédric, Mahony, Jennifer, Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Poranen, Minna M, Reyes-Muñoz, Alejandro, Robertson, David L, Roux, Simon, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Siddell, Stuart, Skern, Tim, Smith, Donald B, Sullivan, Matthew B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Turner, Dann, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Vasilakis, Nikos, Simmonds, Peter, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Zerbini, F Murilo, Abrescia, Nicola G A, Aiewsakun, Pakorn, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Bao, Yiming, Barylski, Jakub, Drosten, Christian, Duffy, Siobain, Duprex, W Paul, Dutilh, Bas E, Elena, Santiago F, García, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Katzourakis, Aris, Koonin, Eugene V, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Lood, Cédric, Mahony, Jennifer, Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Poranen, Minna M, Reyes-Muñoz, Alejandro, Robertson, David L, Roux, Simon, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Siddell, Stuart, Skern, Tim, Smith, Donald B, Sullivan, Matthew B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Turner, Dann, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Vasilakis, Nikos

Abstract

A universal taxonomy of viruses is essential for a comprehensive view of the virus world and for communicating the complicated evolutionary relationships among viruses. However, there are major differences in the conceptualisation and approaches to virus classification and nomenclature among virologists, clinicians, agronomists, and other interested parties. Here, we provide recommendations to guide the construction of a coherent and comprehensive virus taxonomy, based on expert scientific consensus. Firstly, assignments of viruses should be congruent with the best attainable reconstruction of their evolutionary histories, i.e., taxa should be monophyletic. This fundamental principle for classification of viruses is currently included in the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) code only for the rank of species. Secondly, phenotypic and ecological properties of viruses may inform, but not override, evolutionary relatedness in the placement of ranks. Thirdly, alternative classifications that consider phenotypic attributes, such as being vector-borne (e.g., "arboviruses"), infecting a certain type of host (e.g., "mycoviruses," "bacteriophages") or displaying specific pathogenicity (e.g., "human immunodeficiency viruses"), may serve important clinical and regulatory purposes but often create polyphyletic categories that do not reflect evolutionary relationships. Nevertheless, such classifications ought to be maintained if they serve the needs of specific communities or play a practical clinical or regulatory role. However, they should not be considered or called taxonomies. Finally, while an evolution-based framework enables viruses discovered by metagenomics to be incorporated into the ICTV taxonomy, there are essential requirements for quality control of the sequence data used for these assignments. Combined, these four principles will enable future development and expansion of virus taxonomy as the true evolutionary diversity of viruses becomes a

Published
2023

3. Erratum: Correction to: Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratifed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023) (Archives of virology (2023) 168 7 (175))

Author

Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, and Varsani, Arvind

Abstract

The correction refers to the sentence: Another notable taxonomic change approved in this ratification was the inclusion of gene transfer agents (GTAs) in the classification scheme as viriforms [153]. The sentence should read: Another notable taxonomic change approved in this ratification was the inclusion of gene transfer agents (GTAs) in the classification scheme as viriforms [154]. The original article has been corrected.

Published
2023

4. Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023)

Author

Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, and Varsani, Arvind

Abstract

This article reports changes to virus taxonomy and taxon nomenclature that were approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in April 2023. The entire ICTV membership was invited to vote on 174 taxonomic proposals that had been approved by the ICTV Executive Committee in July 2022, as well as a proposed revision of the ICTV Statutes. All proposals and the revised ICTV Statutes were approved by a majority of the voting membership. Of note, the ICTV continued the process of renaming existing species in accordance with the recently mandated binomial format and included gene transfer agents (GTAs) in the classification framework by classifying them as viriforms. In total, one class, seven orders, 31 families, 214 genera, and 858 species were created.

Published
2023

5. Four principles to establish a universal virus taxonomy.

Author

Simmonds, Peter, Simmonds, Peter, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Zerbini, F Murilo, Abrescia, Nicola GA, Aiewsakun, Pakorn, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Bao, Yiming, Barylski, Jakub, Drosten, Christian, Duffy, Siobain, Duprex, W Paul, Dutilh, Bas E, Elena, Santiago F, García, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Katzourakis, Aris, Koonin, Eugene V, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Lood, Cédric, Mahony, Jennifer, Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Poranen, Minna M, Reyes-Muñoz, Alejandro, Robertson, David L, Roux, Simon, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Siddell, Stuart, Skern, Tim, Smith, Donald B, Sullivan, Matthew B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Turner, Dann, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Vasilakis, Nikos, Simmonds, Peter, Simmonds, Peter, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Zerbini, F Murilo, Abrescia, Nicola GA, Aiewsakun, Pakorn, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Bao, Yiming, Barylski, Jakub, Drosten, Christian, Duffy, Siobain, Duprex, W Paul, Dutilh, Bas E, Elena, Santiago F, García, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Katzourakis, Aris, Koonin, Eugene V, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Lood, Cédric, Mahony, Jennifer, Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Poranen, Minna M, Reyes-Muñoz, Alejandro, Robertson, David L, Roux, Simon, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Siddell, Stuart, Skern, Tim, Smith, Donald B, Sullivan, Matthew B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Turner, Dann, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Vasilakis, Nikos

Abstract

A universal taxonomy of viruses is essential for a comprehensive view of the virus world and for communicating the complicated evolutionary relationships among viruses. However, there are major differences in the conceptualisation and approaches to virus classification and nomenclature among virologists, clinicians, agronomists, and other interested parties. Here, we provide recommendations to guide the construction of a coherent and comprehensive virus taxonomy, based on expert scientific consensus. Firstly, assignments of viruses should be congruent with the best attainable reconstruction of their evolutionary histories, i.e., taxa should be monophyletic. This fundamental principle for classification of viruses is currently included in the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) code only for the rank of species. Secondly, phenotypic and ecological properties of viruses may inform, but not override, evolutionary relatedness in the placement of ranks. Thirdly, alternative classifications that consider phenotypic attributes, such as being vector-borne (e.g., "arboviruses"), infecting a certain type of host (e.g., "mycoviruses," "bacteriophages") or displaying specific pathogenicity (e.g., "human immunodeficiency viruses"), may serve important clinical and regulatory purposes but often create polyphyletic categories that do not reflect evolutionary relationships. Nevertheless, such classifications ought to be maintained if they serve the needs of specific communities or play a practical clinical or regulatory role. However, they should not be considered or called taxonomies. Finally, while an evolution-based framework enables viruses discovered by metagenomics to be incorporated into the ICTV taxonomy, there are essential requirements for quality control of the sequence data used for these assignments. Combined, these four principles will enable future development and expansion of virus taxonomy as the true evolutionary diversity of viruses becomes appa

