Search

The design principles of acceptor1–acceptor2 copolymers featuring alternating diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and thienopyrrolodione (TPD) moieties are investigated. The investigated series of polymers is obtained by varying the aromatic linker between the two acceptor motifs between thiophene, thiazole, pyridine, and benzene. High electron affinities between 3.96 and 4.42 eV, facilitated by the synergy of the acceptor motifs are determined with optical gaps between 1.37 and 2.02 eV. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering studies reveal a range of film morphologies after thermal annealing, including face-on, end-on and superstructure edge-on-like crystallites. Conversely, all materials form thin edge-on layers on the polymer–air interface, as demonstrated by multi-elemental near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy. The benefit of the electron-deficient linkers thiazole and pyridine is evident: In organic field effect transistors, electron mobilities of up to 4.6 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 are obtained with outstanding on/off current ratios of 5 × 105, facilitated by the absence of detectable hole transport in these materials. Viability for all-polymer solar cells is assessed in active layer blends with the donor polymer PM6, yielding a maximum average power conversion efficiency of 4.8% and an open circuit voltage above 1 V.

A set of unique features, including large-area solution processing on flexible and stretchable substrates, make polymer semiconductors a promising material choice for a range of state-of-the-art applications in electronics, optoelectronics and sensing. Yet, an inherent weakness of polymer semiconductors remains their low dielectric constants, increasing their susceptibility toward unscreened dipoles. These dipoles are particularly prevalent at polymer-dielectric interfaces with high-k dielectrics, which are essential for the operation of devices such as low-voltage field-effect transistors. This shortcoming can be addressed by using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to passivate surfaces that impact charge transport. However, SAM-treatment also increases the hydrophobicity of surfaces and therefore poses a challenge for subsequent solution processing steps and complex packaging of devices. Here, we report low-voltage polymer transistors processed by spin coating of the polymer semiconductors on highly hydrophobic SAM-treated aluminum and hafnium oxide dielectrics (contact angles >100) through fine-tuning of the interfacial tension at the polymer-dielectric interface. This approach enables the processing and detailed characterization of near-amorphous (indacenodithiophene-cobenzothiadiazole) as well as semicrystalline (poly(2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione-alt-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen)) polymer semiconductors. We demonstrate polymer transistors that exhibit high on-currents and field-independent, charge carrier mobilities of 0.8 cm2 V−1s−1 at low operating voltages (<3 V).

Hygroscopic insulator field effect transistors (HIFETs) are organic transistors with promising characteristics for biosensing applications. However, their fundamental sensing mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This thesis explores HIFET sensors through detailed electrical and optical characterisation, providing vital insights into the distinct mechanisms by which HIFETs detect biologically relevant chemicals. Hydrogen peroxide, a by-product of enzymatic reactions, oxidises the organic semiconductor, modulating the output current. Ionic solutions, such as KCl, NaCl and HCl, modulate the current by changing double layer capacitance. These insights are foundational for the continued development of HIFETs as effective multipurpose biosensing platforms.

The performance of organic field-effect transistors is still severely limited by factors such as contact resistance and charge trapping. Chemical doping is considered to be a promising key enabler for improving device performance, although there is a limited number of established doping protocols as well as a lack of understanding of the doping mechanisms. Here, a very simple doping methodology based on exposing an organic semiconductor thin film to an aqueous iodine solution is reported. The doped devices exhibit enhanced device mobility, which becomes channel-length independent, a decreased threshold voltage and a reduction in the density of interfacial traps. The device OFF current is not altered, which is in agreement with the spectroscopic data that points out that no charge transfer processes are occurring. Kelvin probe force microscopy characterization of the devices under operando conditions unambiguously proves that an important reduction of the contact resistance takes place after their exposition to the iodine solution, reaching almost ohmic contact.

This thesis is a step towards developing all solution processed, low operating voltage, Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers based Organic Field Effect Transistors (OFETs) for printed and flexible electronics. Main emphasis has been devoted to developing series of highly tailored device engineering strategies that bring sequential improvements to electrical characteristics. Research outcomes are guided by structure-property evaluation, including semiconductor-dielectric interface engineering for optimal response, and work-function tuning with application of self-assembled monolayers to circumvent loss mechanisms. It also investigates the impact of packaging for air stable operation using Cytop as a passivation cum threshold voltage stabilizing layer in dual-gate OFET operation.

This document is the unedited Author’s version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in ACS Applied Electronic Materials, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsaelm.0c00183, Organic semiconductor electronics has the potential to become a solid and industrially feasible technology, with new and stimulating applications such as the flexible and transparent electronic devices. However, organic devices still have some drawbacks that must be solved to assure quality and reliability in complex electronic systems. In this work, we focus our attention to the physical origin involved in the negative differential resistance phenomenon, often observed in the output electrical characteristics of organic thin-film transistors but rarely analyzed., This work was supported by the Spanish Government throughProjects ENE2016-78933-C4-1-R, ENE2017-87671-C3-2-R,and TEC2017-82305-R., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Tesis por compendio, [ES] RESUMEN La Electrónica Orgánica ha experimentado un gran avance en las últimas décadas, desde que en los años 70 se descubrieran los polímeros conductores. Las características únicas de los semiconductores orgánicos, han permitido el desarrollo de dispositivos electrónicos flexibles y con múltiple funcionalidad, mediante técnicas de fabricación a temperatura ambiente y bajo coste. Uno de los campos en los que estos dispositivos orgánicos han despertado mayor interés es el de su aplicación como sensores. En particular, los sensores basados en los denominados Transistores Orgánicos de película delgada (OTFT's) han experimentado un gran desarrollo debido a sus múltiples ventajas, como simplicidad, elevada sensibilidad, y posibilidad de miniaturización. Existen dos tipos principales de OTFT's: Transistor Orgánico de Efecto de Campo (OFET) y Transistor Electroquímico Orgánico (OECT). Los OECT's constan de tres electrodos (surtidor, drenador y puerta), un semiconductor orgánico (OSC), y un electrolito en contacto con el semiconductor. El funcionamiento de los sensores basados en OECT's se basa en la modulación de la corriente del canal por dopaje o de-dopaje electroquímico desde el electrolito, cuando se aplican tensiones de puerta. Los OECT's resultan especialmente adecuados como sensores químicos debido a su capacidad de operar en medios acuosos. En este trabajo, se han desarrollado OECT's basados en el OSC PEDOT:PSS mediante tecnología Screen-printing. Los transistores se han diseñado variando su geometría, parámetro del que depende la sensibilidad del sensor. Mediante la caracterización eléctrica de los OECT's, se ha podido determinar la geometría óptima en función del analito a detectar. Finalmente, se ha comprobado experimentalmente la validez de estos OECT's como sensores de cationes de diferentes tamaños y de ácido ascórbico, obteniéndose resultados muy satisfactorios. Los OFET's, se han preparado depositando el OSC sobre el dieléctrico y para obtener el cana, [CA] RESUM La Electrònica Orgànica ha experimentat un gran avanç en les últimes dècades, des que en els anys 70 es descobrissin els polímers conductors. Les característiques úniques dels semiconductors orgànics, han permès el desenvolupament de dispositius electrònics flexibles i amb múltiple funcionalitat, mitjançant tècniques de fabricació a temperatura ambient i baix cost. Un dels camps en què aquests dispositius orgànics han despertat més interès és el de la seva aplicació com a sensors. En particular, els sensors basats en els denominats Transistors Orgànics de pel·lícula prima (OTFT s) han experimentat un gran desenvolupament a causa dels seus múltiples avantatges, com simplicitat, elevada sensibilitat, i possibilitat de miniaturització. Hi ha dos tipus principals de OTFT s: Transistor Orgànics d'Efecte de Camp (OFET) i Transistor Electroquímic Orgànic (OECT). Els OECT's consten de tres elèctrodes (sortidor, drenador i porta), un semiconductor orgànic (OSC), i un electròlit en contacte amb el semiconductor. El funcionament dels sensors basats en OECT's es basa en la modulació del corrent del canal per dopatge o de-dopatge electroquímic des del electròlit, quan s'apliquen tensions de porta. Els OECT's resulten especialment adequats com a sensors químics per la seva capacitat d'operar en mitjans aquosos. En aquest treball, s'han desenvolupat OECT's basats en el OSC PEDOT: PSS mitjançant tecnologia Screen-printing. Els transistors s'han dissenyat variant la seua geometria, paràmetre del qual depèn la sensibilitat del sensor. Mitjançant la caracterització elèctrica dels OECT's, s'ha pogut determinar la geometria òptima en funció de l'analit a detectar. Finalment, s'ha comprovat experimentalment la validesa d'aquests OECT's com a sensors de cations de diferents mides i d'àcid ascòrbic, obtenint-se resultats molt satisfactoris. Els OFET's, s'han preparat dipositant el OSC sobre el dielèctric per obtenir el canal i la corrent es modula amb la tensió aplicada a l'elèc, [EN] ABSTRACT Organic Electronics has been extensively developed along these past decades, since the discovery of conducting polymers in the 1970s. The unique features that these organic semiconductors can offer have allowed the development of many electronic devices with mechanical flexibility and multiple functionalities, using low-temperature and low-cost fabrication technologies. These organic devices have attracted considerable interest for their use in many fields, especially for sensing applications. In particular, Organic Thin-Film Transistors (OTFTs) have paved the way towards the fabrication of efficient sensors due to their many advantages, such as simplicity, high sensitivity, and facile miniaturization. OTFTs can be classified into two types of transistors: Organic Field Effect Transistors (OFET) and Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECT). The essential components of an OECT are an organic semiconductor film, three electrodes (source, drain and gate), and an electrolyte bridging the semiconductor and the gate electrode. The operation of an OECT-based sensor lies on the modulation of the channel current by electrochemical doping or de-doping from the electrolyte, when gate voltages are applied. OECTs have attracted considerable interest for their application as chemical sensors due to their ability to operate in aqueous environments. In this work, PEDOT: PSS-based OECTs have been prepared by Screen-printing. The effect of the geometry on the sensor sensitivity has been investigated by comparing OECTs with different channel and gate areas ratio. The electrical characteristics of the OECTs have been used to determine the geometry that optimizes their performance for sensing different analytes. Finally, the use of these OECTs for the detection of cations and ascorbic acid has been experimentally assessed, with satisfactory and promising results. The OFET's have been prepared by depositing the organic semiconductor on the dielectric and thus obtain the c

