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1. Global Carbon Budget 2017

Author: Quéré, Corinne, Le, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Ivar Korsbakken, Jan, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M.S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin Ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Padin, X.A., Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T., van der, Werf, Guido R., van der, Heuven, Steven, Van, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhu, Dan, Quéré, Corinne, Le, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Ivar Korsbakken, Jan, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M.S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin Ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Padin, X.A., Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T., van der, Werf, Guido R., van der, Heuven, Steven, Van, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, and Zhu, Dan
Abstract: Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere-the "global carbon budget"-is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-cover change data and bookkeeping models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1δ. For the last decade available (2007-2016), EFF was 9.4±0.5 GtC yr-1, ELUC 1.3±0.7 GtC yr-1, GATM 4.7±0.1 GtC yr-1, SOCEAN 2.4±0.5 GtC yr-1, and SLAND 3.0±0.8 GtC yr-1, with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.6 GtC yr-1 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For year 2016 alone, the growth in EFF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9±0.5 GtC yr-1. Also for 2016, ELUC was 1.3±0.7 GtC yr-1, GATM was 6.1±0.2 GtC yr-1, SOCEAN was 2.6±0.5 GtC yr-1, and SLAND was 2.7±1.0 GtC yr-1, with a small BIM of-0.3 GtC. GATM continued to be higher in 2016 compared to the past decade (2007-2016), reflecting in part the high fossil emissions and the small SLAND consistent with El Ninõ conditions. The gl
Published: 2018

2. Global Carbon Budget 2017

Author: Quéré, Corinne, Le, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Ivar Korsbakken, Jan, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M.S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Antonio Padin, X., Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., Luijkx, Ingrid, Werf, Guido R., Van Der, Heuven, Steven, Van, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhu, Dan, Quéré, Corinne, Le, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Ivar Korsbakken, Jan, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M.S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Antonio Padin, X., Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., Luijkx, Ingrid, Werf, Guido R., Van Der, Heuven, Steven, Van, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, and Zhu, Dan
Abstract: Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere – the "global carbon budget" – is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-cover change data and bookkeeping models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as ±1σ. For the last decade available (2007–2016), EFF was 9.4 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1, ELUC 1.3 ± 0.7 GtC yr−1, GATM 4.7 ± 0.1 GtC yr−1, SOCEAN 2.4 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1, and SLAND 3.0 ± 0.8 GtC yr−1, with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.6 GtC yr−1 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For year 2016 alone, the growth in EFF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1. Also for 2016, ELUC was 1.3 ± 0.7 GtC yr−1, GATM was 6.1 ± 0.2 GtC yr−1, SOCEAN was 2.6 ± 0.5 GtC yr−1, and SLAND was 2.7 ± 1.0 GtC yr−1, with a small BIM of −0.3 GtC. GATM continued to be higher in 2016 compared to the past decade (2007–2016), reflecting in part the high fossil emissions and the small SLAND consistent with E
Published: 2018

3. Global Carbon Budget 2017

Author: Environmental Sciences, Le Quéré, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Ivar Korsbakken, Jan, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M.S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin Ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Antonio Padin, X., Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T.Vander, Werf, Guido R.Vander, van Heuven, Steven M.A.C., Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhu, Dan, Environmental Sciences, Le Quéré, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Ivar Korsbakken, Jan, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M.S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin Ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Antonio Padin, X., Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T.Vander, Werf, Guido R.Vander, van Heuven, Steven M.A.C., Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, and Zhu, Dan
Published: 2018

4. Global Carbon Budget 2017

Author: Le Quéré, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Padin, X. Antonio, Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T., van der Werf, Guido R., van Heuven, Steven, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhu, Dan, Le Quéré, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Padin, X. Antonio, Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T., van der Werf, Guido R., van Heuven, Steven, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, and Zhu, Dan
Published: 2018

5. Global Carbon Budget 2017

Author: Environmental Sciences, Le Quéré, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Ivar Korsbakken, Jan, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M.S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin Ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Antonio Padin, X., Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T.Vander, Werf, Guido R.Vander, van Heuven, Steven M.A.C., Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhu, Dan, Environmental Sciences, Le Quéré, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Ivar Korsbakken, Jan, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M.S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin Ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Antonio Padin, X., Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T.Vander, Werf, Guido R.Vander, van Heuven, Steven M.A.C., Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, and Zhu, Dan
Published: 2018

6. Global Carbon Budget 2017

Author: Le Quéré, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Padin, X. Antonio, Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T., van der Werf, Guido R., van Heuven, Steven, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhu, Dan, Le Quéré, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Padin, X. Antonio, Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T., van der Werf, Guido R., van Heuven, Steven, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, and Zhu, Dan
Published: 2018

7. Global Carbon Budget 2017

Author: Environmental Sciences, Le Quéré, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Ivar Korsbakken, Jan, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M.S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin Ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Antonio Padin, X., Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T.Vander, Werf, Guido R.Vander, van Heuven, Steven M.A.C., Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhu, Dan, Environmental Sciences, Le Quéré, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Ivar Korsbakken, Jan, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M.S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E.M.S., Nakaoka, Shin Ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Antonio Padin, X., Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, Tubiello, Francesco N., Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T.Vander, Werf, Guido R.Vander, van Heuven, Steven M.A.C., Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, and Zhu, Dan
Published: 2018

