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Urinary calculi, as biocrystals, are grouped into several types and named based on their chemical compositions and the mineralogical features. Among them, calcium that contained calculi showed maximum amount. Mineralogical study on calculi both of the calcium oxalate (partly contained uric acid) and magnesium ammonium phosphate have been described and some genetic process are also discussed. Calcium oxalate samples mainly composed of whewellite and amorphous-like substances, lacking in weddellite. Most of the samples can be divided into crust and based on their in ternal structure which is similar to that of marine manganese nodules. The core zone contains several concentric stripes of light and dark materials, showing so-called colloform and zonal structure. Spherulitic structure which is composed of aggregate of needle whewellite crystals were also observed at the boundary between core and crust. Magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi consists struvite and amorphous-like substances. In cross section, it showed banded structure which is composed of alternate zone of two materials. In both calculi, Ca, Mg, P, C and F were detected by EPMA method. Ca content in generally high with uniformly distribution, and some correlation between Ca and other elements such as Mg and P were observed, locally, in the calcium oxalate samples. In magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi, Mg and P were almost uniformly distributed with high concentration. All elements in calculies probably exist as state of very micro particles., 生体結晶として、現在尿路結石にはその種類別にいろいろな構成成分、化学式、鉱物名が与えられている。これらの結石類ではカルシウム系成分が最も多く見出されている。本報文では蓚酸カルシウム（一部尿酸を含む）および燐酸マグネシウム・アンモニウム結石に関する鉱物学的性状を検討し、生成過程についても考察している。蓚酸カルシウム結石は非晶質様物質とwhewellite（1水化物）より構成され、weddellite（2水化物）は特定されない。多くは内部が、内核、外核、外殻部に区分される構造を示し、核部の周りにコロフォーム構造、累帯構造、球顆状構造等が顕著である。燐酸マグネシウム・アンモニウム結石は非晶質様物質とstruviteから構成され、内部にはこれらの互層による多重の帯状構造がみられる。EPMAによる元素分析で、両結石ともCa,Mg,P,O,C,Fが検出される。蓚酸カルシウム結石では試料粒全般にCaが高濃度で均一に分布し、部分的にCaと他のP,Mg,Fが相関関係を示す。また燐酸マグネシウムではMg,P全体に均一に高濃度で分布する。これら結石を構成するすべての元素は極めて微細な粒子として含まれている。