open, The synthesis and characterization of organic semiconductors (OS) has been a focal research field in the last two decades. Their potential application to large-area and flexible electronic devices, such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs), has sparked intensive research in this field. Organic printed electronics (OPE) is based on the combination of new materials and cost-effective, large area production processes that open up new fields of application. Thinness, light weight, flexibility and potential environmental sustainability are key potential advantages of organic electronics. In fact, several high-tech companies have significantly invested in cheap and high-performance organic-electronic devices, a billion-dollar market that is expected to grow rapidly. Based on the recent progress in materials and process technology and the expected future technology development, the experts were able to identified that key challenges called “Red Brick Walls”, for which major breakthroughs are needed. Academic research has done big effort to increase devices performances, indeed for example if we look charge career mobility for OFET or power efficiency conversion for OPV reported in literature by years we can see that have been increase of different order of magnitude during the last decades but often overlooked the other features required for the OPE industrial development. Indeed among the key challenge identified cost and scalability are present. These challenges are directly linked with the preparation and processing technique of the materials, in particular of the organic semiconductor materials. Here are presented two main approaches in order to development of sustainable materials for organic electronics applied to different OS classes (Diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs), Isoindigoes (IGs), Benzothiadiazoles (BTs) and Benzothienobenzothiophenes (BTBTs)): the use of the direct arylation reaction, La sintesi e la caratterizzazione di semiconduttori organici (OS) è stata un ambito di ricerca molto sviluppato negli ultimi due decenni. La loro potenziale applicazione per dispositivi come transistor a effetto di campo organici (OFET), diodi organici a emissione di luce (OLED) e celle fotovoltaiche organiche (OPV), ha scatenato un'intensa attività di ricerca in questo campo. Sulla base dei recenti progressi nella tecnologia dei materiali e dei processi e del previsto sviluppo tecnologico futuro, gli esperti sono stati in grado di identificare le sfide chiave di questa tecnologia, per le quali sono necessari importanti sviluppi. La ricerca accademica ha compiuto grandi sforzi per aumentare le prestazioni dei dispositivi, ad esempio se guardiamo l’andamento negli anni della mobilità dei portatori di carica per gli OFET riportata in letteratura possiamo vedere che è aumentata di diversi ordini di grandezza negli ultimi decenni ma spesso sono state trascurate le altre caratteristiche richieste per lo sviluppo industriale di queste tecnologie. Tra le sfide chiave identificate, sono presenti costi e scalabilità. Queste sfide sono direttamente collegate alla tecnica di preparazione e lavorazione dei materiali, in particolare del materiale semiconduttore. In questo lavoro vengono presentati due approcci principali per lo sviluppo di materiali sostenibili per l'elettronica organica, applicati a diverse classi di semiconduttori organici (dichetopirrolopirroli (DPPs), isoindaci (IGs), benzotiadiazoli (BTs) e benzotienobenzotiofeni (BTBTs). Il primo approccio si basa sull’uso della reazione di arilazione diretta piuttosto che le reazioni di accoppiamento più classiche come le reazioni di Suzuki-Miyaura, Kumada e Stille. Il secondo approccio presentato è lo sviluppo di condizioni micellari per la sintesi di semiconduttori organici. Lo studio della reazione di arilazione diretta ha subito un rapido sviluppo negli ultimi anni e sta diventando un'alternativa sempre più valida all, No, open, Sanzone, A