8. Global Carbon Budget 2017

Author: Le Quéré, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Padín, X. Antoni, Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T., van der Werf, Guido R., van Heuven, Steven, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhu, Dan, Le Quéré, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Padín, X. Antoni, Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T., van der Werf, Guido R., van Heuven, Steven, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, and Zhu, Dan
Published: 2017

9. Global Carbon Budget 2017

Author: Le Quéré, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Padín, X. Antoni, Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T., van der Werf, Guido R., van Heuven, Steven, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, Zhu, Dan, Le Quéré, Corinne, Andrew, Robbie M., Friedlingstein, Pierre, Sitch, Stephen, Pongratz, Julia, Manning, Andrew C., Korsbakken, Jan Ivar, Peters, Glen P., Canadell, Josep G., Jackson, Robert B., Boden, Thomas A., Tans, Pieter P., Andrews, Oliver D., Arora, Vivek K., Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Barbero, Leticia, Becker, Meike, Betts, Richard A., Bopp, Laurent, Chevallier, Frédéric, Chini, Louise P., Ciais, Philippe, Cosca, Catherine E., Cross, Jessica, Currie, Kim, Gasser, Thomas, Harris, Ian, Hauck, Judith, Haverd, Vanessa, Houghton, Richard A., Hunt, Christopher W., Hurtt, George, Ilyina, Tatiana, Jain, Atul K., Kato, Etsushi, Kautz, Markus, Keeling, Ralph F., Klein Goldewijk, Kees, Körtzinger, Arne, Landschützer, Peter, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lenton, Andrew, Lienert, Sebastian, Lima, Ivan, Lombardozzi, Danica, Metzl, Nicolas, Millero, Frank, Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Nabel, Julia E. M. S., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Padín, X. Antoni, Peregon, Anna, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pierrot, Denis, Poulter, Benjamin, Rehder, Gregor, Reimer, Janet, Rödenbeck, Christian, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Stocker, Benjamin D., Tian, Hanqin, Tilbrook, Bronte, van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T., van der Werf, Guido R., van Heuven, Steven, Viovy, Nicolas, Vuichard, Nicolas, Walker, Anthony P., Watson, Andrew J., Wiltshire, Andrew J., Zaehle, Sönke, and Zhu, Dan
Published: 2017

10. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO(2) data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author: Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frederic, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jerome, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopherw., Huss, Betty, Ibanhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Koertzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschuetzer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefevre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, Van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. ., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., Xu, Suqing, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frederic, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jerome, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopherw., Huss, Betty, Ibanhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Koertzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschuetzer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefevre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, Van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. ., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., and Xu, Suqing
Abstract: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO(2) (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO(2) values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO(2) values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO(2) values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO(2) has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014).Indi
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Historical reconstruction of ocean acidification in the Australian region

Author: Lenton, Andrew, Tilbrook, Bronte, Matear, Richard J., Sasse, Tristan P., Nojiri, Yukihiro, Lenton, Andrew, Tilbrook, Bronte, Matear, Richard J., Sasse, Tristan P., and Nojiri, Yukihiro
Abstract: The ocean has become more acidic over the last 200 years in response increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Documenting how the ocean has changed is critical for assessing how these changes impact marine ecosystems and for the management of marine resources. Here we use present-day ocean carbon observations, from shelf and offshore waters around Australia, combined with neural network mapping of CO2, sea surface temperature, and salinity to estimate the current seasonal and regional distributions of carbonate chemistry (pH and aragonite saturation state). The observed changes in atmospheric CO2 and sea surface temperature (SST) and climatological salinity are then used to reconstruct pH and aragonite saturation state changes over the last 140 years (1870-2013). The comparison with data collected at Integrated Marine Observing System National Reference Station sites located on the shelf around Australia shows that both the mean state and seasonality in the present day are well represented, with the exception of sites such as the Great Barrier Reef. Our reconstruction predicts that since 1870 decrease in aragonite saturation state of 0.48 and of 0.09 in pH has occurred in response to increasing oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2. Large seasonal variability in pH and aragonite saturation state occur in southwestern Australia driven by ocean dynamics (mixing) and in the Tasman Sea by seasonal warming (in the case of the aragonite saturation state). The seasonal and historical changes in aragonite saturation state and pH have different spatial patterns and suggest that the biological responses to ocean acidification are likely to be non-uniform depending on the relative sensitivity of organisms to shifts in pH and saturation state. This new historical reconstruction provides an important link to biological observations that will help to elucidate the consequences of ocean acidification.
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author: Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frédéric, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jérôme, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ibánhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., Xu, Suqing, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frédéric, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jérôme, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ibánhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., and Xu, Suqing
Published: 2016