Published
2023

6. Virus taxonomy and the role of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Smith, Donald B, Adriaenssens, Evelien, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dutilh, Bas E, Garcia, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, F Murilo, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Smith, Donald B, Adriaenssens, Evelien, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dutilh, Bas E, Garcia, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, F Murilo

Published
2023

7. Four principles to establish a universal virus taxonomy

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Simmonds, Peter, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Zerbini, F Murilo, Abrescia, Nicola G A, Aiewsakun, Pakorn, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Bao, Yiming, Barylski, Jakub, Drosten, Christian, Duffy, Siobain, Duprex, W Paul, Dutilh, Bas E, Elena, Santiago F, García, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Katzourakis, Aris, Koonin, Eugene V, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Lood, Cédric, Mahony, Jennifer, Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Poranen, Minna M, Reyes-Muñoz, Alejandro, Robertson, David L, Roux, Simon, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Siddell, Stuart, Skern, Tim, Smith, Donald B, Sullivan, Matthew B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Turner, Dann, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Vasilakis, Nikos, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Simmonds, Peter, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Zerbini, F Murilo, Abrescia, Nicola G A, Aiewsakun, Pakorn, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Bao, Yiming, Barylski, Jakub, Drosten, Christian, Duffy, Siobain, Duprex, W Paul, Dutilh, Bas E, Elena, Santiago F, García, Maria Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Katzourakis, Aris, Koonin, Eugene V, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Lood, Cédric, Mahony, Jennifer, Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P, Mushegian, Arcady R, Oksanen, Hanna M, Poranen, Minna M, Reyes-Muñoz, Alejandro, Robertson, David L, Roux, Simon, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Siddell, Stuart, Skern, Tim, Smith, Donald B, Sullivan, Matthew B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Turner, Dann, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Vasilakis, Nikos

Published
2023

8. Erratum: Correction to: Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratifed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023) (Archives of virology (2023) 168 7 (175))

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, and Varsani, Arvind

Published
2023

9. Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023)

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, and Varsani, Arvind

Published
2023

10. Differentiating between viruses and virus species by writing their names correctly

Author

Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Mushegian, Arcady R, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Mushegian, Arcady R, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, and Varsani, Arvind

Abstract

Following the results of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Ratification Vote held in March 2021, a standard two-part "binomial nomenclature" is now the norm for naming virus species. Adoption of the new nomenclature is still in its infancy; thus, it is timely to reiterate the distinction between "virus" and "virus species" and to provide guidelines for naming and writing them correctly.

Published
2022

11. Recent changes to virus taxonomy ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2022)

Author

Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Curtis Hendrickson, R, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Curtis Hendrickson, R, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, Francisco Murilo

Abstract

This article reports the changes to virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in March 2022. The entire ICTV was invited to vote on 174 taxonomic proposals approved by the ICTV Executive Committee at its annual meeting in July 2021. All proposals were ratified by an absolute majority of the ICTV members. Of note, the Study Groups have started to implement the new rule for uniform virus species naming that became effective in 2021 and mandates the binomial 'Genus_name species_epithet' format with or without Latinization. As a result of this ratification, the names of 6,481 virus species (more than 60 percent of all species names currently recognized by ICTV) now follow this format.

Published
2022

12. Recent changes to virus taxonomy ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2022)

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Curtis Hendrickson, R, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Curtis Hendrickson, R, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, Francisco Murilo

Published
2022

13. Differentiating between viruses and virus species by writing their names correctly

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Mushegian, Arcady R, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Mushegian, Arcady R, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, and Varsani, Arvind

Published
2022

14. Differentiating between viruses and virus species by writing their names correctly

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Mushegian, Arcady R, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Siddell, Stuart G, Mushegian, Arcady R, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, and Varsani, Arvind

Published
2022

15. Recent changes to virus taxonomy ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2022)

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Curtis Hendrickson, R, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Curtis Hendrickson, R, Junglen, Sandra, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Doorslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, Francisco Murilo

Published
2022

16. Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021)

Author

Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Davison, Andrew J, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Nibert, Max L, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Dooerslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Davison, Andrew J, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Nibert, Max L, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Dooerslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, Francisco Murilo

Abstract

This article reports the changes to virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in March 2021. The entire ICTV was invited to vote on 290 taxonomic proposals approved by the ICTV Executive Committee at its meeting in October 2020, as well as on the proposed revision of the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN). All proposals and the revision were ratified by an absolute majority of the ICTV members. Of note, ICTV mandated a uniform rule for virus species naming, which will follow the binomial 'genus-species' format with or without Latinized species epithets. The Study Groups are requested to convert all previously established species names to the new format. ICTV has also abolished the notion of a type species, i.e., a species chosen to serve as a name-bearing type of a virus genus. The remit of ICTV has been clarified through an official definition of 'virus' and several other types of mobile genetic elements. The ICVCN and ICTV Statutes have been amended to reflect these changes.

