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The UV and IR spectra of CxF2x+1 CHO (x = 1-4) were investigated using computational and experimental techniques. CxF2x+1CHO (x = 1-4) have broad UV absorption features centered at 300-310 nm. The maximum absorption cross-section increases significantly and shifts slightly to the red with increased length of the CxF2x+1 group: CF3CHO, 3.10 x 10(-20) (300 nm): C2F5CHO, 6.25 x 10(-20) (308 nm): C3F7CHO, 8.96 x 10(-20) (309 nm); and C4F9CHO, 10.9 x 10(-20) (309 nm). IR spectra for CxF2x+1CHO were recorded, calculated. and assigned. Results are discussed with respect to the literature data and to the atmospheric fate of CxF2x+1CHO. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) smog chamber techniques were used to measure k(Cl + CF3CFHCF2OCF3) = (4.09 +/- 0.42) x 10(-17), k(OH + CF3CFHCF2OCF3) = (1.43 +/- 0.28) x 10(-15), k(Cl + CF3CFHCF2OCF2H) = (6.89 +/- 1.29) x 10(-17), and k(OH + CF3CFHCF2OCF2H) = (1.79 +/- 0.34) x 10(-15) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) in 700 Torr of N-2/O-2 diluent at 296 K. The atmospheric lifetimes of CF3CFHCF2OCF3 and CF3CFHCFOCF2H are approximately 40 and 32 years, respectively. Chlorine atom-initiated oxidation of CF3CFHCF2OCF3 and CF3CFHCF2OCF2H gives CF3C(O)F in molar yields of 82 +/- 5% and 96 +/- 6 respectively. The 100-year time horizon global warming potentials of CF3CFHCF2OCF3 and CF3CFHCF2OCF2H relative to CO2 are 4530 and 4340. Results are discussed with respect to the atmospheric chemistry of hydrofluoroethers.

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) smog chamber techniques were used to measure k(Cl + CF3CFHCF2OCF3) = (4.09 +/- 0.42) x 10(-17), k(OH + CF3CFHCF2OCF3) = (1.43 +/- 0.28) x 10(-15), k(Cl + CF3CFHCF2OCF2H) = (6.89 +/- 1.29) x 10(-17), and k(OH + CF3CFHCF2OCF2H) = (1.79 +/- 0.34) x 10(-15) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) in 700 Torr of N-2/O-2 diluent at 296 K. The atmospheric lifetimes of CF3CFHCF2OCF3 and CF3CFHCFOCF2H are approximately 40 and 32 years, respectively. Chlorine atom-initiated oxidation of CF3CFHCF2OCF3 and CF3CFHCF2OCF2H gives CF3C(O)F in molar yields of 82 +/- 5% and 96 +/- 6 respectively. The 100-year time horizon global warming potentials of CF3CFHCF2OCF3 and CF3CFHCF2OCF2H relative to CO2 are 4530 and 4340. Results are discussed with respect to the atmospheric chemistry of hydrofluoroethers.