13. Historical reconstruction of ocean acidification in the Australian region

Author: Lenton, Andrew, Tilbrook, Bronte, Matear, Richard J., Sasse, Tristan P., Nojiri, Yukihiro, Lenton, Andrew, Tilbrook, Bronte, Matear, Richard J., Sasse, Tristan P., and Nojiri, Yukihiro
Abstract: The ocean has become more acidic over the last 200 years in response increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Documenting how the ocean has changed is critical for assessing how these changes impact marine ecosystems and for the management of marine resources. Here we use present-day ocean carbon observations, from shelf and offshore waters around Australia, combined with neural network mapping of CO2, sea surface temperature, and salinity to estimate the current seasonal and regional distributions of carbonate chemistry (pH and aragonite saturation state). The observed changes in atmospheric CO2 and sea surface temperature (SST) and climatological salinity are then used to reconstruct pH and aragonite saturation state changes over the last 140 years (1870-2013). The comparison with data collected at Integrated Marine Observing System National Reference Station sites located on the shelf around Australia shows that both the mean state and seasonality in the present day are well represented, with the exception of sites such as the Great Barrier Reef. Our reconstruction predicts that since 1870 decrease in aragonite saturation state of 0.48 and of 0.09 in pH has occurred in response to increasing oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2. Large seasonal variability in pH and aragonite saturation state occur in southwestern Australia driven by ocean dynamics (mixing) and in the Tasman Sea by seasonal warming (in the case of the aragonite saturation state). The seasonal and historical changes in aragonite saturation state and pH have different spatial patterns and suggest that the biological responses to ocean acidification are likely to be non-uniform depending on the relative sensitivity of organisms to shifts in pH and saturation state. This new historical reconstruction provides an important link to biological observations that will help to elucidate the consequences of ocean acidification.
Published: 2016
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14. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO(2) data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author: Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frederic, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jerome, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopherw., Huss, Betty, Ibanhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Koertzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschuetzer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefevre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, Van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. ., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., Xu, Suqing, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frederic, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jerome, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopherw., Huss, Betty, Ibanhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Koertzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschuetzer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefevre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, Van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. ., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., and Xu, Suqing
Abstract: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO(2) (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO(2) values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO(2) values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO(2) values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO(2) has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014).Indi
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author: Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frédéric, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jérôme, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ibánhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., Xu, Suqing, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frédéric, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jérôme, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ibánhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., and Xu, Suqing
Published: 2016

16. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author: Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frédéric, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jérôme, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ibanhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., Xu, Suqing, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frédéric, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jérôme, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ibanhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., and Xu, Suqing
Abstract: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014). Individual da
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Historical reconstruction of ocean acidification in the Australian region

Author: Lenton, Andrew, Tilbrook, Bronte, Matear, Richard J., Sasse, Tristan P., Nojiri, Yukihiro, Lenton, Andrew, Tilbrook, Bronte, Matear, Richard J., Sasse, Tristan P., and Nojiri, Yukihiro
Abstract: The ocean has become more acidic over the last 200 years in response increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Documenting how the ocean has changed is critical for assessing how these changes impact marine ecosystems and for the management of marine resources. Here we use present-day ocean carbon observations, from shelf and offshore waters around Australia, combined with neural network mapping of CO2, sea surface temperature, and salinity to estimate the current seasonal and regional distributions of carbonate chemistry (pH and aragonite saturation state). The observed changes in atmospheric CO2 and sea surface temperature (SST) and climatological salinity are then used to reconstruct pH and aragonite saturation state changes over the last 140 years (1870-2013). The comparison with data collected at Integrated Marine Observing System National Reference Station sites located on the shelf around Australia shows that both the mean state and seasonality in the present day are well represented, with the exception of sites such as the Great Barrier Reef. Our reconstruction predicts that since 1870 decrease in aragonite saturation state of 0.48 and of 0.09 in pH has occurred in response to increasing oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2. Large seasonal variability in pH and aragonite saturation state occur in southwestern Australia driven by ocean dynamics (mixing) and in the Tasman Sea by seasonal warming (in the case of the aragonite saturation state). The seasonal and historical changes in aragonite saturation state and pH have different spatial patterns and suggest that the biological responses to ocean acidification are likely to be non-uniform depending on the relative sensitivity of organisms to shifts in pH and saturation state. This new historical reconstruction provides an important link to biological observations that will help to elucidate the consequences of ocean acidification.
Published: 2016
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18. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO(2) data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author: Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frederic, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jerome, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopherw., Huss, Betty, Ibanhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Koertzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschuetzer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefevre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, Van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. ., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., Xu, Suqing, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frederic, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jerome, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopherw., Huss, Betty, Ibanhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Koertzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschuetzer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefevre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, Van Heuven, Steven M. A. C. ., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., and Xu, Suqing
Abstract: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO(2) (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO(2) values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO(2) values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO(2) values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO(2) has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014).Indi
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author: Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frédéric, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jérôme, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ibanhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., Xu, Suqing, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frédéric, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jérôme, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ibanhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., and Xu, Suqing
Abstract: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014). Individual da
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author: Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frédéric, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jérôme, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ibanhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., Xu, Suqing, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frédéric, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jérôme, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ibanhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., and Xu, Suqing
Abstract: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014). Individual da
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Author: Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frédéric, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jérôme, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ibanhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., Xu, Suqing, Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Pfeil, Benjamin, Landa, Camilla S., Metzl, Nicolas, O'Brien, Kevin M., Olsen, Are, Smith, Karl, Cosca, Cathy, Harasawa, Sumiko, Jones, Stephen D., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Schuster, Ute, Steinhoff, Tobias, Sweeney, Colm, Takahashi, Taro, Tilbrook, Bronte, Wada, Chisato, Wanninkhof, Rik, Alin, Simone R., Balestrini, Carlos F., Barbero, Leticia, Bates, Nicholas R., Bianchi, Alejandro A., Bonou, Frédéric, Boutin, Jacqueline, Bozec, Yann, Burger, Eugene F., Cai, Wei-Jun, Castle, Robert D., Chen, Liqi, Chierici, Melissa, Currie, Kim, Evans, Wiley, Featherstone, Charles, Feely, Richard A., Fransson, Agneta, Goyet, Catherine, Greenwood, Naomi, Gregor, Luke, Hankin, Steven, Hardman-Mountford, Nick J., Harlay, Jérôme, Hauck, Judith, Hoppema, Mario, Humphreys, Matthew P., Hunt, Christopher W., Huss, Betty, Ibanhez, J. Severino P., Johannessen, Truls, Keeling, Ralph, Kitidis, Vassilis, Körtzinger, Arne, Kozyr, Alex, Krasakopoulou, Evangelia, Kuwata, Akira, Landschützer, Peter, Lauvset, Siv K., Lefèvre, Nathalie, Lo Monaco, Claire, Manke, Ansley, Mathis, Jeremy T., Merlivat, Liliane, Millero, Frank J., Monteiro, Pedro M. S., Munro, David R., Murata, Akihiko, Newberger, Timothy, Omar, Abdirahman M., Ono, Tsuneo, Paterson, Kristina, Pearce, David, Pierrot, Denis, Robbins, Lisa L., Saito, Shu, Salisbury, Joe, Schlitzer, Reiner, Schneider, Bernd, Schweitzer, Roland, Sieger, Rainer, Skjelvan, Ingunn, Sullivan, Kevin F., Sutherland, Stewart C., Sutton, Adrienne J., Tadokoro, Kazuaki, Telszewski, Maciej, Tuma, Matthias, van Heuven, Steven M. A. C., Vandemark, Doug, Ward, Brian, Watson, Andrew J., and Xu, Suqing
Abstract: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.7 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.6 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014). Individual da
Published: 2016
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Surface ocean CO2 in 1990–2011 modelled using a feed-forward neural network

