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El municipio de Rabanales de Aliste, localizado al noroeste de la provincia de Zamora, acoge un buen número de inscripciones, principalmente estelas funerarias, que han sido objeto de estudio desde comienzos del siglo XX por diferentes investigadores. Aunque muchas de ellas han sido reutilizadas con posterioridad en paredes de casas o en la iglesia del municipio, las recientes excavaciones arqueológicas apuntan a su posible vinculación con el yacimiento de El Castrico, ocupado durante la segunda mitad del siglo I d. C. y la primera del II d. C. En este trabajo se analiza una estela funeraria inédita descubierta en 2021 empotrada en el interior de la iglesia de El Salvador, concretamente en el acceso a la base del campanario desde la nave central, que servía como sillar del dintel del vano de la puerta. Gracias al uso de técnicas novedosas como la fotogrametría digital y aplicación de análisis con SIG se ha podido leer correctamente la inscripción y descartar de la lectura algunas marcas, provocadas por las sucesivas alteraciones del bloque tras su reutilización. De esta manera, podemos minimizar el riesgo de interpretar erróneamente caracteres inexistentes en la pieza. A pesar de tratarse de una inscripción sencilla de tipo funerario, su análisis ha permitido dar a conocer la primera atestiguación del antropónimo Caraucus en el Imperio, de clara tradición celta, así como una posible relación de parentesco del tipo abuelo-padre-hijo, pudiendo completar la ascendencia familiar de otro personaje mencionado en el corpus epigráfico de Rabanales: Potitus, hijo de Alionus y nieto de Caraucus., The municipality of Rabanales de Aliste, located in the northwest of the province of Zamora, is home to a large number of inscriptions, mainly funerary stelae, which have been the focus of study since the beginning of the 20th century by various researchers. Although all of them have subsequently been reused in the wall structures of houses or in the local church, recent archaeological excavations point to their possible link with the site of El Castrico, occupied during the second half of the 1st century AD and the first half of the 2nd century AD. This paper analyses an unpublished funerary stele discovered in 2021 embedded in the interior of the church of El Salvador, specifically in the access to the base of the bell tower from the central nave, which served as an ashlar for the lintel of the doorway. Thanks to the use of innovative techniques such as digital photogrammetry and the application of GIS analysis, it has been possible to read the inscription correctly and to discard some marks caused by successive alterations to the block after its reuse. In this way, we can minimise the risk of misinterpreting non-existent characters on the part. Despite being a simple funerary inscription, its analysis has revealed the first evidence of the anthroponym Caraucus in the Roman Empire, of clear Celtic tradition, as well as a possible grandfather-father-son relationship, thus completing the family ancestry of another character mentioned in the epigraphic corpus of Rabanales: Potitus, son of Alionus and grandson of Caraucus.

Differentiating between the origin of the initiative and the financing of building projects allows us to analyze with greater precision the financing formulas, the executive phases and the administrative mechanisms associated with any Roman construction act. However, it is often difficult to precisely define the specific participation of all the agents involved in the process. We present a methodological proposal, based on the study of 49 indicators extracted from the analysis of 231 building inscriptions from the 1st century BC to the 3rd century AD from Hispania and North African provinces. This will allow us to trace the origin of both concepts in each building project and to define with greater precision the tasks carried out by the actors referenced in the tituli. We classify each indicator according to whether it belongs to the imperial, municipal or private spheres and evaluate its reliability on the basis of specific examples., Diferenciar entre el origen de la iniciativa y el de la financiación de los proyectos edilicios nos permite analizar con mayor precisión las fórmulas de financiación, las fases ejecutivas y los mecanismos administrativos asociados a cualquier acto constructivo de una obra pública romana. Sin embargo, a menudo es complejo definir de manera precisa la participación concreta de todos los agentes involucrados en el proceso. Presentamos una propuesta metodológica, basada en el estudio de 49 indicadores extraídos del análisis de 231 inscripciones edilicias adscribibles a los siglos I a.C. – III d.C. y procedentes de las provincias hispanas y norteafricanas, que permitirá rastrear el origen de ambos conceptos en cada proyecto edilicio y definir con mayor precisión las tareas que realizaron los actores referenciados en los tituli. Clasificamos cada indicador según su pertenencia a las esferas imperial, municipal o privada y evaluamos su fiabilidad en base a ejemplos concretos.

[Objective] Proportional reasoning is a type of complex thinking that involves recognizing comparisons such as the covariation between magnitudes and multiple comparisons. The aim of this study was to analyze proportional reasoning of students from unitary tele-secondary education using the levels proposed by Karplus (1983) through a microworld like GeoGebra. In the microworld, students can explore and construct meanings about mathematical objects. [Methodology] Four activities were designed in GeoGebra, which were administered to 18 students from a unitary tele-secondary school, an educational modality in Mexico. [Results] It was found that participants are at initial levels that correspond to additive, qualitative, or erroneous structures to justify their procedures. The more complex levels of proportional reasoning, related to the use of ratios and constants of proportionality, were achieved when students interacted with each other and with the microworld. The reasoning levels are not mutually exclusive, as students can reason differently depending on the situation and the software's capabilities. [Conclusions] The use of microworlds in exploring proportional reasoning enables actions that cannot be carried out with pencil and paper, providing opportunities to interact with moving constructions. Additionally, it fosters interactions that reinforce or build collective knowledge., [Objetivo] O raciocínio proporcional é um tipo de fluxo complexo que envolve o reconhecimento de comparações, como a covariação entre magnitudes e comparações múltiplas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o raciocínio proporcional de alunos de escolas unitárias do ensino médio à distância usando os níveis propostos por Karplus (1983) a partir de um micromundo como o GeoGebra. No micromundo, os alunos podem explorar e construir significados sobre objetos matemáticos. [Metodologia] Quatro atividades do GeoGebra foram elaboradas e aplicadas a 18 alunos em uma escola unitária do ensino médio à distância (modalidade educacional no México). [Resultados] Identificou-se que os participantes estão em níveis iniciais, respondendo a estruturas aditivas, qualitativas ou errôneas para justificar seus procedimentos. Os níveis mais complexos de raciocínio proporcional relacionados ao uso de razões e constantes de proporcionalidade foram obtidos quando os alunos interagiram com seus colegas e com o micromundo. Os níveis de raciocínio não são mutuamente exclusivos, pois os alunos podem raciocinar de forma diferente, dependendo da situação e das possibilidades do software. [Conclusões] O uso de micromundos na exploração do raciocínio proporcional possibilita ações que não podem ser realizadas com "lápis e papel", o que oferece a oportunidade de interagir com construções em movimento e também gera interações de reforço ou construção de saberes desenvolvidos em conjunto., [Objetivo] El razonamiento proporcional es un tipo de corriente compleja que implica reconocer comparaciones como la covariación entre magnitudes y comparaciones múltiples. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el razonamiento proporcional de alumnos de telesecundaria unitaria utilizando los niveles propuestos por Karplus (1983) a partir de un micromundo como GeoGebra. En el micromundo, el estudiantado puede explorar y construir significados sobre los objetos matemáticos. [Metodología] Se diseñaron cuatro actividades en GeoGebra, las cuales fueron aplicadas a 18 estudiantes de una telesecundaria unitaria (modalidad educativa en México). [Resultados] Se identificó que los participantes están en niveles iniciales, que responden a estructuras aditivas, cualitativas o erróneas para justificar sus procedimientos. Los niveles más complejos de razonamiento proporcional relacionados con el uso de razones y constantes de proporcionalidad se obtuvieron cuando el estudiantado interactuaba con sus pares y con el micromundo. Los niveles de razonamiento no son mutuamente excluyentes, debido a que el alumnado puede razonar de diferente manera según la situación y las posibilidades del software. [Conclusiones] El uso de micromundos en la exploración del razonamiento proporcional posibilita acciones que no pueden llevarse a cabo en “lápiz y papel”, lo cual brinda la oportunidad de interactuar con construcciones en movimiento, además genera interacciones de reforzamiento o construcción de saberes desarrollados en conjunto.

Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) and distal neuropathic pain (DNP) remain significant challenges for older people with HIV (PWH), necessitating enhanced clinical attention. HIV and certain antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) can compromise mitochondrial function and impact mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication, which is linked to DSP in ART-treated PWH. This study investigated mtDNA, mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins, and mitochondrial electron transport chain protein changes in the dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) and sural nerves (SuNs) of 11 autopsied PWH. In antemortem standardized assessments, six had no or one sign of DSP, while five exhibited two or more DSP signs. Digital droplet polymerase chain reaction was used to measure mtDNA quantity and the common deletions in isolated DNA. We found lower mtDNA copy numbers in DSP+ donors. SuNs exhibited a higher proportion of mtDNA common deletion than DRGs in both groups. Mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins were altered in the DRGs of DSP+ compared to DSP- donors, particularly Complex I. These findings suggest that reduced mtDNA quantity and increased common deletion abundance may contribute to DSP in PWH, indicating diminished mitochondrial activity in the sensory neurons. Accumulated ETC proteins in the DRG imply impaired mitochondrial transport to the sensory neurons distal portion. Identifying molecules to safeguard mitochondrial integrity could aid in treating or preventing HIV-associated peripheral neuropathy.

Purpose: To assess which signs and eye prosthesis care habits are related to subjective discomfort in patients with dry anophthalmic socket syndrome (DASS), using standardized tools from daily practice. Methods: 62 anophthalmic sockets were compared with their healthy fellow eye using the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) score. The correlations between SPEED questionnaire and the prosthesis care, discharge characteristics score, conjunctival inflammation score, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) scores and Schirmer I test were studied. Result: The anophthalmic sockets group achieved a higher SPEED test score (p < 0.01), discharge score (p < 0.01), conjunctival inflammation score (p < 0.01), MGD scores (p < 0.01) and lower Schirmer I test (p < 0.01) compared with their fellow, healthy eye. Patients with a prosthesis replacement of one year or less, those with a current fit time of one year or less and those with a cleaning frequency above one month reported better SPEED, (p < 0.01), conjunctiva inflammation (p < 0.01) and MGD scores (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Most anophthalmic patients suffer mild to severe DASS, which seems related to discharge, conjunctival inflammation and MGD. Moreover, certain practices related to the care of the prosthesis such as replacing with a frequency lower than yearly, current fitting time inferior to one year and a removing and cleaning regime above one month, were related to a lower discomfort sensation, conjunctival inflammation and MGD. Clinicians should consider the DASS when facing patients with anophthalmic socket and discomfort symptoms.

Received 19 October 2022, Revised 11 December 2022, Accepted 27 December 2022, Available online 13 January 2023, Version of Record 13 January 2023, The aim is to provide an assessment of radiation damage in coated films on refractive substrates that could be used as relevant information to protect the field lenses in optical diagnostics for ITER. Radiation-resistant optical materials with transparent properties should transfer light from plasma to detectors through the interspace until the port cell area where they are located (more than 10 m from the vacuum window). These optical coatings and substrates should have resilience enough to withstand neutron and gamma irradiation without significant degradation of their transmittance. Coated sapphire (Al2O3 windows), YAG with Broad Band Anti-Reflective (BBAR) and substrates of BaF2/CaF2 protected with anti-humidity coating (Parylene-C) were extensively tested. After testing, transmission mea- surements and analysis of optical surfaces yield significant discoveries. All substrates showed good refractive performance under gamma radiation. On the contrary, Parylene-C did not resist temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius as expected, according to manufacturing specifications. In addition, it was observed that with an energy dose of 332 kGy of gamma rays and a significantly lower temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, the Parylene-C protection is also damaged. Coated sapphire had the best overall performance with respect to the neutron irradiation tests. Nevertheless, the decrease in transmission observed in the YAG and BaF2 coated samples is not significant for the expected cumulative neutron dose that these samples will receive at their location within the diagnostic. This information was considered for the selection of the best candidates as refractive lenses and optical coatings for the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) of ex-vessel components that will integrate the Wide-Angle Viewing System (WAVS) for ITER Equatorial Port 12., Fusion for Energy, Sección Deptal. de Óptica (Óptica), Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

The main objective of this project is to use a flexible and easily manipulable system like a software defined radio to implement a radar system with a variety of features such as the ability to be used as a robust radar system in situations with a large amount of static clutter, the ability to know the environment by analysing the electromagnetic spectrum and the ability to transmit signals that alter the correct performance of other systems present in the scene., El objetivo principal de este proyecto es utilizar un sistema flexible y fácilmente manipulable como una radio definida por software para implementar un sistema de radar con una variedad de características, como la capacidad de usarse como un sistema de radar robusto en situaciones con una gran cantidad de clutter, la capacidad de conocer el entorno mediante el análisis del espectro electromagnético y la capacidad de transmitir señales que alteren el correcto funcionamiento de otros sistemas presentes en la escena., L'objectiu principal d'aquest projecte és utilitzar un sistema flexible i fàcilment manipulable com una ràdio definida per codi (USRP) per implementar un sistema de radar amb una varietat de característiques, com ara la possibilitat d'utilitzar-se com a sistema de radar robust en situacions amb una gran quantitat clutter. La capacitat de conèixer l'entorn mitjançant l'anàlisi de l'espectre electromagnètic i la capacitat de transmetre senyals que alteren el correcte funcionament d'altres sistemes presents a l'escena.

El presente trabajo está orientado a profundizar en los horizontes perdidos de los entornos visuales de los yacimientos arqueológicos. Explorar las posibilidades de puesta en valor del patrimonio desde la perspectiva del paisaje, con la intención de hacer una evaluación crítica para llegar a una valoración propositiva y así poder «recuperar», en la medida de lo posible, los horizontes alterados por el devenir de los años y principalmente por la devastadora intervención humana. Nos centramos en tres enclaves costeros musealizados de la provincia de Alicante: el Tossal de Manises-Lucentum, La IIleta dels Banyets y La Fonteta., The present work focuses on analysing our lost skylines and their visual environments in archaeological sites and in doing so, I will explore the possibilities of valuing heritage from the perspective of its landscape, with the intention to promote a critical and proactive assessment and thus be able to «recover», as far as possible, the skylines altered or to be altered in years to come, due to devastating human intervention. We will look at three musealised coastal enclaves in the province of Alicante: the Tossal de Manises-Lucentum, La IIleta dels Banyets and La Fonteta.