Published
2021

17. Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021)

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Davison, Andrew J, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Nibert, Max L, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Dooerslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Davison, Andrew J, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Nibert, Max L, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Dooerslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, Francisco Murilo

Published
2021

18. Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021)

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Davison, Andrew J, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Nibert, Max L, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Dooerslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Davison, Andrew J, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Nibert, Max L, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Dooerslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, Francisco Murilo

Published
2021

19. Changes to virus taxonomy and to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2021)

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Davison, Andrew J, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Nibert, Max L, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Dooerslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Alfenas-Zerbini, Poliane, Davison, Andrew J, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, García, María Laura, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Lambert, Amy J, Łobocka, Małgorzata, Nibert, Max L, Oksanen, Hanna M, Orton, Richard J, Robertson, David L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Suzuki, Nobuhiro, Van Dooerslaer, Koenraad, Vandamme, Anne-Mieke, Varsani, Arvind, and Zerbini, Francisco Murilo

Published
2021

20. Changes to virus taxonomy and the Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020)

Author

Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Orton, Richard J, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Orton, Richard J, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Abstract

This article reports the changes to virus classification and taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in March 2020. The entire ICTV was invited to vote on 206 taxonomic proposals approved by the ICTV Executive Committee at its meeting in July 2019, as well as on the proposed revision of the ICTV Statutes. All proposals and the revision of the Statutes were approved by an absolute majority of the ICTV voting membership. Of note, ICTV has approved a proposal that extends the previously established realm Riboviria to encompass nearly all RNA viruses and reverse-transcribing viruses, and approved three separate proposals to establish three realms for viruses with DNA genomes.

Published
2020

21. Correction to:: Binomial nomenclature for virus species: a consultation

Author

Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Abstract

The article Binomial nomenclature for virus species: a consultation, written by Stuart G. Siddell, Peter J. Walker, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Arcady R. Mushegian, Bas E. Dutilh.

Published
2020

22. Binomial nomenclature for virus species: a consultation

Author

Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Abstract

The Executive Committee of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) recognizes the need for a standardized nomenclature for virus species. This article sets out the case for establishing a binomial nomenclature and presents the advantages and disadvantages of different naming formats. The Executive Committee understands that adopting a binomial system would have major practical consequences, and invites comments from the virology community before making any decisions to change the existing nomenclature. The Executive Committee will take account of these comments in deciding whether to approve a standardized binomial system at its next meeting in October 2020. Note that this system would relate only to the formal names of virus species and not to the names of viruses.

Published
2020

23. Changes to virus taxonomy and the Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020)

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Orton, Richard J, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Orton, Richard J, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2020

24. Correction to:: Binomial nomenclature for virus species: a consultation

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2020

25. Binomial nomenclature for virus species: a consultation

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2020

26. Changes to virus taxonomy and the Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020)

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Orton, Richard J, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Orton, Richard J, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2020

27. Binomial nomenclature for virus species: a consultation

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2020

28. Correction to:: Binomial nomenclature for virus species: a consultation

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2020

29. Changes to virus taxonomy and the Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2020)

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Orton, Richard J, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adriaenssens, Evelien M, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Orton, Richard J, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Smith, Donald B, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2020

30. Binomial nomenclature for virus species: a consultation

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2020

31. Correction to:: Binomial nomenclature for virus species: a consultation

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2020

32. RNAs that behave like prions

Author

National Science Foundation (US), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat Valenciana, Mushegian, Arcady R., Elena, Santiago F., National Science Foundation (US), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat Valenciana, Mushegian, Arcady R., and Elena, Santiago F.

Abstract

The term “prion” was originally coined to describe the proteinaceous infectious agents involved in mammalian neurological disorders. More recently, a prion has been defined as a nonchromosomal, protein-based genetic element that is capable of converting the copies of its own benign variant into the prion form, with the new phenotypic effects that can be transmitted through the cytoplasm. Some prions are toxic to the cell, are able to aggregate and/or form amyloid structures, and may be infectious in the wild, but none of those traits are seen as an integral property of all prions. We propose that the definition of prion should be expanded, to include the inducible transmissible entities undergoing autocatalytic conversion and consisting of RNA rather than protein. We show that when seen in this framework, some naturally occurring RNAs, including ribozymes, riboswitches, viroids, viroid-like retroelements, and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), possess several of the characteristic properties of prions.

Published
2020

33. Additional changes to taxonomy ratified in a special vote by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (October 2018)

Author

Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adams, Michael J, Dutilh, Bas E, Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adams, Michael J, Dutilh, Bas E, Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Abstract

This article reports the changes to virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in October 2018. Of note, the ICTV has approved, by an absolute majority, the creation of additional taxonomical ranks above those recognized previously. A total of 15 ranks (realm, subrealm, kingdom, subkingdom, phylum, subphylum, class, subclass, order, suborder, family, subfamily, genus, subgenus, and species) are now available to encompass the entire spectrum of virus diversity. Classification at ranks above genus is not obligatory but can be used by the authors of new taxonomic proposals when scientific justification is provided.

Published
2019

34. Changes to virus taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2019)

Author

Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Abstract

This article reports the changes to virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in February 2019. Of note, in addition to seven new virus families, the ICTV has approved, by an absolute majority, the creation of the realm Riboviria, a likely monophyletic group encompassing all viruses with positive-strand, negative-strand and double-strand genomic RNA that use cognate RNA-directed RNA polymerases for replication.

Published
2019

35. Additional changes to taxonomy ratified in a special vote by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (October 2018)

Author

Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adams, Michael J, Dutilh, Bas E, Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adams, Michael J, Dutilh, Bas E, Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2019

36. Changes to virus taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2019)

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2019

37. Additional changes to taxonomy ratified in a special vote by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (October 2018)

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adams, Michael J, Dutilh, Bas E, Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adams, Michael J, Dutilh, Bas E, Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2019

38. Changes to virus taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2019)

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Walker, Peter J, Siddell, Stuart G, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Dempsey, Donald M, Dutilh, Bas E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Hendrickson, R Curtis, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2019

39. Additional changes to taxonomy ratified in a special vote by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (October 2018)

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adams, Michael J, Dutilh, Bas E, Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Siddell, Stuart G, Walker, Peter J, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adams, Michael J, Dutilh, Bas E, Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2019

40. Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2018)

Author

King, Andrew M Q, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adams, Michael J, Dutilh, Bas E, Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Siddell, Stuart G, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, King, Andrew M Q, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adams, Michael J, Dutilh, Bas E, Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Siddell, Stuart G, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Abstract

This article lists the changes to virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in February 2018. A total of 451 species, 69 genera, 11 subfamilies, 9 families and one new order were added to the taxonomy. The current totals at each taxonomic level now stand at 9 orders, 131 families, 46 subfamilies, 803 genera and 4853 species. A change was made to the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature to allow the use of the names of people in taxon names under appropriate circumstances. An updated Master Species List incorporating the approved changes was released in March 2018 ( https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/ ).