Author: Zeng, Jiye, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nakajima, Hideaki, Shirai, Tomoko, Zeng, Jiye, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nakajima, Hideaki, and Shirai, Tomoko
Abstract: This dataset includes the monthly distributions of CO2 fugacity in the world surface oceans reconstructed using a feed-forward neural network model and the CO2 measurements of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas version 2.0. It has a spatial resolution of 1 9 1° and spans a period of 22 years, from January 1990 to December 2011. The dataset also includes necessary parameters for the reconstruction and an estimate of the CO2 fluxes between the ocean and the atmosphere. The aim of this work is to provide a dataset for estimating the oceans’ contribution to the global carbon budget.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. Surface ocean CO2 in 1990–2011 modelled using a feed-forward neural network

Author: Zeng, Jiye, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nakajima, Hideaki, Shirai, Tomoko, Zeng, Jiye, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nakajima, Hideaki, and Shirai, Tomoko
Abstract: This dataset includes the monthly distributions of CO2 fugacity in the world surface oceans reconstructed using a feed-forward neural network model and the CO2 measurements of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas version 2.0. It has a spatial resolution of 1 9 1° and spans a period of 22 years, from January 1990 to December 2011. The dataset also includes necessary parameters for the reconstruction and an estimate of the CO2 fluxes between the ocean and the atmosphere. The aim of this work is to provide a dataset for estimating the oceans’ contribution to the global carbon budget.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Surface ocean CO2 in 1990–2011 modelled using a feed-forward neural network

Author: Zeng, Jiye, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nakajima, Hideaki, Shirai, Tomoko, Zeng, Jiye, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Nakajima, Hideaki, and Shirai, Tomoko
Abstract: This dataset includes the monthly distributions of CO2 fugacity in the world surface oceans reconstructed using a feed-forward neural network model and the CO2 measurements of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas version 2.0. It has a spatial resolution of 1 9 1° and spans a period of 22 years, from January 1990 to December 2011. The dataset also includes necessary parameters for the reconstruction and an estimate of the CO2 fluxes between the ocean and the atmosphere. The aim of this work is to provide a dataset for estimating the oceans’ contribution to the global carbon budget.
Published: 2015
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Air-sea CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean for the period 1990–2009

