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Hadi Abdollahzad,1 Yahya Pasdar,1 Seyed Mostafa Nachvak,1 Shahab Rezaeian,2 Amir Saber,1 Razieh Nazari1,3 1School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 2Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 3Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranCorrespondence: Amir Saber; Razieh NazariDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technologies, Isar Sq., Across from Farabi Hospital, P.O. Box 6719851351, Kermanshah, IranTel +98-83 37102009Fax +98-83 37102002Email amir.saber@kums.ac.ir; roz.sahreh@gmail.comPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components using data of Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCD) cohort study.Patients and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed using the information of 6538 participants in the RaNCD study in Iran. A validated 125-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to acquire DII scores. MetS was defined based on national cholesterol education program-adult treatment panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. The association between DII and MetS and its components was investigated by the logistic regression model using STATA software.Results: A significant association was found between DII and MetS (OR trend: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01– 1.15, P =0.017), triglyceride (TG) (OR trend: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00– 1.12, P=0.030), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (OR trend: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01– 1.20, P=0.018) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR trend: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02– 1.12, P= 0.005) after adjustment for all covariates. Also, there was a significant relationship between DII score and waist circumference (WC) (OR trend: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01– 1.14, P=0.016).Conclusion: Higher DII score (a