En este trabajo se realiza una investigación sobre las vibraciones mecánicas presentes en máquinas CNC de gama media cuando opera con dos diferentes estrategias de mecanizado, la estrategia convencional y el mecanizado trocoidal. Se estableció un protocolo de adquisición de datos y se tomaron muestras, utilizando acelerómetros de base magnética posicionados en el bastidor de la máquina, muy cerca del motor que le proporciona movimiento al husillo. Posteriormente se realizó el procesamiento de datos, se generaron gráficas de vibraciones mecánicas en el dominio de la frecuencia, para así ubicar el elemento que más vibraciones aporta al sistema. Finalmente se concluye que la estrategia de mecanizado trocoidal es una alternativa prometedora para lograr aumentos de productividad en compañías manufactureras que cuenten con máquinas CNC de gama media, los resultados mostraron que el mecanizado trocoidal es 15 veces más productivo que el mecanizado tradicional., In this work, an investigation of the mechanical vibrations present in mid-range CNC machines when operating with two different machining strategies, the conventional strategy and the trochoidal machining, is carried out. A data acquisition protocol was established and numerous samples were taken, with the help of magnetic based accelerometers positioned on the machine frame, very close to the motor that provides motion to the spindle. Subsequently, data processing was performed, and frequency domain mechanical vibration graphs were generated to locate the element that contributes the most vibrations to the system. Finally, it is concluded that the trochoidal machining strategy is a promising alternative to achieve productivity increases in manufacturing companies that have mid-range CNC machines, the results showed that trochoidal machining is 15 times more productive than traditional machining.

En este trabajo se realiza una investigación sobre las vibraciones mecánicas presentes en máquinas CNC de gama media cuando opera con dos diferentes estrategias de mecanizado, la estrategia convencional y el mecanizado trocoidal. Se estableció un protocolo de adquisición de datos y se tomaron muestras, utilizando acelerómetros de base magnética posicionados en el bastidor de la máquina, muy cerca del motor que le proporciona movimiento al husillo. Posteriormente se realizó el procesamiento de datos, se generaron gráficas de vibraciones mecánicas en el dominio de la frecuencia, para así ubicar el elemento que más vibraciones aporta al sistema. Finalmente se concluye que la estrategia de mecanizado trocoidal es una alternativa prometedora para lograr aumentos de productividad en compañías manufactureras que cuenten con máquinas CNC de gama media, los resultados mostraron que el mecanizado trocoidal es 15 veces más productivo que el mecanizado tradicional., In this work, an investigation of the mechanical vibrations present in mid-range CNC machines when operating with two different machining strategies, the conventional strategy and the trochoidal machining, is carried out. A data acquisition protocol was established and numerous samples were taken, with the help of magnetic based accelerometers positioned on the machine frame, very close to the motor that provides motion to the spindle. Subsequently, data processing was performed, and frequency domain mechanical vibration graphs were generated to locate the element that contributes the most vibrations to the system. Finally, it is concluded that the trochoidal machining strategy is a promising alternative to achieve productivity increases in manufacturing companies that have mid-range CNC machines, the results showed that trochoidal machining is 15 times more productive than traditional machining.

En este trabajo se realiza una investigación sobre las vibraciones mecánicas presentes en máquinas CNC de gama media cuando opera con dos diferentes estrategias de mecanizado, la estrategia convencional y el mecanizado trocoidal. Se estableció un protocolo de adquisición de datos y se tomaron muestras, utilizando acelerómetros de base magnética posicionados en el bastidor de la máquina, muy cerca del motor que le proporciona movimiento al husillo. Posteriormente se realizó el procesamiento de datos, se generaron gráficas de vibraciones mecánicas en el dominio de la frecuencia, para así ubicar el elemento que más vibraciones aporta al sistema. Finalmente se concluye que la estrategia de mecanizado trocoidal es una alternativa prometedora para lograr aumentos de productividad en compañías manufactureras que cuenten con máquinas CNC de gama media, los resultados mostraron que el mecanizado trocoidal es 15 veces más productivo que el mecanizado tradicional., In this work, an investigation of the mechanical vibrations present in mid-range CNC machines when operating with two different machining strategies, the conventional strategy and the trochoidal machining, is carried out. A data acquisition protocol was established and numerous samples were taken, with the help of magnetic based accelerometers positioned on the machine frame, very close to the motor that provides motion to the spindle. Subsequently, data processing was performed, and frequency domain mechanical vibration graphs were generated to locate the element that contributes the most vibrations to the system. Finally, it is concluded that the trochoidal machining strategy is a promising alternative to achieve productivity increases in manufacturing companies that have mid-range CNC machines, the results showed that trochoidal machining is 15 times more productive than traditional machining.

Este trabajo se enfoca en el papel fundamental del diseño en la industria del cine y su impacto en la creación de elementos estéticos y funcionales que se ven en la pantalla. Implica la creación de bocetos, planos y maquetas para visualizar y comunicar ideas al equipo de producción. A pesar de su relevancia, el diseño en el cine a menudo carece de la valoración adecuada y su labor de investigación rara vez está documentada. Por lo tanto, este proyecto tiene como objetivo dar a conocer la importancia y el análisis detrás del diseño de producción en la industria cinematográfica. La investigación se centra en la introducción y contribución cultural en Francia, así como en su influencia en las costumbres y el diseño industrial parisino utilizando como base la película “Ratatouille”., Departamento de Urbanismo y Representación de la Arquitectura, Grado en Ingeniería en Diseño Industrial y Desarrollo de Producto

Several studies have examined the impact of prebiotics on gut microbiota and associated changes in host physiology. Here, we used the in vitro cultivation of human fecal samples stimulated with a series of chemically related prebiotics and medicinal herbs commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine, followed by 16S rRNA sequencing. We applied a genome-wide metabolic reconstruction of enumerated communities to compare and contrast the structural and functional impact of prebiotics and medicinal herbs. In doings so, we examined the relationships between discrete variations in sugar composition and sugar linkages associated with each prebiotic to drive changes in microbiota composition. The restructuring of microbial communities with glycan substrates alters community metabolism and its potential impact on host physiology. We analyzed sugar fermentation pathways and products predicted to be formed and prebiotic-induced changes in vitamin and amino acid biosynthesis and degradation. These results highlight the utility of combining a genome-wide metabolic reconstruction methodology with 16S rRNA sequence-based community profiles to provide insights pertaining to community metabolism. This process also provides a rational means for prioritizing in vivo analysis of prebiotics and medicinal herbs in vivo to test hypotheses related to therapeutic potential in specific diseases of interest.

Este trabajo se enfoca en el papel fundamental del diseño en la industria del cine y su impacto en la creación de elementos estéticos y funcionales que se ven en la pantalla. Implica la creación de bocetos, planos y maquetas para visualizar y comunicar ideas al equipo de producción. A pesar de su relevancia, el diseño en el cine a menudo carece de la valoración adecuada y su labor de investigación rara vez está documentada. Por lo tanto, este proyecto tiene como objetivo dar a conocer la importancia y el análisis detrás del diseño de producción en la industria cinematográfica. La investigación se centra en la introducción y contribución cultural en Francia, así como en su influencia en las costumbres y el diseño industrial parisino utilizando como base la película “Ratatouille”., Departamento de Urbanismo y Representación de la Arquitectura, Grado en Ingeniería en Diseño Industrial y Desarrollo de Producto