Author: Ishii, Masao, Feely, Richard A., Rodgers, Keith B., Park, Geun-Ha, Wanninkhof, Rik, Sasano, D., Sugimoto, H., Cosca, Catherine E., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Telszewski, Maciej, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Mikaloff Fletcher, Sara E., Niwa, Y., Patra, Prabir K., Valsala, V., Nakano, Hideyuki, Lima, Ivan D., Doney, Scott C., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Aumont, Olivier, Dunne, John P., Lenton, Andrew, Takahashi, Taro, Ishii, Masao, Feely, Richard A., Rodgers, Keith B., Park, Geun-Ha, Wanninkhof, Rik, Sasano, D., Sugimoto, H., Cosca, Catherine E., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Telszewski, Maciej, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Mikaloff Fletcher, Sara E., Niwa, Y., Patra, Prabir K., Valsala, V., Nakano, Hideyuki, Lima, Ivan D., Doney, Scott C., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Aumont, Olivier, Dunne, John P., Lenton, Andrew, and Takahashi, Taro
Abstract: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Biogeosciences 11 (2014): 709-734, doi:10.5194/bg-11-709-2014., Air–sea CO2 fluxes over the Pacific Ocean are known to be characterized by coherent large-scale structures that reflect not only ocean subduction and upwelling patterns, but also the combined effects of wind-driven gas exchange and biology. On the largest scales, a large net CO2 influx into the extratropics is associated with a robust seasonal cycle, and a large net CO2 efflux from the tropics is associated with substantial interannual variability. In this work, we have synthesized estimates of the net air–sea CO2 flux from a variety of products, drawing upon a variety of approaches in three sub-basins of the Pacific Ocean, i.e., the North Pacific extratropics (18–66° N), the tropical Pacific (18° S–18° N), and the South Pacific extratropics (44.5–18° S). These approaches include those based on the measurements of CO2 partial pressure in surface seawater (pCO2sw), inversions of ocean-interior CO2 data, forward ocean biogeochemistry models embedded in the ocean general circulation models (OBGCMs), a model with assimilation of pCO2sw data, and inversions of atmospheric CO2 measurements. Long-term means, interannual variations and mean seasonal variations of the regionally integrated fluxes were compared in each of the sub-basins over the last two decades, spanning the period from 1990 through 2009. A simple average of the long-term mean fluxes obtained with surface water pCO2 diagnostics and those obtained with ocean-interior CO2 inversions are −0.47 ± 0.13 Pg C yr−1 in the North Pacific extratropics, +0.44 ± 0.14 Pg C yr−1 in the tropical Pacific, and −0.37 ± 0.08 Pg C yr−1 in the South Pacific extratropics, where positive fluxes are into the atmosphere. This suggests that approximately half of the CO2 taken up over the North and South Pacific extratropics is released back to the atmosphere from the tropical Pacific. These estimates of the regional fluxes are also supported by the estimates from OBGCMs after adding the riverine CO2 flux, i.e., −0.49 ± 0.02 Pg C yr−1, M. Ishii acknowledges the Meteorological Research Institute’s priority research fund for ocean carbon cycle changes, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) No. 22310017, and MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas No. 24121003. Support for K. B. Rodgers came under awards NA17RJ2612 and NA08OAR4320752, and support for K. B. Rodgers and R. A. Feely from the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) through the office of Climate Observations (OCO), as well as by funds from NASA’s Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences through award #NNX09AI13G. SMF’s contributions were funded through the NIWA National Centre for Atmosphere’s core research funding. S. C. Doney and I. Lima acknowledge support from US National Science Foundation award AGS-1048827. E. T. Buitenhuis acknowledges support from the EU (CarboChange, contract 264879). A. Lenton acknowledges support from the Australian Climate Change Science Program. T. Takahashi is supported by grants from the NOAA (NA08OAR4320754) and the Comer Science and Education Foundation (CSEF CP70).
Published: 2014

26. Air-sea CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean for the period 1990–2009

Author: Ishii, Masao, Feely, Richard A., Rodgers, Keith B., Park, Geun-Ha, Wanninkhof, Rik, Sasano, D., Sugimoto, H., Cosca, Catherine E., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Telszewski, Maciej, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Mikaloff Fletcher, Sara E., Niwa, Y., Patra, Prabir K., Valsala, V., Nakano, Hideyuki, Lima, Ivan D., Doney, Scott C., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Aumont, Olivier, Dunne, John P., Lenton, Andrew, Takahashi, Taro, Ishii, Masao, Feely, Richard A., Rodgers, Keith B., Park, Geun-Ha, Wanninkhof, Rik, Sasano, D., Sugimoto, H., Cosca, Catherine E., Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro, Telszewski, Maciej, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Mikaloff Fletcher, Sara E., Niwa, Y., Patra, Prabir K., Valsala, V., Nakano, Hideyuki, Lima, Ivan D., Doney, Scott C., Buitenhuis, Erik T., Aumont, Olivier, Dunne, John P., Lenton, Andrew, and Takahashi, Taro
Abstract: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Biogeosciences 11 (2014): 709-734, doi:10.5194/bg-11-709-2014., Air–sea CO2 fluxes over the Pacific Ocean are known to be characterized by coherent large-scale structures that reflect not only ocean subduction and upwelling patterns, but also the combined effects of wind-driven gas exchange and biology. On the largest scales, a large net CO2 influx into the extratropics is associated with a robust seasonal cycle, and a large net CO2 efflux from the tropics is associated with substantial interannual variability. In this work, we have synthesized estimates of the net air–sea CO2 flux from a variety of products, drawing upon a variety of approaches in three sub-basins of the Pacific Ocean, i.e., the North Pacific extratropics (18–66° N), the tropical Pacific (18° S–18° N), and the South Pacific extratropics (44.5–18° S). These approaches include those based on the measurements of CO2 partial pressure in surface seawater (pCO2sw), inversions of ocean-interior CO2 data, forward ocean biogeochemistry models embedded in the ocean general circulation models (OBGCMs), a model with assimilation of pCO2sw data, and inversions of atmospheric CO2 measurements. Long-term means, interannual variations and mean seasonal variations of the regionally integrated fluxes were compared in each of the sub-basins over the last two decades, spanning the period from 1990 through 2009. A simple average of the long-term mean fluxes obtained with surface water pCO2 diagnostics and those obtained with ocean-interior CO2 inversions are −0.47 ± 0.13 Pg C yr−1 in the North Pacific extratropics, +0.44 ± 0.14 Pg C yr−1 in the tropical Pacific, and −0.37 ± 0.08 Pg C yr−1 in the South Pacific extratropics, where positive fluxes are into the atmosphere. This suggests that approximately half of the CO2 taken up over the North and South Pacific extratropics is released back to the atmosphere from the tropical Pacific. These estimates of the regional fluxes are also supported by the estimates from OBGCMs after adding the riverine CO2 flux, i.e., −0.49 ± 0.02 Pg C yr−1, M. Ishii acknowledges the Meteorological Research Institute’s priority research fund for ocean carbon cycle changes, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) No. 22310017, and MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas No. 24121003. Support for K. B. Rodgers came under awards NA17RJ2612 and NA08OAR4320752, and support for K. B. Rodgers and R. A. Feely from the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) through the office of Climate Observations (OCO), as well as by funds from NASA’s Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences through award #NNX09AI13G. SMF’s contributions were funded through the NIWA National Centre for Atmosphere’s core research funding. S. C. Doney and I. Lima acknowledge support from US National Science Foundation award AGS-1048827. E. T. Buitenhuis acknowledges support from the EU (CarboChange, contract 264879). A. Lenton acknowledges support from the Australian Climate Change Science Program. T. Takahashi is supported by grants from the NOAA (NA08OAR4320754) and the Comer Science and Education Foundation (CSEF CP70).
Published: 2014