Published
2018

41. Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2018)

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, King, Andrew M Q, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adams, Michael J, Dutilh, Bas E, Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Siddell, Stuart G, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, King, Andrew M Q, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adams, Michael J, Dutilh, Bas E, Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Siddell, Stuart G, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2018

42. Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2018)

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, King, Andrew M Q, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adams, Michael J, Dutilh, Bas E, Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Siddell, Stuart G, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, King, Andrew M Q, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adams, Michael J, Dutilh, Bas E, Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Siddell, Stuart G, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2018

43. Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2018)

Author

Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, King, Andrew M Q, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adams, Michael J, Dutilh, Bas E, Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Siddell, Stuart G, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, Davison, Andrew J, Sub Bioinformatics, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, King, Andrew M Q, Lefkowitz, Elliot J, Mushegian, Arcady R, Adams, Michael J, Dutilh, Bas E, Gorbalenya, Alexander E, Harrach, Balázs, Harrison, Robert L, Junglen, Sandra, Knowles, Nick J, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kuhn, Jens H, Nibert, Max L, Rubino, Luisa, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Siddell, Stuart G, Simmonds, Peter, Varsani, Arvind, Zerbini, Francisco Murilo, and Davison, Andrew J

Published
2018

44. Possibility and Challenges of Conversion of Current Virus Species Names to Linnaean Binomials.

Author

Postler, Thomas S, Postler, Thomas S, Clawson, Anna N, Amarasinghe, Gaya K, Basler, Christopher F, Bavari, Sbina, Benko, Mária, Blasdell, Kim R, Briese, Thomas, Buchmeier, Michael J, Bukreyev, Alexander, Calisher, Charles H, Chandran, Kartik, Charrel, Rémi, Clegg, Christopher S, Collins, Peter L, Juan Carlos, De La Torre, Derisi, Joseph L, Dietzgen, Ralf G, Dolnik, Olga, Dürrwald, Ralf, Dye, John M, Easton, Andrew J, Emonet, Sébastian, Formenty, Pierre, Fouchier, Ron AM, Ghedin, Elodie, Gonzalez, Jean-Paul, Harrach, Balázs, Hewson, Roger, Horie, Masayuki, Jiang, Dàohóng, Kobinger, Gary, Kondo, Hideki, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kurath, Gael, Lamb, Robert A, Leroy, Eric M, Lukashevich, Igor S, Maisner, Andrea, Mushegian, Arcady R, Netesov, Sergey V, Nowotny, Norbert, Patterson, Jean L, Payne, Susan L, PaWeska, Janusz T, Peters, Clarence J, Radoshitzky, Sheli R, Rima, Bertus K, Romanowski, Victor, Rubbenstroth, Dennis, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Salvato, Maria S, Schwemmle, Martin, Smither, Sophie J, Stenglein, Mark D, Stone, David M, Takada, Ayato, Tesh, Robert B, Tomonaga, Keizo, Tordo, Noël, Towner, Jonathan S, Vasilakis, Nikos, Volchkov, Viktor E, Wahl-Jensen, Victoria, Walker, Peter J, Wang, Lin-Fa, Varsani, Arvind, Whitfield, Anna E, Zerbini, F Murilo, Kuhn, Jens H, Postler, Thomas S, Postler, Thomas S, Clawson, Anna N, Amarasinghe, Gaya K, Basler, Christopher F, Bavari, Sbina, Benko, Mária, Blasdell, Kim R, Briese, Thomas, Buchmeier, Michael J, Bukreyev, Alexander, Calisher, Charles H, Chandran, Kartik, Charrel, Rémi, Clegg, Christopher S, Collins, Peter L, Juan Carlos, De La Torre, Derisi, Joseph L, Dietzgen, Ralf G, Dolnik, Olga, Dürrwald, Ralf, Dye, John M, Easton, Andrew J, Emonet, Sébastian, Formenty, Pierre, Fouchier, Ron AM, Ghedin, Elodie, Gonzalez, Jean-Paul, Harrach, Balázs, Hewson, Roger, Horie, Masayuki, Jiang, Dàohóng, Kobinger, Gary, Kondo, Hideki, Kropinski, Andrew M, Krupovic, Mart, Kurath, Gael, Lamb, Robert A, Leroy, Eric M, Lukashevich, Igor S, Maisner, Andrea, Mushegian, Arcady R, Netesov, Sergey V, Nowotny, Norbert, Patterson, Jean L, Payne, Susan L, PaWeska, Janusz T, Peters, Clarence J, Radoshitzky, Sheli R, Rima, Bertus K, Romanowski, Victor, Rubbenstroth, Dennis, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Salvato, Maria S, Schwemmle, Martin, Smither, Sophie J, Stenglein, Mark D, Stone, David M, Takada, Ayato, Tesh, Robert B, Tomonaga, Keizo, Tordo, Noël, Towner, Jonathan S, Vasilakis, Nikos, Volchkov, Viktor E, Wahl-Jensen, Victoria, Walker, Peter J, Wang, Lin-Fa, Varsani, Arvind, Whitfield, Anna E, Zerbini, F Murilo, and Kuhn, Jens H

Abstract

Botanical, mycological, zoological, and prokaryotic species names follow the Linnaean format, consisting of an italicized Latinized binomen with a capitalized genus name and a lower case species epithet (e.g., Homo sapiens). Virus species names, however, do not follow a uniform format, and, even when binomial, are not Linnaean in style. In this thought exercise, we attempted to convert all currently official names of species included in the virus family Arenaviridae and the virus order Mononegavirales to Linnaean binomials, and to identify and address associated challenges and concerns. Surprisingly, this endeavor was not as complicated or time-consuming as even the authors of this article expected when conceiving the experiment. [Arenaviridae; binomials; ICTV; International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; Mononegavirales; virus nomenclature; virus taxonomy.].