En la actualidad el trasplante de riñón en vida se ha convertido en el tratamiento óptimo para los pacientes con enfermedad renal en etapa terminal. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática sobre las publicaciones, el perfil y las consecuencias psicológicas en donantes y/o receptores de riñón vivos tras la donación, variables que influyen en su aparición y manifestación y los principales métodos de evaluación. Para ello, se buscó en las bases de datos PsycInfo y Scopus usando los descriptores “living kidney” OR “living renal” AND don* OR recipient* OR transplant* AND psychol*, con un resultado final de 28 artículos y 2 revisiones sistemáticas. Se obtiene que las principales consecuencias psicológicas experimentadas por donantes y receptores están relacionadas con la calidad de vida, interacción social, satisfacción intrapersonal, depresión, ansiedad, fatiga psicológica y limitaciones en el rol social, evaluadas con una diversidad de instrumentos de medida. Estas consecuencias se ven influidas por variables como tener una edad avanzada, ser mujer o tener una mala relación con el receptor tras la intervención. En conclusión, los donantes y/o receptores de riñón vivos pueden sufrir un conjunto heterogéneo de consecuencias psicológicas. Por tanto, es necesario realizar una evaluación temprana, detectando posibles grupos vulnerables ofreciéndoles una intervención sistemática y exhaustiva tras la donación., Currently, living kidney transplantation has become the optimal treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. The goal of the present study is to carry out a systematic review of publications, the psychological profile and consequences in living kidney donors and/or recipients after donation, variables that influence their appearance and manifestation, and the main methods of assessment. For this purpose, the databases PsycInfo and Scopus were searched using the descriptors “living kidney” OR “living renal” AND don* OR recipient* OR transplant* AND psychol*, with a final result of 28 articles and 2 systematic reviews. It is obtained that the main psychological consequences experienced by donors and recipients are related to quality of life, social interaction, intrapersonal satisfaction, depression, anxiety, psychological fatigue and social role limitations, assessed with a variety of measurement instruments. These consequences are influenced by variables such as advanced age, female or having a poor relationship with the recipient after the intervention. In conclusion, living kidney donors and/or recipients may suffer a heterogeneous set of psychological consequences. Therefore, there is a need for early assessment, detecting possible vulnerable groups by offering them a systematic and comprehensive intervention after donation.

There are currently two authorized vaccines against herpes zoster (HZ) that have been shown to be safe and effective in its prevention: Zostavax, a zoster vaccine live (ZVL), and Shingrix, a recombinant zoster Vaccine (RZV). Because ophthalmologists work with vision-threatening complications of zoster, such as herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), they are in a good position to advocate for vaccination. Our aim was to determine the current knowledge among Spanish ophthalmologists about the effectiveness of the available vaccines against HZ. A Google Forms questionnaire was created and used as the survey platform for this study. It was an anonymous online survey of 16 questions, which was shared among Spanish ophthalmologists in-training and consultants from 27 April 2022 to 25 May 2022. The survey was completed by a total of 206 ophthalmologists of all subspecialties. We obtained responses from 17 of the 19 regions of Spain. Fifty-five percent of the respondents agreed that HZ is a frequent cause of vision loss. However, 27% of the professionals were unaware of the existence of vaccines against HZ and 71% of them did not know in which cases it could be indicated. Only nine ophthalmologists (4%) had ever suggested vaccination against HZ to their patients. Despite this, 93% considered it important to recommend vaccination against HZ if it proved to be safe and effective. Considering the sequelae, complications, and the existence of safe and effective vaccines against HZ, vaccination of the target population could be considered an important public health measure. We are convinced that it is time for ophthalmologists to take an active role in HZO prevention.

En la actualidad el trasplante de riñón en vida se ha convertido en el tratamiento óptimo para los pacientes con enfermedad renal en etapa terminal. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática sobre las publicaciones, el perfil y las consecuencias psicológicas en donantes y/o receptores de riñón vivos tras la donación, variables que influyen en su aparición y manifestación y los principales métodos de evaluación. Para ello, se buscó en las bases de datos PsycInfo y Scopus usando los descriptores “living kidney” OR “living renal” AND don* OR recipient* OR transplant* AND psychol*, con un resultado final de 28 artículos y 2 revisiones sistemáticas. Se obtiene que las principales consecuencias psicológicas experimentadas por donantes y receptores están relacionadas con la calidad de vida, interacción social, satisfacción intrapersonal, depresión, ansiedad, fatiga psicológica y limitaciones en el rol social, evaluadas con una diversidad de instrumentos de medida. Estas consecuencias se ven influidas por variables como tener una edad avanzada, ser mujer o tener una mala relación con el receptor tras la intervención. En conclusión, los donantes y/o receptores de riñón vivos pueden sufrir un conjunto heterogéneo de consecuencias psicológicas. Por tanto, es necesario realizar una evaluación temprana, detectando posibles grupos vulnerables ofreciéndoles una intervención sistemática y exhaustiva tras la donación., Currently, living kidney transplantation has become the optimal treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. The goal of the present study is to carry out a systematic review of publications, the psychological profile and consequences in living kidney donors and/or recipients after donation, variables that influence their appearance and manifestation, and the main methods of assessment. For this purpose, the databases PsycInfo and Scopus were searched using the descriptors “living kidney” OR “living renal” AND don* OR recipient* OR transplant* AND psychol*, with a final result of 28 articles and 2 systematic reviews. It is obtained that the main psychological consequences experienced by donors and recipients are related to quality of life, social interaction, intrapersonal satisfaction, depression, anxiety, psychological fatigue and social role limitations, assessed with a variety of measurement instruments. These consequences are influenced by variables such as advanced age, female or having a poor relationship with the recipient after the intervention. In conclusion, living kidney donors and/or recipients may suffer a heterogeneous set of psychological consequences. Therefore, there is a need for early assessment, detecting possible vulnerable groups by offering them a systematic and comprehensive intervention after donation.

En la actualidad el trasplante de riñón en vida se ha convertido en el tratamiento óptimo para los pacientes con enfermedad renal en etapa terminal. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática sobre las publicaciones, el perfil y las consecuencias psicológicas en donantes y/o receptores de riñón vivos tras la donación, variables que influyen en su aparición y manifestación y los principales métodos de evaluación. Para ello, se buscó en las bases de datos PsycInfo y Scopus usando los descriptores “living kidney” OR “living renal” AND don* OR recipient* OR transplant* AND psychol*, con un resultado final de 28 artículos y 2 revisiones sistemáticas. Se obtiene que las principales consecuencias psicológicas experimentadas por donantes y receptores están relacionadas con la calidad de vida, interacción social, satisfacción intrapersonal, depresión, ansiedad, fatiga psicológica y limitaciones en el rol social, evaluadas con una diversidad de instrumentos de medida. Estas consecuencias se ven influidas por variables como tener una edad avanzada, ser mujer o tener una mala relación con el receptor tras la intervención. En conclusión, los donantes y/o receptores de riñón vivos pueden sufrir un conjunto heterogéneo de consecuencias psicológicas. Por tanto, es necesario realizar una evaluación temprana, detectando posibles grupos vulnerables ofreciéndoles una intervención sistemática y exhaustiva tras la donación., Currently, living kidney transplantation has become the optimal treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. The goal of the present study is to carry out a systematic review of publications, the psychological profile and consequences in living kidney donors and/or recipients after donation, variables that influence their appearance and manifestation, and the main methods of assessment. For this purpose, the databases PsycInfo and Scopus were searched using the descriptors “living kidney” OR “living renal” AND don* OR recipient* OR transplant* AND psychol*, with a final result of 28 articles and 2 systematic reviews. It is obtained that the main psychological consequences experienced by donors and recipients are related to quality of life, social interaction, intrapersonal satisfaction, depression, anxiety, psychological fatigue and social role limitations, assessed with a variety of measurement instruments. These consequences are influenced by variables such as advanced age, female or having a poor relationship with the recipient after the intervention. In conclusion, living kidney donors and/or recipients may suffer a heterogeneous set of psychological consequences. Therefore, there is a need for early assessment, detecting possible vulnerable groups by offering them a systematic and comprehensive intervention after donation.