The UV and IR spectra of CxF2x+1 CHO (x = 1-4) were investigated using computational and experimental techniques. CxF2x+1CHO (x = 1-4) have broad UV absorption features centered at 300-310 nm. The maximum absorption cross-section increases significantly and shifts slightly to the red with increased length of the CxF2x+1 group: CF3CHO, 3.10 x 10(-20) (300 nm): C2F5CHO, 6.25 x 10(-20) (308 nm): C3F7CHO, 8.96 x 10(-20) (309 nm); and C4F9CHO, 10.9 x 10(-20) (309 nm). IR spectra for CxF2x+1CHO were recorded, calculated. and assigned. Results are discussed with respect to the literature data and to the atmospheric fate of CxF2x+1CHO. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The synthesis, IR spectrum, and first-principles characterization of CF3CH(ONO)CF3 as well as its use as an OH radical source in kinetic and mechanistic studies are reported. CF3CH(ONO)CF3 exists in two conformers corresponding to rotation about the RCO-NO bond. The more prevalent trans conformer accounts for the prominent IR absorption features at frequencies (cm(-1)) of 1766 (N=O stretch), 1302, 12 10, and 1119 (C-F stretches), and 761 (O-N-O bend); the cis conformer contributes a number of distinct weaker features. CF3CH(ONO)CF3 was readily photolyzed using fluorescent blacklamps to generate CF3C(O)CF3 and, by implication, OH radicals in 100% yield. CF3CH(ONO)CF3 photolysis is a convenient source of OH radicals in the studies of the yields of CO, CO2, HCHO, and HC(O)OH products which can be difficult to measure using more conventional OH radical sources (e.g., CH3ONO photolysis). CF3CH(ONO)CF3 photolysis was used to measure k(OH + C2H4)/k(OH + C3H6) = 0.29 +/- 0.01 and to establish upper limits of 16 and 6% for the molar yields of CO and HC(O)OH from the reaction of OH radicals with benzene in 700 Torr of air at 296 K. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The synthesis, IR spectrum, and first-principles characterization of CF3CH(ONO)CF3 as well as its use as an OH radical source in kinetic and mechanistic studies are reported. CF3CH(ONO)CF3 exists in two conformers corresponding to rotation about the RCO-NO bond. The more prevalent trans conformer accounts for the prominent IR absorption features at frequencies (cm(-1)) of 1766 (N=O stretch), 1302, 12 10, and 1119 (C-F stretches), and 761 (O-N-O bend); the cis conformer contributes a number of distinct weaker features. CF3CH(ONO)CF3 was readily photolyzed using fluorescent blacklamps to generate CF3C(O)CF3 and, by implication, OH radicals in 100% yield. CF3CH(ONO)CF3 photolysis is a convenient source of OH radicals in the studies of the yields of CO, CO2, HCHO, and HC(O)OH products which can be difficult to measure using more conventional OH radical sources (e.g., CH3ONO photolysis). CF3CH(ONO)CF3 photolysis was used to measure k(OH + C2H4)/k(OH + C3H6) = 0.29 +/- 0.01 and to establish upper limits of 16 and 6% for the molar yields of CO and HC(O)OH from the reaction of OH radicals with benzene in 700 Torr of air at 296 K. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The present work represents a continuation of part I of this series of papers, in which we investigated the phenol yields in the OH-initiated oxidation of benzene under conditions of low to moderate concentrations of NOx, to elevated NOx levels. The products of the OH-initiated oxidation of benzene in 700 760 Torr of N-2/O-2 diluent at 297 +/- 4 K were investigated in 3 different photochemical reaction chambers. In situ spectroscopic techniques were employed for the detection of products, and the initial concentrations of benzene, NOx, and O-2 were widely varied (by factors of 6300, 1500, and 13, respectively). In contrast to results from previous studies, a pronounced dependence of the product distribution on the NOx concentration was observed. The phenol yield decreases from approximately 50-60% in the presence of low concentrations (10 000 ppb) NOx concentrations. In the presence of high concentrations of NOx, the phenol yield increases with increasing O-2 partial pressure. The rate constant of the reaction of hydroxycyclohexadienyl peroxyl radicals with NO was determined to be (1.7 +/- 0.6) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). This reaction leads to the formation of E, E-2,4-hexadienedial as the main identiable product (29 +/- 16. The reaction of the hydroxycyclohexadienyl radical with NO2 gave phenol (5.9 +/- 3.4 and E,E-2,4-hexadienedial (3.4 +/- 1.9, no other products could be identified. The residual FTIR product spectra indicate the formation of unknown nitrates or other nitrogen-containing species in high yield. The results from the present work also show that experimental studies aimed at establishing/verifying chemical mechanisms for aromatic hydrocarbons must be performed using NOx levels which are representative of those found in the atmosphere.

The present work represents a continuation of part I of this series of papers, in which we investigated the phenol yields in the OH-initiated oxidation of benzene under conditions of low to moderate concentrations of NOx, to elevated NOx levels. The products of the OH-initiated oxidation of benzene in 700 760 Torr of N-2/O-2 diluent at 297 +/- 4 K were investigated in 3 different photochemical reaction chambers. In situ spectroscopic techniques were employed for the detection of products, and the initial concentrations of benzene, NOx, and O-2 were widely varied (by factors of 6300, 1500, and 13, respectively). In contrast to results from previous studies, a pronounced dependence of the product distribution on the NOx concentration was observed. The phenol yield decreases from approximately 50-60% in the presence of low concentrations (10 000 ppb) NOx concentrations. In the presence of high concentrations of NOx, the phenol yield increases with increasing O-2 partial pressure. The rate constant of the reaction of hydroxycyclohexadienyl peroxyl radicals with NO was determined to be (1.7 +/- 0.6) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). This reaction leads to the formation of E, E-2,4-hexadienedial as the main identiable product (29 +/- 16. The reaction of the hydroxycyclohexadienyl radical with NO2 gave phenol (5.9 +/- 3.4 and E,E-2,4-hexadienedial (3.4 +/- 1.9, no other products could be identified. The residual FTIR product spectra indicate the formation of unknown nitrates or other nitrogen-containing species in high yield. The results from the present work also show that experimental studies aimed at establishing/verifying chemical mechanisms for aromatic hydrocarbons must be performed using NOx levels which are representative of those found in the atmosphere.

Smog chamber/FTIR techniques were used to study the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of Cl atoms with iodobenzene (C6H5I) in 20-700 Torr of N-2, air, or O-2 diluent at 296 K. The reaction proceeds with a rate constant k(Cl + QH(5)I) = (3.3 +/- 0.7) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) to give chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl) in a yield which is indistinguishable from 100 The title reaction proceeds via a displacement mechanism (probably addition followed by elimination). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Smog chamber/FTIR techniques were used to study the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of Cl atoms with iodobenzene (C6H5I) in 20-700 Torr of N-2, air, or O-2 diluent at 296 K. The reaction proceeds with a rate constant k(Cl + QH(5)I) = (3.3 +/- 0.7) x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) to give chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl) in a yield which is indistinguishable from 100 The title reaction proceeds via a displacement mechanism (probably addition followed by elimination). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.