La sintesi e la caratterizzazione di semiconduttori organici (OS) è stata un ambito di ricerca molto sviluppato negli ultimi due decenni. La loro potenziale applicazione per dispositivi come transistor a effetto di campo organici (OFET), diodi organici a emissione di luce (OLED) e celle fotovoltaiche organiche (OPV), ha scatenato un'intensa attività di ricerca in questo campo. Sulla base dei recenti progressi nella tecnologia dei materiali e dei processi e del previsto sviluppo tecnologico futuro, gli esperti sono stati in grado di identificare le sfide chiave di questa tecnologia, per le quali sono necessari importanti sviluppi. La ricerca accademica ha compiuto grandi sforzi per aumentare le prestazioni dei dispositivi, ad esempio se guardiamo l’andamento negli anni della mobilità dei portatori di carica per gli OFET riportata in letteratura possiamo vedere che è aumentata di diversi ordini di grandezza negli ultimi decenni ma spesso sono state trascurate le altre caratteristiche richieste per lo sviluppo industriale di queste tecnologie. Tra le sfide chiave identificate, sono presenti costi e scalabilità. Queste sfide sono direttamente collegate alla tecnica di preparazione e lavorazione dei materiali, in particolare del materiale semiconduttore. In questo lavoro vengono presentati due approcci principali per lo sviluppo di materiali sostenibili per l'elettronica organica, applicati a diverse classi di semiconduttori organici (dichetopirrolopirroli (DPPs), isoindaci (IGs), benzotiadiazoli (BTs) e benzotienobenzotiofeni (BTBTs). Il primo approccio si basa sull’uso della reazione di arilazione diretta piuttosto che le reazioni di accoppiamento più classiche come le reazioni di Suzuki-Miyaura, Kumada e Stille. Il secondo approccio presentato è lo sviluppo di condizioni micellari per la sintesi di semiconduttori organici. Lo studio della reazione di arilazione diretta ha subito un rapido sviluppo negli ultimi anni e sta diventando un'alternativa sempre più va, The synthesis and characterization of organic semiconductors (OS) has been a focal research field in the last two decades. Their potential application to large-area and flexible electronic devices, such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs), has sparked intensive research in this field. Organic printed electronics (OPE) is based on the combination of new materials and cost-effective, large area production processes that open up new fields of application. Thinness, light weight, flexibility and potential environmental sustainability are key potential advantages of organic electronics. In fact, several high-tech companies have significantly invested in cheap and high-performance organic-electronic devices, a billion-dollar market that is expected to grow rapidly. Based on the recent progress in materials and process technology and the expected future technology development, the experts were able to identified that key challenges called “Red Brick Walls”, for which major breakthroughs are needed. Academic research has done big effort to increase devices performances, indeed for example if we look charge career mobility for OFET or power efficiency conversion for OPV reported in literature by years we can see that have been increase of different order of magnitude during the last decades but often overlooked the other features required for the OPE industrial development. Indeed among the key challenge identified cost and scalability are present. These challenges are directly linked with the preparation and processing technique of the materials, in particular of the organic semiconductor materials. Here are presented two main approaches in order to development of sustainable materials for organic electronics applied to different OS classes (Diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs), Isoindigoes (IGs), Benzothiadiazoles (BTs) and Benzothienobenzothiophenes (BTBTs)): the use of the direct arylation reaction

This document is the unedited Author’s version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see DOI:10.1021/acsami.8b02851., Solution-processed n-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are essential elements for developing large-area, low-cost, and all organic logic/complementary circuits. Nonetheless, the development of air-stable n-type organic semiconductors (OSCs) lags behind their p-type counterparts. The trapping of electrons at the semiconductor–dielectric interface leads to a lower performance and operational stability. Herein, we report printed small-molecule n-type OFETs based on a blend with a binder polymer, which enhances the device stability due to the improvement of the semiconductor–dielectric interface quality and a self-encapsulation. Both combined effects prevent the fast deterioration of the OSC. Additionally, a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-like inverter is fabricated depositing p-type and n-type OSCs simultaneously., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Solution-processed n-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are essential elements for developing large-area, low-cost, and all organic logic/complementary circuits. Nonetheless, the development of air-stable n-type organic semiconductors (OSC) lags behind their p-type counterparts. The trapping of electrons at the semiconductor–dielectric interface leads to a lower performance and operational stability. Herein we report printed small molecule n-type OFETs based on a blend with a binder polymer, which enhances the device stability due to the improvement of the semiconductor–dielectric interface quality and a self-encapsulation. Both combined effects prevent the fast oxidation of the OSC. Additionally, a CMOS-like inverter is fabricated depositing a p-type and n-type OSCs simultaneously.

L’organique électronique, qui repose sur l’utilisation de molécules et macromolécules fi-conjuguées comme semi-conducteurs dans divers dispositifs électroniques, connaît un essor considérable depuis une vingtaine d’années. L’utilisation de molécules organiques octroie de nombreux avantages vis-à-vis du silicium actuellement largement utilisé comme semi-conducteur. Citons par exemple la facilité de mise en oeuvre et la flexibilité méca- nique. La synthèse de nouvelles structures moléculaires est un axe important pour la mise au point de semi-conducteurs organiques plus performants mais aussi pour fournir les systèmes physiques nécessaires à la compréhension des processus physico-chimiques inhérents au transport de charges. Le paramètre primordial pour déterminer la qualité des semi-conducteurs est la mobilité des charges (μ), soit l’efficacité avec laquelle les charges se déplacent au sein des matériaux pi-conjugués. Il n’est pas impossible, qu’un jour, les performances des semi-conducteurs organiques dépassent celles du silicium en raison de la grande diversité de structures moléculaires accessibles via la synthèse organique. Le contrôle de la dimensionnalité de la structure électronique dans les solides organiques moléculaires est crucial pour le développement des dispositifs électroniques organiques à hautes performances. La dimensionnalité correspond au nombre de dimensions de l’espace (1D, 2D, 3D) dans lesquelles les charges peuvent se déplacer, plus celle-ci sera faible, plus le transport de charges sera sensible aux défauts. Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes basés sur l’étude menée par Schweicher et al. sur le 2,7-di-tert-butyl[1]benzothiéno[3,2- b]benzothiophène, présentant une dimensionnalité des propriétés du transport de charges proche de deux. Ce travail repose sur la synthèse et la caractérisation de semi-conducteurs moléculaires sur base du [1]benzothiéno[3,2-b]benzothiophène (BTBT) dans le but d’augmenter la dimensionnalité du transport de charges. Po, Doctorat en Sciences, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Bakalárska práca je zameraná na rešerš využitia tlačových techník pre prípravu organických polom riadených tranzistorov (OFET). V teoretickej časti je opísaný princíp funkcie OFET, ďalej tlačové techniky, ich výhody a nevýhody, formulácie a vlastnosti funkčných vrstiev pre prípravu OFET. V praktickej časti je pomocou poloautomatického sieťotlačového stroja pripravený a vyhodnotený tranzistor., This bachelor's thesis aim is to explore use of printing techniques in organic field- -effect transistor (OFET) manufacturing. In the theoretical part, the principle of an OFET function, printing techniques, and formulations were described. In the practical part, an OFET transistor was printed using semi-automatic screen printing machine and characterized., Fakulta chemicko-technologická, prof.Ing. Petr Němec, Ph.D. - Co je špatně na uvedených obrázcích v práci? Jak byly velké nanočástice stříbra? Můžete napsat vzorec látky použité v práci?prof. Ing. Michal Veselý, CSc. - Co znamená zkratka TIPS?doc.Ing. Jan Panák, CSc. - Jak jste měřil tloušťku vrstev?

Three low band gap thienopyridazine-based donor-acceptor conjugated polymers, PDTTPTT, PDTTPBT, and PDTTPBDT were synthesized by the Stille copolymerization of thienopyridazine with thienothiophene, benzodithiophene, and bithiophene, respectively. The optical band gaps of PDTTPTT, PDTTPBT, and PDTTPBDT polymers were determined as 1.41 eV, 1.43 eV, and 1.58 eV, respectively by UV absorption. The deep HOMO level of the three polymers was determined by cyclic voltammetry. The three polymers were fabricated to form organic field-effect transistors and their performance as p-type semiconductors were studied. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

4403, open, In the wake of the Renaissance of organic materials for applications in electronics and approaching the horizon of a marketable solution-processed organic-based electronic product, this thesis has focused on the development of molecules and processes for organic electronics. In order to do this, three different technologically relevant areas were analyzed and worked on: the synthesis and photophysical characterization of perylenemonoimides to be used in luminous solar concentrators, the synthesis and processability of photocrosslinking squaraines for organic photovoltaic cells, and the synthesis and characterization of diazo-based chromophores to be employed in self-assembled nanodielectrics for organic field-effect transistors. This work reports both the synthetic details of such endeavours and the fabrication processes developed to fabricate devices with reproducible characteristics., No, open, Turrisi, Turrisi, R