En la actualidad el trasplante de riñón en vida se ha convertido en el tratamiento óptimo para los pacientes con enfermedad renal en etapa terminal. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática sobre las publicaciones, el perfil y las consecuencias psicológicas en donantes y/o receptores de riñón vivos tras la donación, variables que influyen en su aparición y manifestación y los principales métodos de evaluación. Para ello, se buscó en las bases de datos PsycInfo y Scopus usando los descriptores “living kidney” OR “living renal” AND don* OR recipient* OR transplant* AND psychol*, con un resultado final de 28 artículos y 2 revisiones sistemáticas. Se obtiene que las principales consecuencias psicológicas experimentadas por donantes y receptores están relacionadas con la calidad de vida, interacción social, satisfacción intrapersonal, depresión, ansiedad, fatiga psicológica y limitaciones en el rol social, evaluadas con una diversidad de instrumentos de medida. Estas consecuencias se ven influidas por variables como tener una edad avanzada, ser mujer o tener una mala relación con el receptor tras la intervención. En conclusión, los donantes y/o receptores de riñón vivos pueden sufrir un conjunto heterogéneo de consecuencias psicológicas. Por tanto, es necesario realizar una evaluación temprana, detectando posibles grupos vulnerables ofreciéndoles una intervención sistemática y exhaustiva tras la donación., Currently, living kidney transplantation has become the optimal treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. The goal of the present study is to carry out a systematic review of publications, the psychological profile and consequences in living kidney donors and/or recipients after donation, variables that influence their appearance and manifestation, and the main methods of assessment. For this purpose, the databases PsycInfo and Scopus were searched using the descriptors “living kidney” OR “living renal” AND don* OR recipient* OR transplant* AND psychol*, with a final result of 28 articles and 2 systematic reviews. It is obtained that the main psychological consequences experienced by donors and recipients are related to quality of life, social interaction, intrapersonal satisfaction, depression, anxiety, psychological fatigue and social role limitations, assessed with a variety of measurement instruments. These consequences are influenced by variables such as advanced age, female or having a poor relationship with the recipient after the intervention. In conclusion, living kidney donors and/or recipients may suffer a heterogeneous set of psychological consequences. Therefore, there is a need for early assessment, detecting possible vulnerable groups by offering them a systematic and comprehensive intervention after donation.

There are currently two authorized vaccines against herpes zoster (HZ) that have been shown to be safe and effective in its prevention: Zostavax, a zoster vaccine live (ZVL), and Shingrix, a recombinant zoster Vaccine (RZV). Because ophthalmologists work with vision-threatening complications of zoster, such as herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), they are in a good position to advocate for vaccination. Our aim was to determine the current knowledge among Spanish ophthalmologists about the effectiveness of the available vaccines against HZ. A Google Forms questionnaire was created and used as the survey platform for this study. It was an anonymous online survey of 16 questions, which was shared among Spanish ophthalmologists in-training and consultants from 27 April 2022 to 25 May 2022. The survey was completed by a total of 206 ophthalmologists of all subspecialties. We obtained responses from 17 of the 19 regions of Spain. Fifty-five percent of the respondents agreed that HZ is a frequent cause of vision loss. However, 27% of the professionals were unaware of the existence of vaccines against HZ and 71% of them did not know in which cases it could be indicated. Only nine ophthalmologists (4%) had ever suggested vaccination against HZ to their patients. Despite this, 93% considered it important to recommend vaccination against HZ if it proved to be safe and effective. Considering the sequelae, complications, and the existence of safe and effective vaccines against HZ, vaccination of the target population could be considered an important public health measure. We are convinced that it is time for ophthalmologists to take an active role in HZO prevention.

El presente volumen recoge las contribuciones presentadas al II Congreso Internacional sobre Tarteso, Nuevas Fronteras, que tuvo lugar en Mérida entre los días 17 y 19 de noviembre de 2021. Su lectura permite un viaje desde el extremo oriental del Mediterráneo hasta el suroeste de la península ibérica, mostrando las diversas realidades históricas acontecidas en este territorio durante la I Edad del Hierro. El objetivo de esta publicación es mostrar la situación que atravesaba el Mediterráneo durante los años de surgimiento y desarrollo de la cultura tartésica para así comprender mejor la formación y evolución de dicha cultura. El conocimiento de Tarteso ha evolucionado sensiblemente en la última década, desde la celebración y publicación de las actas del I Congreso Internacional, Tarteso. El emporio del metal (Almuzara, 2013). La incorporación de nuevas voces y visiones enfocadas al conocimiento de la protohistoria peninsular, así como de algunos temas nunca antes abordados en el conocimiento de Tarteso, permiten presentar en este volumen una visión renovada, donde destaca la incorporación de unos nuevos límites territoriales para esta cultura.

En la actualidad el trasplante de riñón en vida se ha convertido en el tratamiento óptimo para los pacientes con enfermedad renal en etapa terminal. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática sobre las publicaciones, el perfil y las consecuencias psicológicas en donantes y/o receptores de riñón vivos tras la donación, variables que influyen en su aparición y manifestación y los principales métodos de evaluación. Para ello, se buscó en las bases de datos PsycInfo y Scopus usando los descriptores “living kidney” OR “living renal” AND don* OR recipient* OR transplant* AND psychol*, con un resultado final de 28 artículos y 2 revisiones sistemáticas. Se obtiene que las principales consecuencias psicológicas experimentadas por donantes y receptores están relacionadas con la calidad de vida, interacción social, satisfacción intrapersonal, depresión, ansiedad, fatiga psicológica y limitaciones en el rol social, evaluadas con una diversidad de instrumentos de medida. Estas consecuencias se ven influidas por variables como tener una edad avanzada, ser mujer o tener una mala relación con el receptor tras la intervención. En conclusión, los donantes y/o receptores de riñón vivos pueden sufrir un conjunto heterogéneo de consecuencias psicológicas. Por tanto, es necesario realizar una evaluación temprana, detectando posibles grupos vulnerables ofreciéndoles una intervención sistemática y exhaustiva tras la donación., Currently, living kidney transplantation has become the optimal treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. The goal of the present study is to carry out a systematic review of publications, the psychological profile and consequences in living kidney donors and/or recipients after donation, variables that influence their appearance and manifestation, and the main methods of assessment. For this purpose, the databases PsycInfo and Scopus were searched using the descriptors “living kidney” OR “living renal” AND don* OR recipient* OR transplant* AND psychol*, with a final result of 28 articles and 2 systematic reviews. It is obtained that the main psychological consequences experienced by donors and recipients are related to quality of life, social interaction, intrapersonal satisfaction, depression, anxiety, psychological fatigue and social role limitations, assessed with a variety of measurement instruments. These consequences are influenced by variables such as advanced age, female or having a poor relationship with the recipient after the intervention. In conclusion, living kidney donors and/or recipients may suffer a heterogeneous set of psychological consequences. Therefore, there is a need for early assessment, detecting possible vulnerable groups by offering them a systematic and comprehensive intervention after donation.

