Data derived from two special censuses of Oklahoma (1975) and Mississippi (1974) Choctaw populations were used to compare and contrast selected demographic, social, and economic characteristics of "blood brothers" and the variations by location in their quality of life. Comparisons revealed the following: (1) southeastern Oklahoma and eastern Mississippi constituted the core areas of Choctaw population; (2) the Oklahoma Choctaw population was about two and one half times that of Mississippi; (3) both regions were experiencing population growth (more than 50 percent of the population in these two regions was under 25 years of age); (4) the educational attainment for Mississippi Choctaws was lower than that of Oklahoma, but both regions were below the national average; (5) a combination of low educational attainment, limited job opportunities, and possible discrimination had relegated Choctaws to the lower paying jobs; (6) numerous Choctaws were unemployed, and many families were earning less than $3,500 per year; (7) while it appeared that the Oklahoma Choctaws were somewhat better off than their Mississippi brothers, this difference might have been explained by examining the differences in the overall economic development between the two states. (JC)