Published
2017

45. Possibility and Challenges of Conversion of Current Virus Species Names to Linnaean Binomials

Author

Postler, Thomas S., Clawson, Anna N., Amarasinghe, Gaya K., Basler, Christopher F., Bavari, Sina, Benkő, Mária, Blasdell, Kim R., Briese, Thomas, Buchmeier, Michael J., Bukreyev, Alexander, Calisher, Charles H., Chandran, Kartik, Charrel, Rémi, Clegg, Christopher S., Collins, Peter L., de la Torre, Juan Carlos, DeRisi, Joseph L., Dietzgen, Ralf G., Dolnik, Olga, Dürrwald, Ralf, Dye, John M., Easton, Andrew J., Emonet, Sébastian, Formenty, Pierre, Fouchier, Ron A. M., Ghedin, Elodie, Gonzalez, Jean-Paul, Harrach, Balázs, Hewson, Roger, Horie, Masayuki, Jiāng, Dàohóng, Kobinger, Gary, Kondo, Hideki, Kropinski, Andrew M., Krupovic, Mart, Kurath, Gael, Lamb, Robert A., Leroy, Eric M., Lukashevich, Igor S., Maisner, Andrea, Mushegian, Arcady R., Netesov, Sergey V., Nowotny, Norbert, Patterson, Jean L., Payne, Susan L., Paweska, Janusz T., Peters, Clarence J., Radoshitzky, Sheli R., Rima, Bertus K., Romanowski, Victor, Rubbenstroth, Dennis, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Salvato, Maria S., Schwemmle, Martin, Smither, Sophie J., Stenglein, Mark D., Stone, David M., Takada, Ayato, Tesh, Robert B., Tomonaga, Keizo, Tordo, Noël, Towner, Jonathan S., Vasilakis, Nikos, Volchkov, Viktor E., Wahl-Jensen, Victoria, Walker, Peter J., Wang, Lin-Fa, Varsani, Arvind, Whitfield, Anna E., Zerbini, F. Murilo, Kuhn, Jens H., Postler, Thomas S., Clawson, Anna N., Amarasinghe, Gaya K., Basler, Christopher F., Bavari, Sina, Benkő, Mária, Blasdell, Kim R., Briese, Thomas, Buchmeier, Michael J., Bukreyev, Alexander, Calisher, Charles H., Chandran, Kartik, Charrel, Rémi, Clegg, Christopher S., Collins, Peter L., de la Torre, Juan Carlos, DeRisi, Joseph L., Dietzgen, Ralf G., Dolnik, Olga, Dürrwald, Ralf, Dye, John M., Easton, Andrew J., Emonet, Sébastian, Formenty, Pierre, Fouchier, Ron A. M., Ghedin, Elodie, Gonzalez, Jean-Paul, Harrach, Balázs, Hewson, Roger, Horie, Masayuki, Jiāng, Dàohóng, Kobinger, Gary, Kondo, Hideki, Kropinski, Andrew M., Krupovic, Mart, Kurath, Gael, Lamb, Robert A., Leroy, Eric M., Lukashevich, Igor S., Maisner, Andrea, Mushegian, Arcady R., Netesov, Sergey V., Nowotny, Norbert, Patterson, Jean L., Payne, Susan L., Paweska, Janusz T., Peters, Clarence J., Radoshitzky, Sheli R., Rima, Bertus K., Romanowski, Victor, Rubbenstroth, Dennis, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Salvato, Maria S., Schwemmle, Martin, Smither, Sophie J., Stenglein, Mark D., Stone, David M., Takada, Ayato, Tesh, Robert B., Tomonaga, Keizo, Tordo, Noël, Towner, Jonathan S., Vasilakis, Nikos, Volchkov, Viktor E., Wahl-Jensen, Victoria, Walker, Peter J., Wang, Lin-Fa, Varsani, Arvind, Whitfield, Anna E., Zerbini, F. Murilo, and Kuhn, Jens H.

Abstract

Botanical, mycological, zoological, and prokaryotic species names follow the Linnaean format, consisting of an italicized Latinized binomen with a capitalized genus name and a lower-case species epithet (e.g., Homo sapiens). Virus species names, however, do not follow a uniform format, and even when binomial, are not Linnaean in style. In this thought exercise, we attempted to convert all currently official names of species included in the virus family Arenaviridae and the virus order Mononegavirales to Linnaean binomials, and to identify and address associated challenges and concerns. Surprisingly, this endeavor was not as complicated or time-consuming as even the authors of this article expected when conceiving the experiment.