27. Global ocean carbon uptake : magnitude, variability and trends

Author: Wanninkhof, Rik, Park, Geun-Ha, Takahashi, Taro, Sweeney, Colm, Feely, Richard A., Nojiri, Yukihiro, Gruber, Nicolas, Doney, Scott C., McKinley, Galen A., Lenton, Andrew, Le Quere, Corinne, Heinze, Christoph, Schwinger, Jorg, Graven, Heather, Khatiwala, Samar, Wanninkhof, Rik, Park, Geun-Ha, Takahashi, Taro, Sweeney, Colm, Feely, Richard A., Nojiri, Yukihiro, Gruber, Nicolas, Doney, Scott C., McKinley, Galen A., Lenton, Andrew, Le Quere, Corinne, Heinze, Christoph, Schwinger, Jorg, Graven, Heather, and Khatiwala, Samar
Abstract: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Biogeosciences 10 (2013): 1983-2000, doi:10.5194/bg-10-1983-2013., The globally integrated sea–air anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) flux from 1990 to 2009 is determined from models and data-based approaches as part of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP) project. Numerical methods include ocean inverse models, atmospheric inverse models, and ocean general circulation models with parameterized biogeochemistry (OBGCMs). The median value of different approaches shows good agreement in average uptake. The best estimate of anthropogenic CO2 uptake for the time period based on a compilation of approaches is −2.0 Pg C yr−1. The interannual variability in the sea–air flux is largely driven by large-scale climate re-organizations and is estimated at 0.2 Pg C yr−1 for the two decades with some systematic differences between approaches. The largest differences between approaches are seen in the decadal trends. The trends range from −0.13 (Pg C yr−1) decade−1 to −0.50 (Pg C yr−1) decade−1 for the two decades under investigation. The OBGCMs and the data-based sea–air CO2 flux estimates show appreciably smaller decadal trends than estimates based on changes in carbon inventory suggesting that methods capable of resolving shorter timescales are showing a slowing of the rate of ocean CO2 uptake. RECCAP model outputs for five decades show similar differences in trends between approaches., RW, G-HP., RAF were supported in part through the Global Carbon Data Management and Synthesis Project of the NOAA Climate Program Office. NG and HG were supported by funds from ETH Zurich and through the FP7 projects CarboChange (Project reference 264879) and GeoCarbon. CS was supported by grants, NSF/OPP 0944761 and NOAA NA12OAR4310058. SCD acknowledges support through the NOAA Climate Process Team activity, NOAA grant NA07OAR4310098. CH and JS were supported through EU FP7 project COMBINE (grant agreement no. 226520), the Research Council of Norway funded project CarboSeason (185105/S30), the Norwegian Metacenter for Computational Science and Storage Infrastructure (NOTUR and Norstore, “Biogeochemical Earth system modeling” projects nn2980k and ns2980k) and the core project BIOFEEDBACK of the Centre for Climate Dynamics (SKD) within the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research.
Published: 2013

28. Global ocean carbon uptake : magnitude, variability and trends

Author: Wanninkhof, Rik, Park, Geun-Ha, Takahashi, Taro, Sweeney, Colm, Feely, Richard A., Nojiri, Yukihiro, Gruber, Nicolas, Doney, Scott C., McKinley, Galen A., Lenton, Andrew, Le Quere, Corinne, Heinze, Christoph, Schwinger, Jorg, Graven, Heather, Khatiwala, Samar, Wanninkhof, Rik, Park, Geun-Ha, Takahashi, Taro, Sweeney, Colm, Feely, Richard A., Nojiri, Yukihiro, Gruber, Nicolas, Doney, Scott C., McKinley, Galen A., Lenton, Andrew, Le Quere, Corinne, Heinze, Christoph, Schwinger, Jorg, Graven, Heather, and Khatiwala, Samar
Abstract: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Biogeosciences 10 (2013): 1983-2000, doi:10.5194/bg-10-1983-2013., The globally integrated sea–air anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) flux from 1990 to 2009 is determined from models and data-based approaches as part of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP) project. Numerical methods include ocean inverse models, atmospheric inverse models, and ocean general circulation models with parameterized biogeochemistry (OBGCMs). The median value of different approaches shows good agreement in average uptake. The best estimate of anthropogenic CO2 uptake for the time period based on a compilation of approaches is −2.0 Pg C yr−1. The interannual variability in the sea–air flux is largely driven by large-scale climate re-organizations and is estimated at 0.2 Pg C yr−1 for the two decades with some systematic differences between approaches. The largest differences between approaches are seen in the decadal trends. The trends range from −0.13 (Pg C yr−1) decade−1 to −0.50 (Pg C yr−1) decade−1 for the two decades under investigation. The OBGCMs and the data-based sea–air CO2 flux estimates show appreciably smaller decadal trends than estimates based on changes in carbon inventory suggesting that methods capable of resolving shorter timescales are showing a slowing of the rate of ocean CO2 uptake. RECCAP model outputs for five decades show similar differences in trends between approaches., RW, G-HP., RAF were supported in part through the Global Carbon Data Management and Synthesis Project of the NOAA Climate Program Office. NG and HG were supported by funds from ETH Zurich and through the FP7 projects CarboChange (Project reference 264879) and GeoCarbon. CS was supported by grants, NSF/OPP 0944761 and NOAA NA12OAR4310058. SCD acknowledges support through the NOAA Climate Process Team activity, NOAA grant NA07OAR4310098. CH and JS were supported through EU FP7 project COMBINE (grant agreement no. 226520), the Research Council of Norway funded project CarboSeason (185105/S30), the Norwegian Metacenter for Computational Science and Storage Infrastructure (NOTUR and Norstore, “Biogeochemical Earth system modeling” projects nn2980k and ns2980k) and the core project BIOFEEDBACK of the Centre for Climate Dynamics (SKD) within the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research.
Published: 2013