The biological mechanisms underlying emotional distress in HIV infection are likely to be complex but remain understudied. We investigated whether dysbiotic signatures in the gut microbiome of persons living with HIV (PLWH) are associated with their emotional status. We retrospectively examined the gut microbiome and clinical evaluation of 129 adults (94 PLWH and 35 HIV-) enrolled at UC San Diego's HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program. A subset of participants (32 PLWH vs. 13 HIV-) underwent an emotional assessment using the NIH Toolbox Emotion Battery summarized by three composite scores (negative affect, social satisfaction, and psychological well-being). We then sequenced the 16S rDNA V3-V4 regions from stool and performed taxonomic assignment using CLC Microbial Genomics Module. The gut microbiota profiles were evaluated in relation to participants' emotional assessment. All analyses were done in R statistical software. We found that the relative abundance of aerotolerant bacteria was significantly higher in PLWH (p < 0.01) and was associated with a lifetime major depression diagnosis independently of HIV status (p = 0.05). Moreover, PLWH experienced significantly worse psychological well-being (p = 0.02), less social satisfaction (p = 0.03), and more negative affect (p = 0.02). Higher levels of aerotolerant bacteria were associated with worse psychological well-being (rho = -0.35, p = 0.02), less social satisfaction (r = - 0.42, p < 0.01), and more negative affect (rho = 0.46, p < 0.01). The association of aerotolerant bacteria with social satisfaction and negative affect was independent of HIV status (p < 0.05, for both). The over-representation of aerotolerant bacteria in the gut may reflect worse oxidative stress and barrier defects and may contribute to emotional distress during HIV infection.

The small intestine is a rapidly proliferating organ that is maintained by a small population of Lgr5-expressing intestinal stem cells (ISCs). However, several Lgr5-negative ISC populations have been identified, and this remarkable plasticity allows the intestine to rapidly respond to both the local environment and to damage. However, the mediators of such plasticity are still largely unknown. Using intestinal organoids and mouse models, we show that upon ribosome impairment (driven by Rptor deletion, amino acid starvation, or low dose cyclohexamide treatment) ISCs gain an Lgr5-negative, fetal-like identity. This is accompanied by a rewiring of metabolism. Our findings suggest that the ribosome can act as a sensor of nutrient availability, allowing ISCs to respond to the local nutrient environment. Mechanistically, we show that this phenotype requires the activation of ZAKɑ, which in turn activates YAP, via SRC. Together, our data reveals a central role for ribosome dynamics in intestinal stem cells, and identify the activation of ZAKɑ as a critical mediator of stem cell identity.

La disponibilidad de móvil es de un 32%-87% en niños entre 10 y 15 años de edad. El uso temprano y excesivo de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) parece aumentar el sobrepeso, lo que indica la importancia de su estudio como medida de prevención., Grado en Medicina

This review discusses the role of opioids in the corneal surface and the different pathways and therapeutic methods of management. A literature review was performed using PubMed database. For the database search, the main searching words “opioid” and “topical opioid treatment” were used with the descriptors “cornea”, “ocular surface”, “neuropathic corneal pain”, “corneal sensitivity” and “naltrexone”; original scientific articles and reviews were included to achieve the purpose of the review. The endogenous opioid system has relevant functions in the organism, and in daily use, opioids are used as painkillers. However, these drugs may be employed for other indications as opioid pathways have a wide spectrum. The corneal surface for topical treatment is easily accessible, hence sparing the side effects of systemic opioids. Instillation of opioid antagonist substances, such as naltrexone, increases corneal healing rates and stimulates the division of corneal epithelium cells without deleterious effects. The natural modulation of endogenous opioids controls different forms of pain, including inflammatory and neuropathic pain, both in the ocular surface and in the central nervous system. There are diverse methods in controlling pain using opioids, especially in refractory forms. This review attempts to collect the literature about corneal surface and opioid pathways to provide an overview image and a possible direction of the news treatments.

La disponibilidad de móvil es de un 32%-87% en niños entre 10 y 15 años de edad. El uso temprano y excesivo de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) parece aumentar el sobrepeso, lo que indica la importancia de su estudio como medida de prevención., Grado en Medicina

In Mexico, a wide variety of fermented beverages have been produced since pre-Hispanic times, which are currently considered traditional and although their content has been scarcely investigated, there are studies that report their beneficial effects on consumer health due not only to the presence and microbial/probiotic action, but also to that of multiple compounds of biological importance. The objective of this review is to highlight the information available on four selected beverages, the probiotics present in them, their mechanism of action and their possible applications in human health; therefore, scientific information on probiotics was compiled, available in databases such as: Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, SciELO, Redalyc, Dialnet, Springer and Google Scholar. In conclusion, more studies and clinical trials in humans are necessary to support its biomedical application in some pathologies that affect public health., En México, desde la época prehispánica se producen una gran variedad de bebidas fermentadas, que en la actualidad son consideradas tradicionales y aunque su contenido ha sido escasamente investigado, hay estudios que reportan sus efectos benéficos a la salud del consumidor debido no sólo a la presencia y acción microbiana/probiótica, sino también a la de múltiples compuestos de importancia biológica. El objetivo de esta revisión es destacar la información disponible de cuatro bebidas seleccionadas, los probióticos presentes en ellas, el mecanismo de acción de estos y sus posibles aplicaciones en la salud humana; por lo que se compiló la información científica, sobre los probióticos, disponible en las bases de datos como: Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, SciELO, Redalyc, Dialnet, Springer y Google Académico. En conclusión, son necesarios más estudios y ensayos clínicos, en humanos, que apoyen su aplicación biomédica ante algunas patologías que afectan a la salud pública.

Pseudopterygium is a non-progressive conjunctival adhesion to the peripheral cornea secondary to a corneal-limbus damage. According to the literature, the main etiology is a previous eye trauma. Nevertheless, this could be biased by the existence of other underdiagnosed causes of pseudopterygium, some of which may have severe consequences for the integrity of the eye and patient’s life. This comprehensive literature review was performed based on a search on the PubMed and Google Scholar databases of relevant pseudopterygium published papers according to our current knowledge and seeks to gather the existing evidence about its diverse etiologies and clinical features, as well as to propose a diagnostic algorithm to simplify its correct approach.

La disponibilidad de móvil es de un 32%-87% en niños entre 10 y 15 años de edad. El uso temprano y excesivo de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) parece aumentar el sobrepeso, lo que indica la importancia de su estudio como medida de prevención., Grado en Medicina

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar la factibilidad de obtener energía eléctrica de una corriente de agua para cubrir necesidades básicas de habitantes de comunidades rurales y remotas de Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosí, México, en la ribera del río Amajac. El método de solución de problemas fue el círculo de Deming. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de las turbinas hidráulicas existentes en el mercado y se identificaron las variables relacionadas con la generación de energía. Asimismo, se identificó cuál es la turbina más adecuada y el sistema de mayor eficiencia para las condiciones de esa parte de México y se recolectaron datos en tres localidades diferentes (Tlapexhuaca Tacial, Taman y Vega Larga) utilizando el método del flotador para conocer el caudal y cálculos respectivos. Se encontró que la localidad de Tlapexhuaca Tacial tiene la mayor velocidad de corriente de río con una energía cinética promedio de 3847 Joules, por lo que en trabajos futuros se trabajará en el diseño de la turbina óptima.

This review discusses the role of opioids in the corneal surface and the different pathways and therapeutic methods of management. A literature review was performed using PubMed database. For the database search, the main searching words “opioid” and “topical opioid treatment” were used with the descriptors “cornea”, “ocular surface”, “neuropathic corneal pain”, “corneal sensitivity” and “naltrexone”; original scientific articles and reviews were included to achieve the purpose of the review. The endogenous opioid system has relevant functions in the organism, and in daily use, opioids are used as painkillers. However, these drugs may be employed for other indications as opioid pathways have a wide spectrum. The corneal surface for topical treatment is easily accessible, hence sparing the side effects of systemic opioids. Instillation of opioid antagonist substances, such as naltrexone, increases corneal healing rates and stimulates the division of corneal epithelium cells without deleterious effects. The natural modulation of endogenous opioids controls different forms of pain, including inflammatory and neuropathic pain, both in the ocular surface and in the central nervous system. There are diverse methods in controlling pain using opioids, especially in refractory forms. This review attempts to collect the literature about corneal surface and opioid pathways to provide an overview image and a possible direction of the news treatments.