Published
2016

46. Possibility and Challenges of Conversion of Current Virus Species Names to Linnaean Binomials

Author

Postler, Thomas S., Clawson, Anna N., Amarasinghe, Gaya K., Basler, Christopher F., Bavari, Sina, Benkő, Mária, Blasdell, Kim R., Briese, Thomas, Buchmeier, Michael J., Bukreyev, Alexander, Calisher, Charles H., Chandran, Kartik, Charrel, Rémi, Clegg, Christopher S., Collins, Peter L., de la Torre, Juan Carlos, DeRisi, Joseph L., Dietzgen, Ralf G., Dolnik, Olga, Dürrwald, Ralf, Dye, John M., Easton, Andrew J., Emonet, Sébastian, Formenty, Pierre, Fouchier, Ron A. M., Ghedin, Elodie, Gonzalez, Jean-Paul, Harrach, Balázs, Hewson, Roger, Horie, Masayuki, Jiāng, Dàohóng, Kobinger, Gary, Kondo, Hideki, Kropinski, Andrew M., Krupovic, Mart, Kurath, Gael, Lamb, Robert A., Leroy, Eric M., Lukashevich, Igor S., Maisner, Andrea, Mushegian, Arcady R., Netesov, Sergey V., Nowotny, Norbert, Patterson, Jean L., Payne, Susan L., Paweska, Janusz T., Peters, Clarence J., Radoshitzky, Sheli R., Rima, Bertus K., Romanowski, Victor, Rubbenstroth, Dennis, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Salvato, Maria S., Schwemmle, Martin, Smither, Sophie J., Stenglein, Mark D., Stone, David M., Takada, Ayato, Tesh, Robert B., Tomonaga, Keizo, Tordo, Noël, Towner, Jonathan S., Vasilakis, Nikos, Volchkov, Viktor E., Wahl-Jensen, Victoria, Walker, Peter J., Wang, Lin-Fa, Varsani, Arvind, Whitfield, Anna E., Zerbini, F. Murilo, Kuhn, Jens H., Postler, Thomas S., Clawson, Anna N., Amarasinghe, Gaya K., Basler, Christopher F., Bavari, Sina, Benkő, Mária, Blasdell, Kim R., Briese, Thomas, Buchmeier, Michael J., Bukreyev, Alexander, Calisher, Charles H., Chandran, Kartik, Charrel, Rémi, Clegg, Christopher S., Collins, Peter L., de la Torre, Juan Carlos, DeRisi, Joseph L., Dietzgen, Ralf G., Dolnik, Olga, Dürrwald, Ralf, Dye, John M., Easton, Andrew J., Emonet, Sébastian, Formenty, Pierre, Fouchier, Ron A. M., Ghedin, Elodie, Gonzalez, Jean-Paul, Harrach, Balázs, Hewson, Roger, Horie, Masayuki, Jiāng, Dàohóng, Kobinger, Gary, Kondo, Hideki, Kropinski, Andrew M., Krupovic, Mart, Kurath, Gael, Lamb, Robert A., Leroy, Eric M., Lukashevich, Igor S., Maisner, Andrea, Mushegian, Arcady R., Netesov, Sergey V., Nowotny, Norbert, Patterson, Jean L., Payne, Susan L., Paweska, Janusz T., Peters, Clarence J., Radoshitzky, Sheli R., Rima, Bertus K., Romanowski, Victor, Rubbenstroth, Dennis, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Salvato, Maria S., Schwemmle, Martin, Smither, Sophie J., Stenglein, Mark D., Stone, David M., Takada, Ayato, Tesh, Robert B., Tomonaga, Keizo, Tordo, Noël, Towner, Jonathan S., Vasilakis, Nikos, Volchkov, Viktor E., Wahl-Jensen, Victoria, Walker, Peter J., Wang, Lin-Fa, Varsani, Arvind, Whitfield, Anna E., Zerbini, F. Murilo, and Kuhn, Jens H.

Abstract

Botanical, mycological, zoological, and prokaryotic species names follow the Linnaean format, consisting of an italicized Latinized binomen with a capitalized genus name and a lower-case species epithet (e.g., Homo sapiens). Virus species names, however, do not follow a uniform format, and even when binomial, are not Linnaean in style. In this thought exercise, we attempted to convert all currently official names of species included in the virus family Arenaviridae and the virus order Mononegavirales to Linnaean binomials, and to identify and address associated challenges and concerns. Surprisingly, this endeavor was not as complicated or time-consuming as even the authors of this article expected when conceiving the experiment.

Published
2016

47. Possibility and Challenges of Conversion of Current Virus Species Names to Linnaean Binomials

Author

Postler, Thomas S., Clawson, Anna N., Amarasinghe, Gaya K., Basler, Christopher F., Bavari, Sina, Benkő, Mária, Blasdell, Kim R., Briese, Thomas, Buchmeier, Michael J., Bukreyev, Alexander, Calisher, Charles H., Chandran, Kartik, Charrel, Rémi, Clegg, Christopher S., Collins, Peter L., de la Torre, Juan Carlos, DeRisi, Joseph L., Dietzgen, Ralf G., Dolnik, Olga, Dürrwald, Ralf, Dye, John M., Easton, Andrew J., Emonet, Sébastian, Formenty, Pierre, Fouchier, Ron A. M., Ghedin, Elodie, Gonzalez, Jean-Paul, Harrach, Balázs, Hewson, Roger, Horie, Masayuki, Jiāng, Dàohóng, Kobinger, Gary, Kondo, Hideki, Kropinski, Andrew M., Krupovic, Mart, Kurath, Gael, Lamb, Robert A., Leroy, Eric M., Lukashevich, Igor S., Maisner, Andrea, Mushegian, Arcady R., Netesov, Sergey V., Nowotny, Norbert, Patterson, Jean L., Payne, Susan L., Paweska, Janusz T., Peters, Clarence J., Radoshitzky, Sheli R., Rima, Bertus K., Romanowski, Victor, Rubbenstroth, Dennis, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Salvato, Maria S., Schwemmle, Martin, Smither, Sophie J., Stenglein, Mark D., Stone, David M., Takada, Ayato, Tesh, Robert B., Tomonaga, Keizo, Tordo, Noël, Towner, Jonathan S., Vasilakis, Nikos, Volchkov, Viktor E., Wahl-Jensen, Victoria, Walker, Peter J., Wang, Lin-Fa, Varsani, Arvind, Whitfield, Anna E., Zerbini, F. Murilo, Kuhn, Jens H., Postler, Thomas S., Clawson, Anna N., Amarasinghe, Gaya K., Basler, Christopher F., Bavari, Sina, Benkő, Mária, Blasdell, Kim R., Briese, Thomas, Buchmeier, Michael J., Bukreyev, Alexander, Calisher, Charles H., Chandran, Kartik, Charrel, Rémi, Clegg, Christopher S., Collins, Peter L., de la Torre, Juan Carlos, DeRisi, Joseph L., Dietzgen, Ralf G., Dolnik, Olga, Dürrwald, Ralf, Dye, John M., Easton, Andrew J., Emonet, Sébastian, Formenty, Pierre, Fouchier, Ron A. M., Ghedin, Elodie, Gonzalez, Jean-Paul, Harrach, Balázs, Hewson, Roger, Horie, Masayuki, Jiāng, Dàohóng, Kobinger, Gary, Kondo, Hideki, Kropinski, Andrew M., Krupovic, Mart, Kurath, Gael, Lamb, Robert A., Leroy, Eric M., Lukashevich, Igor S., Maisner, Andrea, Mushegian, Arcady R., Netesov, Sergey V., Nowotny, Norbert, Patterson, Jean L., Payne, Susan L., Paweska, Janusz T., Peters, Clarence J., Radoshitzky, Sheli R., Rima, Bertus K., Romanowski, Victor, Rubbenstroth, Dennis, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Salvato, Maria S., Schwemmle, Martin, Smither, Sophie J., Stenglein, Mark D., Stone, David M., Takada, Ayato, Tesh, Robert B., Tomonaga, Keizo, Tordo, Noël, Towner, Jonathan S., Vasilakis, Nikos, Volchkov, Viktor E., Wahl-Jensen, Victoria, Walker, Peter J., Wang, Lin-Fa, Varsani, Arvind, Whitfield, Anna E., Zerbini, F. Murilo, and Kuhn, Jens H.