29. The pCO2 variability in the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean during a full annual cycle

Author: Lüger, Heike, Wallace, Douglas W.R., Körtzinger, Arne, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Lüger, Heike, Wallace, Douglas W.R., Körtzinger, Arne, and Nojiri, Yukihiro
Abstract: The results of 1 year of automated pCO2 measurements in 2002/2003 onboard the car carrier M/V Falstaff are presented and analyzed with regard to the driving forces that change the seawater pCO2 in the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean. The pCO2 in surface seawater is controlled by thermodynamics, biology, air-sea gas exchange, and physical mixing. Here we estimate the effects on the annual cycle of pCO2 and relate this property to parameters like SST, nitrate, and chlorophyll. On the basis of the amplitude in seawater pCO2 for all 4° × 5° grid boxes, this region can be separated into an eastern and western basin. The annual pCO2 cycle in the eastern basin (10°W–35°W) is less variable, which can be related to the two counteracting effects of temperature and biology; air-sea gas exchange plays a minor role when using climatological MLD. In the western basin (36°W–70°W) the pCO2 amplitude is more variable and strongly follows the thermodynamic forcing, since the biological forcing (as derived from nitrate concentrations) is decreased. Biology and air-sea exchange strongly depend on the MLD and therefore also include physical mixing effects. The pCO2 data of the analyzed region between 34°N and 52°N compare well to the Takahashi et al. [2002] climatology except for regions north of 45°N during the wintertime where the bias is significant.
Published: 2004
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. The pCO2 variability in the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean during a full annual cycle

Author: Lüger, Heike, Wallace, Douglas W.R., Körtzinger, Arne, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Lüger, Heike, Wallace, Douglas W.R., Körtzinger, Arne, and Nojiri, Yukihiro
Abstract: The results of 1 year of automated pCO2 measurements in 2002/2003 onboard the car carrier M/V Falstaff are presented and analyzed with regard to the driving forces that change the seawater pCO2 in the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean. The pCO2 in surface seawater is controlled by thermodynamics, biology, air-sea gas exchange, and physical mixing. Here we estimate the effects on the annual cycle of pCO2 and relate this property to parameters like SST, nitrate, and chlorophyll. On the basis of the amplitude in seawater pCO2 for all 4° × 5° grid boxes, this region can be separated into an eastern and western basin. The annual pCO2 cycle in the eastern basin (10°W–35°W) is less variable, which can be related to the two counteracting effects of temperature and biology; air-sea gas exchange plays a minor role when using climatological MLD. In the western basin (36°W–70°W) the pCO2 amplitude is more variable and strongly follows the thermodynamic forcing, since the biological forcing (as derived from nitrate concentrations) is decreased. Biology and air-sea exchange strongly depend on the MLD and therefore also include physical mixing effects. The pCO2 data of the analyzed region between 34°N and 52°N compare well to the Takahashi et al. [2002] climatology except for regions north of 45°N during the wintertime where the bias is significant.
Published: 2004
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. The pCO2 variability in the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean during a full annual cycle

Author: Lüger, Heike, Wallace, Douglas W.R., Körtzinger, Arne, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Lüger, Heike, Wallace, Douglas W.R., Körtzinger, Arne, and Nojiri, Yukihiro
Abstract: The results of 1 year of automated pCO2 measurements in 2002/2003 onboard the car carrier M/V Falstaff are presented and analyzed with regard to the driving forces that change the seawater pCO2 in the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean. The pCO2 in surface seawater is controlled by thermodynamics, biology, air-sea gas exchange, and physical mixing. Here we estimate the effects on the annual cycle of pCO2 and relate this property to parameters like SST, nitrate, and chlorophyll. On the basis of the amplitude in seawater pCO2 for all 4° × 5° grid boxes, this region can be separated into an eastern and western basin. The annual pCO2 cycle in the eastern basin (10°W–35°W) is less variable, which can be related to the two counteracting effects of temperature and biology; air-sea gas exchange plays a minor role when using climatological MLD. In the western basin (36°W–70°W) the pCO2 amplitude is more variable and strongly follows the thermodynamic forcing, since the biological forcing (as derived from nitrate concentrations) is decreased. Biology and air-sea exchange strongly depend on the MLD and therefore also include physical mixing effects. The pCO2 data of the analyzed region between 34°N and 52°N compare well to the Takahashi et al. [2002] climatology except for regions north of 45°N during the wintertime where the bias is significant.
Published: 2004
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Seasonal variability of picophytoplankton and bacteria in the western subarctic Pacific Ocean at station KNOT