This review discusses the role of opioids in the corneal surface and the different pathways and therapeutic methods of management. A literature review was performed using PubMed database. For the database search, the main searching words “opioid” and “topical opioid treatment” were used with the descriptors “cornea”, “ocular surface”, “neuropathic corneal pain”, “corneal sensitivity” and “naltrexone”; original scientific articles and reviews were included to achieve the purpose of the review. The endogenous opioid system has relevant functions in the organism, and in daily use, opioids are used as painkillers. However, these drugs may be employed for other indications as opioid pathways have a wide spectrum. The corneal surface for topical treatment is easily accessible, hence sparing the side effects of systemic opioids. Instillation of opioid antagonist substances, such as naltrexone, increases corneal healing rates and stimulates the division of corneal epithelium cells without deleterious effects. The natural modulation of endogenous opioids controls different forms of pain, including inflammatory and neuropathic pain, both in the ocular surface and in the central nervous system. There are diverse methods in controlling pain using opioids, especially in refractory forms. This review attempts to collect the literature about corneal surface and opioid pathways to provide an overview image and a possible direction of the news treatments.

La disponibilidad de móvil es de un 32%-87% en niños entre 10 y 15 años de edad. El uso temprano y excesivo de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) parece aumentar el sobrepeso, lo que indica la importancia de su estudio como medida de prevención., Grado en Medicina

Recital de grado de maestría

Pseudopterygium is a non-progressive conjunctival adhesion to the peripheral cornea secondary to a corneal-limbus damage. According to the literature, the main etiology is a previous eye trauma. Nevertheless, this could be biased by the existence of other underdiagnosed causes of pseudopterygium, some of which may have severe consequences for the integrity of the eye and patient’s life. This comprehensive literature review was performed based on a search on the PubMed and Google Scholar databases of relevant pseudopterygium published papers according to our current knowledge and seeks to gather the existing evidence about its diverse etiologies and clinical features, as well as to propose a diagnostic algorithm to simplify its correct approach.

This article briefly examines the development of the new premises of the Grau/Grado Ethnographic and History Museum, known as Grau, villa ya mercáu. This new exhibition space focuses on the history of Grau/Grado, displaying artefacts and content relating to the everyday lives of its inhabitants, their economic activities and the society and culture of this Asturian town. The museographic narrative has two main aims: firstly, to preserve and exhibit Grau/Grado’s commercial and industrial heritage to the public via artefacts lent by the town’s inhabitants, accompanied by their memories in visual and oral format. Secondly, to historically contextualise the mercáu’s commercial activity and role as an element of territorial cohesion, projecting this memory into the future in order to boost local sustainable development. The creation of the venue was underpinned by community participation. Through contact with the inhabitants, visits and interviews, oral testimonies allowing the community’s memory to be reconstructed were collected, as well as relevant artefacts. This enabled the creation of a cultural resource from and for the community with an alternative narrative focusing on people and their stories., En este trabajo se expone brevemente el desarrollo del nuevo espacio expositivo del Museo Etnográfico y de Historia de Grau/ Grado, denominado Grau, villa ya mercáu. Los contenidos de esta nueva sede se focalizan en la historia de la villa moscona, mostrando piezas y contenidos relacionados con la vida cotidiana de sus habitantes, sus actividades económicas y su vida social y cultural. El discurso museográfico tiene dos objetivos: por una parte, conservar y mostrar al público el patrimonio comercial e industrial de Grau/Grado, a través de elementos cedidos por sus habitantes, acompañado de su memoria gráfica y oral y por otra, contextualizar históricamente la actividad comercial y el papel del mercáu como elemento de cohesión territorial, proyectando esta memoria hacia el futuro a fin de potenciar el desarrollo sostenible local. En la creación de este espacio ha sido fundamental la implicación de los habitantes de Grau/Grado, gracias a los cuales se han conseguido testimonios orales que han posibilitado reconstruir la memoria de la comunidad, así como reunir piezas de especial importancia. Todo ello ha permitido elaborar un recurso cultural de y para la comunidad con un discurso alternativo, centrado en las personas y sus historias.

Pseudopterygium is a non-progressive conjunctival adhesion to the peripheral cornea secondary to a corneal-limbus damage. According to the literature, the main etiology is a previous eye trauma. Nevertheless, this could be biased by the existence of other underdiagnosed causes of pseudopterygium, some of which may have severe consequences for the integrity of the eye and patient’s life. This comprehensive literature review was performed based on a search on the PubMed and Google Scholar databases of relevant pseudopterygium published papers according to our current knowledge and seeks to gather the existing evidence about its diverse etiologies and clinical features, as well as to propose a diagnostic algorithm to simplify its correct approach.

This review discusses the role of opioids in the corneal surface and the different pathways and therapeutic methods of management. A literature review was performed using PubMed database. For the database search, the main searching words “opioid” and “topical opioid treatment” were used with the descriptors “cornea”, “ocular surface”, “neuropathic corneal pain”, “corneal sensitivity” and “naltrexone”; original scientific articles and reviews were included to achieve the purpose of the review. The endogenous opioid system has relevant functions in the organism, and in daily use, opioids are used as painkillers. However, these drugs may be employed for other indications as opioid pathways have a wide spectrum. The corneal surface for topical treatment is easily accessible, hence sparing the side effects of systemic opioids. Instillation of opioid antagonist substances, such as naltrexone, increases corneal healing rates and stimulates the division of corneal epithelium cells without deleterious effects. The natural modulation of endogenous opioids controls different forms of pain, including inflammatory and neuropathic pain, both in the ocular surface and in the central nervous system. There are diverse methods in controlling pain using opioids, especially in refractory forms. This review attempts to collect the literature about corneal surface and opioid pathways to provide an overview image and a possible direction of the news treatments.

This article briefly examines the development of the new premises of the Grau/Grado Ethnographic and History Museum, known as Grau, villa ya mercáu. This new exhibition space focuses on the history of Grau/Grado, displaying artefacts and content relating to the everyday lives of its inhabitants, their economic activities and the society and culture of this Asturian town. The museographic narrative has two main aims: firstly, to preserve and exhibit Grau/Grado’s commercial and industrial heritage to the public via artefacts lent by the town’s inhabitants, accompanied by their memories in visual and oral format. Secondly, to historically contextualise the mercáu’s commercial activity and role as an element of territorial cohesion, projecting this memory into the future in order to boost local sustainable development. The creation of the venue was underpinned by community participation. Through contact with the inhabitants, visits and interviews, oral testimonies allowing the community’s memory to be reconstructed were collected, as well as relevant artefacts. This enabled the creation of a cultural resource from and for the community with an alternative narrative focusing on people and their stories., En este trabajo se expone brevemente el desarrollo del nuevo espacio expositivo del Museo Etnográfico y de Historia de Grau/ Grado, denominado Grau, villa ya mercáu. Los contenidos de esta nueva sede se focalizan en la historia de la villa moscona, mostrando piezas y contenidos relacionados con la vida cotidiana de sus habitantes, sus actividades económicas y su vida social y cultural. El discurso museográfico tiene dos objetivos: por una parte, conservar y mostrar al público el patrimonio comercial e industrial de Grau/Grado, a través de elementos cedidos por sus habitantes, acompañado de su memoria gráfica y oral y por otra, contextualizar históricamente la actividad comercial y el papel del mercáu como elemento de cohesión territorial, proyectando esta memoria hacia el futuro a fin de potenciar el desarrollo sostenible local. En la creación de este espacio ha sido fundamental la implicación de los habitantes de Grau/Grado, gracias a los cuales se han conseguido testimonios orales que han posibilitado reconstruir la memoria de la comunidad, así como reunir piezas de especial importancia. Todo ello ha permitido elaborar un recurso cultural de y para la comunidad con un discurso alternativo, centrado en las personas y sus historias.