Abstract

Botanical, mycological, zoological, and prokaryotic species names follow the Linnaean format, consisting of an italicized Latinized binomen with a capitalized genus name and a lower-case species epithet (e.g., Homo sapiens). Virus species names, however, do not follow a uniform format, and even when binomial, are not Linnaean in style. In this thought exercise, we attempted to convert all currently official names of species included in the virus family Arenaviridae and the virus order Mononegavirales to Linnaean binomials, and to identify and address associated challenges and concerns. Surprisingly, this endeavor was not as complicated or time-consuming as even the authors of this article expected when conceiving the experiment.

Published
2016

48. Possibility and Challenges of Conversion of Current Virus Species Names to Linnaean Binomials

Author

Postler, Thomas S., Clawson, Anna N., Amarasinghe, Gaya K., Basler, Christopher F., Bavari, Sina, Benkő, Mária, Blasdell, Kim R., Briese, Thomas, Buchmeier, Michael J., Bukreyev, Alexander, Calisher, Charles H., Chandran, Kartik, Charrel, Rémi, Clegg, Christopher S., Collins, Peter L., de la Torre, Juan Carlos, DeRisi, Joseph L., Dietzgen, Ralf G., Dolnik, Olga, Dürrwald, Ralf, Dye, John M., Easton, Andrew J., Emonet, Sébastian, Formenty, Pierre, Fouchier, Ron A. M., Ghedin, Elodie, Gonzalez, Jean-Paul, Harrach, Balázs, Hewson, Roger, Horie, Masayuki, Jiāng, Dàohóng, Kobinger, Gary, Kondo, Hideki, Kropinski, Andrew M., Krupovic, Mart, Kurath, Gael, Lamb, Robert A., Leroy, Eric M., Lukashevich, Igor S., Maisner, Andrea, Mushegian, Arcady R., Netesov, Sergey V., Nowotny, Norbert, Patterson, Jean L., Payne, Susan L., Paweska, Janusz T., Peters, Clarence J., Radoshitzky, Sheli R., Rima, Bertus K., Romanowski, Victor, Rubbenstroth, Dennis, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Salvato, Maria S., Schwemmle, Martin, Smither, Sophie J., Stenglein, Mark D., Stone, David M., Takada, Ayato, Tesh, Robert B., Tomonaga, Keizo, Tordo, Noël, Towner, Jonathan S., Vasilakis, Nikos, Volchkov, Viktor E., Wahl-Jensen, Victoria, Walker, Peter J., Wang, Lin-Fa, Varsani, Arvind, Whitfield, Anna E., Zerbini, F. Murilo, Kuhn, Jens H., Postler, Thomas S., Clawson, Anna N., Amarasinghe, Gaya K., Basler, Christopher F., Bavari, Sina, Benkő, Mária, Blasdell, Kim R., Briese, Thomas, Buchmeier, Michael J., Bukreyev, Alexander, Calisher, Charles H., Chandran, Kartik, Charrel, Rémi, Clegg, Christopher S., Collins, Peter L., de la Torre, Juan Carlos, DeRisi, Joseph L., Dietzgen, Ralf G., Dolnik, Olga, Dürrwald, Ralf, Dye, John M., Easton, Andrew J., Emonet, Sébastian, Formenty, Pierre, Fouchier, Ron A. M., Ghedin, Elodie, Gonzalez, Jean-Paul, Harrach, Balázs, Hewson, Roger, Horie, Masayuki, Jiāng, Dàohóng, Kobinger, Gary, Kondo, Hideki, Kropinski, Andrew M., Krupovic, Mart, Kurath, Gael, Lamb, Robert A., Leroy, Eric M., Lukashevich, Igor S., Maisner, Andrea, Mushegian, Arcady R., Netesov, Sergey V., Nowotny, Norbert, Patterson, Jean L., Payne, Susan L., Paweska, Janusz T., Peters, Clarence J., Radoshitzky, Sheli R., Rima, Bertus K., Romanowski, Victor, Rubbenstroth, Dennis, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Salvato, Maria S., Schwemmle, Martin, Smither, Sophie J., Stenglein, Mark D., Stone, David M., Takada, Ayato, Tesh, Robert B., Tomonaga, Keizo, Tordo, Noël, Towner, Jonathan S., Vasilakis, Nikos, Volchkov, Viktor E., Wahl-Jensen, Victoria, Walker, Peter J., Wang, Lin-Fa, Varsani, Arvind, Whitfield, Anna E., Zerbini, F. Murilo, and Kuhn, Jens H.

Abstract

Botanical, mycological, zoological, and prokaryotic species names follow the Linnaean format, consisting of an italicized Latinized binomen with a capitalized genus name and a lower-case species epithet (e.g., Homo sapiens). Virus species names, however, do not follow a uniform format, and even when binomial, are not Linnaean in style. In this thought exercise, we attempted to convert all currently official names of species included in the virus family Arenaviridae and the virus order Mononegavirales to Linnaean binomials, and to identify and address associated challenges and concerns. Surprisingly, this endeavor was not as complicated or time-consuming as even the authors of this article expected when conceiving the experiment.