In dieser Arbeit wurden die elektrischen und optischen Eigenschaften von per PVD abgeschieden Dünnschichten aus perfluoriertem Phthalocyaninatokupfer (F16PcCu) in Ab-hängigkeit von unterschiedlichen als Substrat ausgewählten anorganischen und organischen dielektrischen Oberflächen (Glas, thermisches Si-Waferoxid mit verschiedenen HMDS-Vorbehandlungen sowie verschieden prozessierte PMMA- und Polyimid-Dünn¬schichten) untersucht. F16PcCu-Dünnschichten wurden hierbei aufgrund ihrer Eignung als an Luft stabile organische n-Halbleiter für den Einsatz als aktive Schicht in Feld¬effekt¬transistoren ausgewählt. Um den Einfluss von eventuell vorhandenen Elektronen¬fallen zu untersuchen, wurden vergleichende Messungen für dünne Filme aus teilfluoriertem F8PcCu und unsubstituiertem PcCu durchgeführt, ebenso für die Zinkkomplexe F16PcZn und PcZn. Filme, die in weitgehend isolierten Inseln wuchsen, wie mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie gemessen wurde, zeigten kleine Leitfähigkeiten σ und Feldeffektbeweglichkeiten µ. Zusammenhängend gewachsene Filme zeichneten sich durch höhere σ und µ aus. In optischen Messungen wurden Unterschiede in der schicht¬dicken¬abhängigen relativen Molekül-orientierung auf den verschiedenen Oberflächen festgestellt und eine Anordnung als optimal für hohe σ und µ gefunden. F16PcCu-Dünnschichten zeigten auf allen Oberflächen Leitung ohne anliegende Gatespannung und einen Betrieb der n-Transistoren in Anreicherung oder Verarmung mit einer damit einhergehenden negativen Schwellspannung. σ und µ zeigten auf fast allen Substraten eine ausgeprägte Abhängigkeit von der Schichtdicke mit der Ausbildung eines substratspezifischen Maximums bei Schichtdicken um 5 nm. Auch für F16PcZn konnten auf organischen und anorganischen Oberflächen deutliche Unterschiede in σ und der damit verbundenen Morphologie gefunden werden. Im Ausgangskennlinienfeld zeigten die Strom-Spannungskurven auf Polyimid ein unerwartetes Diodenverhalten in Abhängigkeit vo, In this thesis the electrical and optical properties of perfluorinated copper phthalocyanine (F16PcCu) thin films grown by PVD were scrutinized in dependence of the chosen organic or inorganic dielectric substrates (glass, thermally grown Si-wafer oxide with varying HMDS-pretreatments and different PMMA- and polyimide thin films). F16PcCu thin films were chosen because they can serve as air stable, n-conducting active layers in field effect transistors. In order to examine the influence of electron traps comparative measurements were performed for thin films of partially fluorinated F8PcCu and unsubstituted PcCu as well as the zinc complexes F16PcZn and PcZn. Films grown in largely isolated islands as seen in scanning electron microscopy showed a low conductivity σ and field effect mobility µ. Films of continuous morphology were characterized by higher σ and µ. In optical measurements thickness dependent changes in the relative molecular orientation were found for the different substrates and one orientation was characteristic for high σ and µ. F16PcCu thin films exhibited conduction even without established gate voltage and an operation in accumulation or depletion of an n-channel with a negative threshold voltage on all surfaces. σ and µ exhibited a distinct dependency on the film thickness with the formation of a substrate specific maximum around 5 nm thickness. For F16PcZn on different organic and inorganic surfaces distinct differences in σ and the morphology could be found as well. The output characteristic of F16PcZn on polyimide showed unexpected diode characteristics dependent on the applied gate voltage. Time-dependent measurements in vacuum or under O2 showed only a minor influence of electron traps on the substrate surfaces. Therefore ambipolar charge transport could be found for PcZn on wafer oxide as well as n-conducting characteristics for PcZn and PcCu on organic and inorganic surfaces. Also for F8PcCu n-FETs could be establi

The coming of age of organic circuits requires the development of high-performance and cost-effective processing techniques. In this work, the Organic Vapor Phase Deposition (OVPD) of small-molecular-weight organic molecules is investigated for the production of thin semiconducting films used as the active layer of circuits. Two OVPD systems are designed and assembled: A Static OVPD system that is inspired from a chemical vapor phase deposition tool and an In-line OVPD system that accommodates a linearly moving substrate and that is roll-to-roll compatible. These two tools are optimized for the growth of pentacene and PTCDI-C13, two high-mobility organic semiconductors. With saturation mobilities of up to 1.5 cm²/Vs and reproducible well-behaved characteristics, high-quality p-type transistors based on OVPD-grown pentacene films are demonstrated. High-quality circuits are also produced using these pentacene layers grown on flexible substrates. The demonstration of high-mobility n-type transistors based on OVPD-deposited PTCDI-C13 film paves the way towards the production of complementary circuits. Analytical and numerical transport models are developed in order to understand and characterize the link between processing conditions, material use efficiency, film thickness uniformity and growth speeds. A material use efficiency of up to 65% and a thickness uniformity as low as 1.1% over 4’’ substrates are demonstrated in our systems. Moreover, high production throughput is investigated by maximizing film growth speeds. A deposition rate of 15 Å/s is obtained for PTCDI-C13 in the Static system and a record average deposition rate of 105 Å/s is achieved for pentacene in the In–line system. In addition, we show that, in this system, thin film electrical characteristics are conserved up to the highest growth speeds. Finally, sub-monolayer growth of pentacene is investigated. We show that growth by OVPD follows the same patterns as vacuum growth. However, the presence of th, (FSA 3) -- UCL, 2009

In dieser Arbeit wird die Phasenseparation und Mischung zwischen konjugierten Stäb-chenmolekülen in dünnen Filmen untersucht. Hauptaugenmerk liegt darauf zu ergrün-den welche molekularen Eigenschaften zu Mischung und/ oder Phasenseparation füh-ren. Mit den 5 Molekülen Pentacen (PEN), Quaterthiophen (4T), Sexithiophen (6T), p-Sexiphenylen (6P), alpha,omega-Dihexylsexithiophen (DH6T) werden Materialpaare zusammen gestellt, die sich in den Parametern „optische und elektrische Eigenschaf-ten“, „Länge des konjugierten Kerns“ und Alkylkettensubstitution unterscheiden. Alle Schichten werden mittels organischer Molekularstrahlabscheidung auf die Substrate Siliziumoxid und Mylar, einer PET Folie, simultan von zwei Quellen aufgedampft. Das Mischungsverhältnis wird mittels der individuellen Aufdampfraten eingestellt und eine Gesamtrate von 0.5 nm/min eingehalten. Es wird Phasenseparation für Materialpaare mit ungleicher konjugierter Kernlänge, z.B. [4T/6T], beobachtet. Erstaunlicherweise führt die Co-Verdampfung von Molekülpaaren mit ähnlicher konjugierter Kernlänge [4T/PEN] und [6T/6P] zu wohlgeordneten Fil-men, in denen die Moleküle in gemischten Lagen parallel zur Substratoberfläche auf-wachsen und die Längsachse der Moleküle fast senkrecht zur Substratoberfläche orien-tiert ist. Molekülpaare mit ähnlicher konjugierter Kernlänge und Alkylsubstitution [6T/DH6T] und [6P/DH6T] zeigten ebenfalls geordneten Schichten, wobei als Besonderheit eine lineare Abhängigkeit des Lagenabstandes vom DH6T-Gehalt zu beobachten ist. Dies wird mit einer Phasenseparation in eine aromatische und eine alkyl Domäne erklärt. Mit abnehmendem DH6T-Gehalt im Film ist die Alkyldomäne weniger dicht gepackt, was auf Grund der Flexibilität der Alkylketten zu einer Abnahme des gesamten Lagenab-standes führt. Die besonders geringe Oberflächenrauhigkeit und die miteinander verbundenen Inseln der [DH6T/6T] Filme prädestinieren sie zur Verwendung in Feldeffekttransistoren. Es wird gezeigt, dass es möglich ist, This thesis is centered on studies of phase separation and mixing in co-deposited thin films of rod-like conjugated molecules. The main focus is to determine which molecular properties lead to phase separation and/or mixing of two materials. To address this question I used five materials, of importance in the context of “organic electronics”: pentacene (PEN), quaterthiophene (4T), sexithiophene (6T), p-sexiphenylene (6P), alpha,omega-dihexylsexithiophene (DH6T). With these it was possible to form material pairs which differ in the parameters: energy levels, length of the conjugated core, and alkyl-end-chain-substitution. All films were deposited by organic molecular beam deposition onto the chemically inert substrates silicon oxide and Mylar, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foil. The material pairs were deposited simultaneously from two thermal sublima-tion sources. The mixing ratio was controlled by the individual deposition rates, which were measured online by a microbalance. The total deposition rate was 0.5 nm/min, and the film thicknesses ranged from 4 nm to 40 nm. Phase separation is observed for material pairs with dissimilar conjugated core sizes, i.e. [4T/6T]. Noteworthy, the co-deposition of material pairs with similarly sized conju-gated cores [4T/PEN] and [6T/6P] lead to well ordered layered structures. The mole-cules show mixing within layers on a molecular scale and the long molecular axis is ori-ented almost perpendicular to the substrate surface. Material pairs with similarly sized conjugated core and alkyl-end-chain-substitution [6T/DH6T] and [6P/DH6T] show also growth in mixed layered structures. An especially appealing fact is that the interlayer distance increases proportional to the DH6T content in the film. This can be explained with a phase separation into an aromatic and an alkyl domain vertically to the substrate surface. A decrease of the DH6T content in the film leads to a less dense packing in the alkyl domain. This leads, due to the f