The small intestine is a rapidly proliferating organ that is maintained by a small population of Lgr5-expressing intestinal stem cells (ISCs). However, several Lgr5-negative ISC populations have been identified, and this remarkable plasticity allows the intestine to rapidly respond to both the local environment and to damage. However, the mediators of such plasticity are still largely unknown. Using intestinal organoids and mouse models, we show that upon ribosome impairment (driven by Rptor deletion, amino acid starvation, or low dose cyclohexamide treatment) ISCs gain an Lgr5-negative, fetal-like identity. This is accompanied by a rewiring of metabolism. Our findings suggest that the ribosome can act as a sensor of nutrient availability, allowing ISCs to respond to the local nutrient environment. Mechanistically, we show that this phenotype requires the activation of ZAKɑ, which in turn activates YAP, via SRC. Together, our data reveals a central role for ribosome dynamics in intestinal stem cells, and identify the activation of ZAKɑ as a critical mediator of stem cell identity.

In Mexico, a wide variety of fermented beverages have been produced since pre-Hispanic times, which are currently considered traditional and although their content has been scarcely investigated, there are studies that report their beneficial effects on consumer health due not only to the presence and microbial/probiotic action, but also to that of multiple compounds of biological importance. The objective of this review is to highlight the information available on four selected beverages, the probiotics present in them, their mechanism of action and their possible applications in human health; therefore, scientific information on probiotics was compiled, available in databases such as: Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, SciELO, Redalyc, Dialnet, Springer and Google Scholar. In conclusion, more studies and clinical trials in humans are necessary to support its biomedical application in some pathologies that affect public health., En México, desde la época prehispánica se producen una gran variedad de bebidas fermentadas, que en la actualidad son consideradas tradicionales y aunque su contenido ha sido escasamente investigado, hay estudios que reportan sus efectos benéficos a la salud del consumidor debido no sólo a la presencia y acción microbiana/probiótica, sino también a la de múltiples compuestos de importancia biológica. El objetivo de esta revisión es destacar la información disponible de cuatro bebidas seleccionadas, los probióticos presentes en ellas, el mecanismo de acción de estos y sus posibles aplicaciones en la salud humana; por lo que se compiló la información científica, sobre los probióticos, disponible en las bases de datos como: Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science, SciELO, Redalyc, Dialnet, Springer y Google Académico. En conclusión, son necesarios más estudios y ensayos clínicos, en humanos, que apoyen su aplicación biomédica ante algunas patologías que afectan a la salud pública.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar la factibilidad de obtener energía eléctrica de una corriente de agua para cubrir necesidades básicas de habitantes de comunidades rurales y remotas de Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosí, México, en la ribera del río Amajac. El método de solución de problemas fue el círculo de Deming. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de las turbinas hidráulicas existentes en el mercado y se identificaron las variables relacionadas con la generación de energía. Asimismo, se identificó cuál es la turbina más adecuada y el sistema de mayor eficiencia para las condiciones de esa parte de México y se recolectaron datos en tres localidades diferentes (Tlapexhuaca Tacial, Taman y Vega Larga) utilizando el método del flotador para conocer el caudal y cálculos respectivos. Se encontró que la localidad de Tlapexhuaca Tacial tiene la mayor velocidad de corriente de río con una energía cinética promedio de 3847 Joules, por lo que en trabajos futuros se trabajará en el diseño de la turbina óptima.

[ES]Durante el transcurso de la historia, a raíz del modo en que la sociedad se estructura y funciona, las personas con discapacidad se han visto relegadas a una situación de exclusión en la que sus derechos y libertades han estado restringidos. En el ámbito laboral esta coyuntura puede apreciarse al reparar en la baja tasa de participación de las personas con discapacidad en el mercado del trabajo. Sin embargo, desde que las instituciones supranacionales y los propios estados comenzaron a reparar en ello, se ha ido tomando conciencia de la situación y progresivamente se han impulsado diversas medidas para tratar de hacer frente a la desigualdad desde el marco normativo y la acción pública. Entre las distintas recetas aplicadas podemos destacar la utilización de diversos incentivos económicos para tratar de promover la contratación de las personas en situación de discapacidad en el sector privado del ámbito laboral. Técnicas, no obstante, sobre cuya efectividad y justificación hasta la fecha merece la pena reflexionar para tratar de dilucidar si el enfoque de las mismas ha sido acertado., [EU]Historian zehar, gizartea antolatu eta funtzionatzen duen modua dela eta, desgaitasunak dituzten pertsonak aldebateratuta egon dira eta beren eskubide eta askatasunak murriztu izan dira. Lan eremuan desgaitasunak dituzten pertsonen parte-hartze eta enplegu-tasei begiratuz abagune hau hauteman daiteke. Hala ere, nazioz gaindiko erakundeak eta nazioak berak ohartu zirenetik, gizartea egoeraz jabetzen joan da. Horrenbestez, pixkanaka eta etengabe neurriak hartuz, desberdintasun egoera honi aurre egiten saiatu da gizarte-ekintza eta esparru harauemaileetatika Erabilitako neurrien artean hainbat pizgarri-ekonomikoren erabilpena azpimarratu daiteke. Hauen bitartez desgaitasun egoeran dauden pertsonen kontratazioa langintza pribatuan sustatzen saiatu da. Alabaina, pena merezi du pizgarri hauen eraginkortasunaz eta justifikazioaz hausnartzea. Hauen ikuspegia egokia izan den ala ez argitzen saiatzeko., [EN]Due to the way in which society itself functions and structures, through the course of history people with disabilities have been sidelined to a status of exclusion where their rights and freedoms have been limited. This cojuncture can be well appreciated in the labor sphere checking out the Iow rates of engagement people with disabilities have in the labor market. However, many steps have been taken trying to combat this inequality by means of law and public action since supranational organisations and states themselves became aware of it. Using many different economic aids to promote the hiring of people with disabilities stands out in the private sector of the labor sphere among the wicle variety of measures applied trying to fight the aforementioned inequality. Although it is worth studying the justification and the effectiveness these measures have had up until now to elucidate if the approach has been accurate.

The small intestine is a rapidly proliferating organ that is maintained by a small population of Lgr5-expressing intestinal stem cells (ISCs). However, several Lgr5-negative ISC populations have been identified, and this remarkable plasticity allows the intestine to rapidly respond to both the local environment and to damage. However, the mediators of such plasticity are still largely unknown. Using intestinal organoids and mouse models, we show that upon ribosome impairment (driven by Rptor deletion, amino acid starvation, or low dose cyclohexamide treatment) ISCs gain an Lgr5-negative, fetal-like identity. This is accompanied by a rewiring of metabolism. Our findings suggest that the ribosome can act as a sensor of nutrient availability, allowing ISCs to respond to the local nutrient environment. Mechanistically, we show that this phenotype requires the activation of ZAKɑ, which in turn activates YAP, via SRC. Together, our data reveals a central role for ribosome dynamics in intestinal stem cells, and identify the activation of ZAKɑ as a critical mediator of stem cell identity.