Published
2016

49. Possibility and Challenges of Conversion of Current Virus Species Names to Linnaean Binomials

Author

Postler, Thomas S., Clawson, Anna N., Amarasinghe, Gaya K., Basler, Christopher F., Bavari, Sina, Benkő, Mária, Blasdell, Kim R., Briese, Thomas, Buchmeier, Michael J., Bukreyev, Alexander, Calisher, Charles H., Chandran, Kartik, Charrel, Rémi, Clegg, Christopher S., Collins, Peter L., de la Torre, Juan Carlos, DeRisi, Joseph L., Dietzgen, Ralf G., Dolnik, Olga, Dürrwald, Ralf, Dye, John M., Easton, Andrew J., Emonet, Sébastian, Formenty, Pierre, Fouchier, Ron A. M., Ghedin, Elodie, Gonzalez, Jean-Paul, Harrach, Balázs, Hewson, Roger, Horie, Masayuki, Jiāng, Dàohóng, Kobinger, Gary, Kondo, Hideki, Kropinski, Andrew M., Krupovic, Mart, Kurath, Gael, Lamb, Robert A., Leroy, Eric M., Lukashevich, Igor S., Maisner, Andrea, Mushegian, Arcady R., Netesov, Sergey V., Nowotny, Norbert, Patterson, Jean L., Payne, Susan L., Paweska, Janusz T., Peters, Clarence J., Radoshitzky, Sheli R., Rima, Bertus K., Romanowski, Victor, Rubbenstroth, Dennis, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Salvato, Maria S., Schwemmle, Martin, Smither, Sophie J., Stenglein, Mark D., Stone, David M., Takada, Ayato, Tesh, Robert B., Tomonaga, Keizo, Tordo, Noël, Towner, Jonathan S., Vasilakis, Nikos, Volchkov, Viktor E., Wahl-Jensen, Victoria, Walker, Peter J., Wang, Lin-Fa, Varsani, Arvind, Whitfield, Anna E., Zerbini, F. Murilo, Kuhn, Jens H., Postler, Thomas S., Clawson, Anna N., Amarasinghe, Gaya K., Basler, Christopher F., Bavari, Sina, Benkő, Mária, Blasdell, Kim R., Briese, Thomas, Buchmeier, Michael J., Bukreyev, Alexander, Calisher, Charles H., Chandran, Kartik, Charrel, Rémi, Clegg, Christopher S., Collins, Peter L., de la Torre, Juan Carlos, DeRisi, Joseph L., Dietzgen, Ralf G., Dolnik, Olga, Dürrwald, Ralf, Dye, John M., Easton, Andrew J., Emonet, Sébastian, Formenty, Pierre, Fouchier, Ron A. M., Ghedin, Elodie, Gonzalez, Jean-Paul, Harrach, Balázs, Hewson, Roger, Horie, Masayuki, Jiāng, Dàohóng, Kobinger, Gary, Kondo, Hideki, Kropinski, Andrew M., Krupovic, Mart, Kurath, Gael, Lamb, Robert A., Leroy, Eric M., Lukashevich, Igor S., Maisner, Andrea, Mushegian, Arcady R., Netesov, Sergey V., Nowotny, Norbert, Patterson, Jean L., Payne, Susan L., Paweska, Janusz T., Peters, Clarence J., Radoshitzky, Sheli R., Rima, Bertus K., Romanowski, Victor, Rubbenstroth, Dennis, Sabanadzovic, Sead, Sanfaçon, Hélène, Salvato, Maria S., Schwemmle, Martin, Smither, Sophie J., Stenglein, Mark D., Stone, David M., Takada, Ayato, Tesh, Robert B., Tomonaga, Keizo, Tordo, Noël, Towner, Jonathan S., Vasilakis, Nikos, Volchkov, Viktor E., Wahl-Jensen, Victoria, Walker, Peter J., Wang, Lin-Fa, Varsani, Arvind, Whitfield, Anna E., Zerbini, F. Murilo, and Kuhn, Jens H.

Abstract

Botanical, mycological, zoological, and prokaryotic species names follow the Linnaean format, consisting of an italicized Latinized binomen with a capitalized genus name and a lower-case species epithet (e.g., Homo sapiens). Virus species names, however, do not follow a uniform format, and even when binomial, are not Linnaean in style. In this thought exercise, we attempted to convert all currently official names of species included in the virus family Arenaviridae and the virus order Mononegavirales to Linnaean binomials, and to identify and address associated challenges and concerns. Surprisingly, this endeavor was not as complicated or time-consuming as even the authors of this article expected when conceiving the experiment.

Published
2016

50. Evolution of plant virus movement proteins from the 30K superfamily and of their homologs integrated in plant genomes

Author

Mushegian, Arcady R., Elena, Santiago F., Mushegian, Arcady R., and Elena, Santiago F.

Abstract

Homologs of Tobacco mosaic virus 30K cell-to-cell movement protein are encoded by diverse plant viruses. Mechanisms of action and evolutionary origins of these proteins remain obscure. We expand the picture of conservation and evolution of the 30K proteins, producing sequence alignment of the 30K superfamily with the broadest phylogenetic coverage thus far and illuminating structural features of the core all-beta fold of these proteins. Integrated copies of pararetrovirus 30K movement genes are prevalent in euphyllophytes, with at least one copy intact in nearly every examined species, and mRNAs detected for most of them. Sequence analysis suggests repeated integrations, pseudogenizations, and positive selection in those provirus genes. An unannotated 30K-superfamily gene in Arabidopsis thaliana genome is likely expressed as a fusion with the At1g37113 transcript. This molecular background of endopararetrovirus gene products in plants may change our view of virus infection and pathogenesis, and perhaps of cellular homeostasis in the hosts.

Published
2015

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