Organic devices offer characteristics potentially useful for electronic applications, such as low-cost, large area coverage, structural and chemical flexibility and bio-compatibility. In the last few years the progress in the fabrication of organic devices has grown enormously, especially in the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), where charge carrier mobilities of the same order as amorphous silicon are currently achieved. This review gives a general description of the OFETs device operation and introduces the reader to the current standing in the area of OFETs focusing on the new solution-processed small conjugated molecules that have been recently reported., Los dispositivos electrónicos orgánicos poseen propiedades muy interesantes como son flexibilidad, bajo peso, sintonizabilidad química, procesabilidad, bajo coste y bio-compatibilidad. En los últimos años ha habido un gran avance en la fabricación de estos dispositivos y más concretamente en la de transistores de efecto de campo (OFETs), con los que actualmente se llegan a alcanzar movilidades de portadores de carga del mismo orden que las del silicio amorfo. Este artículo pretende introducir al lector en el funcionamiento de un OFET y en el estado del arte de este campo centrándonos siempre en el uso de moléculas conjugadas pequeñas y procesables en solución.

In structured or self-organized materials spatial confinement effects lead to structure- and interface-controlled modifications of the bulk transport properties. In part, such modifications can be accounted for by a classical master equation approach for the transport of the different charge carrier species. The rather large quantity of parameters, which enter such an approach, can more or less easily be adjusted to the dimensional characteristics, local potential changes at interfaces, and the electronic settings of the system as well as to temperature effects. On the other hand, a microscopically more detailed and mostly parameter-free picture is obtained from a quantum-mechanical treatment on the basis of the density-functional theory. An extension by a Green's function formalism allows the determination and analysis of electronic transport through contacted nanostructures. Examples will be given to demonstrate the applicability of the different approaches for dissipative and hopping transport through a regular array of nanostructures, for a mechanically triggered metal-insulator transition in nanowires, and for the enhanced conductivity at multiferroic domain walls.

In structured or self-organized materials spatial confinement effects lead to structure- and interface-controlled modifications of the bulk transport properties. In part, such modifications can be accounted for by a classical master equation approach for the transport of the different charge carrier species. The rather large quantity of parameters, which enter such an approach, can more or less easily be adjusted to the dimensional characteristics, local potential changes at interfaces, and the electronic settings of the system as well as to temperature effects. On the other hand, a microscopically more detailed and mostly parameter-free picture is obtained from a quantum-mechanical treatment on the basis of the density-functional theory. An extension by a Green's function formalism allows the determination and analysis of electronic transport through contacted nanostructures. Examples will be given to demonstrate the applicability of the different approaches for dissipative and hopping transport through a regular array of nanostructures, for a mechanically triggered metal-insulator transition in nanowires, and for the enhanced conductivity at multiferroic domain walls.

Organic devices offer characteristics potentially useful for electronic applications, such as low-cost, large area coverage, structural and chemical flexibility and bio-compatibility. In the last few years the progress in the fabrication of organic devices has grown enormously, especially in the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), where charge carrier mobilities of the same order as amorphous silicon are currently achieved. This review gives a general description of the OFETs device operation and introduces the reader to the current standing in the area of OFETs focusing on the new solution-processed small conjugated molecules that have been recently reported., Los dispositivos electrónicos orgánicos poseen propiedades muy interesantes como son flexibilidad, bajo peso, sintonizabilidad química, procesabilidad, bajo coste y bio-compatibilidad. En los últimos años ha habido un gran avance en la fabricación de estos dispositivos y más concretamente en la de transistores de efecto de campo (OFETs), con los que actualmente se llegan a alcanzar movilidades de portadores de carga del mismo orden que las del silicio amorfo. Este artículo pretende introducir al lector en el funcionamiento de un OFET y en el estado del arte de este campo centrándonos siempre en el uso de moléculas conjugadas pequeñas y procesables en solución.

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden die Wechselwirkung von Indium (In) und Magnesium (Mg) als Topelektroden auf zwei Perylen-Derivativen, 3,4,9,10-Perylentetracarbonsäure Dianhydrid (PTCDA) und Dimethyl-3,4,9,10- Perylentetracarbonsäure Diimid (DiMe-PTCDI) untersucht. Die Metal/organische Schichten wurden auf S-passivierten GaAs(100):2x1-Substraten hergestellt und unter Ultrahochvakuum (UHV)-Bedingungens aufgedampft. Als Hauptcharakterisierungsmethode wird die Raman-Spektroskopie eingesetzt, die eine nicht-destruktive Methode ist,und auch in situ Untersuchungen des Wachstumsprozesses ermöglicht. Die experimentell Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass alle aufgedampft Metallen auf die organische Schichten von PTCDA und DiMe-PTCDI eine Verstärkung des aktive Raman Signals von interne Schwingungsmoden fördern, begleitet durch die Aktivierung von normalerweise Infrarotaktivemoden. Diesem Phänomen als Oberflächenverstärkte Raman-Spektroskopie (SERS) genannt ist. Das Mg Wachstum auf beiden Molekularstrukturen wurde durch die viel niedrigere Diffusion des Metalls in die organischen Molekülen im Vergleich zum Indium, es war durch die Bewahrung des von externe molekulare Schwingungsmoden nach das Metallswachstum, und in ersten Mal in einem Ramanexperiment beobachtet. Die PTCDA/Mg Strukturen formen sich durch zwei Stufen des Metallwachstum, die erste gehört zu einer neuen molekularen Struktur für eine Mg Schicht dünner als 2.8 nm, wo das PTCDA Molekühl des Sauerstoff-Atoms von die dianhydride Gruppe verliert. Die zweite gehört zu das SERS Spektrum von die vorherige Struktur. Im Fall von Mg/DiMe-PTCDI Heterostrukturen, den Molekühl wird gut bewahrt, wo die Raman Verschiebung an der diimide Gruppe wird nicht modifiziert. Auch von dieser Struktur eine interessante Eigenschaft wurde durch die Kopplung zwischen diskret Moleküleigenschwingungen am 221 cm^-1, 1291 cm^-1 und 1606 cm^-1 des organischen Materials und den elektronischen Kontinuum-Zuständen des Mg-Metallkontakts. Ihre entsprechenden