Author: Liu, Hongbin, Imai, Keiri, Suzuki, Koji, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Tsurushima, Nobuo, Saino, Toshiro, Liu, Hongbin, Imai, Keiri, Suzuki, Koji, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Tsurushima, Nobuo, and Saino, Toshiro
Abstract: Picoplankton community structure in the upper 200 m at Station KNOT in the western subarctic North Pacific was studied by flow cytometric analysis of the time-series samples collected from June 1998 through June 2000. Phototrophic picoplankton, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes, displayed a clear seasonal cycle in population abundance during the 2-yr period, where chlorophyll a concentration remained relatively low and constant throughout the year, except in spring when the diatom bloom occurred. High picoplankton abundance occurred after the spring diatom bloom when the water column became more stratified. The maximum abundance of Synechococcus occurred in late June to early August, whereas the peak in picoeukaryotes abundance appeared to take place earlier in May and remained high through the summer. Heterotrophic bacteria abundance also displayed a seasonal variation pattern that was closely related to the picoplankton biomass, but not total chlorophyll biomass. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2002

33. Seasonal variability of picophytoplankton and bacteria in the western subarctic Pacific Ocean at station KNOT

Author: Liu, Hongbin, Imai, Keiri, Suzuki, Koji, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Tsurushima, Nobuo, Saino, Toshiro, Liu, Hongbin, Imai, Keiri, Suzuki, Koji, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Tsurushima, Nobuo, and Saino, Toshiro
Abstract: Picoplankton community structure in the upper 200 m at Station KNOT in the western subarctic North Pacific was studied by flow cytometric analysis of the time-series samples collected from June 1998 through June 2000. Phototrophic picoplankton, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes, displayed a clear seasonal cycle in population abundance during the 2-yr period, where chlorophyll a concentration remained relatively low and constant throughout the year, except in spring when the diatom bloom occurred. High picoplankton abundance occurred after the spring diatom bloom when the water column became more stratified. The maximum abundance of Synechococcus occurred in late June to early August, whereas the peak in picoeukaryotes abundance appeared to take place earlier in May and remained high through the summer. Heterotrophic bacteria abundance also displayed a seasonal variation pattern that was closely related to the picoplankton biomass, but not total chlorophyll biomass. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2002

34. Seasonal variability of picophytoplankton and bacteria in the western subarctic Pacific Ocean at station KNOT

Author: Liu, Hongbin, Imai, Keiri, Suzuki, Koji, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Tsurushima, Nobuo, Saino, Toshiro, Liu, Hongbin, Imai, Keiri, Suzuki, Koji, Nojiri, Yukihiro, Tsurushima, Nobuo, and Saino, Toshiro
Abstract: Picoplankton community structure in the upper 200 m at Station KNOT in the western subarctic North Pacific was studied by flow cytometric analysis of the time-series samples collected from June 1998 through June 2000. Phototrophic picoplankton, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes, displayed a clear seasonal cycle in population abundance during the 2-yr period, where chlorophyll a concentration remained relatively low and constant throughout the year, except in spring when the diatom bloom occurred. High picoplankton abundance occurred after the spring diatom bloom when the water column became more stratified. The maximum abundance of Synechococcus occurred in late June to early August, whereas the peak in picoeukaryotes abundance appeared to take place earlier in May and remained high through the summer. Heterotrophic bacteria abundance also displayed a seasonal variation pattern that was closely related to the picoplankton biomass, but not total chlorophyll biomass. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2002

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34 results on '"Nojiri, Yukihiro"'

1. Global Carbon Budget 2017

2. Global Carbon Budget 2017

3. Global Carbon Budget 2017

4. Global Carbon Budget 2017

5. Global Carbon Budget 2017

6. Global Carbon Budget 2017

7. Global Carbon Budget 2017

8. Global Carbon Budget 2017

9. Global Carbon Budget 2017

10. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO(2) data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

11. Historical reconstruction of ocean acidification in the Australian region

12. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

13. Historical reconstruction of ocean acidification in the Australian region

14. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO(2) data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

15. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

16. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

17. Historical reconstruction of ocean acidification in the Australian region

18. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO(2) data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

19. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

20. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

21. A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

22. Surface ocean CO2 in 1990–2011 modelled using a feed-forward neural network

23. Surface ocean CO2 in 1990–2011 modelled using a feed-forward neural network

24. Surface ocean CO2 in 1990–2011 modelled using a feed-forward neural network

25. Air-sea CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean for the period 1990–2009

26. Air-sea CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean for the period 1990–2009

27. Global ocean carbon uptake : magnitude, variability and trends

28. Global ocean carbon uptake : magnitude, variability and trends

29. The pCO2 variability in the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean during a full annual cycle

30. The pCO2 variability in the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean during a full annual cycle

31. The pCO2 variability in the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean during a full annual cycle

32. Seasonal variability of picophytoplankton and bacteria in the western subarctic Pacific Ocean at station KNOT

33. Seasonal variability of picophytoplankton and bacteria in the western subarctic Pacific Ocean at station KNOT

34. Seasonal variability of picophytoplankton and bacteria in the western subarctic Pacific Ocean at station KNOT

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34 results on '"Nojiri, Yukihiro"'

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