The present study describes an approach for the scale-bridging modelling of ferroic materials as functional elements in micro- and nanoelectronic devices. Ferroic materials are characterised by temperature-dependent complex ordering phenomena of the internal magnetic, electronic, and structural degrees of freedom with several involved length and time scales. Hence, the modelling of such compounds is not straighforward, but relies on a combination of electronic-structure-based methods like ab-initio and density-functional schemes with classical particle-based approaches given by Monte-Carlo simulations with Ising, lattice-gas, or Heisenberg Hamiltonians, which incorporate material-specific parameters both from theory and experiment. The interplay of those methods is demonstrated for device concepts based on electroceramic materials like ferroelectrics and multiferroics, whose functionality is closely related with their propensity towards structural and magnetic polymorphism. In the present case, such scale-bridging techniques are employed to aid the development of an organic field effect transistor on a ferroelectric substrate generated by the self-assembly of field-sensitive molecules on the surfaces of ferroic oxides.

A row of parallely ordered and coupled molecular nanoshafts is shown to develop a shuttling transport of charges at finite temperature. The appearance of a current without applying an external bias voltage is reported as well as a natural diode effect allowing unidirectional charge transport along one field direction while blocking the opposite direction. The zero-bias voltage current appears above a threshold of initial thermal and/or dislocation energy.

In dieser Arbeit wird der Ladungstransport in organischen Halbleitern untersucht. Es gelang mit Infrarotspektroskopie quasi-freie Ladungsträger bei Raumtemperatur nachzuweisen und Werte für die effektive Masse sowie die mittlere freie Weglänge der Ladungsträger zu bestimmen. Als Proben dienten plattenförmige Einkristalle aus Tetracen (2,3-Benzanthracen) und Rubren (5,6,11,12-Tetraphenylnaphthacen), die in einem Rohrofen im Wasserstoffstrom gezogen wurden. Auf den Kristallen wurden organische Feldeffekt-Transistoren (OFET) präpariert, mit Drain- und Source-Elektroden aus Leitsilber, dem Gate-Isolator aus Poly-para-Xylylen (PPX) und der Gate-Elektrode aus aufgedampften Gold oder Nickel-Chrom. Aus der Messung raumladungsbegrenzter Ströme (space charge limited currents, SCLC) in der (ab)-Ebene an der Oberfläche der Kristalle wurde in Tetracen ein diskretes Fallenniveau für Löcher mit einer Fallentiefe von etwa 340 meV und einer mittleren Flächen-Fallendichte von 4*10^10 cm^-2 nachgewiesen. Einkristalle aus Rubren zeigen ein Fallenniveau mit der Fallentiefe 380 meV und einer Flächen-Fallendichte um 2*10^9 cm^-2. Die untere Grenze für die Löcherbeweglichkeit bei Raumtemperatur in der (ab)-Ebene aus den Feldeffektmessungen in Zweipunktgeometrie liegt in Tetracen bei 0,8 cm^2/Vs und in Rubren bei 6 cm^2/Vs. Mit Fourier-Transform-Infrarot-Spektroskopie wurden differentielle Transmissionsspektren durch Rubren-OFETs im Frequenzbereich von 100 cm^-1 bis 6000 cm^-1 aufgenommen. Diese Infrarot-Spektren der angesammelten Ladungsträger in einem Rubren-OFET zeigen neben einer Drude-Anregung, zwei breite Maxima (bei 2190 cm^-1 und 2940 cm^-1) sowie viele schmale Maxima von den eines um 475 cm^-1 in der Intensität heraussticht. Die breiten Maxima lassen sich dem Fallenniveau aus den SCLC-Messungen und einem von Mitrofanov et al. (PRL 97, p. 166601, 2006) beschriebenen Niveau zuordnen. Die schmalen Maxima können auf Vibrationsmoden in Molekülen zurückgeführt werden. Das Maximum um 475, This study investigates the charge transport in organic semiconductors. Using infrared spectroscopy quasi free charge carriers at room temperature were detected and values for the effective mass and the mean free path of the charge carriers were determined. Single crystals platelets from tetracene (2,3-benzanthracene) and rubrene (5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene) were investigated, which have been grown in a tube furnace under a stream of hydrogen. On top of the crystals organic field-effect transistors (OFET) have been prepared using conducting silver paint for the drain and source electrodes, poly-para-xylylene (PPX) for the gate insulator and evaporated gold or nickel chrome for the gate electrode. The crystals have been characterized by measurements of space charge limited currents (SCLC) along the (ab)-plane. In the tetracene crystals a discrete trap level for holes with a depth of 340 meV and a density of on average 4*10^10 cm^-2 has been detected. The rubene single crystals show a trap level at 380 meV with a density of 2*10^9 cm^-2. The lower limit for the hole mobility in the (ab)-plane at room temperature from field-effect measurements in tetracene is at 0.8 cm^2 /Vs and in rubrene at 6 cm^2/Vs. Differential transmission spectra of rubrene OFETs between 100 cm^-1 and 6000 cm^-1 have been acquired by the means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The infrared spectra of the accumulated charge in a rubrene OFET exhibit a Drude response, two broad maxima (at 2190 cm^-1 and 2940 cm^-1) and several narrow peaks, of which one around 475 cm^-1 exceeds the others in height. The broad maxima can be assigned to the trap level found in the SCLC measurements and a trap level described by Mitrofanov et al. (PRL 97, p. 166601, 2006). The narrow peaks can be attributed to vibrational modes in the molecules. The peak around 475 cm^-1 is possibly caused by the excitation out of a polaronic state. The frequency dependent conductivity of the Drude model can be fitted

The present study describes an approach for the scale-bridging modeling of ferroic materials as functional elements in micro- and nanoelectronic devices. Ferroic materials are characterized by temperature-dependent complex ordering phenomena of the internal magnetic, electronic, and structural degrees of freedom with several involved length and time scales. Hence, the modelling of such compounds is not straightforward, but relies on a combination of electronic-structure-based methods like ab-initio and density-functional schemes with classical particle-based approaches given by Monte-Carlo simulations with Ising, lattice-gas, or Heisenberg Hamiltonians, which incorporate material-specific parameters both from theory and experiment. The interplay of those methods is demonstrated for device concepts based on electroceramic materials like ferroelectrics and multiferroics, whose functionality is closely related with their propensity towards structural and magnetic polymorphism. In the present case, such scale-bridging techniques are employed to aid the development of an organic field effect transistor on a ferroelectric substrate generated by the self-assembly of field-sensitive molecules on the surfaces of ferroic oxides. Electronic-structure-based methods yield the microscopic properties of the oxide, the surface, the molecules, and the respective interactions. They are combined with classical particle-based methods on a scale-hopping basis. This combination allows to study the morphology evolution during the self-assembly of larger adsorbate arrays on the (defective) oxide surface and to investigate the interplay of low-temperature magnetic ordering phenomena with the ferroelectric functionality at higher temperatures in multiferroic oxides like the hexagonal manganites. The combination of density-functional data with classical continuum modelling also yielded a model Hamiltonian for the quick determination of the properties of a gate structure based on bio-functiona

This thesis deals with the synthesis of electroactiveorganic compounds. The synthesis of ethylenedioxy-benzodioxinstri-dioxin and tetra-dioxin are described. These molecules wereprepared with the aim of creating donor molecules for cationicradical salts. The symmetric analogs of tri-dioxin,methylenedioxy-derivative and ethylenedioxy-naphthalene werealso synthesized. Three different cation radical salts with 2:1stoichiometries were obtained from tri-dioxin, whiletetra-dioxin merely provided polycrystalline materials.Tri-dioxin and tetra-dioxin were also successful as operationalmatrixes in PALDI-TOF. Tetrathiafulvalenes with the2-dialkyl-amino-1,3-dithiolium-4-thiolate mesoion asbuilding-block was also synthesized. A series of doublyalkylthiol-substituted TTFs were prepared with the aim offorming self-assembly monolayers on gold surfaces in theapplication of organic thin film field-effect transistors.Film-formation for two TTFs were studied and they providedrelatively dense packed monolayers with a discrete distance ofthe TTF moiety from the gold surface. The mesoionic compound was also for the first time used inanumpolungreaction. The electrophile obtained in situ bytreatment of mesoion with sulfuryl chloride was reacted with avariety of electron-rich aromatic compounds. From the receivedproducts three new arylthio-substituted TTFs weresynthesized. Keywords:Synthesis, Benzodioxin, Tetrathiafulvalene,Mesoion, Organic Conductor, Cation Radical Salt, CyclicVoltammetry, Electrocrystallization, Self-Assembly Monolayer,SAM, Organic Field-Effect Transistor, OFET, NR 20140805

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá organickými materiály a součástkami z těchto materiálů zkonstruovaných. Popsány jsou také principy funkcí, struktura výsledné součástky a problematika s výrobou spojená. Dále jsou probrané výhody a nevýhody těchto součástek. Stručně jsou popsané jevy, které se v organických materiálech vyskytují. Velká pozornost v této práci je věnována organickým světlo emitujícím diodám. V experimentální části byly měřeny elektrické vlastnosti PLED struktur vystavené odlišným zdrojům osvětlení. Byl zkoumán vliv osvětlení na přenos nosičů náboje., This bachelor thesis deals with organic materials and parts made of this materials. Described are also principels of their functions, structure of whore part and issues linked with production. Next are refered advanteges and disadvantages of those parts. Described are also events which occures during using organic parts. Attention is given to light emitting diods. In experimental part is measured electrical attriburtes of PLED structures, exposed to different sources of illumination. Influence of illumination to transfer of electrical charge is examined too

Předložená bakalářská práce se v úvodní části zabývá obecnými vlastnostmi organických polovodičů, jejich strukturou a vlastnostmi vybraných představitelů. Prostřední část je věnována některým způsobům nanášení organických polovodičů a organickým součástkám. Závěrečná praktická část se zabývá výrobou polyanilinových vzorků a jejich analýzou., Introduction part of this bachelor's thesis deals about general properties of organic semiconductors, their structure and features of selected representatives. The middle section deals with some methods of application of organic semiconductors and organic devices. The final section deals about practical production of polyaniline samples and their analysis.

Tato práce je zaměřena na studium vlastností organických polovodivých materiálů se zaměřením na jejich vodivost a pohyblivost nosičů náboje. Hlavním cílem této práce je objasnit vztah mezi chemickou strukturou organických polovodičů a jejich vlastnostmi. Teoretická část práce je zaměřena na základy organických polovodičů, transport náboje a přehled vlastností organických polovodivých materiálů, které vedly k jejich aplikaci v polních a elektrochemických tranzistorech. Experimentální část představuje přehled použitých materiálů, způsoby jejich přípravy a charakterizační metody. V rámci výsledkové části bylo vyvinuto nebo optimalizováno několik metod pro přípravu tenkých vrstev a následně byl studován jejich vliv na výkon organických polem řízených tranzistorů. Byly charakterizovány a diskutovány relevantní vlastnosti nových organických polovodivých materiálů se zaměřením na pohyblivost nosičů náboje. Byla charakterizována a diskutována biokompatibilita několika organických polovodičů. Elektrické vlastnosti, stabilita a biokompatibilita elektroaktivních polymerních inkoustů na bázi PEDOT:PSS byla charakterizována a diskutována s ohledem na jejich možné použití v bioelektronice. Nakonec byl zkonstruován organický bioelektronický senzor pro detekci fyziologické odpovědi kardiomyocytů na základě studovaných materiálů., This work is aimed to the study of the properties of organic semiconducting materials with a focus on their conductivity and mobility of charge carriers. The main goal of this thesis is to elucidate the relationship between the chemical structure of organic semiconductors and their properties. The theoretical part of this work is focused on the basics of organic semiconductors, charge transport and a review of the properties of organic semiconducting materials which have led to their application in field-effect and electrochemical transistors. The experimental part presents the overview of the materials used, the methods for their preparation and characterization methods. Within the result part, several methods for thin-film preparation were developed or optimize and subsequently their effect on the performance of organic field-effect transistors were studied. The relevant properties of novel organic semiconducting materials were characterized and discussed with focus on the charge carrier mobility. The biocompatibility of several organic semiconductors were characterized and discussed. Electrical properties, stability and biocompatibility of electroactive polymer inks based on PEDOT:PSS was characterized and discussed with respect to their possible application in bioelectronics. Finally, the organic bioelectronic sensor for detection of the physiological response of cardiomyocytes based on studied materials were constructed.

Diplomová práce pojednává o syntéze a charakterizaci pokročilých molekul s implementovaným adamantanovým skeletem s perespektivním uplatněním v atraktivní oblasti organické elektroniky. Provedena byla příprava čtyř finálních molekul, z toho tří nových, dosud nepopsaných, na bázi para-bis(2-thienyl)fenylenu, u kterých byly porovnány různé syntetické přístupy s ohledem na výtěžky, ekologickou i finanční stránku. Také bylo studováno využití mikrovlnné syntézy pro provedení cross-kaplingových reakcí při přípravě finálních molekul na bázi para-bis(2-thienyl)fenylenu. U všech molekul bylo využito ethyladamantylových nebo methyladamantylových postranních řetězců. Rovnež byly připraveny dvě zcela nové molekuly na bázi 2,2':5',2''-terthiofenu, opět s využitím ethyladamantylových nebo methyladamantylových postranních řetězců. Připraveny byly také nové významné dimerní adamantanové struktury, u kterých se předpokládá aplikovatelnost v oblasti chemie polymerů v podobě propojovacích mostů. Dále byla provedena série experimentů pro přípravu modifikovaných tetrasubstituovaných adamatanů a také optimalizace syntetické cesty pro přípravu spiroadamantanových derivátů., This diploma thesis describes synthetic approach and characterization of advanced molecules with implemented adamantane skeleton and perspective use in attractive field of organic electronics. Three of four prepared molecules based on para-bis(2-thienyl)phenylene are original and totally new, and there were performed different synthetic approaches with comparison of yield, ecological and financial impact. Study of microwave synthetic approach was provided for cross-coupling reactions on para-bis(2-thienyl)phenylene skeleton. For all molecules were used ethyladamantyl and methyladamantyl substituents. Also, two completely new molecules based on 2,2':5',2''-terthiophene with ethyladamantyl and methyladamantyl substituents were prepared. In the next part were prepared new dimer structures of adamantane with possible application on field of polymers as bridge molecules. In the thesis were also made series of experiments for preparation of tetrasubstituted adamantane molecules, and for optimisation of preparation of spiroadamantane systems.

Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na návrh a realizaci automatizovaného systému pro charakterizaci organických FET struktur na bázi derivátů DPP a následně optimalizaci podmínek charakterizačního procesu. V rámci řešení této práce byl v prostředí LabVIEW vytvořen program „MeasFET“, který řídí hardwarové prvky systému sestaveného v loňském roce. Dále byly provedeny prvotní testy pro optimalizaci procesu měření pohyblivosti nosičů náboje v derivátech DPP., My master thesis is focused on design and realization fully automated system which will be used for the characterization of the organic FET structure, based on DPP derivatives with follow optimization of the characterization process. Program „MeasFET“ has been created at the LabVIEW surroundings that drives hardware gadgets was build-up during last year. Furthermore, initial tests were taken for optimalization process of charge carrier mobility measurements in derivatives DPP.

Tato diplomová práce je zaměřena na návrh a realizaci automatizovaného systému pro charakterizaci organických FET struktur na bázi derivátů DPP a následně optimalizaci podmínek charakterizačního procesu. V rámci řešení této práce byl v prostředí LabVIEW vytvořen program „MeasFET“, který řídí hardwarové prvky systému sestaveného v loňském roce. Dále byly provedeny prvotní testy pro optimalizaci procesu měření pohyblivosti nosičů náboje v derivátech DPP., My master thesis is focused on design and realization fully automated system which will be used for the characterization of the organic FET structure, based on DPP derivatives with follow optimization of the characterization process. Program „MeasFET“ has been created at the LabVIEW surroundings that drives hardware gadgets was build-up during last year. Furthermore, initial tests were taken for optimalization process of charge carrier mobility measurements in derivatives DPP.

Diplomová práce pojednává o syntéze a charakterizaci pokročilých molekul s implementovaným adamantanovým skeletem s perespektivním uplatněním v atraktivní oblasti organické elektroniky. Provedena byla příprava čtyř finálních molekul, z toho tří nových, dosud nepopsaných, na bázi para-bis(2-thienyl)fenylenu, u kterých byly porovnány různé syntetické přístupy s ohledem na výtěžky, ekologickou i finanční stránku. Také bylo studováno využití mikrovlnné syntézy pro provedení cross-kaplingových reakcí při přípravě finálních molekul na bázi para-bis(2-thienyl)fenylenu. U všech molekul bylo využito ethyladamantylových nebo methyladamantylových postranních řetězců. Rovnež byly připraveny dvě zcela nové molekuly na bázi 2,2':5',2''-terthiofenu, opět s využitím ethyladamantylových nebo methyladamantylových postranních řetězců. Připraveny byly také nové významné dimerní adamantanové struktury, u kterých se předpokládá aplikovatelnost v oblasti chemie polymerů v podobě propojovacích mostů. Dále byla provedena série experimentů pro přípravu modifikovaných tetrasubstituovaných adamatanů a také optimalizace syntetické cesty pro přípravu spiroadamantanových derivátů., This diploma thesis describes synthetic approach and characterization of advanced molecules with implemented adamantane skeleton and perspective use in attractive field of organic electronics. Three of four prepared molecules based on para-bis(2-thienyl)phenylene are original and totally new, and there were performed different synthetic approaches with comparison of yield, ecological and financial impact. Study of microwave synthetic approach was provided for cross-coupling reactions on para-bis(2-thienyl)phenylene skeleton. For all molecules were used ethyladamantyl and methyladamantyl substituents. Also, two completely new molecules based on 2,2':5',2''-terthiophene with ethyladamantyl and methyladamantyl substituents were prepared. In the next part were prepared new dimer structures of adamantane with possible application on field of polymers as bridge molecules. In the thesis were also made series of experiments for preparation of tetrasubstituted adamantane molecules, and for optimisation of preparation of spiroadamantane systems.

Tato práce je zaměřena na studium vlastností organických polovodivých materiálů se zaměřením na jejich vodivost a pohyblivost nosičů náboje. Hlavním cílem této práce je objasnit vztah mezi chemickou strukturou organických polovodičů a jejich vlastnostmi. Teoretická část práce je zaměřena na základy organických polovodičů, transport náboje a přehled vlastností organických polovodivých materiálů, které vedly k jejich aplikaci v polních a elektrochemických tranzistorech. Experimentální část představuje přehled použitých materiálů, způsoby jejich přípravy a charakterizační metody. V rámci výsledkové části bylo vyvinuto nebo optimalizováno několik metod pro přípravu tenkých vrstev a následně byl studován jejich vliv na výkon organických polem řízených tranzistorů. Byly charakterizovány a diskutovány relevantní vlastnosti nových organických polovodivých materiálů se zaměřením na pohyblivost nosičů náboje. Byla charakterizována a diskutována biokompatibilita několika organických polovodičů. Elektrické vlastnosti, stabilita a biokompatibilita elektroaktivních polymerních inkoustů na bázi PEDOT:PSS byla charakterizována a diskutována s ohledem na jejich možné použití v bioelektronice. Nakonec byl zkonstruován organický bioelektronický senzor pro detekci fyziologické odpovědi kardiomyocytů na základě studovaných materiálů., This work is aimed to the study of the properties of organic semiconducting materials with a focus on their conductivity and mobility of charge carriers. The main goal of this thesis is to elucidate the relationship between the chemical structure of organic semiconductors and their properties. The theoretical part of this work is focused on the basics of organic semiconductors, charge transport and a review of the properties of organic semiconducting materials which have led to their application in field-effect and electrochemical transistors. The experimental part presents the overview of the materials used, the methods for their preparation and characterization methods. Within the result part, several methods for thin-film preparation were developed or optimize and subsequently their effect on the performance of organic field-effect transistors were studied. The relevant properties of novel organic semiconducting materials were characterized and discussed with focus on the charge carrier mobility. The biocompatibility of several organic semiconductors were characterized and discussed. Electrical properties, stability and biocompatibility of electroactive polymer inks based on PEDOT:PSS was characterized and discussed with respect to their possible application in bioelectronics. Finally, the organic bioelectronic sensor for detection of the physiological response of cardiomyocytes based on studied materials were constructed.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá organickými materiály a součástkami z těchto materiálů zkonstruovaných. Popsány jsou také principy funkcí, struktura výsledné součástky a problematika s výrobou spojená. Dále jsou probrané výhody a nevýhody těchto součástek. Stručně jsou popsané jevy, které se v organických materiálech vyskytují. Velká pozornost v této práci je věnována organickým světlo emitujícím diodám. V experimentální části byly měřeny elektrické vlastnosti PLED struktur vystavené odlišným zdrojům osvětlení. Byl zkoumán vliv osvětlení na přenos nosičů náboje., This bachelor thesis deals with organic materials and parts made of this materials. Described are also principels of their functions, structure of whore part and issues linked with production. Next are refered advanteges and disadvantages of those parts. Described are also events which occures during using organic parts. Attention is given to light emitting diods. In experimental part is measured electrical attriburtes of PLED structures, exposed to different sources of illumination. Influence of illumination to transfer of electrical charge is examined too

Diplomová práce je zaměřena na studium optoelektrických vlastností tenkých vrstev organických materiálů na bázi ftalocyaninů, které mohou být využity jako aktivní vrstva fotovoltaických článků. Především jsou zde studovány vlastnosti tenkých aktivních vrstev PdPc a PdPc + IL na skleněných nebo keramických substrátech s hliníkovým kontaktem, které jsou připravovány materiálovým tiskem. Na připravených vzorcích byly nejprve změřeny volt-ampérové charakteristiky za tmy a světla a poté byla měřena impedanční spektra za tmy. Získané výsledky budou využity ke zlepšení vlastností a struktury fotovoltaických článků., Diploma thesis is focused on the study of optoelectric properties of thin layers of organic materials based on phthalocyanines, which can be used as an active layer of photovoltaic cells. Especially are studied the properties of the thin active layers of PdPc and PdPc + IL on the glass or ceramic substrates with aluminium contact, which are prepared by material printing here. On the prepared samples were first measured current-voltage characteristics in the dark and in the light and then were measured impedance spectrums in the dark. The received results will be used to improve the properties and structures of photovoltaic cells.